Assessment of testicular endocrine function in captive African elephants by measurement or urinary and fecal androgens. Ganswindt, Andre; Heistermann, Michael; Borragan, Santiago; Hodges, J. Keith. Zoo Biology, 2002, v. 21 (1), p. 27-36. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: feces, testicle, urine, reproductive system, musth.

Artificial insemination in the Asian elephant. Brown, Janine L.; Goeritz, Frank; Hermes, Robert; Pratt-Hawkes, Nancy; Galloway, Marie; Hildebrandt, Thomas B. Biology of Reproduction, 2002, v. 66 (Suppl. 1), p. 259-260. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: artificial insemination, diagnostic method, semen, ovulation time.

Behavioral and endocrine parameters around parturition in African and Asian elephant cows. Szdzuy, K.; Dehnhard, M.; Hofer, H.; Strauss, G.; Ochs, A. Zoology, 2002, v. 105 (Suppl. 5):99. ISSN: 0944-2006.

            NAL call no: QL1.Z769

            Descriptors: behavior, captivity, endocrine system, reproductive system.<

Enzyme-immunoassay for the measurement of luteinizing hormone in the serum of African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Graham, Laura H.; Bolling, Jeff; Miller, Gary; Pratt-Hawkes, Nancy; Joseph, Sharon. Zoo Biology, 2002, v. 21 (4), p. 403-408. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: plasma, serum, hormones, LH, enzyme immunoassay, Loxodonta.

Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian activity and predicting parturition in female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) using 5alpha-androst-2-en-17-one and androst-2-en-17beta-o1. Dehnhard, M.; Eulenberger, K.; Hatt, J.M.; Ochs, A.; Strauss, G. Advances in Ethology, 2002, v. 37, p. 130. ISSN: 0931-4202.

            NAL call no: 410 Z35B

            Descriptors: parturition, pregnancy, ovary, reproductive system, urine.

Reproductive survey of the African elephant population in North America. Freeman, Elizabeth W.; Weiss, Emily; Brown, Janine L. Biology of Reproduction, 2002, v. 66 (Suppl. 1): 259. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: adrenal, endocrine system, reproductive system, ovary.

Sex of neonates and maternal investment in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Kurt, F.; Mar, K.U.; Tiedemann, R. Advances in Ethology, 2002, v. 37, p. 50. ISSN: 0931-4202.

            NAL call no: 410 Z35B

            Descriptors: calving interval, mortality, sex ratio, survival, development.

Ten-years old elephant project in Vienna, Austria: A breeding project for the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Pechlaner, Helmut; Schwammer, Harald M. Zoologische Garten, 2002. V. 72 (1), p. 28-41. ISSN: 0044-5169.

            Language: German.

            NAL call no: 410 Z724

            Descriptors: sperm, reproductive system, artificial insemination.

African elephants and contraception. Pimm, S.L.; van Aarde, R.J. Nature, Jun. 14, 2001, v. 411 (6839), p. 766. ISSN: 0028-0836.

            NAL call no: 472 N21

            Descriptors: contraception, elephants physiology, immunologic veterinary.

First successful artificial insemination in an African elephant in Europe. Schwammer, Harald M.; Hildebrandt, Thomas; Goeritz, Frank. IZN International Zoo News, Oct./Nov. 2001, v. 48 (7), p. 424-429. no. 312. ISSN: 0020-9155.

            NAL call no: QL76.I58

            Descriptors: artificial insemination, methodology and prospects, captive breeding.

Population control: African elephants and contraception. Pimm, S.L.; van Aarde, R.J. Nature, 2001, v. 411 (6839), p. 766. ref. ISSN: 0028-0836.

            NAL call no: 472 N21

            Descriptors: control programs, contraception, reviews, Loxodonta.

Population control: African elephants and contraception - Fayrer-Hosken et al. reply. Fayrer-Hosken, R.A.; Grobler, D.; van Altena, J.J.;Bertschinger, H.J.: Kirkpatrick, J.F. Nature, 2001, v. 411 (6839), p. 766. ISSN: 0028-0836.

            NAL call no: 472 N21

            Descriptors: control programs, reviews, contraception, Loxodonta.

