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Your search term(s) "diabetes mellitus and diagnosis" returned 236 results.

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Prediabetes. Chevy Chase, MD: Hormone Foundation. 2007. 1 p.

This brief fact sheet reviews pre-diabetes, a condition in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps the body take sugar from the bloodstream and carry it to cells where it is used for energy. The fact sheet answers common questions about pre-diabetes, discussing the risk factors for the disease, possible symptoms, diagnostic and screening tests used to monitor and diagnose pre-diabetes, complications associated with pre-diabetes, how to prevent and treat pre-diabetes, and how readers can best use the information provided in the fact sheet. One figure lists the diagnostic results of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance (OGT) tests in the categories of normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. Readers are referred to the Hormone Foundation’s website at www.hormone.org and other resources for more information. The fact sheet is also available in Spanish. 1 figure. 4 references.

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Probe to Bone: What Do the Data Tell Us?. Review of Endocrinology. 1(2): 20-21. June 2007.

This article considers the importance of and techniques used for diagnosing osteomyelitis in people with diabetes who present with foot ulcers. The authors caution that diabetic foot ulcers frequently become infected and, if left untreated, can involve bones and joints and may progress to amputation. Osteomyelitis may be present in up to 60 percent of severe and 20 percent of mild-to-moderate infected wounds. The authors review the importance of early detection, the use of probe-to-bone (PTB) testing, the research that supports the value of PTB testing, and possible limitations of the technique. If the clinician can probe to bone with a sterile, blunt, stainless steel probe, there is an 89 percent positive predictive value for osteomyelitis. The authors conclude that the PTB test has limitations, but it also has value in assisting the clinician. In particular, a negative test may exclude the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. 11 references.

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Punch Skin Biopsy in Diabetic Neuropathy. IN: Veves, A.; Malik, R.A., eds. Diabetic Neuropathy: Clinical Management. 2nd ed. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2007. pp 293-312.

This chapter on the use of punch skin biopsy in diabetic neuropathy is from a comprehensive textbook that provides general practitioners details on the latest techniques for the clinical management of this diabetes complication. The author describes the measurement of unmyelinated C and A delta nociceptors through punch skin biopsy as an important development in this area over the past decade. Clinically, the punch biopsy technique is most often used to define a length-dependent peripheral neuropathy, but it can also be used to follow patients longitudinally over time. Epidermal nerve fibers are often lost early in diabetes or even in impaired glucose tolerance and can be the only objective measure of neuropathy in these patients. The author concludes that the superficial nature of epidermal nerve fibers allows repeated sampling of these nerves in a relatively noninvasive fashion, permitting earlier diagnosis of neuropathy and a way to measure changes over time or in response to treatment. 7 figures. 44 references.

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Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2007. Diabetes Care. 30 (Suppl 1): S4-S41. January 2007.

This supplement to the Diabetes Care journal contains the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, the major position statement of the organization. This section of the supplement presents the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (2007) in the areas of Classification and Diagnosis; Screening for Diabetes; Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; the Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes; Diabetes Care; the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Care in Specific Populations, including children and adolescents, preconception care, and older individuals; Diabetes Care in Specific Settings, including the hospital, school and day care settings, diabetes camps, correctional institutions, and emergency and disaster preparedness; Hypoglycemia and Employment or Licensure; Third-Party Reimbursement for Diabetes Care; and Strategies for Improving Diabetes Care. Each standard includes a statement of the problem, and then lists recommendations; relevant references are also included. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided with the standards. The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. 1 figure. 11 tables. 234 references.

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Talk T With Your Male Patients: AADE Takes a Fresh Look at Low T and Diabetes in Men. Diabetes Educators Handbook. p. 7-8. July 2007.

This article, part of a special supplement to Endocrine Today, encourages diabetes educators to talk with men who have diabetes about their potential risk for low testosterone levels. The author describes a program from the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) called “Take Charge. Talk T.” This program includes educational opportunities for diabetes educators and other professionals, a consumer website at www.TalkLowT.org, and a larger presence at diabetes patient events. The author encourages readers to remember that low testosterone levels are easily diagnosed with a simple blood test and treatable with gels like AndroGel (Solvay Pharmaceuticals), patches, and injections. In addition, free Spanish and English pamphlets are available in packs of 50 by emailing talkt@aadenet.org.

