Catalogue Query Results

Formicococcus Takahashi

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus Takahashi, 1928a: 253. Type species: Formicococcus cinnamomi Takahashi, by original designation.

Formicicoccus; Lindinger, 1932f: 197. Misspelling of genus name.

Planococcoides Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 53. Type species: Pseudococcus njalensis Laing, by original designation. Synonymy by Williams, 2004a: 272.

Indococcus Ali, 1967a: 35. Type species: Indococcus pipalae Ali, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy by Williams, 2004a: 272.

Formicoccus; Wang, 1982TC: 20. Misspelling of genus name.

Formicoccus; Tang, 1984b: 125. Misspelling of genus name.

Formicoccus; Tang, 2001: 3. Misspelling of genus name.

GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Takahashi (1928a), Ferris (1955), Ezzat & McConnell (1956), Tu et al. (1988), Tang (1992) and by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 43 (female) [Genera of southern Asia]; Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia]; Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicoccus species of China]; Tang 1992: 277 (female) [Palaearctic and Oriental Region]; Tang 1992: 287 (female) [species Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Tang 1992: 341 (female) [China]; Tang 1992: 277 (female) [Palaearctic and Oriental Region]; Tang 1992: 293 (female) [species Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Cox 1989: 3 (female) [World]; Tu et al. 1988: 73 (female) [Taiwan]; Tu et al. 1988: 76 (female) [species Taiwan]; Avasthi & Shafee 1987: 3 (female) [India]; Avasthi & Shafee 1987: 4 (female) [India]; Wang 1982: 20 (female) [China ].

CITATIONS: Afifi1968 [taxonomy: 106]; Ali1967a [taxonomy, description: 35]; BenDov1994 [catalogue: 169,203,350]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy, description: 35,53]; Ferris1955 [taxonomy, description: 4]; Lindin1932f [taxonomy: 197]; MorrisMo1966 [taxonomy, catalogue: 81,157]; Takaha1928a [taxonomy, description: 253]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description: 292-293,358]; Tang2001 [taxonomy: 3]; Tao1999 [taxonomy: 17,23]; TuWuLe1988 [taxonomy, description: 75,78]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description: 272-274]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150-152]; WuZh2001 [taxonomy, description: 200-205].



Formicococcus acanthodes (Wang)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pedronia acanthodes Wang, 1979: 270. Type data: CHINA: Xizang [= Tibet], Yadong, on Vaccinium iteophyllum. Holotype female. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Described: female. Illust.

Indococcus acanthodes; Tang, 1992: 293. Change of combination.

Formicococcus acanthodes; ScaleNet, 2004: xx. Change of combination.



HOSTS: Ericaceae: Vaccinium [PolavaDaMi2000], Vaccinium iteophyllum [Wang1979, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China (Xizang (=Tibet) [Wang1979, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Wang (1979).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Indococcus with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Tang 1992: 293 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions].

CITATIONS: PolavaDaMi2000 [host, distribution: 558]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 293, 294]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 5]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 17]; Wang1979 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 270-272]; Wang1980 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 286].



Formicococcus acerneus Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus acerneus Williams, 2004a: 274. Type data: PAKISTAN: Peshawar, on Acer sp.; collected M.A. Ghani, 21.xii.1962. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Aceraceae: Acer [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Pakistan [Willia2004a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Decsription and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 274-276].



Formicococcus anaboranae (Mamet)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcus anaboranae Mamet, 1959a: 403. Type data: MADAGASCAR: Anaborano, on 'Dimaka'. Holotype female. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides anaboranae; Cox, 1989: 3. Change of combination.

Formicococcus anaboranae; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



HOST: Arecaceae: Cocos nucifera [Mamet1959a, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Madagascar [Mamet1959a, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Mamet (1959a).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 350]; Cox1989 [taxonomy: 3]; Mamet1959a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 402-404]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus burckhardti Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus burckhardti Williams, 2004a: 276. Type data: MALAYSIA: Sabah, Kinabalu National Partk, Liwagu Trail, in sifted vegetation debris; collected D. Burckhardt, 29.iv.1987. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Malaysia (Sabah [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicoccus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 276-278].



Formicococcus cameronensis (Takahashi)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus cameronensis Takahashi, 1951a: 5. Type data: MALAYSIA: West Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, on undetermined tree. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan. Described: female.

Ferrisicoccus cameronensis; Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 34. Change of combination.

Dysmicoccus cameronensis; Ben-Dov, 1999: 380. Change of combination.

Formicococcus cameronensis; Williams, 2004a: 278. Change of combination.

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Malaysia [Takaha1951a, BenDov1994, Willia2004a].

BIOLOGY: Attended by ants, Crematogaster sp.

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Takahashi (1951a) and by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia]; Ezzat & McConnell 1956: 31 (female) [World].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 168]; BenDov1999 [taxonomy: 380]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy, description: 34, 35]; Takaha1951a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 5-7]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 285]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 278-280].



Formicococcus celtis (Strickland)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus celtis Strickland, 1947: 154. Type data: GHANA: Tafo, on Celtis sp. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcus celtis; Williams, 1958b: 26. Change of combination.

Planococcoides celtus; Cox & Freeston, 1985: 726. Misspelling of species name.