Serum hydrocortisone levels in a manually restrained African elephant (Loxodonta africana) pre- and post-semen collection. Suedmeyer, Wm. Kirk. Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians and National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians, Orlando, FL. Sept. 18-23, 2001. i-xx, p. 1-411. Chapter pagination: 388-389.

            NAL call no: SF605.A4

            Descriptors: plasma, hormones, hydrocortisone content, serum, semen collection.  

“Hey baby, I’m here!”: Advertisement of estrus in captive female African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Ortolani, A.; Partan, S.; Leong, K.; Burks, K.; Graham, L.; Mellen, J.; Savage, A. Advances in Ethology, 2000, no. 35, p. 52. ISSN: 0931-4202.

            NAL call no: 410 Z35B

            Descriptors: behavior, reproductive system.

Immunocontraception of African elephants. Fayrer-Hosken, R.A.; Grobler, D.; Van Altena, J.J.; Bertschinger, H.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. Nature, Sep. 14, 2000, v. 407 (6801), p. 149. ref. ISSN: 0028-0836.

            NAL call no: 472 N21

            Descriptors: contraception, vaccines, fertilization, antibody response.

Iodine as a possible controlling nutrient for elephant populations. Milewski, Antoni. Pachyderm, Jan./Jun. 2000, v. 28, p. 78-90. ISSN: 1026-2881.

            Descriptors: population management, iodine nutrient control, dietary deficiency.

Non-invasive assessment of testicular endocrine function in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) by measurement of testosterone metabolites in faeces. Ganswindt, A.; Heistermann, M.; Borragan, S.; Hodges, J.K. Advances in Ethology, 2000, no. 35, p. 85. ISSN: 0931-4202.

            NAL: call no: 410 Z35B

            Descriptors: feces, digestive system, testicular, fecal hormone analysis.

Patterns of urinary and fecal steroid excretion during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Fiess, M.; Heistermann, M.; Hodges, J.K. General and Comparative Endocrinology, Jul. 1999, v. 115 (1), p. 76-89. ISSN: 0016-6480.

            NAL call no: 444.4 G28 

            Descriptors: faeces, urine, steroid hormone levels, pregnancy, ovarian cycle.

A postcryogenic comparison of membrane fatty acids of elephant spermatozoa. Swain, Jason E.; Miller, Robert R. Jr. Zoo Biology, 2000, v. 19 (5), p. 461-473. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: cryogenic spermatozoa freezing, storage method, comparison method.

State of the North American African elephant population and projections for the future. Olson, Deborah; Wiese, Robert J. Zoo Biology, 2000, v. 19 (5), p. 311-320. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: captive reproduction, fecundity, juvenile survival, mortality.

Temporary ovarian inactivity in elephants: Relationship to status and time outside. Schulte, Bruce A.; Feldman, Elizabeth; Lambert, Ruth; Oliver, Renee; Hess, David L. Physiology and Behavior, Oct. 1-15, 2000, v. 71 (1-2), p. 123-131. ISSN: 0031-9384.

            NAL call no: QP1.P4

            Descriptors: housing techniques, ovary, ovarian inactivity in captivity.

Ultrasonography of the estrous cycle in female African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Hermes, R.; Oloson, D.; Goritz, F.; Brown, J.L.; Schmitt, D.L.; Hagan, D.; Peterson, J.S.; Fritsch, G.; Hildebrandt, T.B. Zoo Biology, 2000, v. 19 (5), p. 369-382. ref. ISSN:0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: anatomy, corpus luteum, FSH, LH, oestrus, ovulation, progestogens.

Ultrasonography of the urogenital tract in elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus): An important tool for assessing male reproductive function. Hildebrandt, Thomas B.; Hermes, Robert; Pratt, Nancy C.; Fritsch, Guido; Blottner, Steffen; Schmitt, Dennis L.; Ratanakorn, Parntep; Brown, Janine L.; Rietschel, Wolfram; Goeritz, Frank. Zoo Biology, 2000, v. 19 (5), p. 333-345. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: care in captivity, reproductive techniques, male urogenital tract.

Calving elephants (normal). Schmidt, M.J.; Fowler, M.E.; Miller, R.E. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 4, 1999. Ed. 4. p. 521-522. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. ISBN: 0721686648.

            NAL call no: SF996.Z66

            Descriptors: pregnancy, parturition.

