January 1989 - July 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-71
149 citations from AGRICOLA
Bonnie Emmert
and Joe Makuch
Water Quality Information Center
RESEARCHING WATER QUALITY
1 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Acidic deposition to streams: a geology-based method predicts
their sensitivity.
Bricker, O.P.; Rice, K.C.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1989 Apr.
Environmental science & technology v. 23 (4): p. 379-385.
ill., maps; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Streams; Acid rain; Acids; Deposition;
Watersheds; Water pollution; Sampling; Prediction; Geology;
Methodology
2 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
An algorithm for estimating surface suspended sediment
concentrations with Landsat MSS digital data.
Ritchie, J.C.; Cooper, C.M.
Bethesda, Md. : American Water Resources Association; 1991
May. Water resources bulletin v. 27 (3): p. 373-379; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Sediment; Surface layers; Erosion;
Water reservoirs; Water quality; Reflectance; Optical
properties; Landsat; Remote sensing; Spectral data;
Algorithms; Regression analysis; Monitoring
Abstract: Algorithms for Landsat MSS digital data are needed
to reduce the necessity of calibrating each Landsat scene if
these data are to be useful in monitoring programs for surface
suspended sediments. In this study digital data were extracted
from 16 Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) scenes collected
between March 1987 and August 1988 over Enid Reservoir in
North Central Mississippi. These data were converted to
radiance and reflectance data for comparison with field
measurements of surface suspended sediment concentrations.
Concentrations ranged from 2 to 168 mg/1 during the study with
only four greater than 100 mg/1. Linear and polynomial
regression analyses were used to relate the surface suspended
sediment concentrations with radiance and reflectance.
Reflectance in MSS band 2 (0.6 to 0.7 Km) and MSS band 3 (0.7
to 0.8 ;micrometer) were best related to the surface suspended
sediment concentrations with coefficients of determination
accounting for 71 percent and 68 percent of the variation in
the data, respectively. Regressions with radiance data
accounted for 36 percent (band 2) or less of the variation.
Logarithmic transformations of either reflectance or sediment
concentrations increase the coefficients of determination for
MSS band 2 reflectance data to 81 percent. Regressions between
the ratio of MSS band 1 to MSS band 2 reflectances and
concentrations also accounted for 80 percent of the variation.
An equation Log(e) SS(mg/l) = -9.21R1/2 + 2.71R,1/2(2) + 8.45,
where S is surface suspended sediment concentrations and R1/2
is the ratio of MSS band 1 to MSS band 2 reflectances,
provided the best fit to the data with a coefficient of
determination of 0.82. This equation is essentially the same
as an algorithm proposed by Topliss et al. (1990), for
estimating surface suspended sediment concentrations in
Canadian coastal waters. These equations for Enid Reservoir
and Canadian waters suggest that it may be possible to develop
an algorithm for widespread use for est
3 NAL Call. No.: QR1.L47
An alternative approach to the yeast extract-nalidixic acid
method for determining the proportion of metabolically active
aquatic bacteria. Al-Hadithi, S.A.; Goulder, R.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Mar.
Letters in applied microbiology v. 8 (3): p. 87-90; 1989 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Water composition and quality; Aquatic
organisms; Isolation technique; Laboratory methods
4 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Analysis of substituted benzene compounds in groundwater using
solid-phase microextraction.
Arthur, C.L.; Killam, L.M.; Motlagh, S.; Lim, M.; Potter,
D.W.; Pawliszyn, J. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical
Society; 1992 May.
Environmental science & technology v. 26 (5): p. 979-983; 1992
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Pollutants; Benzene;
Toluene; Xylene; Analytical methods; Extraction
5 NAL Call. No.: GB701.W375 no.90-4005
Analysis of water-quality data and sampling programs at
selected sites in north-central Colorado.. Analysis of water
quality data and sampling programs at selected sites in north-
central Colorado
Mueller, David K.
Geological Survey (U.S.),Northern Colorado Water Conservancy
District, United States, Bureau of Reclamation
Denver, Colo. : U.S. Geological Survey : Open-File Reports
Section [distributor],; 1990.
v, 79 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Water-resources investigations
report ; 90-4005). Includes bibliographical references (p.
57).
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Water, Underground
6 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Analyte stability studies conducted during the National
Pesticide Survey. Munch, D.J.; Frebis, C.P.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1992 May.
Environmental science & technology v. 26 (5): p. 921-925; 1992
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Pesticides; Pollutants; Stability;
Environmental protection; Government organizations; Surveys;
Samples; Groundwater pollution; Analytical methods
7 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Analytical chemistry for environmental sciences.
D'Elia, C.F.; Sanders, J.G.; Capone, D.G.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1989 Jul.
Environmental science & technology v. 23 (7): p. 768-774. ill;
1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Saline water; Water composition and
quality; Analytical methods; Environmental protection;
Monitoring; Water law; Water pollution
8 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Aseptic sampling of unconsolidated heaving soils in saturated
zones. Leach, L.E.; Ross, R.R.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
334-348; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Water pollution; Agricultural
chemicals; Soil; Sampling
Abstract: Collecting undisturbed subsurface soil samples in
noncohesive, heaving sandy environments below the water table
has been extremely difficult using conventional soil sampling
equipment. Several modifications of the conventional hollow-
stem auger coring procedures were adapted, which allowed
collection of depth-discreet soil samples in very fluid,
heaving sands. These methods were used where accurate
subsurface characterization of the contamination of RCRA and
CERCLA sites was essential. Cohesionless cores were
consistently retrieved, aseptically extruded from the core
barrel inside an anaerobic environmental chamber, and
preserved in the field. The physical, chemical, and biological
integrity of discreet soil intervals was maintained for
laboratory analysis. Statistical analysis of repeated
collection of soil samples from the same depth intervals in
nearby boreholes was documented.
9 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
An automated soil water monitoring and leachate sampling
system. Bjorneberg, D.L.; Bischoff, J.H.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-2533):
p. 167-195; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International
Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil water content; Monitoring; Water quality
10 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Batch versu column method for determining distribution of
organics between soil and water phases.
Johnson, J.A.; Farmer, W.J.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1993 Feb.
Soil science v. 155 (2): p. 92-99; 1993 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alfisols; Sandy loam soils; Soil analysis;
Analytical methods; Comparisons; Napropamide; Lindane;
Sorption; Distribution; Soil solution; Sorption isotherms;
Leaching; Movement in soil
11 NAL Call. No.: S583.A7
C18 Extraction of atrazine from small water sample volumes.
Shepherd, T.R.; Carr, J.D.; Duncan, D.; Pederson, D.T.
Arlington, VA : AOAC International; 1992 May.
Journal of AOAC International v. 75 (3): p. 581-583; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Atrazine; Detection; Herbicide residues; Water
quality; Extraction; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry;
Evaluation; Sampling; Volume
12 NAL Call. No.: TD426.J68
Characterization of a sandy aquifer material at the grain
scale. Ball, W.P.; Buehler, C.; Harmon, T.C.; Mackay, D.M.;
Roberts, P.V. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1990 Mar.
Journal of contaminant hydrology v. 5 (3): p. 253-295; 1990
Mar. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aquifers; Sandy soils; Physico-chemical
properties of soil; Solutions; Sorption; Movement in soil;
Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution; Analytical methods
13 NAL Call. No.: S583.A7
Characterization of the O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-
hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBOA) derivatives of some
aliphatic mono- and dialdehydes and quantitative water
analysis of these aldehydes.
Cancilla, D.A.; Chou, C.C.; Barthel, R.; Hee, S.S.Q.
Arlington, VA : AOAC International; 1992 Sep.
Journal of AOAC International v. 75 (5): p. 842-854; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Pesticide residues; Quantitative
analysis; Oximes; Validity; Reference standards; Spectral
data; Water pollution
14 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-
performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of atrazine
in water from Czechoslovakia. Bushway, R.J.; Perkins, L.B.;
Fukal, L.; Harrison, R.O.; Ferguson, B.S. New York, N.Y. :
Springer-Verlag; 1991 Sep.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 21
(3): p. 365-370; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Czechoslovakia; Water pollution; Atrazine;
Samples; Analytical methods; Hplc; Accuracy
15 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Comparison of statistical and standard techniques to classify
and delineate sodic soils.
Seelig, B.D.; Richardson, J.L.; Knighton, R.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1042-1048; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Sodic soils; Soil classification;
Spatial variation; Soil surveys; Statistical analysis;
Discriminant analysis; Component analysis; Spatial
distribution; Soil boundaries; Upland soils; Wetland soils;
Soil morphology; Soil variability; Soil salinity; Leaching;
Physicochemical properties
Abstract: Statistical estimates of soil variability within
and among delineations of taxonomic units are useful in
designing and checking classification systems. We compared
soil classification and spatial differentiation of a landscape
dominated by sodic soils. Both statistical methodologies and
standard soil-survey techniques were used to differentiate
soils. Forty-nine pedons at three landform positions were
compared with canonical discriminant analysis, principal
component analysis, and kriging. Statistical analyses improved
soil classification and allowed a clearer view of the field
distribution of soil properties, compared with standard soil-
survey techniques. Soils with properties indicative of strong
leaching (Solods) are recognized as significantly different
from other soil taxonomic components at the intermediate and
wetland positions. Solods were extensive at the wetland
position, but could not be differentiated from Typic
Natraquolls solely by morphologic observation. Although Solods
are related to other leached soils, Argiaquolls and
Argialbolls, they also possess soil properties that are
similar to associated sodic soils. Leptic Natriborolls and
Udic Natriborolls were similar except for salinity. The
salinity difference by itself does not produce significant
statistical differentiation between the soils of the two
natric subgroups. High salinity would be better recognized as
a soil-series phase, not a separate subgroup of Natriborolls.
16 NAL Call. No.: TD419.R47
A comparison of surface-grab and cross sectionally integrated
stream-water-quality sampling methods.
Martin, G.R.; Smoot, J.L.; White, K.D.
Alexandria, Va. : The Federation; 1992 Nov.
Water environment reserarch v. 64 (7): p. 866-876; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; River water; Water quality; Sampling;
Site types; Farmland; Forests
17 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Compendium of in situ pore-liquid samplers for vadose zone.
Dorrance, D.W.; Wilson, L.G.; Everett, L.G.; Cullen, S.J.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
300-331; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Water pollution; Agricultural
chemicals; Sampling; Lysimeters
Abstract: In recent years, there has been increasing emphasis
on monitoring contaminant transport in the vadose zone. Vadose
zone monitoring relies on a variety of in situ samplers to
collect pore-liquids under saturated and/or unsaturated
conditions. This compendium describes these samplers together
with their advantages and disadvantages.
18 NAL Call. No.: TD423.C642 1992
Compilation of E.P.A.'s sampling and analysis methods..
E.P.A.'s sampling and analysis methods
Keith, Lawrence H.,_1938-; Mueller, William,_1929-; Smith,
David, Chelsea, MI. : Lewis Publishers,; 1992.
803 p. ; 24 cm.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water; Pollutants
19 NAL Call. No.: GB701.W375 no.89-4172
A computerized data-base system for land-use and land-cover
data collected at ground-water sampling sites in the pilot
National Water-Quality Assessment Program.. Computerized data
base system for land-use and land-cover data collected at
ground-water sampling sites in the pilot National Water-
Quality Assessment Program
Scott, J. C.
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Oklahoma City, Okla. : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological
Survey ; Denver, Colo. : Books and Open-File Reports, U.S.
Geological Survey [distributor],; 1989.
vi, 139 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Water-resources investigations
report ; 89-4172). Includes bibliographical references (p.
71).
Language: English
Descriptors: Land use; Data bases; Land use; Data processing;
Water, Underground; Sampling
20 NAL Call. No.: GB701.W375 no.90-4101
Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for
design of a ground-water-quality sampling network..
Computerized stratified random site selection approaches for
design of a ground water quality sampling network Scott, J. C.
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Oklahoma City, Okla. : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological
Survey ; Denver, Colo. : Books and Open-File Reports
[distributor],; 1990; I 19.42/4:90-4101. vi, 109 p. : ill.,
maps ; 28 cm. (Water-resources investigations report ;
90-4101). "National Water-Quality Assessment Program"--Cover.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Water quality; Stratified
sets
21 NAL Call. No.: QH540.I52
Conducting field studies for testing pesticide leaching
models. Smith, C.N.; Parrish, R.S.; Brown, D.S.
London : Gordon and Breach Science Publishers; 1990.
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry v.
39 (1): p. 3-21. ill; 1990. Paper presented at the " Workshop
on Soil Residue Analysis," Aug 8-10, 1988, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticides; Leaching; Groundwater; Models; Field
tests
22 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7632
Confidence intervals from single observations in forest
research. Valentine, H.T.; Furnival, G.M.; Gregoire, T.G.
Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters; 1991 Mar.
Forest science v. 37 (1): p. 370-373; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Forests; Forest inventories; Forest trees;
Volume; Forest statistics; Logging effects; Clearcutting;
Clear strip felling; Water quality; Water yield; Statistical
analysis; Statistical data; Experimental design
Abstract: A procedure for constructing confidence intervals
and testing hypotheses from a single trial or observation is
reviewed. The procedure requires a prior, fixed estimate or
guess of the outcome of an experiment or sampling. Two
examples of applications are described: a confidence interval
is constructed for the expected outcome of a systematic
sampling of a forested tract, and a hypothesis is tested in
connection with a watershed experiment. Potential misuses of
the procedure also are discussed.
23 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Contamination of collected soil water samples by the
dissolution of the mineral constituents of porous P.T.F.E.
cups.
Maitre, V.; Bourrie, G.; Curmi, P.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Oct.
Soil science v. 152 (4): p. 289-293; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil analysis; Acid soils; Soil water; Sampling;
Contamination; Samplers; Ethylene; Fluorine; Polymers;
Dissolving; Acid treatment; Silicon; Silica; Calcium;
Potassium; Magnesium; Sodium; Iron; Aluminum; Manganese;
Chromium; Titanium; Chemical composition; Soil solution;
Leaching; Geochemistry; Soil micromorphology
24 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Contamination of soil and groundwater by automatic
transmission fluid: site description and problem assessment.
Abdul, A.S.; Gibson, T.L.; Kia, S.F.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Dec15.
Journal of hydrology v. 121 (1/4): p. 133-153; 1990 Dec15.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution;
Pollutants; Wells; Aquifers; Measurement; Core sampling; Soil
analysis; Monitoring
Abstract: Soil and groundwater beneath a region of a
manufacturing plant are contaminated with automatic
transmission fluid (ATF). The extent of contamination was
assessed by maximizing the use of real-time data from soil-
core sampling and monitoring wells. The number, location, and
depth of cores and of monitoring wells were determined during
the investigation based on: (1) inspection and analysis of
soil-core samples immediately after each core was taken: (2)
physical and chemical measurements of core samples at the end
of each day; (3) measurements in monitoring wells at several
stages during the investigation. This approach differs
significantly from the conventional approach of randomly
placing wells through the hydrogeologic system. Soil cores
were taken and monitoring wells installed at 53 locations. The
perched aquifer extends to about 13 ft. and is comprised
mainly of sandy materials, which have spatial heterogeneity in
size distribution and hydraulic properties. About 208000 +/-
33000 gal. of ATF has spread over an area of about 64000 ft.
The region of ATF contamination is comprised of three distinct
and contiguous layers. The center layer is about 2.6 ft. deep
at its thickest point and extends to about 250 ft. at its
widest point. The soil in this zone is about 85% saturated
with 133000 +/- 21000 gal. of ATF, which has depressed the
water table into the aquifer. The top layer is about 14 in.
thick and contains about 50640 gal. of ATF held by capillary
forces. The amount of ATF in this zone decreases with height
above the center layer from about 85% saturation to residual
saturation (20%). The amount of ATF in the deepest layer is
near the residual saturation. This layer is 1.0 +/- 0.5 ft.
thick and has 24500 +/- 12250 gal. ATF. This investigative
approach did not spread the ATF to clean regions of the
aquifer as could occur with conventional approaches, and it
provided the data needed to assess the problem and to design a
cleanup plan. A new approach is being use
25 NAL Call. No.: RA1221.T69
Cr and Hg toxicity assessed in situ using the structural and
functional characteristics of algal communities.