Formicococcus celtis; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



HOST: Urticaceae: Celtis [Strick1947, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Ghana [Strick1947, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Strickland (1947) and by Williams (1958b).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 350]; Strick1947 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 154-156]; Willia1958b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 26-28]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus cinnamomi Takahashi

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus cinnamomi Takahashi, 1928a: 253. Type data: TAIWAN: Hokuto, Taihoku [= Taipei], on Cinnamomum camphora. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan. Described: female.

Formicoccus cinnamomi; Tang et al., 1992: 5. Misspelling of genus name.

Ferrisicoccus cinnamomi; Tang, 2001: 3. Change of combination.



HOSTS: Ebenaceae: Diospyros [EzzatMc1956, BenDov1994]. Lauraceae: Cinnamomum camphora [Takaha1928a, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Taiwan [Takaha1928a, BenDov1994]. Palaearctic: China [EzzatMc1956, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Protected by the ant Crematogaster rogenhoferi.

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Ferris (1955), Ezzat & McConnell (1956) and by Tu et al. (1988).

KEYS: Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicococcus species of China]; Tang 1992: 287 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Tu et al. 1988: 76 (female) [Taiwan].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 169]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 35-37]; Ferris1955 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 4, 5]; Takaha1928a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 253-257]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 287-288]; Tang2001 [taxonomy, distribution: 3]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 5]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15]; TuWuLe1988 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 75, 88]; WuZh2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 200-205].



Formicococcus cocotis Williams & Matile-Ferrero

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus cocotis Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Type data: TANZANIA: Zanzibar, Kidichi, on Cocos nucifera; collected 10.ix.1958, by M.J. Way. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Arecaceae: Cocos nucifera [WilliaMa2005a].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Tanzania [WilliaMa2005a]; Zanzibar [WilliaMa2005a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Decsription and illustration of adult female by Williams & Matile-Ferrer (2005a).

CITATIONS: WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 150-152].



Formicococcus comantis (Wang)

NOMENCLATURE:

Paraputo comantis Wang, 1978: 416. Type data: CHINA: Chekiang, on Fraxinus chinensis. Holotype female. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Described: female. Illust.

Formicococcus comantis; Tang, 1992: 288. Change of combination.

Formicococcus commantis; Tang, 1992: 288. Change of combination.

Formicococcus commantis; Tang, 1992: 288. Misspelling of species name.

Formicoccus commantis; Tang et al., 1992: 5. Misspelling of genus and species names.

Formicococcus commantis; Tao, 1999: 15. Misspelling of species name.



HOST: Oleaceae: Fraxinus chinensis [Wang1978, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China [Wang1978, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Wang (1978) and by Tang (1992).

KEYS: Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicococcus species of China]; Tang 1992: 287 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Wang 1982a: 315 (female) [China].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 169]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 288, 289]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 5]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15]; Wang1978 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 415, 416]; WuZh2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 200-205].



Formicococcus crassus (De Lotto)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcus crassus De Lotto, 1961: 219. Type data: KENYA: Nairobi, on Ficus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides crassus; Cox, 1989: 3. Change of combination.

Formicococcus crassus; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



HOST: Moraceae: Ficus [DeLott1961, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Kenya [DeLott1961, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by De Lotto (1961).

STRUCTURE: Nur et al. (1987) reported chromosome number 2n=10.

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 350]; Cox1989 [taxonomy: 3]; DeLott1961 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 219-220]; NurBrBe1987 [distribution, structure: 55]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus dispersus Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus dispersus Williams, 2004a: 280. Type data: INDONESIA: Sumatra, Sumatra Barat, Cagra Alam, near Badang Pelupah, 12 km north of Bukittingi, inside stems of Neonauclea sp., associated with Crematogaster sp. ants; collected J. Moog, 12.iii.1988. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Rubiaceae: Neonauclea [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 280-282].



Formicococcus eriobotryae Wang

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus eriobotryae Wang, 1985: 444. Type data: CHINA: Fujian Province, on Eriobotrya sp. Holotype female. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Described: female. Illust.

Formicoccus eriobotryae; Tang et al., 1992: 5. Misspelling of genus name.



HOST: Rosaceae: Eriobotrya [Wang1985, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China [Wang1985, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Living on roots of its host plant (Wang, 1985; Huang et al., 1986).

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Wang (1985). Good description of the adult female given by Tang (1992).

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: Huang et al, (1986) recorted this mealybug as a pest of loquat in Yunxiao County, Fujian Province, china.

KEYS: Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicococcus species of China]; Tang 1992: 287 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 170]; HuangShFa1986 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, economic importance, control: 277-282,]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 289, 290]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 5]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15]; Wang1985 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 444, 445]; WuZh2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 200-205].



Formicococcus erythrinae Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus erythrinae Williams, 2004a: 282. Type data: INDIA: Karnataka, Coorg [Kodagu], on Erythrina lithosperma; collected 28.ix.1962. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Fabaceae: Erythrina lithosperma [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Karnataka [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 282-284].



Formicococcus formicarii (Green)

NOMENCLATURE:

Tylococcus formicarii Green, 1922: 368. Type data: SRI LANKA: Maha Illupalama, from nests of Crematogaster on Grewia columnaria. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Farinococcus formicarii; Green, 1937: 289. Change of combination.

Formicococcus formicarii; Williams, 2004a: 284. Change of combination.



HOST: Tiliaceae: Grewia columnaria [Green1922, BenDov1994, Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1922, BenDov1994, Willia2004a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Green (1922) and by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 243-244 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia]; Tang 1992: 317 (female) [Palaearctic region].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 161]; Green1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 368]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 289]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 318, 319]; Varshn1992 [host, distribution: 51]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 284-286].