Contraceptive potential of the porcine zona pellucida vaccine in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Fayrer, Hosken R.A.; Bertschinger, H.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Grobler, D.; Lamberski, N.; Honneyman, G.; Ulrich, T. Theriogenology, Oct. 1, 1999, v. 52 (5), p. 835-846. ISSN: 0093-691X.

            NAL call no: QP251.A1T5

            Descriptors: ovary, reproductive system, zona pellucida, vaccine.

Dystocia in the elephant. Foerner, J.J.; Fowler, M.E.; Miller, R.E. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 4, 1999. Ed. 4, p. 522-525. ref. ISBN: 0721686648.

            NAL call no: SF996.Z66

            Descriptors: dystocia, parturition, fetal death, parturition complications.

Endocrine and ultrasound evaluation of a non-cycling African elephant: Identification of an ovarian follicular cyst. Brown, J.L.; Hildebrandt, T.B.; Theison, W.; Neiffer, D.L. Zoo Biology, 1999, v. 18 (3), p. 223-232. ref. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: ovarian disease, ovarian cysts, ultrasound, reproductive disorders.

Patterns of urinary and fecal steroid excretion during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Fiess, M.; Heistermann, M.; Hodges, J.K. General and Comparative Endocrinology, Jul. 1999, v. 115 (1), p. 76-89. ISSN: 0016-6480.

            NAL call no: 444.8 G28

            Descriptors: estrus physiology, feces chemistry, pregnancy, steroids metabolism.

Pregnancy induced vulva edema of an African elephant cow. Strauss, Gunter. Milu, 1999, v. 9 (6), p. 694-701. ISSN: 0076-8839.

            Language: German.

            Descriptors: pregnancy, vulva edema, genitalia, Loxodonta.

Serum prolactin concentration in the captive female African elephant (Loxodonta africana): Potential effects of season and steroid hormone interactions. Bechert, Ursula S.; Swanson, Lloyd; Wasser, Samuel K.; Hess, David L.; Stormshak, Fredrick. General and Comparative Endocrinology, May 1999, v. 114 (2), p. 269-278. ISSN: 0016-6480.

            NAL call no: 444.8 G28

            Descriptors: cortisol, progesterone, prolactin, steroid hormone interactions.

Antral follicles develop in xenografted cryopreserved African elephant (Loxodonta africana) ovarian tissue. Gunasena, K.T.; Lakey, J.R.T.; Villines, P. M.; Bush, M.; Raath, C.; Crister, E.S.; McGann, L.E.; Crister, J.K. Animal Reproduction Science, Oct. 1998, v. 53 (1-4), p. 265-275. ISSN: 0378-4320.

            NAL call no: QP251.A5

            Descriptors: ovarian tissue, cryopreservation, xenografting, grafting method.

Chemical signals in the reproduction of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Rasmussen, L.E.L.; Schulte, B.A. Animal Reproduction Science, Oct. 1998, v. 53 (1-4), p. 19-34. ISSN: 0378-4320.

            NAL call no: QP251.A5

            Descriptors: reproductive behavior, chemical signals, review.

Elephant contraception research in the Kruger National Park. Whyte, Ian J.; Grobler, Dave G. Pachyderm, Jan./Jul. 1998, v. 25, p. 45-52. ISSN: 1026-2881.

            Descriptors: reproductive techniques, contraception, immunocontraception.

Endocrinology of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephant. Hodges, J.K. Animal Reproduction Science, Oct. 1998, v. 53 (1-4), p. 3-18. ISSN: 0378-4320.

            NAL call no: QP251.A5

            Descriptors: ovarian cycle and pregnancy, hormones, birth, Elephas, Loxodonta.

Factors affecting prolactin secretion in the African elephant. Bechert, U.S,; Swanson, L.; Wasser, S.K.; Hess, D.L.; Stormshak, F. Biology of Reproduction, 1998, v. 58 (Suppl. 1), p. 175. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: reproductive system, elephant, ovarian function, stress.

Histo- and cytophysiology of the lactating mammary gland of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Welsch, Ulrich; Feuerhake, Friedrich; Van Aarde, Rudi; Buchheim, Wolfgang; Patton, Stuart. Cell and Tissue Research, Dec. 1998, v. 294 (3), p. 485-501. ISSN: 0302-766X.