Singh, A.K.; Rai, L.C.
New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1991 Feb.
Environmental toxicology and water quality v. 6 (1): p.
97-107; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Phytoplankton; Algae; Cyanobacteria;
Phytotoxicity; Mercury; Chromium; Heavy metals; Nitrogenase;
Enzyme activity; Nitrogen fixation; Nutrient uptake; Carbon;
Inhibition; Metal tolerance; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll;
Susceptibility; Field tests; Aquatic environment; Water
pollution
Abstract: The toxicity of mercury and chromium on algal
community structure have been assessed using in situ N2ase
activity, pigment diversity, autotrophic index, and 14C uptake
of algae. The location was in the river Ganga and controlled
ecosystem pollution experiment enclosures were used. Maximum
inhibition of algal number was observed at 0.8 micrograms Hg
mL-1 followed by 8.0 micrograms Cr mL-1. Unicellular forms,
except for Anorthoneis excentrica, were very sensitive to test
metals used. The decline in algal number was concentration
dependent and metal specific at generic and species levels.
Complete elimination of three and six species was observed
respectively at 8.0 micrograms Cr mL-1 and 0.8 micrograms Hg
mL-1 after 12 days' exposure. Likewise, a concentration-
dependent and metal-specific increase in autotrophic index and
pigment diversity of phytoplankton was recorded for Hg and Cr.
Inhibition of 14C uptake of phytoplankton in Ganga water was
almost equal (79%) at 0.8 micrograms Hg mL-1 and 8.0
micrograms Cr mL-1 (78%). Although complete inhibition of in
situ N(2)ase was observed at 0.8 micrograms Hg mL-1, it was
only 80% with 8.0 micrograms Cr mL-1. Our study suggests that
heavy metals inhibit both structural and functional variables
of phytoplankton in field microcosms. Hence this technique
seems to hold potential for the biomonitoring of heavy metal
toxicity in the field.
26 NAL Call. No.: HC79.E5E5
Detecting acid precipitation impacts on lake water quality.
Loftis, J.C.; Taylor, C.H.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1989 Sep.
Environmental management v. 13 (5): p. 529-538; 1989 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Acid rain; Water composition and quality;
Monitoring; Trends; Lakes; Statistical methods; Mathematical
models; Monte carlo method
27 NAL Call. No.: S583.A7
Determination of eight organochlorine pesticides at low
nanogram/liter concentrations in groundwater using filter disk
extraction and gas chromatography.
Tomkins, B.A.; Merriweather, R.; Jenkins, R.A.; Bayne, C.K.
Arlington, VA : AOAC International; 1992 Nov.
Journal of AOAC International v. 75 (6): p. 1091-1099; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Organochlorine pesticides;
Pesticide residues; Determination; Quantitative analysis;
Analytical methods
28 NAL Call. No.: S583.A7
Determination of organic pollutants in reagent water by
liquid-solid extraction followed by supercritical fluid
elution.
Tang, P.H.; Ho, J.S.; Eichelberger, J.W.
Arlington, VA : AOAC International; 1993 Jan.
Journal of AOAC International v. 76 (1): p. 72-82; 1993 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pollution; Pollutants; Organic compounds;
Determination; Extraction; Analytical methods
29 NAL Call. No.: 475 J824
Determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in water. Polymeric
pre-column preconcentration and tetrabutyl-ammonium ion-pair
separation on a PRP-1 column.
Geerdink, R.B.; Balkom, C.A.A. van; Brouwer, H.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Nov03.
Journal of chromatography v. 481: p. 275-285. ill; 1989 Nov03.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Herbicides; Water pollution; Gas chromatography;
Analytical methods
30 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
Determination of textile dyes in organs of Oncorhynchus mykiss
W. after in vitro exposure.
Riva, M.C.; Flos, R.; Crespi, M.; Pepio, M.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992 Aug.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 23
(2): p. 206-210; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Textiles; Dyes; Oncorhynchus; In
vitro; Exposure; Body parts; Analysis; Detection; Analytical
methods
31 NAL Call. No.: 302.8 T162
Development and validation of analytical methods for the
determination of phenolic compounds in pulp and wastewater
treatment plant sludges. Louch, J.R.; LaFleur, L.E.; Wilson,
G.; Bautz, D.; Woodrow, D.; Teitzel, H.; Jones, J.; Mark, M.
Norcross, Ga. : The Technical Association of the Pulp and
Paper Industry; 1993 Mar.
Tappi journal v. 76 (3): p. 71-80; 1993 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pulp mill effluent; Paper mill sludge; Waste
water treatment; Phenolic compounds; Chemical analysis;
Aromatic compounds; Organochlorine compounds; Water pollution
32 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J823
The development, calibration and field testing of a soil loss
and a runoff model derived from a small-scale physical
simulation of the erosion environment on arable land in
Zimbabwe.
Elwell, H.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Jun.
The Journal of soil science v. 41 (2): p. 239-253; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zimbabwe; Interrill erosion; Arable land; Runoff;
Losses from soil systems; Simulation; Prediction; Mathematical
models
33 NAL Call. No.: TD419.R47
Difficulties related to using extreme percentiles for water
quality regulations.
Berthouex, P.M.; Hau, I.
Alexandria, Va. : The Federation; 1991 Sep.
Research journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation v.
63 (6): p. 873-879; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Regulation; Statistical analysis;
Accuracy; Decision making; Mathematics; Statistical methods
34 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Dispersion effect on the apparent nitrogen isotope
fractionation factor associated with denitrification in soil;
evaluation by a mathematical model. Kawanishi, T.; Hayashi,
Y.; Kihou, N.; Yoneyama, T.; Ozaki, Y. Exeter : Pergamon
Press; 1993 Mar.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 25 (3): p. 349-354; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Denitrification; Quantitative analysis;
Agricultural soils; Solutes; Dispersion; Transport processes;
Soil water; Water flow; Mathematical models; Nitrate;
Groundwater pollution
Abstract: An analytical model is constructed to investigate
the effect of dispersion on the apparent 15N/14N fractionation
factor associated with denitrification in soil. The steady
input of solute with a fixed isotope ratio, uniform flow of
the solute, and the first-order reaction for each isotope are
assumed, and the relationship between the concentration
distribution and the change of isotope ratio in the steady
state is examined. The only dimensionless parameter, kl4ND/v2,
the product of the first-order reaction rate constant and the
dispersion coefficient divided by the square of the
superficial velocity, determines the effect of dispersion, and
if its value is larger than 0.01, the dispersion will affect
the apparent isotope fractionation factor. As kl4ND/v2
increases, the effect becomes more prominent, and when it
approaches infinity, the ratio of the apparent per mille
enrichment factor to the true one, (alpha ap-1)/(alpha tr-1),
reaches 0.5.
35 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (EE)
Do model uncertainty with correlated inputs.
Song, Q.; Brown, L.C.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers,
Environmental Engineering Division; 1990 Nov.
Journal of environmental engineering v. 116 (6): p. 1164-1180;
1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Models; Dissolved oxygen;
Uncertainty; Statistical analysis; Monte carlo method
36 NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1
Ecological control on the basis of biological object response.
Genjatulin, K.V.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1991 Mar.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 46
(3): p. 387-391; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Pollutants; Escherichia coli;
Bacteriophages; Viruses; Microbial activities; Toxicity;
Resistance; Mathematical models; Quantitative analysis
37 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Economical monitoring procedure for assessing agrochemical
nonpoint source loading in unconsolidated aquifers.
Spalding, R.F.; Exner, M.E.; Burbach, M.E.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
255-261; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Agricultural chemicals; Piezometers;
Sampling; Water pollution
Abstract: Multilevel samplers (MLSs) consisting of
piezometers and tube samplers, a logical approach for
determining the direction of groundwater flow and chemistry in
shallow (< 6 m) nonpoint source (NPS) groundwater
investigations. These MLSs have evolved from fastening the
tubing to conduit at specific depths while the conduit was
lowered into the hollow stem auger train to the present method
of installing preassembled MLSs in boreholes drilled by the
reverse circulation rotary method without the use of drilling
additives. This method allows the aquifer to be sectioned into
discrete layers and provides an instantaneous snapshot of both
flow and chemistry in three dimensions. The procedure has been
used successfully at several sites in Nebraska. The method is
cheap, fast, and accurate in areas where the depth to water is
less than 6 m. While the same procedure can be used where
depths to water exceed 6 m, the need for gas-driven samplers
substantially increases the cost.
38 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Effect of rainfall measurement time and depth resolution on EI
calculation. Williams, R.G.; Sheridan, J.M.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (2): p.
402-406; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Water erosion; Losses from soil systems;
Rain; Runoff; Statistical analysis; Universal soil loss
equation
Abstract: The Rainfall Erosion Index (EI) is one of the
primary factors in the Universal Soil Loss Equation.
Calculation of EI is based on breakpoint rainfall records
where breakpoints separate periods of constant rainfall
intensity. Breakpoint data are determined from continuously
recording, chart-type raingage records. This article examines
the use of rainfall records for EI determination where
accumulated depth is recorded at fixed time increments.
Various time (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min) and depth
(0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mm) resolutions
were superimposed on breakpoint rainfall records from Tifton,
GA to obtain equivalent non-breakpoint records. Results of
statistical analyses relating non-breakpoing EI values to
breakpoint EI values are presented, along with correction
factors for adjusting non-breakpoint EI to breakpoint EI and a
relationship defining optimum time and depth resolution
combinations for accurate EI calculation.
39 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Effect of serial correction on ground water quality sampling
frequency. Close, M.E.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1989 Jun. Water resources bulletin v. 25 (3): p. 507-515.
maps; 1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Zealand; Groundwater; Water composition and
quality; Nitrates; Sampling techniques; Evaluation
40 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Effect of suspended sediment concentration on the sediment to
water partition coefficient for 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin.
Servos, M.R.; Muir, D.C.G.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1989 Oct.
Environmental science & technology v. 23 (10): p. 1302-1306;
1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Suspensions; Sediments;
Concentration; Organic compounds; Pollutants; Analytical
methods; Calculation
41 NAL Call. No.: TD428.A37T695 1989
Effect of water table height and soil physical properties on
nutrient leaching.
Elder, L.; Chieng, S.T.
Denver, Colo. : U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage;
1989. Toxic substances in agricultural water supply and
drainage : an int environ perspective : papers from the Second
Pan-American Regional Conf of the Int Commission on Irrigation
and Drainage, Ottawa, Canada, June 8-9, 1989. p. 293-304. ill;
1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Water table; Height; Physical
properties of soil; Nitrates; Leaching; Silty soils; Clay
soils; Loam soils; Laboratory methods
42 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
Effects of small-scale vertical variations in well-screen
inflow rates and concentrations of organic compounds on the
collection of representative ground-water-quality samples.
Gibs, J.; Brown, G.A.; Turner, K.S.; MacLeod, C.L.; Jelinski,
J.C.; Koehnlein, S.A.
Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Pub. Co; 1993 Mar.
Ground water v. 31 (2): p. 201-208; 1993 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Groundwater pollution; Wells; Water;
Sampling; Pollutants; Organic compounds; Concentration
Abstract: Because a water sample collected from a well is an
integration of water from different depths along the well
screen, measured concentrations can be biased if analyte
concentrations are not uniform along the length of the well
screen. The resulting concentration in the sample, therefore,
is a function of variations in well-screen inflow rate and
analyte concentration with depth. A multiport sampler with
seven short screened intervals was designed and used to
investigate small-scale vertical variations in water chemistry
and aquifer hydraulic conductivity in ground water
contaminated by leaded gasoline at Galloway Township, Atlantic
County, New Jersey. The multiport samplers were used to
collect independent samples from seven intervals within the
screened zone that were flow-rate weighted and integrated to
simulate a 5-foot-long, 2.375-inch-outside-diameter
conventional wire-wound screen. The integrations of the
results of analyses of samples collected from two multiport
samplers showed that a conventional 5-foot-long well screen
would integrate contaminant concentrations over its length and
resulted in an apparent contaminant concentration that was as
little as 28 percent of the maximum concentration observed in
the multiport sampler.
43 NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1
ELISA of simazine in soil: applications for a field leaching
study. Goh, K.S.; Richman, S.J.; Troiano, J.; Garretson, C.L.;
Hernandez, J.; Hsu, J.; White, J.; Barry, T.A.; Ray, M.; Tran,
D.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992 Apr.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 48
(4): p. 554-560; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Simazine; Herbicide residues; Leaching; Soil
water; Irrigation; Soil depth; Quantitative analysis; Elisa;
Gas chromatography
44 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Enantioselective determination of chlordane components using
chiral high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
with application to environmental samples.
Buser, H.R.; Muller, M.D.; Rappe, C.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1992 Aug.
Environmental science & technology v. 26 (8): p. 1533-1540;
1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sweden; Antarctica; Baltic sea; Chlordane; Water
pollution; Sea water; Animal tissues; Chemical analysis;
Herrings; Atlantic salmon; Seals; Pygoscelis; Analytical
methods; Toxicity
45 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
EPA's analytical methods for water: the next generation.
Hites, R.A.; Budde, W.L.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1991 Jun.
Environmental science & technology v. 25 (6): p. 998-1006;
1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water pollution; Pollutants; Organic
compounds; Analytical methods; Environmental protection;
Public agencies
46 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Error control in pollutant mass load estimation.
Magette, W.L.; Ifft, T.H.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-2517):
12 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter
Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Runoff; Pollutants; Regression analysis; Errors;
Control
47 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Estimation of zero-tension pan lysimeter collection
efficiency. Jemison, J.M. Jr; Fox, R.H. Jr
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Aug.
Soil science v. 154 (2): p. 85-94; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Hapludalfs; Solutes; Leaching;
Measurement; Lysimeters; Efficiency; Soil water; Sampling;
Assessment; Analytical methods; Evaluation; Comparisons; Soil
water movement; Zea mays
48 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.I8I35
Evaluating the effectiveness of field demonstration programs.
Contant, C.K.; Young, C.L.
Ames, Iowa : The Extension; 1990 May.
IFM - Iowa State University Extension (6): 17 p.; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Demonstration farms; Field tests;
Information; Effects; Integrated pest management; Groundwater
pollution; Water quality; Farmers' attitudes; Extension
education
49 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E58
Evaluation of EPA's rapid bioassessment benthic metrics:
metric redundancy and variability among reference stream
sites.
Barbour, M.T.; Plafkin, J.L.; Bradley, B.P.; Graves, C.G.;
Wisseman, R.W. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry v. 11 (4): p. 432-449;
1992. Paper presented at the Symposium on Community Metrics
to Detect Ecosystem Effects, 10th Annual Meeting of the
Society of Environmental Toxicology, October 28-November 2,
1989, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Colorado; Kentucky; Aquatic insects;
Aquatic communities; Aquatic environment; Water pollution;
Pollutants; Toxicity; Community ecology; Species diversity;
Benthos; Streams; Statistical analysis; River valleys;
Mountain areas; Plains; Public agencies; Rapid methods
50 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J823
Evaluation of porous ceramic cups for monitoring soil-water
aluminium in acid soils: comment on a paper by Raulund-
Rasmussen (1989).
Hughes, S.; Reynolds, B.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Jun.
The Journal of soil science v. 41 (2): p. 325-328; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acid soils; Soil solution; Aluminum; Leaching;
Gibbsite; Solubility; Samplers; Sequential sampling;
Monitoring
51 NAL Call. No.: GB746.W33
Evaluation of quality and detection of sources of pollution of
subsurface waters by the gas geochemical method.
Korobeinik, G.S.; Kostromin, A.N.; Sedova, V.K.; Trufmanova,
E.P. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1989 Mar.
Water resources v. 15 (3): p. 234-238; 1989 Mar. Translated
from: Vodnye Resursy,. Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.in europe; Groundwater pollution;
Industrial wastes; Pollutants; Water composition and quality;
Gases; Geochemistry; Analytical methods; Aquifers;
Hydrocarbons; Mathematics; Statistical methods
52 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Evaluation of the accuracy and precision of annual phosphorus
load estimates from two agricultural basins in Finland.
