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Preface A Message to the Student: Why Do We Study Music Theory? INTRODUCTION: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MUSIC Chapter A Pitch: Notation and Intervals The notation of pitch; intervals; the overtone series; consonant and dissonant intervals Chapter B Rhythm and Meter Durational symbols; pulse, beat, and meter; tempo; simple and compound meters; the notation of meter; metric accent; choosing a meter to notate a melody; asymmetrical meters; irregular divisions of the beat; irregular rhythmic and metric relationships; some notes on the correct notation of rhythm Chapter C Tonality: Scales, Keys, and Transposition Modes and scales; key signatures; other modes and scales; transposition: related issues Chapter D Introduction to Species Counterpoint The melodic line in species counterpoint; general guidelines for two-part counterpoint; first species; second species; fourth species Chapter E The Rudiments of Harmony I: Triads and Seventh Chords Chords; triads; seventh chords Chapter F The Rudiments of Harmony II: Labeling Chords Harmonic function, Roman numerals; figured bass; Chapter G Musical Style The elements of style; the musical style periods; A characteristic Renaissance style: sacred vocal polyphony; the Baroque style; the Classical style; the Romantic style; the twentieth century; conclusions 1: DIATONIC HARMONY Chapter 1 The Connection of Chords Harmonic progression; notating, voicing, and spacing chords; chord connection: the principles of part writing; melodic style; voice independence; why all these rules? Chapter 2 The Tonic and Dominant Triads in Root Position The tonic triad; the dominant triad; the I-V-I progression: the principles of prolongation; connecting the tonic and dominant chords; the I-V-I progression as a form-generating structure Chapter 3 Harmonic Function; the Subdominant Triad in Root Position The basic harmonic functions; the subdominant triad; IV as prolongation of I; elaborating the I-V-I progression Chapter 4 Texture; Triads in First Inversion Texture; the triad in first inversion; the neighbor V6; elaborating the I-V-I progression; parallel 6/3 chords; harmonizing a melody Chapter 5 Cadences Authentic cadences; the half cadence; the plagal cadence; the deceptive cadence; cadences :summary and voice leading Chapter 6 Melodic Organization I: Phrase Structure Motive; phrase; period structure; form diagrams; bass reductions; more on period structure; phrase group; the technique of interruption Chapter 7 Melodic Organization II: Thematic Development; Phrase Extension; Formal Functions Melodic developmental techniques; phrase extension; extending period structures; introduction to formal functions; thematic development in developmental sections Chapter 8 Nonchord Tones The passing tone; the neighbor note; the anticipation; incomplete neighbors; suspensions; pedal point Chapter 9. 6/4 Chords. Consonant 6/4 chords; dissonant 6/4 chords; the neighbor 6/4; compound melody; the passing 6/4; the cadential 6/4; harmonizing melodies with 6/4 chords; pitch patterns Chapter 10 The Supertonic; Metric Reduction The supertonic in root position; the supertonic in first inversion; the supertonic and the cadential 6/4; metric reduction; pitch patterns Chapter 11 Harmonic Rhythm. Hypermeter Harmonic rhythm; hypermeter; harmony, rhythm, and meter: tonal and metric accents; metric-harmonic “rhyme” and conflict; writing your own progressions; harmonizing a melody with keyboard figuration Chapter 12 The Dominant Seventh and Its Inversions V7 in root position; inversions of the dominant seventh; combining prolongational chords Chapter 13 The Leading-Tone Triad Doubling and voice leading; the passing viio6; viio6 as a dominant substitute; the leading-tone cadence; Chapter 14 The Mediant, Submediant, and Subtonic Triads; Diatonic Sequences The mediant and submediant triads; the subtonic; other uses of the mediant and submediant; harmonic sequences; more on the 5-6 technique; pitch patterns Chapter 15 Other Diatonic Seventh Chords General doubling and voice-leading guidelines; the leading-tone sevenths; the half-diminished seventh; the fully-diminished seventh; the supertonic seventh; the subdominant