            NAL call no: QH581.A1Z4

            Descriptors: mammary gland, reproductive system, cyto and histophysiology.

Influence of gestation on uterine endometrial steroid receptor concentrations in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Greyling, M.D.; Ford, M.; Potgieter, H.C.; Van Aarde, R.J. Biology of Reproduction, Jan. 1998, v. 58 (1), p. 60-64. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: endocrine system, reproductive system, progesterone, elephants.

Reproductive assessment of male elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) by ultrasonography. Hildebrandt, Thomas B.; Goeritz, Frank; Pratt, Nancy C.; Schmitt, Dennis L.; Quandt, Sybille; Raath, Jacobus; Hofmann, Reinhold R. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, Jun. 1998, v. 29 (2), p. 114-128. ISSN: 1042-7260.

            NAL call no: SF601.J6

            Descriptors: reproductive system, transrectal ultrasonography, diagnostic method.

Assessment of ovarian function in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) by measurement of 5 [alpha]-reduced progesterone metabolites in serum and urine. Hiestermann, M.; Trohorsch, B.; Hodges, J.K. Zoo Biology, 1997, v. 16 (3), p. 273-284. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: reproductive cycle monitoring, ovary, ovarian cycle relations.

Binding activity of 5alpha-reduced gestagens to the progestin receptor from African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Meyer, H.H.; Jewgenow, K.; Hodges, J.K. General and Comparative Endocrinology, Feb. 1997, v. 105 (2), p. 164-167. ISSN: 0016-6480. NAL call no: 444.8 G28

            Descriptors: endometrium metabolism, progestational hormones metabolism.

Concentrations of progesterone and the 5alpha-reduced progestins, 5alpha-pregnane-3, 20-dione and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, in luteal tissue and circulating blood and their relationship to luteal function in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Hodges, J.K.; Heistermann, M.; Beard, A.; Aarde, R.J. van; van Aarde, R.J. Biology of Reproduction, Mar.1997, v. 56 (3), p. 640-646. ref. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: progesterone, blood, progestogens, corpus luteum, ovaries, pregnancy.

Evaluation of the immune response to zona pellucida proteins in feral African elephants. Schwoebel, E.; Skinner, S.; Mutinda, H.; Poole, J.; Leakey, R.; Dunbar, B. Biology of Reproduction, 1997, v. 56 (Suppl. 1), p. 182. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: immune response, zona pellucida, proteins, immune system, elephants.

Evaluation of progesterone and 20-oxo-progestagens in the plasma of Asian (Elaphus maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Schwarzenberger, Franz; Strauss, Gunter; Hoppen, Hans O.; Schaftenaar, Willem; Dieleman, Steph J.; Zenker, Wolfgang; Pagan, Olivier. Zoo Biology, 1997, v. 16 (5), p. 403-413. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: endocrine system, blood and lymphatics, reproductive system.

Ligand specificity of uterine oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the subadult African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Greyling, M.D.; Aarde, R.J. van; Potgieter, H.C. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Mar.1997, v. 109 (2), p. 199-204. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: progesterone, chemoreceptors, uterus, corpus luteum hormones.

Management of African elephant populations by immunocontraception. Fayrer-Hosken, R.A.; Brooks, P.; Bertschinger, H.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W.; Liu, I.K.M. Wildlife Society Bulletin (US), Spr. 1997, v. 25 (1), p. 18-21. ref. ISSN: 0091-7648.

            NAL call no: SK357.A1W5

            Descriptors: management, disease control, family planning, elephant.

The new elephant park in Vienna: A project for state-of-the-art keeping and breeding of African elephants. Schwammer, Harald; Pechlaner, Helmut. Zoologische Garten, Dec. 1997, v. 67 (6), p. 375-385. ISSN: 0044-5169.

            Language: German.

            NAL call no: 410 Z724

            Descriptors: elephants, Austria, elephant park.

Potential of the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) being an immunocontraceptive agent for elephants. Fayrer, Hosken R.A.; Brooks, P.; Kirkpatrick, J.; Bertschinger, H.; Raath, J.P.; Soley, J.M. Theriogenology, 1997, v. 47 (1), p. 397. ISSN: 0093-691X.