Formicococcus formicarius (Newstead)

NOMENCLATURE:

Dactylopius formicarius Newstead, 1900: 249. Type data: INDIA: North Konkan, Matheran Hill, with Crematogaster sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female.

Dactylopius formiceticola Newstead, 1901a: 86. Unjustified replacement name; discovered by Ben-Dov, 1994: 391.

Pseudococcus formiceticola; Fernald, 1903b: 102. Change of combination.

Formicococcus formicarius; Williams, 2004a: 286. Change of combination.



HOST: Staphyleaceae: Turpinia pomifera [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India [Newste1900, BenDov1994] (Maharashtra [Willia2004a], Tamil Nadu [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a). Description of adult female given by Newstead (1900).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 243-244 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 391]; Fernal1903b [taxonomy, catalogue: 249]; Newste1900 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 249]; Newste1901a [taxonomy: 86]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution: 344]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 286-288].



Formicococcus formosus (De Lotto)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcus formosus De Lotto, 1961: 221. Type data: UGANDA: Kisinga, on Coffea arabica. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides formosus; Cox, 1989: 3. Change of combination.

Formicococcus formosus; Williams & matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



HOST: Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [DeLott1961, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Kenya [DeLott1961, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by De Lotto (1961).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 351]; Cox1989 [taxonomy: 3]; DeLott1961 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 221]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus gasteris (Wang)

NOMENCLATURE:

Paraputo gasteris Wang, 1982a: 317. Type data: CHINA: Sichuan Province, on Gastrodia Elata. Holotype female. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Described: female. Illust.

Formicococcus gastrodiae Tang, 1992: 594. Type data: CHINA: Shanxi Province, on Gastrodia elata. Holotype female. Type depository: Shanxi: Entomological Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Wu & Zheng, 2001: 201, 204.

Formicococcus gasteris; Wu & Zheng, 2001: 201, 204. Change of combination.

Formicococcus gastroidae; Wu & Zheng, 2001: 204. Misspelling of genus name. Notes: Mis-spelling of Formicococcus gastrodiae Tang, 1992.



HOST: Orchidaceae: Gastrodia elata [Tang1992, Wang1982a, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China [Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, Wang1982a, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Infests the roots of the host plant.

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of the adult female by Wang (1982a) and by Tang (1992).

KEYS: Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicococcus species of China]; Wang 1982a: 315 (female) [China ].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 170, 283]; BenDovWi2006 [taxonomy: 252]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 594, 595, 720]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15, 21-22]; Wang1982a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 317-318]; WuZh2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 200-205].



Formicococcus greeni (Vayssiere)

NOMENCLATURE:

Lachnodius greeni Vayssiere, 1914: 156. Type data: MADAGASCAR: on coffee. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France. Described: female.

Formicococcus greeni; Mamet, 1954: 5. Change of combination.



HOST: Rubiaceae: Coffea [Vayssi1914, Mamet1954, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Madagascar [Vayssi1914, Mamet1954, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Living on roots of Coffea sp.

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Vayssiere (1914), Mamet (1954) and by Ferris (1955). Good description of the adult female given by Vayssiere (1915).

KEYS: Tang 1992: 287 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 170]; Ferris1955 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 5]; Mamet1954 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 5-7]; Sassce1915 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 27]; Vayssi1914 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 136, 137].



Formicococcus ireneus (De Lotto)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus latipes De Lotto, 1955: 271. Type data: UGANDA: Toro, on Coffea robusta. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Homonym of Pseudococcus latipes Green.

Planococcoides ireneus De Lotto, 1964: 370. Replacement name for Pseudococcus latipies De Lotto.

Formicococcus ireneus; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



HOSTS: Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [DeLott1967a, BenDov1994], Coffea canephora [DeLott1967a, BenDov1994], Coffea robusta [DeLott1955, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Angola [DeLott1967a, Almeid1973b, BenDov1994]; Uganda [DeLott1955, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by De Lotto (1955). Good description and illustration of the adult male given by Afifi (1968).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here (in ScaleNet) assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: Afifi1968 [taxonomy, male, description, illustration: 106-110]; Almeid1973b [host, distribution: 19]; BenDov1994 [catalogue: 351]; DeLott1955 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 271-273]; DeLott1964 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 370]; DeLott1967a [host, distribution: 118-119].



Formicococcus latens Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus latens Williams, 2004a: 288. Type data: INDIA: West Bengal, Kalimpong, on roots of mulberry, Morus sp.; collected 12.xi.1963. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Moraceae: Morus [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Sikkim [Willia2004a], West Bengal [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 243-244 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 288-290].



Formicococcus lindingeri (Bodenheiemr)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus variabilis Hall, 1924: 5. Type data: EGYPT: Sheikh Fadl, on Saccharum officinarum, and ISRAEL: Jaffa, on S.officinarum. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Ben-Dov, 1980: 269.

Pseudococcus lindingeri Bodenheiemr, 1924: 81. Type data: ISRAEL: Miqwe Yisrael, on Panicum colonum. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Ben-Dov, 1980: 269. Type depository: Bet Dagan: Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Israel. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcus variabilis; Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 101. Change of combination.

Planococcus lindingeri; Ben-Dov, 1980: 269. Change of combination.

