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Current Selection Filters |
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| Risk 10: Alterations in Microbes and Host Interactions |
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| Crosscutting Area : Human Health and Countermeasures |
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 Discipline : Immunology & Infection |
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| Description : Alterations in microbes and host interactions due to exposure to space flight conditions may result in previously innocuous microorganisms endangering the crew and life support systems. |
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Context / Risk Factors :
This risk may be influenced by extreme environments, isolation, microbial contamination, microgravity, nutritional deprivation, radiation, sleep deprivation, or stress.
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| Justification / Rationale : Long-duration space flight may result in alterations in the host/microbe relationship that may lead to a difficult to control, or severe, infection. In particular, the long-duration and severe nature of space flight conditions on a Mars mission might increase the risk. The short-duration of the Lunar mission is not likely to provide sufficient time for significant alterations in the host/microbe relationship. |
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Risk Rating
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Current Countermeasures
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- In-flight environmental monitoring and bioburden reduction procedures (cleaning, filtering etc.)
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Projected Countermeasures or Mitigations and Other Deliverables with their CRL/TRL scores
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- Comprehensive microbial identification technology [CRL 5]
- Pre-flight screening [CRL 7]
- Routine in-flight microbial identification/monitoring capability [CRL 6]
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Research & Technology Questions
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Related Risks
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Important References
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Balan S, Murphy JC, Galaev I, Kumar A, Fox GE, Mattiasson B, Willson RC. Metal chelate affinity precipitation of RNA and purification of plasmid DNA. Biotechnol Lett. 25:1111-1116, 2003.
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Castro VA, Thrasher AN, Healy M, Ott CM, and Pierson DL. Microbial characterization during the early habitation of the International Space Station. Microb Ecol. 47(2):119-26, 2004.
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DeWalt B, Murphy JC, Fox GE, Willson RC. Compaction agent clarification of microbial lysates. Protein Expr Purif. 28:220-223, 2003.
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Fukuda T, Fukuda K, Takahashi A, Ohnishi T, Nakano T, Sato M, Gunge N. Analysis of deletion mutations of the rpsL gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae detected after long-term flight on the Russian space station. Mir Mutat Res. 470:125-132, 2000.
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Horneck G, Rettberg P, Kozubek S, Baumstark-Khan C, Rink H, Schafer M, Schmitz C. The influence of microgravity on repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in bacteria and human fibroblasts. Radiat Res. 147:376-384, 1997.
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Kacena, MA, Todd, P. Gentamicin: effect on E. coli in space. Microgravity Sci Technol. 12:135-137, 1999.
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Kobayashi H, Ishii N. Separation of DNA by free flow electrophoresis in space. Biol Sci Space. Oct;15 Suppl:S129, 2001.
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Kourentzi KD, Fox GE, Willson RC. Hybridization-responsive fluorescent DNA probes containing the adenine analog 2-aminopurine. Anal Biochem. 322:124-126, 2003.
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Kourentzi KD, Fox GE, Willson RC. Microbial detection with low molecular weight RNA. Curr Microbiol. 43: 444-447, 2001.
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Kourentzi KD, Fox GE, Willson RC. Microbial identification by immunohybridization assay of artificial RNA labels. J Microbiol Methods. 49:301-306, 2002.
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Lapchine L, Moatti N, Gasset G, Richoilley G, Templier J, Tixador R. Antibiotic activity in space Drugs Exp Clin Res. 12: 933-938, 1986.
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Murphy JC, Fox GE and Willson RC. RNA isolation and fractionation with compaction agents. Anal Biochem. 295(2):143-8, 2001.
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Murphy JC, Fox GE, Willson RC. Enhancement of anion-exchange chromatography of DNA using compaction agents. J Chromatogr A. 984:215-221, 2003.
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Murphy JC, Jewell DL, White KI, Fox GE, Willson RC. Nucleic acid separations using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Prog. 19:982-986, 2003.
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Nickerson CA, Ott CM, Mister SJ, Morrow BJ, Burns-Keliher L, Pierson DL. Microgravity as a novel environmental signal affecting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence. Infect Immun. 68: 3147-3152, 2000.
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Nickerson CA, Ott CM, Wilson JW, Ramamurthy R, LeBlanc CL, Honer zu Bentrup K, Hammond T, Pierson DL. Low-shear modeled microgravity: a global environmental regulatory signal affecting bacterial gene expression, physiology and pathogenesis. J Microbiol Methods. 54:1-11, 2003.
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Nickerson CA, Ott CM, Wilson JW, Ramamurthy R, Pierson DL. Microbial responses to microgravity and other low-shear environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 68(2):345-61, 2004.
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Pierson D. Microbial contamination of spacecraft. Gravit Space Biol Bull. 14: 1-6, 2001.
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Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Baumstark-Khan C, Horneck G. The SOS-LUX-LAC-FLUORO-Toxicity-test on the International Space Station (ISS). Adv Space Res. 31(6):1513-24, 2003.
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Sakano Y, Pickering KD, Strom PF, Kerkhof LJ. Spatial distribution of total, ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in biological wastewater treatment reactors for bioregenerative life support. Appl Environ Microbiol. 68: 2285-2293, 2002.
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Starikov D, Boney C, Medelci N, Um JW, Larios-Sanz M, Fox GE, Bensaoula AN. Experimental simulation of integrated optoelectronic sensors based on III nitrides. J Vac Sci Technol. 20:1815-1820, 2002.
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Wilson JW, Ott CM, Ramamurthy R, Porwollik S, McClelland M, Pierson DL, Nickerson CA. Low-Shear modeled microgravity alters the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium stress response in an RpoS-independent manner. Appl Environ Microbiol. 68:5408-5416, 2002.
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Zhang Z, Willson RC, Fox GE. Identification of characteristic oligonucleotides in the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequence dataset. Bioinformatics. 18:244-250, 2002.
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