Rekolainen, S.; Posch, M.; Kamari, J.; Ekholm, P.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Nov.
Journal of hydrology v. 128 (1/4): p. 237-255; 1991 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Finland; Agricultural land; Drainage; Runoff;
Pollution; Phosphorus; Transport processes; Flow; Estimates;
Sampling; Frequency; Monitoring; Mathematical models;
Comparisons
Abstract: The accuracy and precision of phosphorus load
estimates from two agricultural drainage basins in western
Finland were evaluated, based on continuous flow measurements
and frequent flow-proportional sampling of total phosphorus
concentration during a 2 year period. The objective was to
compare different load calculation methods and to evaluate
alternative sampling strategies. An hourly data set of
concentrations was constructed by linear interpolation, and
these data were used in Monte Carlo runs for producing
replicate data sets for calculating the accuracy and precision
of load estimates. All estimates were compared with reference
values computed from the complete hourly data sets. The load
calculation methods based on summing the products of regularly
sampled flows and concentrations produced the best precision,
whereas the best accuracy was achieved using methods based on
multiplying annual flow by flow-weighted annual mean
concentration. When comparing different sampling strategies,
concentrating sampling in high runoff periods (spring and
autumn) was found to give better accuracy and precision than
strategies based on regular interval sampling throughout the
year. However, the best result was obtained by taking samples
flow-proportionally within the highest peak flows plus
additional regular interval (e.g. biweekly) samples outside
these flow peaks. Using this strategy, which calls for
automatic sampling equipment, accuracies better than 5% and
precisions better than 10% can be achieved with only 30-50
samples per year.
53 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Experiences and knowledge gained from vadose zone sampling.
Starr, J.L.; Meisinger, J.J.; Parkin, T.B.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
279-289; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Water pollution; Agricultural
chemicals; Sampling
Abstract: Vadose zone sampling offers an opportunity for
assessing the impact on groundwater quality of chemicals
applied at the land surface. Many interacting factors control
the fate of chemicals in the field cause major sampling
problems even for experienced researchers. Underlying any
sampling program is the absolute need to clearly define the
study's objectives. The sampling procedure should then be
developed with a clear conceptual view of the physical,
chemical, and biological processes that affect the fate of the
chemical(s) under investigation. Basic questions regarding the
spatial, temporal, and statistical distributions of specific
parameters must also be addressed in developing an efficient
sampling plan. There is no "best sampling method" for all
situations, rather, there are several techniques with
attendant advantages and disadvantages. An efficient sampling
plan considers: the underlying processes; spatial, temporal,
and statistical distributions of important parameters; and
limited resources to answer the study's objectives.
54 NAL Call. No.: TD201.A72
Experiences of quality control of raw water storage
reservoirs. Clasen, J.; Bernhardt, H.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Aug.
Aqua v. 38 (4): p. 256-264. ill., maps; 1989 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water storage; Water composition and quality;
Reservoirs; Quality controls; Physico-chemical properties;
Algae; Biology; Sampling techniques
55 NAL Call. No.: GB701.W375 no.88-4178
An experiment in representative ground-water sampling for
water-quality analysis.
Huntzinger, Thomas L.; Stullken, Lloyd E.
Toxic Waste-Ground-Water Contamination Program (U.S.)
Lawrence, Kan. : The Survey ; Denver, Colo. : Books and Open-
File Reports [distributor], 1988 [i.e.; 1989; I
19.42/4:88-4178.
iv, 12 p. : ill., 1 map ; 28 cm. (Water-resources
investigations report ; 4178.). Bibliography: p. 12.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Kansas; Sampling
56 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E58
Experimental designs for aquatic mesocosm studies: a
comparison of the "ANOVA" and "regression" design for
assessing the impact of tetrachlorophenol on zooplankton
populations in limnocorrals.
Liber, K.; Kaushik, N.K.; Solomon, K.R.; Carey, J.H.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry v. 11 (1): p. 61-77;
1992. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Aquatic Mesocosms
in Ecotoxicology," Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society of
Environmental Toxicology, October 28-November 2, 1989,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Organochlorine compounds; Biocides; Phenols;
Water pollution; Toxicity; Zooplankton; Lakes; Experimental
design; Analysis of variance; Regression analysis; Aquatic
environment
57 NAL Call. No.: TD201.A4
A fast and accurate method for solving subsurface contaminant
transport problems with a single uncertain parameter.
Ahlfeld, D.P.; Pinder, G.F.
Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd; 1992.
Advances in water resources v. 15 (2): p. 143-150; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Contaminants; Transport;
Equations; Random sampling; Stochastic models; Groundwater
flow; Hydraulic conductivity
58 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Fiberglass wicks for sampling of water and solutes in the
vadose zone. Boll, J.; Steenhuis, T.S.; Selker, J.S.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (3): p. 701-707;
1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil water; Recharge; Water quality; Monitoring;
Sampling; Wicking property; Groundwater recharge; Groundwater
pollution
Abstract: Sampling solute concentrations in the vadose zone
provides an early-warning system for groundwater pollution.
Various sampling devices are available. This study evaluates
the functionality of fiberglass wicks in a soil solution
sampler. Fiberglass wicks act as a hanging water column,
drawing water from the undisturbed field soil without external
application of suction. Flow characteristics of wicks were
observed in the laboratory by miscible-displacement tests
using Br and an organic dye. The matric potential in the wick
as a function of flow rate was measured. Fiberglass wicks
behaved like a porous medium that effectively could apply a
suction to the soil while only minimally retarding the organic
dye. The relationship between matric potential, moisture
content, and unsaturated conductivity was determined for
several wicks. Based on these relationships, a set of curves
was produced depicting travel time of nonadsorbed chemicals
and the matric potential in the wick as a function of flow
rate. These curves can be used for selecting optimum wick
length and diameter for a given sampler configuration.
59 NAL Call. No.: TD475.C66 1991
Field demonstration of biological denitrification of polluted
groundwater and pilot scale field testing of biological
denitrification with widely varied hydraulic loading rates.
Cook, Nevis E.; Silverstein, JoAnn; Veydovec, Bill
Colorado Water Resources Research Institute
Fort Collins, Colo. : Colorado Water Resources Research
Institute,; 1991. 27, [1], 11 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Completion
report (Colorado Water Resources Research Institute) ; no.
162.). December 15, 1991. Grant nos: 14-08-0001-G1551-01,
14-08-0001-G1551-04, project nos.: 03 and 09. ... financed in
part by the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ...
Includes bibliographical references (p. [28]).
Language: English
Descriptors: Denitrification; Water
60 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J824
Field evaluation of the MUG assay for enumerating Escherichia
coli in seawater and oysters from southeastern United States.
Motes, M.L. Jr; Peeler, J.T.
Ames, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food, and
Environmental Sanitarians; 1991 Apr.
Journal of food protection v. 54 (4): p. 246-248; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Southeastern states of U.S.A.; Oysters; Food
contamination; Sea water; Pollution; Fecal coliforms;
Escherichia coli; Bacterial count; Bioassays; Laboratory
methods; Evaluation
Abstract: Oysters and seawater collected from the
southeastern United States were examined for fecal coliforms
and Escherichia coli, using the current procedure of the
American Public Health Association (APHA) and the fluorogenic
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) modified APHA
procedure. After the presence of E. coli in both methods was
confirmed by conventional IMViC procedures, there was no
significant difference between method means at the alpha =
0.05 level. In oysters, low confirmation rates of 67 and 77%
were observed by the APHA and the MUG methods, respectively.
Seawater had the greatest confirmation rates (95%) by the MUG
method. The MUG method may be a suitable alternative to the
current APHA method for the microbiological evaluation of
oysters and seawater.
61 NAL Call. No.: QK745.J6
Gas chromatography determination of flurprimidol in a
submersed aquatic plant (Myriophyllum spicatum), soil, and
water.
Chand, T.; Lembi, C.A.
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1991.
Journal of plant growth regulation v. 10 (2): p. 73-78; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Myriophyllum spicatum; Aquatic weeds;
Flurprimidol; Half life; Persistence; Herbicide residues;
Roots; Shoots; Buds; Quantitative analysis; Soil water; Water
quality; Extraction; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry
Abstract: Methods for the extraction and quantification of
flurprimidol residues in Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum
spicatum), soil, and water are described. The compound was
detected and quantified by gas chromatography (GC) with a
thermionic specific detector. Its identity was confirmed by
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with detection at
m/e 40-320. Recoveries from samples spiked with flurprimidol
at 10-10,000 ng ml-1 or g-1 averaged 86.8% for Eurasian
watermilfoil shoots, 85.2% for roots, 79.3% for loam soil, and
93.3% for water. In a small-scale experiment under field
conditions, approximately 88% of the applied flurprimidol
dissipated in 4 weeks. The majority of recovered flurprimidol
was found in the water and upper 5 cm soil layer. The half-
life of the compound in water was 6.8-8 days during June/July
1989.
62 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
A general statistical procedure for ground-water detection
monitoring at waste disposal facilities.
Gibbons, R.D.
Dublin, Ohio : Water Well Journal Publishers; 1990 Mar.
Ground water v. 28 (2): p. 235-243; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Water pollution; Waste disposal
sites; Detection; Monitoring; Wells; Statistical methods
63 NAL Call. No.: TD428.A86G64
Geostatistical, sensitivity, and uncertainty methods for
ground-water flow and radionuclide transport modeling.
Buxton, Bruce E.,
United States, Dept. of Energy, Atomic Energy of Canada
Limited DOE/AECL '87 Conference on Geostatistical,
Sensitivity, and Uncertainty Methods for Ground-Water Flow and
Radionuclide Transport Modeling 1987 : San Francisco, Calif.
Columbus, OH : Battelle Press,; 1989.
x, 670 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Papers presented at the DOE/AECL
'87 Conference on Geostatistical, Sensitivity, and Uncertainty
Methods for Ground-Water Flow and Radionuclide Transport
Modeling held in San Francisco, on Sept. 15-17, 1987. Includes
bibliographies and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nuclear power plants; Waste disposal;
Environmental aspects; Mathematical models; Congresses;
Radioactive pollution of water; Mathematical models;
Congresses; Water, Underground; Pollution; Mathematical
models; Congresses; Groundwater flow; Statistical methods;
Congresses
64 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Geostatistics for sampling designs and analysis.
Gutjahr, A.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
48-90; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticide residues; Groundwater; Water pollution;
Sampling; Statistical analysis
Abstract: Spatial variability and its affect on groundwater
flow and transport is an active research field. The
characterization of that spatial (and possible temporal)
variability can often be done effectively by using
geostatistical techniques. The methods used and the
implications for designs and analysis of groundwater transport
and pollution problems will be discussed and illustrated.
Discussion will include the incorporation of soft-data and
their utility.
65 NAL Call. No.: TD196.P38L66
Global monitoring of organochlorine insecticides: an 11-year
case study (1975-1985) of HCHs and DDTs in the open ocean
atmosphere and hydrosphere. Tatsukawa, R.; Yamaguchi, Y.;
Kawano, M.; Kannan, N.; Tanabe, S. Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis
Publishers; 1990.
Long range transport of pesticides / David A. Kurtz, editor.
p. 127-141; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ddt; Hch; Air pollutants; Case studies; Chemical
analysis; Marine areas; Monitoring; Sampling; Spatial
distribution; Water pollution
66 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Groundwater quality assessment through cooperative private
well testing: an Ohio example.
Baker, D.B.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1990 Mar. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 45 (2): p.
230-235. ill., maps; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Groundwater; Water quality; Wells; Sampling
67 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45 no.465
Groundwater residue sampling design.
Nash, Ralph G.,_1930-; Leslie, Anne R.,
American Chemical Society, Division of Agrochemicals, American
Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry,
American Chemical Society, Meeting_1990 :_Boston, Mass.)
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society,; 1991.
xii, 395 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. (ACS symposium series, 465).
Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Divisions of
Agrochemicals and of Environmental Chemistry at the 199th
National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston,
Massachusetts, April 22-27, 1990. Includes bibliographical
references and indexes.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agricultural chemicals; Water, Underground; Soil
pollution
68 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Groundwater residue sampling: overview of the approach taken
by government agencies.
Nash, R.G.; Helling, C.S.; Ragone, S.E.; Leslie, A.R.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
1-13; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticide residues; Groundwater; Water pollution;
Sampling; Nitrogen
Abstract: Recognition that nitrogen applied as fertilizer may
reach groundwater has been known for two to three decades. It
is only in the past decade that evidence has become available
suggesting pesticides may leach to groundwater, also. The
evidence, though mostly anecdotal, has raised the nation's
awareness of the potential for contamination of our water
resources, the need to ascertain the extent of the problem,
and ways to prevent it. Because of the complexity of natural
systems, an interdisciplinary study approach is needed to
provide information for cost-effective solutions to the
problem.
69 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Groundwater-sampling network to study agrochemical effects on
water quality in the unconfined aquifer: southeastern
Delaware.
Denver, J.M.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
139-149; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Delaware; Groundwater; Agricultural chemicals;
Water quality; Sampling
Abstract: Understanding local and regional groundwater-flow
patterns was necessary to design a sampling network to study
the movement and distribution of agrochemicals in the
unconfined aquifer in southeastern Delaware. Clusters of wells
completed at various depths were installed in the expected
direction of local groundwater flow along a transect from the
center of a 100-ha cultivated field toward a nearby stream.
Contrary to expectations, groundwater flow in the study area
is almost parallel to the stream, in the direction of regional
flow. Consequently, agrochemicals from the site migrate along
flow paths from source (recharge) areas to distant regional
discharge areas and do not significantly influence the water
quality in the stream. The sampling network was expanded
upgradient and downgradient from the original site during a
second phase of the study. The expanded network provided
better understanding of agrochemical distribution relative to
regional groundwater-flow patterns.
70 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
High performance liquid chromatographic separation of fish
biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites.
Deshpande, A.D.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1989 Nov.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 18
(6): p. 900-907. maps; 1989 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Pollutants; Aromatic
hydrocarbons; Metabolites; Toxicity; Fish; Biliary system;
Analytical methods; Liquid chromatography
71 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N3C66
How to test your well water and understanding the results.
Hammond, B.; Lewis, S.R.; Johnson, W.S.; Spoon, E.
Reno, Nev. : The College; 1992.
Fact sheet - College of Agriculture, University of Nevada-
Reno, Nevada Cooperative Extension (92-17): 6 p.; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wells; Water quality; Standards; Tests; Sampling
72 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
A hydride generation atomic absorption technique for arsenic
speciation. Masscheleyn, P.H.; Delaune, R.D.; Patrick, W.H. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (1): p. 96-100; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Arsenic; Analytical methods; Atomic
absorption spectrophotometry; Contaminants; River water;
Sediment; Soil pollution; Soil testing; Water pollution
Abstract: Based on an investigation of hydride generation
responses in solutions of various acidities containing
nanogram quantities of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [AS(V)],
monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA)
a sensitive analytical method for the accurate determination
of inorganic and organic As species in aqueous solutions was
developed. After a pH-selective reduction, the arsenic species
were condensed in a U-tube filled with a gas chromatographic
packing immersed in liquid N2. The species were then separated
by slow warming of the trap and measured with an atomic
absorption spectrophotometer. The arsines from inorganic As
(III) were selectively generated from a solution buffered at a
pH of 6.0. The solution of then further acidified to a pH
corresponding to 2 M HCl and analyzed for As(V). A second
sample aliquot, buffered at pH 1.5 with oxalic acid, was used
for the quantitative determination of [As(III)+As(V)], MMAA
and DMAA.
73 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Imhoff cone determination of sediment in irrigation runoff.