Planococcoides lindingeri; Cox & Ben-Dov, 1986: 482. Change of combination.

Formicococcus lindingeri; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



FOE: HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Leptomastidea bifasciata (Mayr) [AbdRab2001d].

HOSTS: Arecaceae: Phoenix [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Cyperaceae: Cyperus longus [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Fabaceae: Trifolium [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Lauraceae: Persea americana [CoxBe1986, BenDov1994]. Malvaceae: Gossypium [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Orobanchaceae: Orobanche [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Poaceae: Agrostis [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Andropogon sudanensis [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Cynodon dactylon [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Imperata [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Panicum colonum [Bodenh1924, BenDov1994], Panicum viride [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Poa bulbosa [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Polypogon [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Saccharum officinarum [Hall1924, BenDov1994], Sorghum halepense [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Sporobolus spicatus [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Triticum vulgare [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Zea [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Solanaceae: Nicotiana [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]. Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum album [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: Egypt [Hall1924, BenDov1994]; Israel [Bodenh1924, BenDov1980, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Williams (1970DJ). Good description of the adult female given by Tang (1992).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here (in ScaleNet) assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: This mealybug occurs on sugar-cane (Williams, 1970DJ) and on roots of avocado seedlings in nurseries (Cox & Ben-Dov, 1986) but there is no evidence that it is injurious to these crops.

KEYS: Cox & Ben-Dov 1986: 482 (female) [Mediterranean basin].

CITATIONS: AbdRab2001d [distribution, biological control: 1362]; BenDov1980 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 351]; BenDov1994 [catalogue: 351]; Bodenh1924 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 81-83]; Bodenh1937 [host, distribution: 219]; CoxBe1986 [taxonomy: 482]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 100-103]; EzzatNa1987 [distribution: 89]; Hall1924 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 5-6]; SwirskWyIz2002 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, economic importance,: 68-69]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 360-361]; Willia1970DJ [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 165-167]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus lingnani (Ferris)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcus lingnani Ferris, 1954a: 52. Type data: CHINA: Canton, Lingnan University Campus, on undetermined grass. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides lingnani; Williams, 1970: 163. Change of combination.

Formicococcus lingnani; Williams, 2004a: 290. Change of combination.



HOSTS: Arecaceae: Areca catechu [Willia2004a]. Poaceae: Cyperus rotunda [Willia2004a], Oryza sativa [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994, Willia2004a], Saccharum officinarum [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994], Sorghum vulgare [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Karnataka [Willia2004a]); Indonesia (Java [Willia2004a]); Malaysia [Willia2004a] (Malaya [Willia1970DJ, BenDov1994]); Thailand [Willia2004a]. Palaearctic: China [Ferris1954a, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Occurring on the stems of the host plant.

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1954a), Williams (1970DJ) and by Williams (2004a).

SYSTEMATICS: Williams (2004a) elucidated the intraspecific variation of taxonomic characters, and provided two diagramatic illustrations of the adult female.

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 243-244 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 352]; Ferris1954 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 52]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 361-362]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 6]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 24]; Willia1970DJ [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 162-164]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 290-293].



Formicococcus macarangae (Takahashi)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus macarangae Takahashi, 1940: 18. Type data: TAIWAN: Karenko Prefecture, Garanabi, on Macaranga tanarius and Mallotus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan. Described: female.

Planococcoides macarangae; Tu et al., 1988: 78. Change of combination.

Formicococcus macarangae; ScaleNet, 2004: xx. Change of combination.



HOSTS: Euphorbiaceae: Macaranga sinensis [TuWuLe1988, BenDov1994], Macaranga tanarius [Takaha1940, BenDov1994], Mallotus [Takaha1940, BenDov1994], Mallotus japonicus [TuWuLe1988, BenDov1994]. Fabaceae: Pueraria lobata [TuWuLe1988, BenDov1994]. Moraceae: Ficus microcarpa [TuWuLe1988, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Taiwan [Takaha1940, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Living in shelters constructed by ants of Crematogaster sp. (Takahashi, 1940).

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Takahashi (1940) and by Tu et al. (1988). Good description of the adult female given by Tang (1992).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here (in ScaleNet) assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 352]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy: 106]; Takaha1940 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 18-21]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 362-363]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 6]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 24]; TuWuLe1988 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 78-79, 91].



Formicococcus mangiferacola Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus mangiferacola Williams, 2004a: 293. Type data: INDIA: Maharashtra, Sindhudurg District, Venguria, on shoots of Mangifera indica; collected N.N. Knochare, 9.x.1989. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Karnataka [Willia2004a], Maharashtra [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

SYSTEMATICS: Williams (2004a) elucidated the intraspecific variation of taxonomic characters, and provided two diagramatic illustrations of the adult female.

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 243-244 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 293-296].



Formicococcus matileae Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus matileae Williams, 2004a: 297. Type data: CAMBODIA: Phnom Penh, on Sapota [Manilkara] achras, probably Manilkara zapota. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOSTS: Clusiaceae: Gracinia mangostana [Willia2004a]. Sapotaceae: Manilkara zapota [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Burma (=Myanmar) [Willia2004a]; Kampuchea (=Cambodia) [Willia2004a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

SYSTEMATICS: Williams (2004a) elucidated the intraspecific variation of taxonomic characters, and provided two diagramatic illustrations of the adult female.

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 297-299].