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Treatment of Children And Adolescents With Diabetes. IN: Scobie, I.N. Atlas of Diabetes Mellitus. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2007. pp 59-60.

This brief chapter on treatment options for children and adolescents is from an atlas of diabetes mellitus that offers text and pictures to familiarize clinicians with the most current information about diabetes and its diagnosis and treatment. The volume portrays the wide and varied expressions of diabetes and its complications as an aid to their more ready recognition in clinical practice. This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating knowledge of child development into the care for diabetes because a variety of behavioral, physiologic, psychologic, and social factors operate in different ways in children and in adolescents. Most children and their parents rapidly become confident with insulin injections and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The chapter briefly reviews the typical insulin needs of a younger child, noting that these dosages will change as the child moves into adolescence. 3 references.

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Treatment. IN: Scobie, I.N.. Atlas of Diabetes Mellitus. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2007. pp 33-58.

This chapter about treatment options is from an atlas of diabetes mellitus that offers text and pictures to familiarize clinicians with the most current information about diabetes and its diagnosis and treatment. The volume portrays the wide and varied expressions of diabetes and its complications as an aid to their more ready recognition in clinical practice. This chapter discusses dietary treatment for type 1 diabetes, dietary treatment for type 2 diabetes, the role of exercise, insulin regimens for type 1 diabetes, blood glucose monitoring, the importance of patient education and self-care, the assessment of glycemic control, drugs and insulin treatment used for type 2 diabetes, and the use of islet and pancreatic transplantation. The chapter offers full-color photographs and illustrations of these same topics, including the equipment used for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and for insulin infusion, injection site complications, and the dosage ranges for common diabetes medications. 31 figures. 21 references.

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Ultrasound Surveillance in Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 20(2): 89-93. Spring 2007.

This article evaluates the clinical relevance of ultrasonography during pregnancy complicated by diabetes. Ultrasonography may be used for fetal surveillance, assessment of diabetes impact, guidance of diabetes treatment, and obstetric management. The authors discuss the role of the obstetrician, the ecological system of the maternal-fetal metabolic unit, assessment of fetal metabolic status, sonographic estimation of fetal development and growth, fetal body composition, fetal macrosomia and obstetrical management, Doppler sonography, fetal surveillance, and ultrasound-guided therapeutic management of maternal glycemic control. The authors conclude that although ultrasound has improved, its effect on reduction of perinatal morbidity and mortality remains to be proven, and its use in detecting large-for-gestational-age fetuses is unreliable. Indeed, clinical decisions based on birth weight prediction by sonography are often in error. The authors note that measurement of the insulin-sensitive fetal fat layer and fetal abdominal circumference may better reflect the impact of diabetes on the fetus. 37 references.

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What is Gestational Diabetes?. Diabetes Care. 30(Suppl 2): S105-S111. July 2007.

This article brings readers up to date on the basics of diagnosis and patient care management for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM is usually diagnosed with routine glucose tolerance screening. The authors review the use of population screening for glucose intolerance, the physiology of glucose regulation in pregnancy and GDM, GDM and autoimmune beta cell dysfunction, GDM and monogenic diabetes, and the role of GDM as an opportunity for the study of evolving diabetes and, potentially, for diabetes prevention. The authors conclude that GDM may result from a spectrum of existing metabolic abnormalities but were only detected by the screening process. In many, and perhaps most, women with GDM, the abnormalities appear to be chronic in nature, detected by routine glucose screening in pregnancy. They are frequently progressive, leading to rising glucose levels and eventually to diabetes. 4 figures. 65 references.

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Acute Illness in Diabetes. IN: Katsilambros, N., et al. Diabetes in Clinical Practice: Questions and Answers From Case Studies. Somerset, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 2006. pp 103-198.

This chapter on acute illness in diabetes is from a book that deals with various aspects of diabetes in clinical practice, presented in the form of questions concerning diabetes diagnosis, management, and therapy, all based on real-life case studies. Topics covered include recommended instructions for patients with diabetes who are coping with an acute illness at home, changes to be made to insulin regimens during periods of an acute illness, and the indications for hospital admission. The author stresses that instructions for patients must be individualized and instructions will vary depending on factors such as the type of diabetes; the kind of therapy, pills or insulin; the presence of complications; and the type of acute illness. The chapter presents two case studies, which are individually discussed, and relevant questions are posed and answered. Readers are walked through the diagnostic and patient care management processes for the case studies presented. 3 references.

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