            NAL call no: QP251.A1T5

            Descriptors: immunocontraceptive agent, reproduction, animal care, elephants.

Secretory patterns of serum prolactin in Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants during different reproductive states: Comparison with concentrations in a noncycling African elephant. Brown, Janine L.; Lehnhardt, John. Zoo Biology, 1997, v. 16 (2), p. 149-159. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: plasma, hormones, ovary, reproductive states, cycle stage, lactation status.

Analysis of African elephant mature milk in early lactation and formulation of an elephant calf milk replacer. Parrott, Joel J. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference Proceedings, 1996, p. 102-112.

            NAL call no: SF605.A4

            Descriptors: diet in captivity, rearing techniques, milk replacer formulation.

Can porcine zona pellucida (pZP) be a contraceptive for elephants? Fayrer-Hosken, R.A.; Kirkpatrick, J.; Bertschinger, H.; Soley, J.T.; Praath, K. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional Conference Proceedings, 1996, p. 248-250. ISSN: 1088-0402.

            NAL call no: QL76.5.U6A47

            Descriptors: contraception, reproductive techniques, porcine zona pellucida.

Excretory fate of estradiol and progesterone in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and patterns of fecal steroid concentrations throughout the estrous cycle. Wasser, S.K.; Papageorge, S.; Foley, C.; Brown, J.L. General and Comparative Endocrinology, May 1996, v. 102 (2), p. 255-262. ISSN: 0016-6480.

            NAL call no: 444.8 G28

            Descriptors: ovarian activity, estradiol, progesterone, elephant.

Nonluteal estrus cycles of 3-week duration are initiated by anovulatory luteinizing hormone peaks in African elephants. Kapustin, N.; Critser, J.K.; Olson, D.; Malven, P.V. Biology of Reproduction (US), Nov. 1996, v. 55 (5), p. 1147-1154. ref. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: oestrus cycle, duration, hormones, blood serum, ovulation.

Age- and parity-dependent differences in ovarian activity and oocyte maturity in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Kidson, A.; Loskutoff, N.M.; Raath, C.;Wood, C.A.; Williams, K.R.; Van Schalkwyk, J.O.; Dyche, W.K.; Barry, D.M.; Bartels, P. Theriogenology, 1995, v. 43 (1), p. 246. ISSN: 0093-691X.

            NAL call no: QP251.A1T5

            Descriptors: breeding, developmental incompetence, animal husbandry.

Fecal steroid analysis: Validation of extraction and radioimmunoassay for estradiol and progesterones in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and analysis of fecal samples utilizing a validated method. Papageorge, Sophie; Wasser, Samuel K.; Foley, Charles; Brown, Janine. Proceedings of a Joint Conference American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Wildlife Disease Association, and American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, East Lansing, MI. Aug. 12-17, 1995. p. 447.

            NAL call no: SF605.A4

            Descriptors: elephant, fecal steroid analysis, radioimmunoassay, estradiol.

The oestrus cycle of the Asian and African elephants, Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana. Techniques to monitor reproduction of females in captivity. Plouzeau, E.; Da-Cunha, S.; Shaw, H.J. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, Dec. 1994, v. 145 (12), p. 905-911. ISSN: 0035-1555.

            Language: French.

            NAL call no: 41.8 R32

            Descriptors: females, oestrus cycle, blood plasma, oestrogens, urine.

Placentation in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Mathias, Susanna; Vanarde, R.J.; Wooding, P.F.; Allen, W.R. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Abstract Series, 1994, v. 0 (14), p. 5-6. ISSN: 0954-0725.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: blood vessel, endometrial arteriole, elephant calf, fertility.

Progesterone and 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations in plasma and individual corpora lutea of non-pregnant and pregnant African elephants. Hiestermann, M.; Beard, A.; Van Aarde, R.J.; Hodges, J.K. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Abstract Series, 1994, v. 0 (13), p. 11-12. ISSN: 0954-0725.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: corpus luteum function, reproductive status, 5-alpha-pregnane-3.

Progesterone content and biosynthetic potential of the corpus luteum of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Hodges, J.K.; Van Aarde, R.J.; Heistermann, M.; Hoppen, H.O. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Sept.1994, v. 102 (1), p. 163-168. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: enzyme immunoassay, progesterone, endocrine system, elephant.