Formicococcus monticola (Green)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus monticola Green, 1922: 378. Type data: SRI LANKA: Maskeliya and Patipola, on bamboo ('elephant grass'). Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Williams, 2004a: 300. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides monticola; Tang, 1992: 363. Change of combination.

Pseudococcus monticola; Ben-Dov, 1994: 404. Revived combination.

Formicococcus monticola; Williams, 2004a: 300. Change of combination.



HOST: Poaceae: Bambusa [Green1922, BenDov1994, Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1922, BenDov1994, Willia2004a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 404]; Green1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 378]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 363]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 300-302].



Formicococcus mumensis (Tang)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcus mumensis Tang, 1977: 34. Type data: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Huangyan County, Mumshan, on Prunus mume. Holotype female. Type depository: Shanxi: Entomological Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides mumensis; Cox, 1989: 3. Change of combination.

Formicococcus mumensis; ScaleNet, 2004: xx. Change of combination.



HOST: Rosaceae: Prunus mume [Tang1977, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China [Tang1977, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Tang (1977, 1992).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here (in ScaleNet) assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 352]; Cox1989 [taxonomy: 3]; Tang1977 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 34-35]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 374-375, 745]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 7]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 25].



Formicococcus njalensis (Laing)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus njalensis Laing, 1929a: 472. Type data: SIERRA LEONE: Njala, on coffee berries. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Pseudococcus exitiabilis Laing, 1944: 91. Type data: GHANA: Tafo, on Theobroma cacao. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Hall, 1945: 305.

Planococcoides njalensis; Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 55. Change of combination.

Planococcus lamabokensis Balachowsky & Ferrero, 1966: 69. Type data: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: La Maboke, on Theobroma cacao. Holotype female. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 146.

Planococcoides lamabokensis; Cox & Freeston, 1985: 720. Change of combination.

Formicococcus lamabokensis; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 146. Change of combination.

Formicococcus njalensis; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.

COMMON NAME: cacao mealybug [Bartle1978e].



FOES: Nephus ornatulus Korschefsky [Hargre1937]. COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Rodolia occidentalis Weise [Hargre1937]. DIPTERA Cecidomyidae: Triommata coccotroctes Barnes [Hargre1937]. HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Coccophoctonus abengouroui Risbec [Risbec1949], Leptomastix longipennis Mercet [Risbec1949], Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus (Mercet) [Trjapi1989, BenDov1994].

HOSTS: Acanthaceae: Brillantaisia nitens [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Anacardiaceae: Anacardium occidentale [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Annonaceae: Annona muricata [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994], Enantia chlorantha [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Uvariodendron [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Xylopia parviflora [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]. Apocynaceae: Carissa edulis [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Conopharyngia [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Motandra guineensis [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Voacanga africana [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Araliaceae: Cussonia [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Asclepiadaceae: Pergularia extensa [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Asteraceae: Aspilia latifolia [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Vernonia conferta [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Bignoniaceae: Newbouldia laevis [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Bombacaceae: Ceiba pentandra [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Bromeliaceae: Ananas comosus [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Clusiaceae: Harungana madagascariensis [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]. Cucurbitaceae: Telfairea occidentalis [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Ebenaceae: Diospyros canaliculata [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]. Euphorbiaceae: Alchornea cordifolia [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Antidesma laciniatum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Codiaeum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Macaranga barteri [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Macaranga heudolotii [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Microdesmis puberula [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Ricinodendron africanum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Fabaceae: Acacia pennata [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Albizia ferruginea [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Baphia nitida [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Cassia siamea [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Chidlowia sanguinea [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Delonix regia [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Erythrina nitida [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Hymenostegia afzelii [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Leptoderris [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994], Lonchocarpus [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Parkia filicoidea [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Lamiaceae: Platystoma africana [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Lauraceae: Persea gratissima [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Lecythidaceae: Combretodendron africanum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Napoleona parviflora [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Napoleona voegelii [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Moraceae: Ficus sur [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994], Musanga smithii [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Myrianthus arboreus [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Ochnaceae: Lophira alata [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Olacaceae: Strombosia pustulata [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Polygalaceae: Carpolobia lutea [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Rubiaceae: Canthium glabriflorum [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Coffea canephora [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994], Coffea excelsa [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Coffea liberica [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Craterispermum ceranthum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Cuviera acutiflora [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Mitragyna stipulosa [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Psychotria [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Randia malleifera [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Rothmannia withfieldii [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994], Sabicea ferruginea [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]. Rutaceae: Fagara xanthoxyoides [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Samydaceae: Homalium [Hall1945, BenDov1994]. Sapindaceae: Blighia sapida [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Chytranthus [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Lecaniodiscus cupanioides [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Paullinia pinnata [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Phialodiscus unjugatus [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Sapotaceae: Synsepalum dulcificum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Solanaceae: Solanum torvum [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Sterculiaceae: Cola acuminata [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Cola chlamydantha [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Cola cordifolia [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Cola togoensis [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Octolobus spectabilis [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Sterculia elegantifolia [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Sterculia rhinopetala [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Sterculia setigera [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Sterculia tragacantha [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Theobroma cacao [Laing1944, BalachFe1966, Entwis1958, BenDov1994]. Tiliaceae: Desplatsia chrysochlamys [CouturMaRi1985, Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Desplatsia dewevrei [Strick1947a, BenDov1994], Desplatsia lutea [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Ulmaceae: Trema guineensis [Strick1947a, BenDov1994]. Umbelliferae: Tetrapleura tetraptera [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]. Urticaceae: Musanga cecropioides [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]. Verbenaceae: Clerodendrum [Hall1945, BenDov1994], Vitex grandifolia [Strick1947a, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Cameroon [CABI1974, BenDov1994]; Central African Republic [BalachFe1966, BenDov1994]; Côte d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) [CouturMaRi1985, BenDov1994]; Ghana [Laing1944, Campbe1983, BenDov1994]; Guinea [CABI1974, BenDov1994]; Liberia [CABI1974, BenDov1994]; Nigeria [CABI1974, BenDov1994]; Sao Tome and Principe (Principe [CABI1974, BenDov1994], Sao Tome [CABI1974, BenDov1994]); Sierra Leone [Laing1929a, Hargre1937, CABI1974, BenDov1994]; Togo [CABI1974, BenDov1994]; Zaire [CABI1974, BenDov1994].

