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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Acetonitrile |
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General Description
Synonyms: Methylcyanide; ACN
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0060
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 75-05-8
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: AL7700000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101): 1648 131
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Acetonitrile: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 40 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 40 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 40 ppm, 70 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 20 ppm, 34 mg/m3 TWA; Skin; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 20 ppm, 34 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 500 ppm
Potential symptoms: Nausea, vomiting; headache; hypersalivation; chest pain or tightness; profuse sweating; abdominal pain and hematemesis; weakness, stupor; respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis; convulsions; tachycardia, shock; eye irritation.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat---Mild (HE16); Acute Toxicity---Cyanosis, cardiac, respiratory arrest (HE4). INGES ACUTE: TDLO (human) 570 mg / kg.
Affected organs: Kidneys, liver, CVS, CNS, lung, skin, eyes.
Note: Metabolized by liver to cyanide.
Date Last Revised: 11/02/2001
Literature Basis:
- (profuse sweating, hypersalivation, cardiac and respiratory arrest)
Cohrssen, B.: Cyanides and nitriles. In: Patty's Toxicology, 5th Ed., Vol. 4, Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B., Powell, C.H., eds., New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1406-1410, 2001.
- (headache, respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis, death)
Robles, H.: Acetonitrile. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Vol. 1, Wexler, P., ed. New York: Academic Press, pp. 16-17, 1998.
- (abdominal pain, hematemesis)
Sitting, M.: Acetonitrile. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Vol. 1, pp. 28-30, 1991.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
-
sampling media: Charcoal Tube (400/200 mg sections)
analytical solvent: Benzene
alternate solvent: Acetone
alternate solvent: (99:1) Carbon Disulfide:Dimethylformamide
maximum volume: 25 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min TWA
maximum volume: 3 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min STEL
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 1606)
method classification: Fully Validated
Wipe sampling: No.
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