Breeding elephants in captivity. Schmidt, Michael J. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 3^rd ed., Fowler, Murray E. W.B. Saunders Co. 1993, i-xxv, p. 1-617. Chapter pagination: 445-448.

            NAL call no: SF966.Z66

            Descriptors: bull management, captive breeding methods, artificial insemination.

Effects of GnRH analogues on pituitary-testicular function in free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Brown, J.L.; Bush, M.; Wildt, D.E.; Raath, J.R.; Vos, V de: Howard, J.G. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Nov.1993, v. 99 (2), p. 627-634. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: gonadotropins, blood, androgens, testosterone, elephants.

Breeding elephants in captivity. Partridge, J. IZN International Zoo News, 1992, v. 39 (8), p. 42-44. ISSN: 0020-9155.

            NAL call no: QL76.I58

            Descriptors: reproductive techniques, captive breeding, workshop report.

Elephants and birth control. Short, R. New Scientist, 1992, v. 135, no. 1832, p. 21-23. ISSN: 0262-4074.

            NAL call no: 472 N42

            Descriptors: fertility, pregnancy, control, reproductive techniques, possible methods.

Parturition and placentation in African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Soma, H.; Kawakami, S. Erkrankungen der Zootiere, 1991, no. 33, p. 47-51. ISSN: 0138-5003.

            NAL call no: SF996.I5

            Descriptors: placenta, birth, morphology, observations in captivity, Elephantidae. 

Determining the estrus cycle in a group of African elephants by evaluating serum progesterone levels. Roach, Russell; Briggs, Michael; Fithian, Claire. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings, 1990, p. 185-188. ISSN: 0731-0439.

            NAL call no: QL76.5.U6A47

            Descriptors: progesterone level fluctuations, hormones, ovary, plasma, serum.

Elephant pituitary gonadotropins. McFarlane, J.R.; Cabrera, C.M.; Oosthuizen, M.M. J.; Papkoff, H. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1990, v. 79 (2), p. 193-200. ISSN: 0016-6480.

            NAL call no: 444.8 G28

            Descriptors: Loxodonta, pituitary gland, hormones, FSH, LH, characteristics.

Serum testosterone and musth in captive male African and Asian elephants. Cooper, K.A.; Harder, J.D.; Clawson, D.H.; Frederick, D.L.; Lodge, G.A.; Peachey, H.C.; Spellmire, T.J.; Winstel, D.P. Zoo Biology, 1990, v. 9 (4), p. 297-306. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: temporal gland secretions, testosterone levels, hormones, musth.

Circulating progesterone concentrations and ovarian functional anatomy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). de Villiers, D.J.; Skinner, J.D.; Hall, Martin A.J. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, May 1989, v. 86 (1), p. 195-201. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: pregnancy, plasma progesterone levels, ovarian cycle, placenta.

Long and short estrous cycles in the African elephant: An endocrine profile. Brannian, John D.; Terranova, Paul F.; Griffin, Frank. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings, 1989, p. 16-18. ISSN: 0731-0439.

            NAL call no: QL76.5.U6A47 

            Descriptors: reproductive techniques, oestrus cycle, ovary, hormones, mating.

Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants. Poole, J.H. Animal Behavior, 1989, v. 37 (5), p. 842-849. ISSN: 0003-3472.

            NAL call no: 410 B77

            Descriptors: breeding success, mate selection, Loxodonta.

Urinary androstenedione and luteinizing hormone concentrations during musth in a mature African elephant. Brannian, J.D.; Griffin, F.; Terranova, P.F. Zoo Biology, 1989, v. 8 (2), p. 165-170. ISSN: 0733-3188.

            NAL call no: QL77.5.Z6

            Descriptors: steroid content, urinary androstenedione, hormones, musth.

Anatomy of the reproductive tract of the female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with reference to development of techniques for artificial breeding. Balke, J.M.E.; Boever, W.J.; Ellersieck, M.R.; Seal, U.S.; Smith, D.A. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1988, v. 84 (2), p. 485-492. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL c all no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: artificial insemination, female genitalia, anatomy, elephants.