BIOLOGY: Magnin (1953) studied the life history and reproduction mode of this mealybug in the Ivory Coast. The dispersal by movement of crawlers was studied by Cornwell (1959), and Cornwell (1961) evaluated the role air currents in dispersal of the insect on cacao in Ghana. Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1968). Campbell (1983) assessed the presence and spatial distribution on cocoa trees in Ghana. Natural enemies discussed by Bartlett (1978) and by Moore (1988). Parasites in Palaearctic region discussed by Trjapitzin (1989).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of the adult female given by Ezzat & McConnell (1956) and by Balachowsky & Ferrero (1966) (as Planococcus lamabokensis). Description and illustration of the female and male larvae and adults, and the spermatophores given by Magnin (1953).

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: This species is the most important mealybug vector of "swollen shoot" virus disease of cacao in West Africa (Strickland, 1951, 1951a; Hanna et al., 1952, 1955, 1956; Hanna & Heatherington, 1957, 1959).

CITATIONS: Adegbo1971 [life history, economic importance: 75-82]; AduAmpAdOw1999 [economic importance, biological control, host, distribution: 24-26]; BalachFe1966 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 69-72]; Bartle1978e [economic importance, biological control, host, distribution: 156, 157]; BenDov1994 [catalogue: 351-353]; BruntKe1971 [host, economic importance, virus: 591-602]; Buckle1987 [life history, ecology: 53-85]; CABI1974 [distribution]; Campbe1983 [life history: 137-151]; Campbe1984 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 163-174]; Clause1958 [economic importance, biological control: 291-310]; Cornwe1956 [host, distribution, life history, virus: 137-166]; Cornwe1959 [biology: 613-630]; Cornwe1961 [biology: 175-201]; CouturMaRi1985 [taxonomy, description: 280]; CoxFr1985 [taxonomy: 720]; Entwis1958 [host, distribution, economic importance: 31-36]; Entwis1977 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance, biological control: 346-348]; EntwisJoDu1959 [host, distribution: 2040]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 55-59]; Firemp1981 [life history, ecology, economic importance: 229-232]; Firemp1982a [life history, ecology, biological control, economic importance: 100-101]; Greath1971 [host, distribution, biological control ]; HakkonPi1984 [biological control: 1109-1121]; Hall1945 [host, distribution: 305]; HannaHe1957 [host, distribution, economic importance, control, virus-disease vector: 473-480]; HannaHeJu1952 [host, distribution, economic importance, control, virus-disease vector: 334-335]; HannaHeMa1959 [host, distribution, economic importance, control, virus-disease vector: 209-225]; HannaJuHe1955 [host, distribution, economic importance, control, virus-disease vector: 669-710]; HannaJuHe1956 [host, distribution, economic importance, control, virus-disease vector: 219-227]; Hargre1937 [host, distribution: 505-520]; Laing1929a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 472-473]; Laing1944 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 91-93]; MealybSt1987 [life history, economic importance, control: 24-30]; Moore1988 [biological control: 209-225]; Nicol1952 [chemical control: 120]; NicolOwSt1950 [host, distribution, economic importance: 490]; Posnet1947a [host, distribution, economic importance: 388-402]; Risbec1949 [host, distribution, biological control: 578-581]; RojterBoLe1966 [biological control, host, distribution: 110-114]; Strick1947a [host, distribution: 507-508]; Trjapi1989 [biological control: 315]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 146]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus pauliani (Mamet)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcoides pauliani Mamet, 1959a: 401. Type data: MADAGASCAR: Andohahelo, on undetermined plant. Holotype female. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France. Described: female. Illust.

Formicococcus pauliani; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Madagascar [Mamet1959a, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Mamet (1959a).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here (in ScaleNet) assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 352]; Mamet1959a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 400-403]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus polysperes Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus polysperes Williams, 2004a: 302. Type data: MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak, 2 m below ground, on roots of Macaranga triloba; collected ix.1997. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOSTS: Arecaceae: Areca catechu [Willia2004a], Cocos nucifera [Willia2004a], Rhapis excelsa [Willia2004a]. Euphorbiaceae: Macaranga conifera [Willia2004a], Macaranga triloba [Willia2004a], Sapium baccatum [Willia2004a]. Fabaceae: Arachis hypogaea [Willia2004a]. Meliaceae: Lansium domesticum [Willia2004a]. Piperaceae: Piper nigrum [Willia2004a]. Zingiberaceae: Zingiber officinale [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Kerala [Willia2004a], Madhya Pradesh [Willia2004a], Orissa [Willia2004a], Uttar Pradesh [Willia2004a], West Bengal [Willia2004a]); Malaysia [Willia2004a]; Philippines [Willia2004a]; Thailand [Willia2004a]; Vietnam [Willia2004a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female and 2nd instar female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 302-307].