Sojka, R.E.; Carter, D.L.; Brown, M.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (3): p. 884-890;
1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigated soils; Furrow irrigation; Water
erosion; Soil; Losses from soil; Runoff; Sediment;
Measurement; Analytical methods; Evaluation
Abstract: There is a need to rapidly quantify erosion from
irrigated farmland. The prevailing method consists of
collecting runoff samples, then filtering, drying and weighing
them to determine sediment concentration. Labor cost and slow
data availability prompted development of a faster, less
expensive technique. Sediment settling volume in a graduated
vessel was expected to correlate well with total mass of
suspended sediment. Eight soils varying in texture,
mineralogy, and organic-matter content were sampled,
fragmented, and air dried. A series of 1-L suspensions was
prepared with sediment concentrations from 1 to 30 g L-1.
Samples were either hand shaken for 30 s or mechanically
blended for 60 s. Suspensions were decanted into graduated
Imhoff cones and allowed to settle for 0.5 h (1800 s). The
series was repented three times for each soil. Settling volume
was regressed against sediment concentration (total sediment,
g L-1). Field calibrations for two soils were developed from
furrow runoff samples. Laboratory regressions had a mean r2 of
0.99. Field regressions of two soils had r2 of 0.94 or higher.
Cone design did not permit accurate volume estimates o( the
first 1 mL, causing slopes and intercepts to very among field
regressions for sediment concentrations < 1.0 g L-1. These
samples, however, represent negligible erosion, and therefore
have little value. Slope and intercept of field regressions
corresponded closely to 30-s-shaken laboratory regressions but
different statistically at P less than or equal to 0.05. The
technique provided a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate. rate
suspended-sediment determination in the field for
concentrations > 1.0 g L-1. Several settling-volume
predictions based on textural components and organic-matter
content had r2 > 0.60. Laboratory 30-s hand-shaken
calibrations may be adequate for diagnostic purposes, but
individual field calibrations should be performed for research
purposes.
74 NAL Call. No.: TD426.J68
Importance of closely spaced vertical sampling in delineating
chemical and microbiological gradients in groundwater studies.
Smith, R.L.; Harvey, R.W.; LeBlanc, D.R.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Feb.
Journal of contaminant hydrology v. 7 (3): p. 285-300. ill.,
maps; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Massachusetts; Groundwater pollution; Aquifers;
Pollutants; Bacteria; Nitrates; Organic compounds; Profiles;
Hydraulic conductivity; Movement in soil; Vertical movement;
Samples; Collection; Gradients
75 NAL Call. No.: HC79.P55J6
Integrating fishery and water resource management: a
biological model of a California salmon fishery.
Fisher, A.C.; Hanemann, W.M.; Keeler, A.G.
Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 May.
Journal of environmental economics and management v. 20 (3):
p. 234-261; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Salmon; Fishery management; Water
resources; Water management; Water flow; Hatcheries;
Regulations; Water quality; Fresh water; Deltas; Dynamic
models; Populations; Trends; Simulation; Quantitative analysis
76 NAL Call. No.: S583.A7
Interlaboratory study on the analysis of chlorobiphenyl
congeners. Boer, J. de; Duinker, J.C.; Calder, J.A.; Meer, J
van der Arlington, VA : AOAC International; 1992 Nov.
Journal of AOAC International v. 75 (6): p. 1054-1062; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Marine fouling; Polychlorinated
biphenyls; Residues; Determination; Contamination; Sediment;
Marine areas; Seals; Animal fat; Analytical methods
77 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Iowa statewide rural well water survey.
Stoltenberg, D.; Vaughan, M.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1990 Oct.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(1396): 4 p.; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Groundwater; Wells; Water quality;
Sampling; Contaminants; Pesticides; Coliform bacteria
78 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
IQ and lead exposure: analytic issues arising in the water
lead and gasoline lead standards.
Pitcher, H.M.
Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1989
May. American journal of agricultural economics v. 71 (2): p.
475-479; 1989 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water composition and quality; Petroleum;
Lead poisoning; Intelligence; Health hazards; Environmental
pollution; Dosage effect; Analytical methods; Quality
standards
79 NAL Call. No.: TD426.J68
Laboratory and field measurements of non-equilibrium transport
in the Borden aquifer, Ontario, Canada.
Ptacek, C.J.; Gillham, R.W.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Jul.
Journal of contaminant hydrology v. 10 (2): p. 119-158; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Aquifers; Groundwater pollution;
Halogenated hydrocarbons; Prediction; Laboratory methods;
Sorption; Equilibration; Field experimentation; Equations
80 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Laboratory and numerical investigations of immiscible
multiphase flow in soil. Host-Madsen, J.; Jensen, K.H.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul.
Journal of hydrology v. 135 (1/4): p. 13-52; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution; Petroleum;
Flow; Hydraulics; Laboratory tests; Simulation models;
Mathematical models; Quantitative analysis
Abstract: Immiscible multiphase flow in porous media is
investigated by laboratory experiments and numerical
simulations. The hydraulic parameters used in mathematical
models for multiphase flow are determined experimentally, and
the interrelations between the individual parameters are
analysed. The experimental data support the applicability of
analytical closed-form expressions for the constitutive
relations, and a scaling procedure is verified in which the
interfacial tensions are used to derive scaling factors. These
simplifications in the parameter requirements are very
valuable from an engineering point of view. A two-dimensional
plexiglass flume is used for studying the flow of lighter-
than-water, non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) in sandy porous
media. The migration of the LNAPL is observed both in the
unsaturated zone and in the saturated zone at the bottom of
the flume. A dual-gamma attenuation system is used for
measuring the phase saturations of organic fluid, water, and
air simultaneously without disturbing the flow. This permits a
two-dimensional quantitative determination of the LNAPL plume
in contrast to many earlier qualitative studies. A black oil
reservoir model is used to simulate immiscible multiphase
flow. By using the parameter estimation methods presented for
establishing the constitutive relations, the model is applied
to the simulation of the laboratory experiments. The
experimental and numerical results compare reasonably well,
thus supporting the adopted model formulation.
81 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Leaching of nitrate from monolith lysimeters of different
types of agricultural soils.
Bergstrom, L.; Johansson, R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (4): p. 801-807; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nitrate; Leaching; Drainage; Nitrate fertilizers;
Lysimeters; Lysimetry; Soil organic matter; Agricultural
soils; Peat soils; Clay soils; Sandy loam soils; Sandy soils;
Loam soils; Monolith sampling; Leachates; Hordeum vulgare
Abstract: Nitrate leaching was measured in field lysimeters
containing undisturbed soils of different texture and organic
matter content. Spring barley (Hordeum distichum L.) was sown
on each lysimeter and fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1. Each soil
type received supplementary watering to simulate either
"average" or "worst-case" precipitation. The largest leaching
losses of NO3-, ca. 65 kg N ha-1 yr-1, occurred in a sandy
soil that contained little organic matter and in a peat soil.
Two loamy soils lost between 25 and 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1.
Smallest leaching losses, ca. 20 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or less,
occurred in a clay soil and another sandy soil rich in organic
matter. With the exception of the clay and peat soils, the
watering treatment did not significantly affect the amounts of
NO3- leached, although the temporal distribution of leaching
was clearly influenced by weather conditions. The difference
in leaching between the two sandy soils was explained by
differences in crop growth, whereas leaching differences
between soil types were mainly considered to be due to
different textural and structural properties. The results show
that to make a thorough comparison of NO3-leaching between
different soil types they have to be tested simultaneously at
the same site.
82 NAL Call. No.: QH540.I52
A liquid membrane enrichment technique for integrating field
sampling in water applied to MCPA.
Mathiasson, L.; Nilve, G.; Ulen, B.
Reading: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers; 1991.
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry v.
45 (2): p. 117-125; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mcpa; Herbicide residues; Water pollution;
Analytical methods; Sampling; Liquid chromatography
83 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Macropore characterization for two tillage systems using
resin-impregnation technique.
Singh, P.; Kanwar, R.S.; Thompson, M.L.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1674-1679; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Loam soils; No-tillage; Tillage; Continuous
cropping; Zea mays; Macropores; Soil micromorphology;
Characterization; Laboratory methods; Imagery; Polyesters;
Resins; Comparisons; Field experimentation; Solutes; Leaching;
Measurement; Porosity; Bulk density; Soil depth; Soil water
content; Soil water movement
Abstract: This study used resin impregnation and image
analysis to characterize macroporosity of a Nicollet loam soil
(fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) under no-tillage
and conventional tillage. Soil samples (7.5 by 5 by 5 cm) were
taken at each 5-cm depth interval to determine macroporosity
after conducting solute-leaching experiments on undisturbed
soil columns. These soil samples were impregnated with either
polyester or epoxy resin. Impregnated soil blocks were
sectioned in the middle and ground to a smooth finish.
Photographic slides were made of the horizontal faces and an
automatic image analyzer was used to calculate the percentage
of area occupied by macropores, and total perimeter, number,
and size-frequency distribution of macropores. Percentage of
area, perimeter, and number of macropores were not
statistically different for the two treatments. Macroporosity
data obtained from the samples did not support the
observations made in the solute-leaching studies on saturated
soil columns (i.e., a greater degree of preferential flow in
no-tillage columns) because the air-dried samples and the
saturated columns had different porosity characteristics and
because small, two-dimensional images were unable to sample
any less frequently occurring larger pores. Another source of
discrepancy between the results of the two studies may be
macropore continuity. Two-dimensional analysis of porosity
images does not provide a measure of pore continuity, which
can be a decisive factor in solute transport through soil
columns under different tillage systems. Results from the
resin-impregnation study were not consistent with the results
of a related field study. Inconsistency between the
macroporosity data of these two studies were attributed to:
the difference in minimum cut-off diameter of macropores in
the two studies, the difference in sample size, and the
difference in moisture status of the field and lab samples.
84 NAL Call. No.: S590.S652
Measures for runoff and erosion control on clayey soils: a
review of trails carried out in the Apennines hilly area.
Chisci, G.
Cremlingen-Destedt, West Germany : CATENA-Verlag; 1989.
Soil technology series (1): p. 53-71; 1989. In the series
analytic: Soil erosion protection measures in Europe / edited
by U. Schwertmann, R.J. Rickson, and K. Auerswald. Proceedings
of the European Community Workshop on Soil Erosion Protection,
May 24-26, 1988, Freising, Germany. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Italy; Clay soils; Erosion control; Field tests;
Runoff
85 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
Metal concentrations and tissues distribution in larvae of
Chironomus with reference to X-ray microprobe analysis.
Krantzberg, G.; Stokes, P.M.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1990 Jan.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 19
(1): p. 84-93; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chironomus; Larvae; Water pollution; Metals;
Uptake; Chemical analysis; Analytical methods; Tissue
analysis; Distribution
86 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J823
A method for assessing the goodness of computer simulation of
soil processes. Whitmore, A.P.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Jun.
The Journal of soil science v. 42 (2): p. 289-299; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil testing; Bromide; Diffusion; Nitrate
nitrogen; Leaching; Movement in soil; Computer simulation;
Simulation models; Assessment; Evaluation; Statistical
analysis; Statistical data; Measurement; Variation;
Experimental design; Replication; Temporal variation;
Mathematics; Errors
Abstract: Any satisfactory computer simulation model of a
soil process must match actual behaviour in the laboratory or
field; a model can be evaluated by how well it does so. This
paper describes a method for assessing models using anion
diffusion and nitrate leaching as examples. The method
partitions the sum of squares of the differences between
measurement and simulation into two components, one calculated
from the differences between the simulation and the mean of
replicate measurements (the 'lack of fit'), and the other
calculated from the variance within each set of replicate
measurements (the 'pure error'). If the former is not
significantly larger than the latter than the data present no
grounds for rejecting the model. Where a model simulates the
change in a process with time the method can also take account
of how experimental error in the initial measurements affects
the goodness of fit of the simulation of subsequent
measurements. The method is particularly valuable where it is
difficult or costly to take many replicate measurements, such
as often happens in soil science or agriculture; nonetheless,
some replicates must be taken.
87 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
A method for the trace analysis of naptalam (N-1-
naphthylphthalamic acid) in water.
Wolfe, M.F.; Seiber, J.N.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992 Jul.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 23
(1): p. 137-141; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Naptalam; Herbicide residues;
Chemical analysis; Water; Sampling; Analytical methods
88 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
A method to secure, leach, and incubate undisturbed soil
cores. Myers, R.G.; Swallow, C.W.; Kissel, D.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1989 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 53 (2): p. 467-471.
ill; 1989 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Core sampling; Undisturbed sampling; Incubation;
Leaching; Laboratory methods; Field moisture conditions;
Nitrogen mineralization; Measurement; Accuracy; Apparatus
Abstract: Accurate N fertilizer recommendations depend upon
knowing the amount of soil organic N that is mineralized. A
promising method developed by Stanford and Smith (1972) to
predict N mineralized with disturbed soil samples allows for
adjustment in the mineralization rate due to field variations
in soil temperature and water. Recent work has indicated that
undisturbed soil cores could more closely represent the field
soil and its mineralization characteristics. Therefore, a
method was needed to secure undisturbed soil cores in a
container that would maintain their field integrity and allow
them to be incubated and leached periodically as per Stanford
and Smith's technique. The method utilizes a 6.3-cm i.d.
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compression coupler to hold an
undisturbed soil core. The undisturbed soil sampling device
consists of a lever and anchor system, which can put pressure
on a soil cutter and adjustment bar to force soil into the
coupler. After a soil core is obtained from the field, the
coupler is adapted so that the soil within can be leached,
equilibrated to a constant water potential, and incubated. In
extensive sampling of 19 soils that varied widely in clay and
organic C contents, samples could be obtained rapidly if soil
was near field capacity. This method of sampling and
incubation was relatively inexpensive and simple, and produced
data of cumulative N mineralized with time that could be fit
with a first-order kinetic model.
89 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Minimum cost sample allocation.
Mason, R.E.; Boland, J.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
91-107; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticide residues; Groundwater; Water pollution;
Statistical analysis; Models; Variance; Sampling
Abstract: A procedure for determining the minimum cost
allocation of samples subject to multiple variance constraints
is described. The procedure is illustrated using information
developed for the National Pesticide Survey conducted by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency.
90 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.I8I35
Monitoring audience response to demonstration projects--
baseline reports: Des Moines County.
Padgitt, S.C.
Ames, Iowa : The Extension; 1990 Jun.
IFM - Iowa State University Extension (8): 29 p.; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Demonstration farms; Field tests;
Information; Effects; Conservation tillage; Farmers'
attitudes; Groundwater pollution; Water quality; Extension
education; Surveys
91 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
Multivariate geostatistical analysis of ground-water
contamination: a case history.
Istok, J.D.; Smyth, J.D.; Flint, A.L.
Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Pub. Co; 1993 Jan.
Ground water v. 31 (1): p. 63-74; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Groundwater pollution; Pesticide
residues; Nitrates; Aquifers; Water; Sampling; Multivariate
analysis
92 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
New Zealand's national water quality monitoring network--
design and first year's operation.
Smith, D.G.; McBride, G.B.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1990 Oct. Water resources bulletin v. 26 (5): p. 767-775.
maps; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Zealand; Surface water; Water quality;
Monitoring; Sampling; Data collection; Data analysis
Abstract: The design and implementation of a national surface
water quality monitoring network for New Zealand are
described. Some of the lessons learned from the first year of
operation are also addressed. Underpinning the design, and
specified in advance, are the goal and objectives, the data
quality assurance system, and the mechanism for data
interpretation and reporting. Because of the difficulties
associated with the use of a multitude of different agencies,
only one agency is involved in field work and one laboratory
undertakes the analysis. Staff training has been given a high
priority. The network has been designed to give good trend
detectability for regular sampling over a 5-10 year period.
93 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
Paritcle beam/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of
national pesticide survey analytes.
Miles, C.J.; Doerge, D.R.; Bajic, S.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992 Feb.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 22
(2): p. 247-251; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Groundwater pollution; Pesticides;
Surveys; Environmental protection; Public agencies; Analytical
methods
94 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Participation in the CRP: implications of the New York
experience. Force, D.; Bills, N.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1989 Sep. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 44 (5): p.
512-516; 1989 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Soil conservation; Water conservation;
Regression analysis; Flexibility; Water quality
95 NAL Call. No.: QP501.P72
Pesticides in ground water: conduct of field research studies.