seventh; the diatonic-seventh circle of 5ths; pitch patterns Appendix to Part 1. Summary and Application: Diatonic Harmony in Context; Diatonic Functions and Performance 2: CHROMATIC HARMONY AND FORM Chapter 16 Secondary Dominants I Chromatic harmony; tonicization: secondary dominants; V7 of V; V7 of IV (iv); elaborating a diatonic framework with chromatic harmony; pitch patterns Chapter 17 Secondary Dominants II V7 of ii; V7 of vi (VI); V7 of iii (III); V7 of VII; deceptive resolutions of secondary dominants; consecutive secondary dominants: chromatic sequences; secondary key areas; pitch patterns Chapter 18 Secondary Leading-Tone Chords Secondary leading-tone seventh chords; secondary viio7 chords in inversion; the viio7 over a pedal point; a chromatic harmonization of a diatonic tune: Bach Chorale 21; secondary functions in context: two songs by Mozart; pitch patterns Chapter 19 Modulation to Closely-Related Keys Key relationships: closely-related keys; diatonic pivot-chord modulation; modulation to V; modulation to the relative major and minor keys; writing pivot chord modulations; modulation to ii and iii from a major key; chromatic modulation; writing chromatic modulations; modulation to VII in minor; modulation and phrase structure: sequential and phrase modulation, modulating periods; modulatory processes; harmonizing modulating melodies; pitch patterns Chapter 20 Small Forms: Binary and Ternary The binary principle; binary tonal types; binary formal designs; the ternary principle Chapter 21 Contrapuntal Genres The chorale prelude; the two-voice invention; Bach: Invention no. 3, in DM; the fugue; the fugato Chapter 22 Modal Mixture. Variation Forms Change of mode; borrowed chords; variation forms; continuous variations; sectional variations; pitch patterns Chapter 23 The Neapolitan and Augmented Sixth Chords The Neapolitan Sixth; tonicization of the Neapolitan; the Neapolitan in root position; tritone substitution: the Neapolitan as a substitute for V7; augmented sixth chords with a predominant function; the Italian +6; the German +6; the French +6; other types of +6 chords; summary Chapter 24 Chromatic Modulatory Techniques. Modulation to Distantly Related Keys I Chromatic pivot chords; writing chromatic pivot chord modulations; modulation by enharmonic reinterpretation of the Gr +6; writing modulations with +6 chords; the Neapolitan as a key area; modulation by enharmonic reinterpretation of viio7; writing modulations with viio7 chords; chromatic linear modulatory processes; pitch patterns Chapter 25 Modulation to Distantly Related Keys II Chromatic-third relationships; triads related by chromatic third; keys related by chromatic third: common-tone modulation; chromatic-third relationships in modulatory processes; linear chromaticism I: linear chromatic chords; altered triads; augmented sixth chords with dominant and embellishing functions; the common-tone diminished seventh chord; pitch patterns Chapter 26 Introduction to Large Forms Sonata Form; Mozart, Piano Sonata in CM, K. 309, I; guided studies of sonata form; the Rondo; a five-part rondo: Haydn, Piano Sonata in DM, Hob. XVI:37, III; guided studies of rondo form Chapter 27 Expanding Functional Tonality: Extended Tertian Chords; Linear Chromaticism II Expanding chordal sonorities: extended tertian chords; A Fragment by William Grant Still; linear chromaticism II: linear expansions of tonality; appoggiatura chords; chromatic sequences; non-sequential linear processes; pitch patterns Chapter 28 The German Romantic Lied: Chromatic Harmony in Context. The German Romantic Lied; analysis 1: Schubert, Erlkonig; analysis 2: Schumann: “Widmung”; modulation by enharmonic reinterpretation of V; analysis 3: Wolf, “Das verlassene Magdlein”: a summary of chromatic functions; pitch patterns Chapter 29 Toward (And Beyond) the Limits of Functional Tonality Tonal ambiguity and implied tonality; equal divisions of the octave; beyond the confines of functional tonality; pitch patterns Chapter 30 Non-Functional Pitch Centricity Parsimonious voice-leading: the PLR model; alternatives to chromaticism: non-functional diatonic collections; symmetrical scales; conclusions, pitch patternstch patternstch patternstch patternstch patterns