Formicococcus robustus (Ezzat & McConnell)

NOMENCLATURE:

Pseudococcus crotonis; Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1919a: 41. Misidentification; discovered by Williams, 2004a: 307.

Planococcoides robustus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 59. Type data: INDIA: intercepted at New York, U.S.A., on Mangifera indica. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust.

Indococcus pipalae Ali, 1967a: 35. Type data: INDIA: Bihar, Wani near Pusa, on Ficus religiosa. Holotype female. Type depository: Calcutta: Department of Zoology, Calcutta University, West Bengal, India. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Williams, 2004a: 307.

Dysmicoccus cucurbitae Avasthi & Shafee, 1986a: 437. Type data: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, on Cucurbita pepo. Holotype female. Type depository: Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Zoology, India. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Williams, 2004a: 307.

Planococcoides robustus; Nur et al., 1987: 55. Notes: Incorrect citation of "Ezzat" as author.

Planococcoides bengalensis Ghosh & Ghose, 1988LC: 604. Type data: INDIA: Bengal, Kalyani, on Ficus bengalensis. Holotype female. Type depository: Kalyani: Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bihan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Williams, 2004a: 307.

Ferrisicoccus cucurbitae; Tang, 1992: 286. Change of combination.

Ferrisicoccus psidii Mukhopadhyay & Ghose, 1994: 71. Type data: INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, on Psidium guajava. Holotype female. Type depository: Kalyani: Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bihan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Williams, 2004a: 307.

Dysmicoccus psidii; ScaleNet, 2001. Change of combination.

Formicococcus robustus; Williams, 2004a: 307. Change of combination.



HOSTS: Acanthaceae: Crossandra [Varshn1992, BenDov1994]. Anacardiaceae: Lannea coromendelica [Varshn1992, BenDov1994], Mangifera indica [EzzatMc1956, AvasthSh1987, BenDov1994, Willia2004a]. Annonaceae: Annona squamosa [Willia2004a]. Apocynaceae: Tabernaemontana [Willia2004a]. Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera [AvasthSh1987, Varshn1992, BenDov1994]. Asteraceae: Coniza ambigua [Varshn1992, BenDov1994]. Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbita maxima [Willia2004a], Cucurbita pepo [AvasthSh1986a, AvasthSh1987, Varshn1992, BenDov1994]. Fabaceae: Acacia arabica [Varshn1992, BenDov1994], Albizia lebbeck [Varshn1992, BenDov1994], Erythrina [Varshn1992, BenDov1994], Erythrina indica [Willia2004a], Prosopis spicigera [Moghad2004a]. Moraceae: Artocarpus heterophylla [Varshn1992, BenDov1994], Ficus bengalensis [GhoshGh1988LC, Varshn1992, BenDov1994, Willia2004a], Ficus religiosa [Ali1967a, Ali1968a, BenDov1994, Varshn1992, Willia2004a], Morus [Willia2004a]. Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava [MukhopGh1994], Syzigium cumini [Willia2004a]. Papaveraceae: Argemone mexicana [Willia2004a]. Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus [Willia2004a]. Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [Willia2004a]. Rutaceae: Citrus [AvasthSh1987, BenDov1994, Willia2004a]. Vitaceae: Vitis vinifera [Varshn1992, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Bangladesh [Varshn1992, BenDov1994, Willia2004a]; India [AvasthSh1986a, AvasthSh1987, Varshn1992, BenDov1994, Willia2004a] (Andhra Pradesh [Willia2004a], Bihar [Willia2004a], Gujarat [Willia2004a], Karnataka [Willia2004a], Kerala [Willia2004a], Madhya Pradesh [Willia2004a], Maharashtra [GodseBh2003, Willia2004a], Orissa [Willia2004a], Tamil Nadu [MukhopGh1994], Uttar Pradesh [Willia2004a], West Bengal [Willia2004a]); Pakistan [Varshn1992, BenDov1994, Willia2004a]. Palaearctic: Iran [Moghad2004a].

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of the adult female by Ezzat & McConnell (1956), Ali (1968a), Avasthi & Shafee (1986a, 1987), Ghosh & Ghose (1988LC) and by Williams (2004a). Description and illustration (as Planococcoides bengalensis of the female and male larval instars by Ghosh & Ghose (1988LC).

STRUCTURE: Parida & Moharana (1982) and Moharana (1990) reported chromosome number 2n=10 in India.

SYSTEMATICS: Williams (2004a) elucidated the intraspecific variation of taxonomic characters, and provided two diagramatic illustrations of the adult female.

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia]; Tang 1992: 293 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Avasthi & Shafee 1987: 15 (female) [India]; Avasthi & Shafee 1986a: 435 (female) [India].