Jones, R.L.
Chichester, W. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1990.
Progress in pesticide biochemistry and toxicology v. 7: p.
827-46; 1990. In the series analytic: Environmental fate of
pesticides / edited by D.H. Hutson and T.R. Roberts. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticides; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution;
Soil pollution; Movement in soil; Degradation; Monitoring;
Sampling; Soil analysis
96 NAL Call. No.: TD201.A72
The phosphate load of the river Rhine 1975-1986.
De Jong, A.L.; De Oude, N.T.; Smits, A.H.; Volz, J.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Jun.
Aqua v. 38 (3): p. 176-188. maps; 1989 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Netherlands; Rivers; Phosphates; Water pollution;
Detergents; Water composition and quality; Estimates;
Statistical analysis
97 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Population structuring of near infrared spectra and modified
partial least squares regression.
Shenk, J.S.; Westerhaus, M.O.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Nov.
Crop science v. 31 (6): p. 1548-1555; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agricultural products; Quality; Maize; Wheat;
Barley; Hay; Haylage; Spectral analysis; Infrared
spectroscopy; Representative sampling; Variation; Spectral
data; Calibration; Computer software; Regression analysis;
Frequency distribution; Prediction
Abstract: The computer programs CENTER and SELECT have been
presented as a way to establish population boundaries and
choose samples for near infrared calibrations. This study was
conducted to evaluate calibrations derived on samples chosen
by CENTER and SELECT from broad groups of hay, haylage, corn
(Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.) samples. Population boundaries were
established with a maximum standardized H distance from the
average spectrum of 3.0. Every fifth sample was reserved for
equation validation. Calibration samples were selected with a
minimum standardized H distance between samples of 0.6. Forage
samples were found to have more diverse spectra and chemistry
than grain samples. Average r2 values were smaller, numbers of
eigenvectors were larger, and standard deviations of
laboratory reference values were larger for forages than for
grains. The standard error of performance (SEP) for all
samples and SEP for samples chosen by SELECT with a limit of
0.6 were similar for four of five products. Calibrations were
developed using five different math treatments with and
without multiplicative scatter correction (De-trend). First
derivative was the best math treatment for protein in all
products. Second derivative was best for acid-detergent fiber
(ADF) in forage products, but no single math treatment was
superior for ADF in grain products. De-trend improved SEP in
28 of 50 calibrations.
98 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J61
Potential interferences in the analysis of atrazine and
deethylatrazine in soil and water.
Koskinen, W.C.; Otto, J.M.; Jarvis, L.J.; Dowdy, R.H.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992 Jun.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part B :
Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes v. 27
(3): p. 255-268; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Herbicide residues; Atrazine; Prynachlor; Soil
pollution; Water pollution; Chemical analysis; Analytical
methods; Interference
99 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Potential sampling error: trace metal adsorption on vacuum
porous cup samplers.
McGuire, P.E.; Lowery, B.; Helmke, P.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (1): p. 74-82;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil water; Soil solution; Sampling; Errors;
Adsorption; Desorption; Cadmium; Cobalt; Chromium; Zinc; Ions;
Samplers; Ceramics; Glass; Stainless steel; Ph; Cleaning;
Volume; Duration; Groundwater pollution; Monitoring
Abstract: The adsorption of trace metals on ceramic,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon), fritted glass, and
stainless steel vacuum pore-water samplers and silica packing
material used to seat samplers was evaluated with respect to
potential sampling errors. A solution containing radio-labeled
Cd+2, Co+2, Cr+3 and Zn+2 and a mix of ions typically found in
soil solutions was used to assess specific absorption of
inorganics to porous cups of samplers and to silica. Four sets
of samplers were cleaned with acid or water and then treated
with a solution containing trace metals at concentrations near
primary or secondary drinking-water standards or one order of
magnitude lower for 2 or 7 d. After treatment, the samplers
were rinsed with 10 or 30 pore volumes (PV) of simulated soil
solution and radioassayed. Duplicate silica samples were
treated with the high-trace-metal solution adjusted to a pH of
4, 6, or 8 for a 5-d period, rinsed with simulated soil
solution, and radioassayed. Adsorption was greatest on
samplers treated with high trace-metal concentrations and
samplers cleaned with water. Desorption of both Co and Zn
occurred with the 30-PV soil solution rinse for all sampler
types except stainless steel. The general pattern of metal
adsorption on samplers was ceramic > stainless steel > >
fritted glass = PTFE. The general order that trace metal
adsorbed to samplers and silica was Zn > > Co > Cr > Cd. At pH
values of 6 to 8, trace-metal adsorption on silica (mass of
adsorbent/mass of adsorbate) was similar to or greater than
that observed for ceramic samplers. This study shows that
adsorption-desorption processes can cause sampling error when
analysis of trace metals at microgram-per-liter concentration
levels is necessary.
100 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E29
Prediction of heavy metal behavior in soil by means of simple
field tests. Blume, H.P.; Brummer, G.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Oct.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety v. 22 (2): p. 164-174;
1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Heavy metals;
Metal ions; Sorption; Soil ph; Redox potential; Soil organic
matter; Soil texture; Iron oxides; Infiltration; Groundwater
pollution
101 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Problems and methods involved in relating land use to ground-
water quality. Barringer, T.; Dunn, D.; Battaglin, W.;
Vowinkel, E.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1990 Feb. Water resources bulletin v. 26 (1): p. 1-9. ill.,
maps; 1990 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Water composition and
quality; Land use; Organic compounds; Statistical analysis;
Spatial equilibrium analysis
102 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Problems of irrigation with polluted waters in greenhouses.
Azpiazu, M.N.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1989 Sep. Acta horticulturae (246): p. 97-104; 1989 Sep.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Protected
Cultivation of Ornamentals in Mild Winter Climates," October
18-21, 1988, Tenerife (Canary Islands), Spain. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Greenhouse crops; Irrigation water; Water
pollution; Heavy metals; Uptake; Nutrient uptake; Laboratory
methods
103 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
The properties of various statistical prediction intervals for
ground-water detection monitoring.
Gibbons, R.D.; Baker, J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part A :
Environmental science and engineering v. 26 (4): p. 535-553;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Detection; Monitoring;
Prediction; Statistical methods; Simulation
104 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Protecting our water quality with effective soil sampling.
Miller, G.; Zahn, D.R.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991 Jul.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(1428c): 4 p.; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil analysis; Sampling; Fertilizers; Water
quality
105 NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1
Quantification of alachlor in water by a novel magnetic
particle-based ELISA. Lawruk, T.S.; Hottenstein, C.S.; Herzog,
D.P.; Rubio, F.M. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992 May.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 48
(5): p. 643-650; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alachlor; Herbicide residues; Groundwater; Water
quality; Testing; Magnetic separation; Elisa; Quantitative
analysis
106 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 AN72
Quantifying pesticide behavior in soil.
Wagenet, R.J.; Hutson, J.L.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1990.
Annual review of phytopathology v. 28: p. 295-319; 1990.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticides; Quantitative analysis; Simulation
models; Mathematical models; Leaching; Movement in soil;
Pesticide residues; Transformation; Degradation;
Volatilization; Literature reviews
107 NAL Call. No.: 475 J824
Quantitative analysis of total resin acids by high-performance
liquid chromatography of their coumarin ester derivatives.
Richardson, D.E.; Bremner, J.B.; O'Grady, B.V.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992 Mar20.
Journal of chromatography v. 595 (1/2): p. 155-162; 1992
Mar20. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Resin acids; Pulping; Pulp mill effluent; Water
pollution; Determination; Hplc
108 NAL Call. No.: QK900.J67
A quantitative study of vegetation--environment relationships
in two Egyptian deserts.
Dargie, T.C.D.; El Demerdash, M.A.
Knivsta, Sweden : Opulus Press; 1991 Feb.
Journal of vegetation science v. 2 (1): p. 3-10. maps; 1991
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Egypt; Desert plants; Coastal plains; Ecosystems;
Environmental factors; Site factors; Water quality
109 NAL Call. No.: QE1.E5
Radionuclide partitioning across Great Lakes natural
interfaces. Platford, R.F.; Joshi, S.R.
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1989 Nov.
Environmental geology and water sciences v. 14 (3): p.
183-186; 1989 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; U.S.A.; Water pollution; Lakes;
Radionuclides; Sampling; Radiation; Interface phenomena
110 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Regional and targeted groundwater quality networks in the
Delmarva Peninsula. Koterba, M.T.; Shedlock, R.J.; Bachman,
L.J.; Phillips, P.J. Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
110-138; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; Groundwater; Water
quality; Sampling
Abstract: A multi-network monitoring and quality-assurance
program was designed to assess the occurrence and distribution
of selected pesticides and nutrients in groundwater in the
Delmarva Peninsula in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. As
part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality
Assessment (NAWQA) Program, four interrelated networks were
established with wells distributed regionally across the
peninsula and locally in small watersheds. Data from these
networks are being used to assess groundwater quality relative
to differences in soil, land use, geomorphology, physiography,
and hydrogeology at regional and local scales. An accompanying
quality-assurance program was designed to help ensure accurate
data and determine whether differences in water quality among
network samples result from changes in hydrologic setting or
are from sampling design.
111 NAL Call. No.: QD241.T6
Regression models for some solute distribution equilibria in
the terrestrial environment.
Noegrohati, S.; Hammers, W.E.
Reading : Gordon and Breach Science Publishers; 1992.
Toxicological and environmental chemistry v. 34 (2/4): p.
175-185; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Organochlorine insecticides; Soil; Sorption;
Solvents; Leaching; Regression analysis
Abstract: Sorption coefficients (K(p)) of several
organochlorine insecticides (OCs) in volcanic ash silt from
Central Java are presented. Selected experimental and
estimated octanol-water partition coefficient (P) values are
used to study log-log regressions with K(p) data collected
from the literature (PAHs, chlorophenols, phenylureas, chloro-
s-triazines, carbamates and organophosphorus insecticides) and
those of the OCs determined in the present study. Leaching
distances and bioactivities in soil are correlated with the
K(p) values of the pesticides, and with the organic matter and
the water content of the soil.
112 NAL Call. No.: GB746.W33
Regularities of migration of trace elements in natural waters
of the arid zone by radioanalytical methods.
Isamatov, E.E.; Kulmatov, R.A.; Kist, A.A.
New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1989 May.
Water resources v. 15 (4): p. 372-378. ill., maps; 1989 May.
Translated from: Vodnye Resursy, (4), p. 103-109, July-August,
1988. (GB746.V55). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Uzbek ssr; Water pollution; River water;
Pollutants; Heavy metals; Trace elements; Arid zones;
Analytical methods
113 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Relations among NaOH-extractable phosphorus, suspended solids,
and ortho-phosphorus in streams of Wyoming.
Parker, M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (1): p. 271-278; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wyoming; Orthophosphates; Phosphorus; Particles;
Suspensions; Bioavailability; Eutrophication; River water;
Sampling; Sewage effluent; Streams; Water quality; Castor
Abstract: During 1984-1986, 369 water samples from seven
streams and a sewage treatment plant in Wyoming were analyzed
for NaOH-extractable P (NaOH-P; a possible index of
biologically available P), ortho-P (OP), and suspended solids
(SS). Regressions predicting NaOH-P were developed from data
on SS and OP, plus information on variability in time (year of
sampling), meteorology (volume discharge), nd presence/absence
of beaver (Castor sp.) dams. Scatter plots, ANOVA, and cluster
analyses indicated data could be aggregated into four groups
reflecting processes that differ among the eight stations
(e.g., relations among volume discharge, SS, and OP). These
groups are composed of one to three stations, and index a
component of spatial variability. Adjusted R2 and precision
(95% confidence limits for the mean) always tended to be poor
when OP was more influential in affecting NaOH-P than were SS
(R2 = 21-88%); only in some cases where SS were highly
influential were adjusted R2 and precision good. If data
presented are representative, then the best precision
obtainable from regressions will be about +/- 50% of the mean
value for NaOH-P. This value compares favorably with many
other techniques, so predicting NaOH-P from regressions should
be useful for some applications.
114 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
Reliability of heavy metal pollution monitoring utilizing
aquatic animals versus statistical evaluation methods.
Mastala, Z.; Balogh, K.V.; Salanki, J.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992 Nov.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 23
(4): p. 476-483; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hungary; Freshwater molluscs; Freshwater fishes;
Metals; Concentration; Water pollution; Monitoring;
Comparisons; Statistical methods; Analysis of variance;
Analysis of covariance
115 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
Sampling bias caused by materials used to monitor halocarbons
in groundwater. Reynolds, G.W.; Hoff, J.T.; Gillham, R.W.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1990 Jan.
Environmental science & technology v. 24 (1): p. 135-142; 1990
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Organic compounds;
Halogenated hydrocarbons; Sorption; Techniques; Sampling
116 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Sampling groundwater in a northeastern U.S. watershed.
Pionke, H.B.; Urban, J.B.; Gburek, W.J.; Rogowski, A.S.;
Schnabel, R.R. Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
222-241; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Northeastern states of U.S.A.; Groundwater;
Agricultural chemicals; Nitrates; Water pollution; Sampling;
Watersheds
Abstract: The sampling of groundwater, particularly for
nitrates, is examined in a flow system and watershed context.
A groundwater flow dominated watershed located in east-central
Pennsylvania provides an example and basis for this analysis.
Groundwater sampling is also viewed from a groundwater
recharge (percolate) and discharge (streamflow) perspective.
Some spatial and timing controls are described and examined in
terms of where and when to sample.
117 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Sampling unsaturated-zone water for trichloroethene at
Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey.
Smith, J.A.; Cho, H.J.; Jaffe, P.R.; MacLeod, C.L.; Koehnlein,
S.A. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (2): p. 264-271; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Bound
water; Soil pollution; Water pollution; Sampling; Lysimetry;
Lysimetric chromatography; Industrial sites
Abstract: A new method of collecting samples of unsaturated-
zone water for quantitative analysis for a volatile organic
compound, trichloroethene (TCE), was compared to three other,
previously described sampling methodologies in the laboratory
and in the field. In the laboratory, prepared water samples
containing TCE in a known concentration (20 micrograms/L) were
sampled repeatedly by using each of the four methods to
quantify method precision and accuracy. To compare the four
methods in the field, unsaturated-zone water above a TCE-
contaminated water-table aquifer was transferred from a depth
of 2 m to land surface with 0.15-m-long suction lysimeters
attached to 1.85-m lengths of stainless-steel tubing.
Statistical analyses of the laboratory and field data indicate
that the new method, which involves collecting the water
samples in gas-tight glass syringes, is superior to the other
three methods for the quantitative sampling and analysis of
TCE on the basis of its high precision and accuracy and ease
of use. This method was used to collect additional samples
from the field site to quantify the spatial variability of TCE
concentrations in the unsaturated-zone water. Results of
analysis of variance of the data indicate that the spatial
concentration variability is important, and that differences
in TCE concentration are statistically significant for
horizontal distances less than 3.6 m.
118 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Selection of flumes for small watershed instrumentation.
Yoder, D.C.; Monke, E.J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-2514):
12 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter
Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Watersheds; Chutes; Runoff
119 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Selection of methods for the detection and estimation of
trends in water quality.
Hirsch, R.M.; Alexander, R.B.; Smith, R.A.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1991 May.
Water resources research v. 27 (5): p. 803-813; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Streams; Water quality; Trends;
Statistical methods; Applications
Abstract: One result of increased scientific and public
interest in water quality over the past few decades has been
the gradual accumulation of reliable long-term water quality
data records and an interest in examining these data for long-
term trends. This paper summarizes and examines some of the
major issues and choices involved in detecting and estimating
the magnitude of temporal trends in measures of stream water
quality. The first issue is the type of trend hypothesis to
examine: step trends versus monotonic trend. The second
relates to the general category of statistical methods to
employ: parametric versus nonparametric. The third issue
relates to the kind of data to analyze: concentration data
versus flux data. The fourth relates to issues of data
manipulation to achieve the best results from the trend
analysis. These issues include the use of mathematical
transformations of the data and the removal of natural sources
of variability in water quality due to seasonal and stream
discharge variations. The final issue relates to the choice of
a trend technique for the analysis of data records with
censored or "less than" values. The authors' experiences
during the past decade with the development of several trend
detection techniques and application of these techniques to a
large number of water quality records provide insight into the
issues related to a choice of a statistical test for trend in
water quality.