Ovarian function in the elephant: Lutenizing hormone and progesterone cycle in African and Asian elephants. Plotka, E.D.; Seal, U.S.; Zarembka, F.R.; Simmons, L.G.; Teare, A.; Phillips, L.G.; Hinshaw, K.C.; Wood, D.G. Biology of Reproduction, Mar. 1988, v. 38 (2), p. 309-314. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: LH blood, ovary physiology, progesterone blood, elephant physiology.

Short and long phases of progesterone secretion during the oestrus cycle of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Brannian, J.D.; Griffin, F.; Papkoff, H.; Terranova, P.F. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1988, v. 84 (1), p. 357-365. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: hormones, oestradiol, LH, levels, ovarian cycle, serum progesterone.

Circulating hormones during pregnancy in the Asian and African elephants, Elaphus maximus and Loxodonta africana: A diagnostic test based on the measurement of prolactin. Hodges, J.K.; McNeilly, A.S.; Hess, D.L. International Zoo Year Book, 1987, v. 26, p. 285-289. ISSN: 0074-9664.

            NAL call no: QL76.I5

            Descriptors: reproductive techniques, prolactin levels, pregnancy, hormones,

Role of musth in the reproductive strategy of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Hall-Martin A.J. South African Journal of Science, 1987, v. 83 (10), p. 616-620. ISSN: 0038-2353.

            NAL call no: 515 SO84

            Descriptors: reproductive behavior, musth implications, Loxodonta.

SEM of sperm in the testis and Wolffian duct of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Van der Horst, G.; Jacobs, S.; van Aswegen, G. Elektronmikroskopievereniging van Suidelike Afrika Verrigtings, 1987, v. 17, p. 79-80. ISSN: 0250-0418.

            Descriptors: sperm, Wolffian duct, sperm structural changes, testis.

Influence of cryoprotective diluent on post-thaw viability and acrosomal integrity of spermatozoa of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Howard, J.G.; Bush, M.; de Vos, V.; Schiewe, M.C.; Pursel, V.G.; Wildt, D.E. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1986, v. 78 (1), p. 295-306. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: cryopreservation techniques, diluents, freezing and thawing evaluation.

Polyp in the urogenital canal of an African elephant. Munson, L.; Heuschele, W.; O’Banion, M.K.; Sundberg, J.P.; Oosterhuis, J.E. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1986, v. 189 (9), p. 1190-1191. ref. ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL call no: 41.8 AM3

            Descriptors: female genital diseases, neoplasms, polyps, elephants.

The secretion of the temporal gland of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana, as an elephant repellent. Gorman, M.L. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 1986, v. 2 (2), p. 187-190. ISSN: 0266-4674.

            NAL call no: QH5451.5.T7J68

            descriptors: repellents, avoidance behavior, control programs, temporal glands.

Further developments in comparative semen freezing in free-ranging African elephants. Howard, J.G.; Bush, M.; Schiewe, M.C.; de Vos, V.; Wildt, D.E. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Proceedings, 1985, p. 31-32. ISSN: 0095-0610.

            NAL call no: SF605.A4

            Descriptors: semen, cryopreservation techniques, semen freezing.

Plasma testosterone levels in relation to musth in the male African elephant. Hall-Martin, A.J.; van der Walt, L.A. Koedoe, 1985, v. 27, p. 147-149. ISSN: 0075-6458.

            NAL call no: SB484.S6K6

            Descriptors: hormones, testosterone, levels in plasma, relation to musth.

Electroejaculation, semen characteristics and serum testosterone concentrations of free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Howard, J.G.; Bush, M.; de Vos, V.; Wildt, D.E. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Sept. 1984, v. 72 (1), p. 187-195. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: semen collection, testosterone plasma levels, ejaculate volume.

Foetal mass and date of conception in African elephants: A revised formula. Craig, G.C. South African Journal of Science, 1984, v. 80 (11), p. 512-516. ISSN: 0038-2353.

            NAL call no: 515 SO84

            Descriptors: weight, foetus, conception date, revised formula and results.

Musth and urinary testosterone concentrations in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Poole, J.H.; Kasman, L.H.; Ramsay, E.C.; Lasley, B.L. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Jan. 1984, v. 70 (1), p. 255-260. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: steroid content, testosterone in urine, hormones, musth, behavior.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in elephant serum and temporal gland secretions. Rasmussen, L.E.; Buss, I.O.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J. Biology of Reproduction, 1984, v. 30 (2), p. 352-362. ISSN: 0006-3363.