CITATIONS: Ali1967a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 34-36]; Ali1968a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 204]; AvasthSh1986a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 435-438]; AvasthSh1987 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 16-17,34-36]; BenDov1994 [catalogue: 128,204,350,353-354]; EzzatMc1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 59-60]; GhoshGh1988LC [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 604-610]; GodseBh2003 [host, distribution: 1]; HardyGuHo2008 [taxonomy, phylogeny, DNA analysis: 51-71]; Moghad2004a [host, distribution: 23,142]; Mohara1990 [structure: 47-54]; ParidaMo1982 [taxonomy, distribution, structure: 18-20]; SinhaSaDi1985 [host, distribution: 16]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 286,295,364]; Varshn1992 [host, distribution: 50,53,56]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 307-311]; Willia2005 [taxonomy: 167].



Formicococcus rotundatus (De Lotto)

NOMENCLATURE:

Planococcus rotundatus De Lotto, 1954: 110. Type data: KENYA: Nairobi, on Acacia abyssinica. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Planococcoides rotundatus; Cox, 1989: 3. Change of combination.

Formicococcus rotundatus; Williams & Matile-Ferrero, 2005a: 150. Change of combination.



HOST: Fabaceae: Acacia abyssinica [DeLott1954, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Kenya [DeLott1954, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by De Lotto (1954).

SYSTEMATICS: This species is here (in ScaleNet) assigned to Formicococcus following the synonymy of Planococcoides with Formicococcus, by Williams (2004a).

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 354]; DeLott1954 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 110-111]; WilliaMa2005a [taxonomy: 150].



Formicococcus schimae Takahashi

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus schimae Takahashi, 1929: 40. Type data: TAIWAN: Suisha, on Schima noranhae. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan. Described: female.

Formicoccus schimae; Tang et al., 1992: 5. Misspelling of genus name.

Formicoccus schimae; Tang, 2001: 3. Misspelling of genus name.



HOST: Theaceae: Schima norhanae [Takaha1929, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Taiwan [Takaha1929].

BIOLOGY: Protected under covers constructed by the ant Crematogaster rogenhoferi (Takahashi, 1929).

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Takahashi (1929) and by Tu et al. (1988). Good description of the adult female given by Tang (1992).

KEYS: Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicococcus species of China]; Tang 1992: 287 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Tu et al. 1988: 76 (female) [Taiwan].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 171]; Takaha1929 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 40-43]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 291]; Tang2001 [taxonomy, distribution: 3]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 5]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15]; TuWuLe1988 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 76, 77, 89]; WuZh2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 200-205].



Formicococcus sibolangiticus Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus sibolangiticus Williams, 2004a: 311. Type data: INDONESIA: Sumatra, Sumatera Utara, Sibolangit, Forest Reserve, near Bandar Bari, on Neonauclea sp.; collected U. Mashwitz, 24.v.1992. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Rubiaceae: Neonauclea [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 311-313].



Formicococcus simplicior (Green)

NOMENCLATURE:

Tylococcus simplicior Green, 1922: 369. Type data: SRI LANKA: Maha Illuppalama, on unidentifeid plant, attended by ants, Oecophylla smaragdina. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Williams, 2004a: 313. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.

Farinococcus simplicior; Green, 1937: 289. Change of combination.

Paraputo simplicior; Tang, 1992: 311. Change of combination.

Formicococcus simplicior; Williams, 2004a: 313. Change of combination.

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1922, BenDov1994, Willia2004a].

BIOLOGY: Found in ants' nest, Oecophylla smaragdina.

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Green (1922) and by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia]; Tang 1992: 305 (female) [China].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 162]; Green1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 369]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 289]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution]; Varshn1992 [host, distribution: 51]; Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 313-315].



Formicococcus speciosus (Wang)

NOMENCLATURE:

Paraputo speciosus Wang, 1982a: 316. Type data: CHINA: Hunan Province, on Camellia oleosa. Holotype female. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Described: female. Illust.

Formicococcus speciosus; Tang, 1992: 291. Change of combination.

Formicoccus speciosus; Tang et al., 1992: 5. Misspelling of genus name.



HOST: Theaceae: Camellia oleosa [Wang1982a, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China [Wang1982a, Tang1992, TangHaTa1992, BenDov1994].

GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Wang (1982a). Good description of the adult female given by Tang (1992).

KEYS: Tang 1992: 287 (female) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]; Wang 1982a: 315 (female) [China].

CITATIONS: BenDov1994 [catalogue: 171]; Tang1992 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 291, 292]; TangHaTa1992 [host, distribution: 5]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15]; Wang1982a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 316, 317].



Formicococcus tripurensis Williams

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus tripurensis Williams, 2004a: 315. Type data: INDIA: Tripura, Lambucherra, on grounnuts, Arachis hypogaea; collected M. Ghosh, 9.i.1963. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Fabaceae: Arachis hypogaea [Willia2004a].

DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Tripura [Willia2004a]).

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams (2004a).

KEYS: Williams 2004a: 273-274 (female) [Formicococcus species of southern Asia].

CITATIONS: Willia2004a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 315-317].



Formicococcus yanglingensis Wu, S.A. & Zheng, L.Y.

NOMENCLATURE:

Formicococcus yanglingensis Wu, S.A. & Zheng, L.Y., 2001: 202, 204. Type data: CHINA: Shaanxi, Yangling district, in ant nest, on trunk Prunus cersifera var. purpurea; collected Wu Sanan, 2 September, 1999. Holotype; type no. BNTC. Described: female. Illust.



HOST: Rosaceae: Prunus cerasifera purpurea.

DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China (Shanxi (=Shansi)).

KEYS: Wu & Zheng 2001: 204-205 (female) [Formicococcus species of China].



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