120 NAL Call. No.: QH344.N87
Sequential stemflow sampling for estimation of dry deposition
and crown leaching in beech stands.
Kazda, M.
New York : Elsevier Applied Science; 1990.
Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems : field methods,
applications, and interpretation / edited by A.F. Harrison, P.
Ineson, and D.W. Heal. p. 46-55; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Austria; Fagus sylvatica; Canopy; Stemflow;
Precipitation; Nutrients; Concentration; Deposition; Crown;
Leaching; Models
121 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Shallow groundwater and surface runoff instrumentation for
small watersheds. Cullum, R.F.; Schreiber, J.D.; Smith, S. Jr;
Grissinger, E.H. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Jul. Applied engineering in
agriculture v. 8 (4): p. 449-453; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Watersheds; Groundwater pollution;
Groundwater; Runoff; Water quality; Instrumentation;
Quantitative analysis; Pesticides; Nitrate; No-tillage;
Minimum tillage; Tillage
Abstract: An acquisition system was constructed to sample and
quantify surface runoff and shallow groundwater. The main
components of the system for shallow groundwater included
hydrologically isolated erosion plots with subsurface drains
(installed via horizontal drilling), outlets into sumps,
tipping buckets mounted under drain outlets, composite water
samplers, and a series of sampling piezometers ranging from
0.3- to 6.1-m (1- to 20-ft) depths positioned in one row of
each main plot. The main components of the system for surface
runoff from standardized erosion plots cropped to corn were
appropriately sized collectors, approaches, H-flumes equipped
with portable liquid-level recorders, runoff splitters,
dataloggers, and composite water samplers. The dataloggers
recorded rainfall and runoff every minute and groundwater
discharge volume every 15 minutes during storm events. Water
samplers were activated by the dataloggers when the cumulative
discharge volumes equaled or exceeded a preset condition.
Derived variables from surface runoff were incremental
discharge rate, cumulative discharge volume, sediment loads,
and water quality. Groundwater incremental discharge and total
discharge volumes were recorded and the composite of the
weighted-discharge samples were analyzed for specific
chemicals introduced as fertilizer or pesticides. Depth of
free water within each piezometer after major storm events was
monitored to determine water movement in the root and vadose
zones.
122 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
Simulating the degradation of TCE under methanogenesis.
Baek, N.H.; Jaffe, P.R.; Shingal, N.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part A :
Environmental science and engineering v. 25 (8): p. 987-1005;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Organic compounds;
Biodegradation; Bacteria; Degradation; Kinetics; Methane
production; Laboratory methods; Simulation; Techniques;
Aquifers
123 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Soil sampling and nutrient variability in dairy animal holding
areas. Anderson, D.L.; Hanlon, E.A.; Miller, O.P.; Hoge, V.R.;
Diaz, O.A. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Apr.
Soil science v. 153 (4): p. 314-321; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Spodosols; Sandy soils; Surface layers;
Soil testing; Sampling; Assessment; Nutrient content;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Aluminum; Iron; Sodium; Soil
organic matter; Soil ph; Soil variability; Spatial variation;
Nutrient availability; Nutrient retention; Movement in soil;
Spodic horizons; Dairy wastes; Population density; Topography;
Water pollution
124 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Soil-pan method for studying pesticide dissipation on soil.
Hill, B.D.; Inaba, D.J.; Schaalje, G.B.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
358-366; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pesticide residues; Water pollution; Soil;
Sampling
Abstract: To predict the amount of pesticide that could leach
through the soil and contaminate groundwater requires
information about the residue levels at the soil surface over
time. A soil-pan method has been developed to estimate surface
residues and their dissipation rates. An indoor spray chamber
is used to apply the pesticide to soil contained in metal
flats, the treated flats are moved outdoors and set into a
field, and the soil is sampled over the season by taking four
cores per flat. Using this method, it was determined that the
emulsifiable concentrate formulation of deltamethrin
dissipated faster than the Flowable formulation. When the
soil-pan method was compared with a field-plot method, the
dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin was faster in the soil pans.
Monitoring the soil temperature and moisture indicated that
both were slightly higher in the soil pans than in the
adjacent field plots. At present, the soil-pan method is best
suited for the direct comparison of different treatments.
125 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E58
Solid-phase extraction of carbaryl and malathion from pond and
well water. Beyers, D.W.; Carlson, C.A.; Tessari, J.D.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry v. 10 (11): p.
1425-1429; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Carbaryl; Malathion; Water pollution; Insecticide
residues; Analytical methods; Extraction; Ponds; Wells
126 NAL Call. No.: 381 AS7
Solid-phase extraction of carbofuran, atrazine, simazine,
alachlor, and cyanazine from shallow well water.
Nash, R.G.
Arlington, Va. : The Association; 1990 May.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists v.
73 (3): p. 438-442; 1990 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wells; Drinking water; Water pollution; Atrazine;
Carbofuran; Alachlor; Cyanazine; Simazine; Analytical methods;
Sample pretreatment; Extraction
127 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E58
Statisical treatment of data from microbial toxicity tests.
Nyholm, N.; Sorensen, P.S.; Kusk, K.O.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry v. 11 (2): p. 157-167;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phytoplankton; Scenedesmus; Chlorophyta; Toxic
substances; Pollutants; Phytotoxicity; Testing; Tests;
Regression analysis; Water pollution
128 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Statistical analysis of spatial variability in unsaturated
flow parameters. Russo, D.; Bouton, M.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Jul.
Water resources research v. 28 (7): p. 1911-1925; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sandy loam soils; Unsaturated flow; Leaching;
Soil properties; Hydraulic conductivity; Soil water retention;
Spatial variation; Stochastic models; Statistical analysis;
Autocorrelation; Prediction
Abstract: Core scale estimates of soil parameters of the
Gardner-Russo and van Genuchten models of the hydraulic
conductivity and water retention functions were obtained for
417 undisturbed soil cores taken from a wall of a trench (20 m
long, 2.5 m deep), using a procedure based on inverse problem
methodology. These estimates were used to evaluate the first
two statistical moments of the underlying random space
functions (RSFs), using the restricted maximum likelihood
estimation procedure, coupled with the weighted least squares
procedure, to estimate parameters of models of the covariance
and the drift functions of the pertinent RSFs. The fitted
models were used to evaluate the mean and covariance functions
of the hydraulic conductivity and water retention functions
for given water saturations. Covariance functions of log-
saturated conductivity (log Ks) and the "shape" parameters of
the Gardner-Russo and van Genuchten models exhibited
statistical anisotropy characterized by aspect ratios that
vary between 3 to 4. Correlation scales of log Ks were larger
than those of the "shape" parameters. Consequently, the
product of the variance of log unsaturated conductivity and
its correlation scale remained essentially invariant for a
considerable range of water saturation. The implications of
these results regarding stochastic modeling of transport in
heterogeneous porous formations and possible applications of
the results of this study are discussed briefly.
129 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (EE)
Statistical evaluation of mechanistic water-quality models.
Reckhow, K.H.; Clements, J.T.; Dodd, R.C.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers,
Environmental Engineering Division; 1990 Mar.
Journal of environmental engineering v. 116 (2): p. 250-268;
1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Simulation models; Statistical
methods; Statistical analysis
130 NAL Call. No.: TD196.P38L66
Studies on the transport and fate of chlordane in the
environment. Puri, R.K.; Orazio, C.E.; Kapila, S.; Clevenger,
T.E.; Yanders, A.F.; McGrath, K.E.; Buchanan, A.C.; Czarnezki;
J; Bush, J.
Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis Publishers; 1990.
Long range transport of pesticides / David A. Kurtz, editor.
p. 271-289; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Chlordane; Freshwater fishes; Indicator
species; Insecticide residues; Leaching; Persistence; Rivers;
Sampling; Sediment; Soil pollution; Water pollution; Clay
soils; Sandy soils
131 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Study design to investigate and simulate agrochemical movement
and fate in groundwater recharge.
Asmussen, L.E.; Smith, C.N.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
150-164; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Groundwater; Agricultural chemicals;
Water quality; Water pollution; Sampling; Mathematical models
Abstract: The vulnerability of aquifers to contamination by
agrochemicals is relatively high in the southeastern Coastal
Plain. Transport and fate of agrochemicals in either the root,
unsaturated, or saturated zones can be simulated by existing
mathematical models. However, a linked mathematical model is
needed to simulate the movement and degradation from the point
of application through the unsaturated zone, and into
groundwater. The United States Geological Survey and
Agricultural Research Service initiated a cooperative
investigation in 1986. In 1988, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency joined the research
investigation. These agencies are sharing technical expertise
and resources to develop an understanding of physical,
chemical, and biological processes and to evaluate their
spatial and temporal variability; and to develop and validate
linked model(s) that would describe chemical transport and
fate. Study sites have been selected in the Fall Line Hills
district of the Coastal Plain province. The Claiborne aquifer
recharge area is located in this district near Plains,
Georgia. Instrumentation to measure water and chemical
transport has been installed.
132 NAL Call. No.: TD223.N36 1992
Synoptic survey of dairy farms in the Lake Okeechobee basin:
post-BMP water quality sampling.
Sawka, G.J.; Ritter, P.; Gunsalus, B.; Rompot, T.
Washington, DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1992.
Proceedings: the National RCWP Symposium : 10 years of
controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution : the RCWP
experience : Sept 13-17, 1992, Orlando, Florida. p. 393-400;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Water quality; Water management;
Phosphorus; Dairy farms
133 NAL Call. No.: S451.P4P45
Targeting pesticides.
Weidner, K.
University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University; 1989.
PennState agriculture. p. 12-14, 16-17. ill; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Pesticide residues; Monitoring;
Analytical methods; University research; Runoff; Environmental
pollution; Soil pollution; Water pollution
134 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Tension lysimeters for collecting soil percolate.
Angle, J.S.; McIntosh, M.S.; Hill, R.L.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
290-299; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Water pollution; Agricultural
chemicals; Lysimeters; Sampling; Soil water; Movement
Abstract: Tension lysimeters are widely used to sample soil
percolate. A vacuum is applied to the interior of a porous
ceramic cup and soil percolate is pulled into the cup and held
until collection. Many questions, however, exist as to the
proper use of lysimeters. Foremost among the questions is the
source of water which is pulled into the lysimeter. Lysimeters
generally collect larger volumes of percolate during peak flow
events when soil water is being retained at lower suctions,
and thus may not accurately estimate the magnitude of solute
losses. Problems also exist in the use of lysimeters to
measure specific pollutants. Many pesticides are volatile,
especially under reduced pressure, and concentrations are
likely to be underestimated using tension lysimeters. Nutrient
analysis of percolate collected with lysimeters is often
skewed due to adsorption or desorption of inorganic ions. An
additional problem exists with the analysis of resulting data.
Since sampling times are not randomized, usual assumptions for
analyses, such as independence of error, may not be valid.
Measurements are often lognormally distributed and thus
require transformation.
135 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E52
Throughfall below grassland canopies: a comparison of
conventional and ion exchange methods.
Dam, D. van; Heil, G.W.; Heijne, B.; Bobbink, R.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1991.
Environmental pollution v. 73 (2): p. 85-99; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Netherlands; Chalk grasslands; Canopy; Stemflow;
Throughfall; Ions; Methodology; Sampling; Ion exchange resins;
Foliar uptake; Nitrogen; Seasonal variation; Determination;
Comparisons
136 NAL Call. No.: S583.A7
Trace-level quantitative of sulfonylurea herbicides in natural
water. Thompson, D.G.; MacDonald, L.M.
Arlington, VA : AOAC International; 1992 Nov.
Journal of AOAC International v. 75 (6): p. 1084-1090; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sulfonylurea herbicides; Herbicide residues;
Water quality; Quantitative analysis; Analytical methods
137 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
Tracer test evaluation of a drainage ditch capture zone.
Chambers, L.W.; Bahr, J.M.
Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Pub. Co; 1992 Sep.
Ground water v. 30 (5): p. 667-675; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Groundwater pollution; Agricultural
chemicals; Spread; Prevention; Drainage; Ditches; Tracers;
Iodide; Bromide; Tests; Prediction; Capacity; Analytical
methods; Models; Movement in soil
138 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
A tractor mounted sampler for obtaining large soil columns.
Walker, D.S.; O'Dell, J.D.; Wolt, J.D.; Rhodes, G.N. Jr;
Graveel, J.G. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Oct.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 4 (4): p. 913-917; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil; Core sampling; Pesticide residues;
Leaching; Tractors; Hydraulic power systems
139 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Uncertainty analysis of runoff estimates from a runoff contour
map. Rochelle, B.P.; Stevens, D.L. Jr; Church, M.R.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1989 Jun. Water resources bulletin v. 25 (3): p. 491-498.
maps; 1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Watersheds; Runoff water; Mapping; Acid rain;
Water pollution; Uncertainties; Statistical analysis;
Estimates; Computer analysis; Surveys
140 NAL Call. No.: QH545.P4P4844
Use of solid-phase resins in pesticide monitoring.
Bittinger, J.A.; Bishop, J.W.
Blacksburg : Virginia Water Resources Research Center, VPI and
State University; 1989.
Pesticides in terrestrial and aquatic environments :
proceedings of a national research conference, May 11-12, 1989
/ edited by Diana L. Weigmann. p. 265-269; 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Atrazine; Monitoring; Pesticide residues; Resins;
Sampling; Water pollution
141 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Using graphic interfaces to present the results of erosion
models. Bingner, R.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (89-2022): 15 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the
1989 International Summer Meeting of the ASAE and the CSAE
held June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Erosion; Runoff; Sediment yield; Watersheds;
Simulation models; Computer graphics; Statistical analysis
142 NAL Call. No.: FU101F636c 1040
Water quality sampling and analysis instruments and
procedures. Taylor, L. A.; Izuno, Forrest T.; Bottcher, A. B.
Florida Cooperative Extension Service
Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of
Florida,; 1992.
[10] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Circular (Florida Cooperative
Extension Service) ; 1040.). Title from cover. October 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [10]).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Agricultural pollution; Water quality; Water;
Water quality management
143 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 F66C
Water quality sampling and analysis instruments and
procedures. Taylor, L.A.; Izuno, F.T.; Bottcher, A.B.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1992 Oct.
Circular - Florida Cooperative Extension Service (1040): 10
p.; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Sampling; Instruments; Ph;
Electrical conductivity; Hardness; Nitrogen; Phosphorus
144 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Water quality sampling program at low-level radioactive
groundwater contamination site: Wood River Junction, Rhode
Island.
Ryan, B.J.; Healy, D.F.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
242-254; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rhode Island; Groundwater; Water pollution;
Radioactive wastes; Sampling
145 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5
The way it was: analysis of organics in water in 1967.
Keith, L.H.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1991 Apr.
Environmental science & technology v. 25 (4): p. 564-565; 1991
Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water pollution; Pollutants; Organic
compounds; Research; Identification; Analytical methods
146 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Well installation and sampling procedures for monitoring
groundwater beneath agricultural fields.
Kirkland, S.D.; Jones, R.L.; Norris, F.A.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
214-221; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Agricultural chemicals; Water
pollution; Sampling; Wells
Abstract: The installation and sampling of monitoring wells
are important components of most studies of agricultural
chemicals in groundwater. For many agricultural chemicals,
requirements for well materials and sampling techniques can be
simplified compared to those often used in other types of
groundwater monitoring programs. These simplified techniques
allow for quicker reaction to events occurring in a study and
installation of wells in areas inaccessible to drilling
equipment, while reducing unnecessary expenses.
147 NAL Call. No.: 57.09 F41
Well sampling methods, costs, EPA protocols.
Huggins, B.
Glen Arm, Md. : Fertilizer Industry Round Table; 1989.