            NAL call no: QL876.B5

            Descriptors: Elephas, Loxodonta, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, serum levels.

On afterbirth, especially elephants. Benirschke, K. Zoonooz, 1983, v. 56 (9), p. 12-13. ISSN: 0044-5282.

            NAL call no: QL1.Z65

            Descriptors: Loxodonta, placenta, after birth description.

Blood concentrations of gonadotropins, prolactin and gonadal steroids in males and in non-pregnant and pregnant female African elephants (Loxodonta africana). McNeilly, A.S.; Martin, R.D.; Hodges, J.K.; Smuts, G.L. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1983, v. 67 (1), p. 113-120. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222 

            Descriptors: animal genetics and breeding, gonadal steroids, prolactin.

Circulating oestrogen concentrations during pregnancy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Hodges, J.K.; Henderson, C.; McNeilly, A.S. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1983, v. 67 (1), p. 121-127. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: hormones, oestrogen concentrations during pregnancy, pregnancy.

Oestrus behavior and female choice in the African elephant. Moss, C.J. Behavior, 1983, v. 86 (3-4), p. 167-196. ISSN: 0005-7959.

            NAL call no: 410 B393

            Descriptors: reproduction, ovarian cycle, oestrous behavior, mating, Loxodonta.

Musth in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Poole, J.H.; Moss, C.J. Nature, 1981, v. 292 (5826), p. 830-831. ISSN: 0028-0836.

            NAL call no: 472 N21

            Descriptors: males, aggressive behavior, Loxodonta.

Semen collection in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana): A step towards artificial insemination. Rueedi, D.; Kuepfer, U. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Proceedings, 1981, p. 142-143. ISSN: 0095-0610.

            NAL call no: SF605.A4

            Descriptors: Loxodonta, semen collection, electroejaculation, ovarian cycle.

Studies on the deferent ducts from the testes of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. 1. Structural differentiation. Jones, R.C.; Brosnan, M.F. Journal of Anatomy, May 1981, v. 132 (3), p. 371-386. ISSN: 0021-8782.

            NAL call no: 447.8 J826

            Descriptors: testis, deferent ducts, transversal, structural differentiation.

Luminal composition and maturation of spermatozoa in the genital ducts of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Jones, R.C. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Sept. 1980, v. 60 (1), p. 87-93. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: rete testis fluid, sperm, maturation site in genital ducts.

Studies of the deferent ducts from the testis of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. 2. Histochemistry of the epididymis. Holt, W.V.; Jones, R.C.; Skinner, J.D. Journal of Anatomy, Mar.1980, v. 130 (2), p. 367-379. ISSN: 0021-8782.

            NAL call no: 447.8 J826

            Descriptors: sperm ducts, epididymis ultrastructure, histochemistry, Loxodonta.

Cervico-vaginal prolapse in an African elephant. Mollel, C.L. East African Wildlife Journal, 1978, v. 16 (1), p. 59.

            NAL call no: 409.6 Ea7

            Descriptors: ducts of female, injuries, cervico-vaginal prolapse, Loxodonta.

Studies on handling spermatozoa from the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Jones, R.C. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 1978, No. 43, p. 261-269. ISSN: 0084-5612.

            NAL call no: QP301.V47

            Descriptors: semen collection, sperm survival, sperm, laboratory survival.

Parturition and related behavior in the African elephant. Leuthold, W.; Leuthold, B.M. Z. Tierpsychol, 1975, v. 39, p. 75-84.

            NAL call no: 410 Z35

            Descriptors: parturition, behavior, elephant.

Reproduction of elephant in Gonarezhou, South-Eastern Rhodesia. Sherry, B.Y. Salisbury: National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, 1975, 14 p. ill. map.

            NAL call no: QL461.A7 v. 7 (29).

            Descriptors: reproduction, elephant, Gonarezhou, Rhodesia.

The formation and function of the corpus luteum in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Hanks, J.; Short, R.V. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Apr. 1972, v. 29 (11), p. 79-89. ref. ISSN: 0022-4251.

            NAL call no: 442.8 J8222

            Descriptors: corpus luteum, formation, function, elephant.

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