Proceedings of the annual meeting - Fertilizer Industry Round
Table (39th): p. 148-152; 1989. Meeting held October 31 -
November 2, 1989, Atlanta, Georgia.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wells; Water quality; Sampling; Costs;
Environmental legislation
148 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
Well-purging criteria for sampling purgeable organic
compounds. Gibs, J.; Imbrigiotta, T.E.
Dublin, Ohio : Water Well Journal Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Ground water v. 28 (1): p. 68-78; 1990 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Organic compounds;
Sampling; Wells; Aquifers; Water composition and quality;
Flushing
149 NAL Call. No.: TD367.S75
Wildland water quality sampling and analysis.
Stednick, John D.
San Diego : Academic Press,; 1991.
xii, 217 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Water chemistry
AUTHOR INDEX
Abdul, A.S. 24
Ahlfeld, D.P. 57
Al-Hadithi, S.A. 3
Alexander, R.B. 119
American Chemical Society, Division of Agrochemicals, American
Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry,
American Chemical Society, Meeting1990 :Boston, Mass.) 67
Anderson, D.L. 123
Angle, J.S. 134
Arthur, C.L. 4
Asmussen, L.E. 131
Azpiazu, M.N. 102
Bachman, L.J. 110
Baek, N.H. 122
Bahr, J.M. 137
Bajic, S. 93
Baker, D.B. 66
Baker, J. 103
Balkom, C.A.A. van 29
Ball, W.P. 12
Balogh, K.V. 114
Barbour, M.T. 49
Barringer, T. 101
Barry, T.A. 43
Barthel, R. 13
Battaglin, W. 101
Bautz, D. 31
Bayne, C.K. 27
Bergstrom, L. 81
Bernhardt, H. 54
Berthouex, P.M. 33
Beyers, D.W. 125
Bills, N. 94
Bingner, R.L. 141
Bischoff, J.H. 9
Bishop, J.W. 140
Bittinger, J.A. 140
Bjorneberg, D.L. 9
Blume, H.P. 100
Bobbink, R. 135
Boer, J. de 76
Boland, J. 89
Boll, J. 58
Bottcher, A. B. 142
Bottcher, A.B. 143
Bourrie, G. 23
Bouton, M. 128
Bradley, B.P. 49
Bremner, J.B. 107
Bricker, O.P. 1
Brouwer, H.J. 29
Brown, D.S. 21
Brown, G.A. 42
Brown, L.C. 35
Brown, M.J. 73
Brummer, G. 100
Buchanan, A.C. 130
Budde, W.L. 45
Buehler, C. 12
Burbach, M.E. 37
Buser, H.R. 44
Bush, J. 130
Bushway, R.J. 14
Buxton, Bruce E., 63
Calder, J.A. 76
Cancilla, D.A. 13
Capone, D.G. 7
Carey, J.H. 56
Carlson, C.A. 125
Carr, J.D. 11
Carter, D.L. 73
Chambers, L.W. 137
Chand, T. 61
Chieng, S.T. 41
Chisci, G. 84
Cho, H.J. 117
Chou, C.C. 13
Church, M.R. 139
Clasen, J. 54
Clements, J.T. 129
Clevenger, T.E. 130
Close, M.E. 39
Colorado Water Resources Research Institute 59
Contant, C.K. 48
Cook, Nevis E. 59
Cooper, C.M. 2
Crespi, M. 30
Cullen, S.J. 17
Cullum, R.F. 121
Curmi, P. 23
Czarnezki 130
D'Elia, C.F. 7
Dam, D. van 135
Dargie, T.C.D. 108
De Jong, A.L. 96
De Oude, N.T. 96
Delaune, R.D. 72
Denver, J.M. 69
Deshpande, A.D. 70
Diaz, O.A. 123
Dodd, R.C. 129
Doerge, D.R. 93
Dorrance, D.W. 17
Dowdy, R.H. 98
Duinker, J.C. 76
Duncan, D. 11
Dunn, D. 101
Eichelberger, J.W. 28
Ekholm, P. 52
El Demerdash, M.A. 108
Elder, L. 41
Elwell, H.A. 32
Everett, L.G. 17
Exner, M.E. 37
Farmer, W.J. 10
Ferguson, B.S. 14
Fisher, A.C. 75
Flint, A.L. 91
Florida Cooperative Extension Service 142
Flos, R. 30
Force, D. 94
Fox, R.H. Jr 47
Frebis, C.P. 6
Fukal, L. 14
Furnival, G.M. 22
Garretson, C.L. 43
Gburek, W.J. 116
Geerdink, R.B. 29
Genjatulin, K.V. 36
Geological Survey (U.S.) 19, 20
Geological Survey (U.S.), Northern Colorado Water Conservancy
District, United States, Bureau of Reclamation 5
Gibbons, R.D. 62, 103
Gibs, J. 42, 148
Gibson, T.L. 24
Gillham, R.W. 79, 115
Goh, K.S. 43
Goulder, R. 3
Graveel, J.G. 138
Graves, C.G. 49
Gregoire, T.G. 22
Grissinger, E.H. 121
Gunsalus, B. 132
Gutjahr, A. 64
Hammers, W.E. 111
Hammond, B. 71
Hanemann, W.M. 75
Hanlon, E.A. 123
Harmon, T.C. 12
Harrison, R.O. 14
Harvey, R.W. 74
Hau, I. 33
Hayashi, Y. 34
Healy, D.F. 144
Hee, S.S.Q. 13
Heijne, B. 135
Heil, G.W. 135
Helling, C.S. 68
Helmke, P.A. 99
Hernandez, J. 43
Herzog, D.P. 105
Hill, B.D. 124
Hill, R.L. 134
Hirsch, R.M. 119
Hites, R.A. 45
Ho, J.S. 28
Hoff, J.T. 115
Hoge, V.R. 123
Host-Madsen, J. 80
Hottenstein, C.S. 105
Hsu, J. 43
Huggins, B. 147
Hughes, S. 50
Huntzinger, Thomas L. 55
Hutson, J.L. 106
Ifft, T.H. 46
Imbrigiotta, T.E. 148
Inaba, D.J. 124
Isamatov, E.E. 112
Istok, J.D. 91
Izuno, F.T. 143
Izuno, Forrest T. 142
Jaffe, P.R. 117, 122
Jarvis, L.J. 98
Jelinski, J.C. 42
Jemison, J.M. Jr 47
Jenkins, R.A. 27
Jensen, K.H. 80
Johansson, R. 81
Johnson, J.A. 10
Johnson, W.S. 71
Jones, J. 31
Jones, R.L. 95, 146
Joshi, S.R. 109
Kamari, J. 52
Kannan, N. 65
Kanwar, R.S. 83
Kapila, S. 130
Kaushik, N.K. 56
Kawanishi, T. 34
Kawano, M. 65
Kazda, M. 120
Keeler, A.G. 75
Keith, L.H. 145
Keith, Lawrence H., 18
Kia, S.F. 24
Kihou, N. 34
Killam, L.M. 4
Kirkland, S.D. 146
Kissel, D.E. 88
Kist, A.A. 112
Knighton, R.E. 15
Koehnlein, S.A. 42, 117
Korobeinik, G.S. 51
Koskinen, W.C. 98
Kostromin, A.N. 51
Koterba, M.T. 110
Krantzberg, G. 85
Kulmatov, R.A. 112
Kusk, K.O. 127
LaFleur, L.E. 31
Lawruk, T.S. 105
Leach, L.E. 8
LeBlanc, D.R. 74
Lembi, C.A. 61
Leslie, A.R. 68
Leslie, Anne R., 67
Lewis, S.R. 71
Liber, K. 56
Lim, M. 4
Loftis, J.C. 26
Louch, J.R. 31
Lowery, B. 99
MacDonald, L.M. 136
Mackay, D.M. 12
MacLeod, C.L. 42, 117
Magette, W.L. 46
Maitre, V. 23
Mark, M. 31
Martin, G.R. 16
Mason, R.E. 89
Masscheleyn, P.H. 72
Mastala, Z. 114
Mathiasson, L. 82
McBride, G.B. 92
McGrath, K.E. 130
McGuire, P.E. 99
McIntosh, M.S. 134
Meer, J van der 76
Meisinger, J.J. 53
Merriweather, R. 27
Miles, C.J. 93
Miller, G. 104
Miller, O.P. 123
Monke, E.J. 118
Motes, M.L. Jr 60
Motlagh, S. 4
Mueller, David K. 5
Mueller, William, 18
Muir, D.C.G. 40
Muller, M.D. 44
Munch, D.J. 6
Myers, R.G. 88
Nash, R.G. 68, 126
Nash, Ralph G., 67
Nilve, G. 82
Noegrohati, S. 111
Norris, F.A. 146
Nyholm, N. 127
O'Dell, J.D. 138
O'Grady, B.V. 107
Orazio, C.E. 130
Otto, J.M. 98
Ozaki, Y. 34
Padgitt, S.C. 90
Parker, M. 113
Parkin, T.B. 53
Parrish, R.S. 21
Patrick, W.H. Jr 72
Pawliszyn, J. 4
Pederson, D.T. 11
Peeler, J.T. 60
Pepio, M. 30
Perkins, L.B. 14
Phillips, P.J. 110
Pinder, G.F. 57
Pionke, H.B. 116
Pitcher, H.M. 78
Plafkin, J.L. 49
Platford, R.F. 109
Posch, M. 52
Potter, D.W. 4
Ptacek, C.J. 79
Puri, R.K. Š130
Ragone, S.E. 68
Rai, L.C. 25
Rappe, C. 44
Ray, M. 43
Reckhow, K.H. 129
Rekolainen, S. 52
Reynolds, B. 50
Reynolds, G.W. 115
Rhodes, G.N. Jr 138
Rice, K.C. 1
Richardson, D.E. 107
Richardson, J.L. 15
Richman, S.J. 43
Ritchie, J.C. 2
Ritter, P. 132
Riva, M.C. 30
Roberts, P.V. 12
Rochelle, B.P. 139
Rogowski, A.S. 116
Rompot, T. 132
Ross, R.R. 8
Rubio, F.M. 105
Russo, D. 128
Ryan, B.J. 144
Salanki, J. 114
Sanders, J.G. 7
Sawka, G.J. 132
Schaalje, G.B. 124
Schnabel, R.R. 116
Schreiber, J.D. 121
Scott, J. C. 19, 20
Sedova, V.K. 51
Seelig, B.D. 15
Seiber, J.N. 87
Selker, J.S. 58
Servos, M.R. 40
Shedlock, R.J. 110
Shenk, J.S. 97
Shepherd, T.R. 11
Sheridan, J.M. 38
Shingal, N. 122
Silverstein, JoAnn 59
Singh, A.K. 25
Singh, P. 83
Smith, C.N. 21, 131
Smith, D.G. 92
Smith, David, 18
Smith, J.A. 117
Smith, R.A. 119
Smith, R.L. 74
Smith, S. Jr 121
Smits, A.H. 96
Smoot, J.L. 16
Smyth, J.D. 91
Sojka, R.E. 73
Solomon, K.R. 56
Song, Q. 35
Sorensen, P.S. 127
Spalding, R.F. 37
Spoon, E. 71
Starr, J.L. 53
Stednick, John D. 149
Steenhuis, T.S. 58
Stevens, D.L. Jr 139
Stokes, P.M. 85
Stoltenberg, D. 77
Stullken, Lloyd E. 55
Swallow, C.W. 88
Tanabe, S. 65
Tang, P.H. 28
Tatsukawa, R. 65
Taylor, C.H. 26
Taylor, L. A. 142
Taylor, L.A. 143
Teitzel, H. 31
Tessari, J.D. 125
Thompson, D.G. 136
Thompson, M.L. 83
Tomkins, B.A. 27
Toxic Waste-Ground-Water Contamination Program (U.S.) 55
Tran, D. 43
Troiano, J. 43
Trufmanova, E.P. 51
Turner, K.S. 42
Ulen, B. 82
United States, Dept. of Energy, Atomic Energy of Canada
Limited 63
Urban, J.B. 116
Valentine, H.T. 22
Vaughan, M. 77
Veydovec, Bill 59
Volz, J. 96
Vowinkel, E. 101
Wagenet, R.J. 106
Walker, D.S. 138
Weidner, K. 133
Westerhaus, M.O. 97
White, J. 43
White, K.D. 16
Whitmore, A.P. 86
Williams, R.G. 38
Wilson, G. 31
Wilson, L.G. 17
Wisseman, R.W. 49
Wolfe, M.F. 87
Wolt, J.D. 138
Woodrow, D. 31
Yamaguchi, Y. 65
Yanders, A.F. 130
Yoder, D.C. 118
Yoneyama, T. 34
Young, C.L. 48
Zahn, D.R. 104
Accuracy 14, 33, 88
Acid rain 1, 26, 139
Acid soils 23, 50
Acid treatment 23
Acids 1
Adsorption 99
Agricultural chemicals 8, 17, 37, 53, 67, 69, 116, 131, 134,
137, 146
Agricultural land 52
Agricultural pollution 142
Agricultural products 97
Agricultural soils 34, 81
Air pollutants 65
Alachlor 105, 126
Alfisols 10
Algae 25, 54
Algorithms 2
Aluminum 23, 50, 123
Analysis 30
Analysis of covariance 114
Analysis of variance 56, 114
Analytical methods 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40,
44, 45, 47, 51, 70, 72, 73, 76, 78, 82, 85, 87, 93, 98, 112,
125, 126, 133, 136, 137, 145
Animal fat 76
Animal tissues 44
Antarctica 44
Apparatus 88
Applications 119
Aquatic communities 49
Aquatic environment 25, 49, 56
Aquatic insects 49
Aquatic organisms 3
Aquatic weeds 61
Aquifers 12, 24, 51, 74, 79, 91, 122, 148
Arable land 32
Arid zones 112
Aromatic compounds 31
Aromatic hydrocarbons 70
Arsenic 72
Assessment 47, 86, 123
Atlantic salmon 44
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry 72
Atrazine 11, 14, 98, 126, 140
Austria 120
Autocorrelation 128
Bacteria 74, 122
Bacterial count 60
Bacteriophages 36
Baltic sea 44
Barley 97
Benthos 49
Benzene 4
Biliary system 70
Bioassays 60
Bioavailability 113
Biocides 56
Biodegradation 122
Biology 54
Body parts 30
Bound water 117
British Columbia 41
Bromide 86, 137
Buds 61
Bulk density 83
Cadmium 99
Calcium 23, 123
Calculation 40
Calibration 97
California 75
Canada 109
Canopy 120, 135
Capacity 137
Carbaryl 125
Carbofuran 126
Carbon 25
Carotenoids 25
Case studies 65
Castor 113
Ceramics 99
Chalk grasslands 135
Characterization 83
Chemical analysis 31, 44, 65, 85, 87, 98
Chemical composition 23
Chironomus 85
Chlordane 44, 130
Chlorinated hydrocarbons 117
Chlorophyll 25
Chlorophyta 127
Chromium 23, 25, 99
Chutes 118
Clay soils 41, 81, 84, 130
Cleaning 99
Clear strip felling 22
Clearcutting 22
Coastal plains 108
Cobalt 99
Coliform bacteria 77
Collection 74
Colorado 49
Community ecology 49
Comparisons 10, 47, 52, 83, 114, 135
Component analysis 15
Computer analysis 139
Computer graphics 141
Computer simulation 86
Computer software 97
Concentration 40, 42, 114, 120
Congresses 63
Conservation tillage 90
Contaminants 57, 72, 77
Contamination 23, 76
Continuous cropping 83
Control 46
Core sampling 24, 88, 138
Costs 147
Crown 120
Cyanazine 126
Cyanobacteria 25
Czechoslovakia 14
Dairy farms 132
Dairy wastes 123
Data analysis 92
Data bases 19
Data collection 92
Data processing 19
Ddt 65
Decision making 33
Degradation 95, 106, 122
Delaware 69, 110
Deltas 75
Demonstration farms 48, 90
Denitrification 34, 59
Deposition 1, 120
Desert plants 108
Desorption 99
Detection 11, 30, 62, 103
Detergents 96
Determination 27, 28, 76, 107, 135
Diffusion 86
Discriminant analysis 15
Dispersion 34
Dissolved oxygen 35
Dissolving 23
Distribution 10, 85
Ditches 137
Dosage effect 78
Drainage 52, 81, 137
Drinking water 126
Duration 99
Dyes 30
Dynamic models 75
Ecosystems 108
Effects 48, 90
Efficiency 47
Egypt 108
Electrical conductivity 143
Elisa 43, 105
England 3
Environmental aspects 63
Environmental factors 108
Environmental legislation 147
Environmental pollution 78, 133
Environmental protection 6, 7, 45, 93
Enzyme activity 25
Equations 57, 79
Equilibration 79
Erosion 2, 141
Erosion control 84
Errors 46, 86, 99
Escherichia coli 36, 60
Estimates 52, 96, 139
Ethylene 23
Eutrophication 113
Evaluation 11, 39, 47, 60, 73, 86
Experimental design 22, 56, 86
Exposure 30
Extension education 48, 90
Extraction 4, 11, 28, 61, 125, 126
Fagus sylvatica 120
Farmers' attitudes 48, 90
Farmland 16
Fecal coliforms 60
Fertilizers 104
Field experimentation 79, 83
Field moisture conditions 88
Field tests 21, 25, 48, 84, 90
Finland 52
Fish 70
Fishery management 75
Flexibility 94
Florida 123, 132
Flow 52, 80
Fluorine 23
Flurprimidol 61
Flushing 148
Foliar uptake 135
Food contamination 60
Forest inventories 22
Forest statistics 22
Forest trees 22
Forests 16, 22
Frequency 52
Frequency distribution 97
Fresh water 75
Freshwater fishes 114, 130
Freshwater molluscs 114
Furrow irrigation 73
Gas chromatography 11, 29, 43, 61
Gases 51
Geochemistry 23, 51
Geology 1
Georgia 38, 131
Gibbsite 50
Glass 99
Government organizations 6
Gradients 74
Greenhouse crops 102
Groundwater 8, 17, 21, 37, 39, 53, 62, 64, 66, 68, 69, 77,
89, 95, 105, 110, 116, 121, 131, 134, 144, 146
Groundwater flow 57, 63
Groundwater pollution 4, 6, 12, 24, 27, 34, 42, 48, 51, 57,
58, 74, 79, 80, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99, 100, 101, 103, 115, 121,
122, 137, 148
Groundwater recharge 58
Half life 61
Halogenated hydrocarbons 79, 115
Hapludalfs 47
Hardness 143
Hatcheries 75
Hay 97
Haylage 97
Hch 65
Health hazards 78
Heavy metals 25, 100, 102, 112
Height 41
Herbicide residues 11, 43, 61, 82, 87, 98, 105, 136
Herbicides 29
Herrings 44
Hordeum vulgare 81
Hplc 14, 107
Hungary 114
Hydraulic conductivity 57, 74, 128
Hydraulic power systems 138
Hydraulics 80
Hydrocarbons 51
Identification 145
Imagery 83
In vitro 30
Incubation 88
India 25
Indicator species 130
Industrial sites 117
Industrial wastes 51
Infiltration 100
Information 48, 90
Infrared spectroscopy 97
Inhibition 25
Insecticide residues 125, 130
Instrumentation 121
Instruments 143
Integrated pest management 48
Intelligence 78
Interface phenomena 109
Interference 98
Interrill erosion 32
Iodide 137
Ion exchange resins 135
Ions 99, 135
Iowa 48, 77, 90
Iron 23, 123
Iron oxides 100
Irrigated soils 73
Irrigation 43
Irrigation water 102
Isolation technique 3
Italy 84
Kansas 55
Kentucky 16, 49
Kinetics 122
Laboratory methods 3, 41, 60, 79, 83, 88, 102, 122
Laboratory tests 80
Lakes 26, 56, 109
Land use 19, 19, 101
Landsat 2
Larvae 85
Leachates 81
Leaching 10, 15, 21, 23, 41, 43, 47, 50, 81, 83, 86, 88, 106,
111, 120, 128, 130, 138
Lead poisoning 78
Lindane 10
Liquid chromatography 70, 82
Literature reviews 106
Loam soils 41, 81, 83
Logging effects 22
Losses from soil 73
Losses from soil systems 32, 38
Louisiana 72
Lysimeters 17, 47, 81, 134
Lysimetric chromatography 117
Lysimetry 81, 117
Macropores 83
Magnesium 23
Magnetic separation 105
Maize 97
Malathion 125
Manganese 23
Mapping 139
Marine areas 65, 76
Marine fouling 76
Maryland 1, 7, 110
Mass spectrometry 11, 61
Massachusetts 74
Mathematical models 26, 32, 34, 36, 52, 63, 63, 63, 80, 106,
131
Mathematics 33, 51, 86
Mcpa 82
Measurement 24, 47, 73, 83, 86, 88
Mercury 25
Metabolites 70
Metal ions 100
Metal tolerance 25
Metals 85, 114
Methane production 122
Methodology 1, 135
Michigan 24
Microbial activities 36
Minimum tillage 121
Mississippi 2, 121
Missouri 130
Models 21, 35, 89, 120, 137
Monitoring 2, 7, 9, 24, 26, 50, 52, 58, 62, 65, 92, 95, 99,
103, 114, 133, 140
Monolith sampling 81
Monte carlo method 26, 35
Mountain areas 49
Movement 134
Movement in soil 10, 12, 74, 86, 95, 106, 123, 137
Multivariate analysis 91
Myriophyllum spicatum 61
Napropamide 10
Naptalam 87
Netherlands 96, 135
New Jersey 42, 117
New York 94
New Zealand 39, 92
Nitrate 34, 81, 121
Nitrate fertilizers 81
Nitrate nitrogen 86
Nitrates 39, 41, 74, 91, 116
Nitrogen 68, 135, 143
Nitrogen fixation 25
Nitrogen mineralization 88
Nitrogenase 25
No-tillage 83, 121
North Dakota 15
Northeastern states of U.S.A. 116
Nuclear power plants 63
Nutrient availability 123
Nutrient content 123
Nutrient retention 123
Nutrient uptake 25, 102
Nutrients 120
Ohio 66
Oncorhynchus 30
Ontario 79
Optical properties 2
Oregon 49, 91
Organic compounds 28, 40, 42, 45, 74, 101, 115, 122, 145, 148
Organochlorine compounds 31, 56
Organochlorine insecticides 111
Organochlorine pesticides 27
Orthophosphates 113
Oximes 13
Oysters 60
Paper mill sludge 31
Particles 113
Peat soils 81
Pennsylvania 47, 133
Persistence 61, 130
Pesticide residues 13, 27, 64, 68, 89, 91, 106, 124, 133,
138, 140
Pesticides 6, 21, 77, 93, 95, 106, 121
Petroleum 78, 80
Ph 99, 143
Phenolic compounds 31
Phenols 56
Phosphates 96
Phosphorus 52, 113, 123, 132, 143
Physical properties of soil 41
Physico-chemical properties 54
Physico-chemical properties of soil 12
Physicochemical properties 15
Phytoplankton 25, 127
Phytotoxicity 25, 127
Piezometers 37
Plains 49†
Pollutants 4, 6, 18, 24, 28, 36, 40, 42, 45, 46, 49, 51, 70,
74, 112, 127, 145
Polluted soils 100
Pollution 28, 52, 60, 63
Polychlorinated biphenyls 76
Polyesters 83
Polymers 23
Ponds 125
Population density 123
Populations 75
Porosity 83
Potassium 23, 123
Precipitation 120
Prediction 1, 32, 79, 97, 103, 128, 137
Prevention 137
Profiles 74
Prynachlor 98
Public agencies 45, 49, 93
Pulp mill effluent 31, 107
Pulping 107
Pygoscelis 44
Quality 97
Quality controls 54
Quality standards 78
Quantitative analysis 13, 27, 34, 36, 43, 61, 75, 80, 105,
106, 121, 136
Radiation 109
Radioactive pollution of water 63
Radioactive wastes 144
Radionuclides 109
Rain 38
Random sampling 57
Rapid methods 49
Recharge 58
Redox potential 100
Reference standards 13
Reflectance 2
Regression analysis 2, 46, 56, 94, 97, 111, 127
Regulation 33
Regulations 75
Remote sensing 2
Replication 86
Representative sampling 97
Research 145
Reservoirs 54
Residues 76
Resin acids 107
Resins 83, 140
Resistance 36
Rhode Island 144
River valleys 49
River water 16, 72, 112, 113
Rivers 96, 130
Roots 61
Runoff 32, 38, 46, 52, 73, 84, 118, 121, 133, 141
Runoff water 139
Saline water 7
Salmon 75
Sample pretreatment 126
Samplers 23, 50, 99
Samples 6, 14, 74
Sampling 1, 8, 11, 16, 17, 19, 23, 37, 42, 47, 52, 53, 55,
58, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 77, 82, 87, 89, 91, 92, 95, 99,
104, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 117, 123, 124, 130, 131, 134,
135, 140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148
Sampling techniques 39, 54
Sandy loam soils 10, 81, 128
Sandy soils 12, 81, 123, 130
Scenedesmus 127
Sea water 44, 60
Seals 44, 76
Seasonal variation 135
Sediment 2, 72, 73, 76, 130
Sediment yield 141
Sediments 40
Sequential sampling 50
Sewage effluent 113
Shoots 61
Silica 23
Silicon 23
Silty soils 41
Simazine 43, 126
Simulation 32, 75, 103, 122
Simulation models 80, 86, 106, 129, 141
Site factors 108
Site types 16
Sodic soils 15
Sodium 23, 123
Soil 8, 73, 111, 124, 138
Soil analysis 10, 23, 24, 95, 104
Soil boundaries 15
Soil classification 15
Soil conservation 94
Soil depth 43, 83
Soil micromorphology 23, 83
Soil morphology 15
Soil organic matter 81, 100, 123
Soil ph 100, 123
Soil pollution 12, 24, 67, 72, 80, 95, 98, 100, 117, 130, 133
Soil properties 128
Soil salinity 15
Soil solution 10, 23, 50, 99
Soil surveys 15
Soil testing 72, 86, 123
Soil texture 100
Soil variability 15, 123
Soil water 23, 34, 43, 47, 58, 61, 99, 134
Soil water content 9, 83
Soil water movement 47, 83
Soil water retention 128
Solubility 50
Solutes 34, 47, 83
Solutions 12
Solvents 111
Sorption 10, 12, 79, 100, 111, 115
Sorption isotherms 10
Southeastern states of U.S.A. 60
Spain 102
Spatial distribution 15, 65
Spatial equilibrium analysis 101
Spatial variation 15, 123, 128
Species diversity 49
Spectral analysis 97
Spectral data 2, 13, 97
Spodic horizons 123
Spodosols 123
Spread 137
Stability 6
Stainless steel 99
Standards 71
Statistical analysis 15, 22, 33, 35, 38, 49, 64, 86, 89, 96,
101, 128, 129, 139, 141
Statistical data 22, 86
Statistical methods 26, 33, 51, 62, 63, 103, 114, 119, 129
Stemflow 120, 135
Stochastic models 57, 128
Stratified sets 20
Streams 1, 49, 113, 119
Sulfonylurea herbicides 136
Surface layers 2, 123
Surface water 92
Surveys 6, 90, 93, 139
Susceptibility 25
Suspensions 40, 113
Sweden 44
Techniques 115, 122
Temporal variation 86
Testing 105, 127
Tests 71, 127, 137
Textiles 30
Throughfall 135
Tillage 83, 121
Tissue analysis 85
Titanium 23
Toluene 4
Topography 123
Toxic substances 127
Toxicity 36, 44, 49, 56, 70
Trace elements 112
Tracers 137
Tractors 138
Transformation 106
Transport‹ 57
Transport processes 34, 52
Trends 26, 75, 119
U.S.A. 6, 26, 45, 78, 93, 109, 119, 145
U.S.S.R.in europe 51
Uncertainties 139
Uncertainty 35
Undisturbed sampling 88
Universal soil loss equation 38
University research 133
Unsaturated flow 128
Upland soils 15
Uptake 85, 102
Uzbek ssr 112
Validity 13
Variance 89
Variation 86, 97
Vertical movement 74
Virginia 110
Viruses 36
Volatilization 106
Volume 11, 22, 99
Waste disposal 63
Waste disposal sites 62
Waste water treatment 31
Water 18, 42, 59, 87, 91, 142
Water chemistry 149
Water composition and quality 3, 7, 26, 39, 51, 54, 78, 96,
101, 148
Water conservation 94
Water erosion 38, 73
Water flow 34, 75
Water law 7
Water management 75, 132
Water pollution 1, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 25, 29, 30, 31, 36, 37,
40, 44, 45, 49, 53, 56, 62, 64, 65, 68, 70, 72, 76, 82, 85,
87, 89, 96, 98, 102, 107, 109, 112, 114, 116, 117, 123, 124,
125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 133, 134, 139, 140, 144, 145, 146
Water quality 2, 5, 9, 11, 13, 16, 20, 22, 33, 35, 48, 58,
61, 66, 69, 71, 75, 77, 90, 92, 94, 104, 105, 108, 110, 113,
119, 121, 129, 131, 132, 136, 142, 143, 147, 149
Water quality management 142
Water reservoirs 2
Water resources 75
Water storage 54
Water table 41
Water yield 22
Water, Underground 5, 19, 20, 55, 63, 67
Watersheds 1, 116, 118, 121, 139, 141
Wells 24, 42, 62, 66, 71, 77, 125, 126, 146, 147, 148
Wetland soils 15
Wheat 97
Wicking property 58
Wisconsin 137
Wyoming 113
Xylene 4
Zea mays 47, 83
Zimbabwe 32
Zinc 99
Zooplankton 56
********************************************************
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
S1 6769 ((FIELD()EXPERIMENT? OR TEST?)) OR
(lABORATORY() (METHOD? OR PRACTICE? OR
PROCEDURE?)))/TI,DE,ID
S2 18251 (((STATISTICAL OR ANALYTICAL OR QUANTITATIVE OR
REGRESSION)() (ANALYS?S OR METHOD? OR DATA OR
STUD?)) OR SAMPLING OR
INSTRUMENTATION)/TI,DE,ID
S3 24789 S1 OR S2
S4 14020 ((WATER OR GROUNDWATER OR (GROUND()WATER) OR
AGRICULTUR?) (2N) (QUALIT? OR POLLUT? OR
CONTAMINA?))/TI,DE,ID
S5 5354 (NPS? OR ((NON()POINT OR NONPOINT)90
SOURCE()POLLUT? OR BMP? OR
(BEST()MANAGEMENT()PRACTICE?) OR LEACHING OR
RUNOFF)/TI,DE,ID
S6 515 (S4 OR S5) AND S3
S7 206 S6 AND PY=1989:1993
********************************************************
NAL DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES
June 1993
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
Public Services Division
Document Delivery Services Branch
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The National Agricultural Library has established document delivery service
policies for three user categories. They are 1) individuals; 2) libraries,
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ELECTRONIC MAIL - (Sample form below)
SYSTEM ADDRESS CODE
====================================================
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ONTYME. . . . . . NAL/LB
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SAMPLE ELECTRONIC MAIL REQUEST
=================================================================| AG
University/NAL ILLRQ 231 4/1/93 NEED BY: 6/1/93 |
| |
| Interlibrary Loan Department |
| Agriculture University |
| Heartland, IA 56789 |
| |
| Dr. Smith Faculty Ag School |
| |
| Canadian Journal of Soil Science 1988 v 68(1): 17-27 |
| DeJong, R. Comparison of two soil-water models under |
| semi-arid growing conditions |
| Ver: AGRICOLA |
| Remarks: Not available at IU or in region. |
| NAL CA: 56.8 C162 |
| |
| Auth: C. Johnson CCL Maxcost: $15.00 |
| |
| MORE |
| |
=================================================================
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****************************************************************
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its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright
law.
37 C.F.R. 201.14
****************************************************************
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J. R. Makuch /USDA-ARS-NAL-WQIC/
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