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Contents Introduction 1.0 Pronunciation 1.1 Vowels 1.2 Diphthongs 1.3 Consonants 1.4 Stress 1.5 Regional variants 2.0 Spelling 2.1 Indicating vowel length 2.2 Use of the Umlaut 2.3 Use of capital letters 2.4 Use of the hyphen 2.5 The new spelling 2.6 The alphabet 3.0 Punctuation 3.1 Commas 3.2 Colons with direct speech 3.3 Inverted commas/quotation marks 3.4 Exclamation marks 4.0 Case 4.1 Case endings on nouns 4.2 Other uses of the nominative case 4.3 Other uses of the accusative case 4.4 The genitive case 4.5 Other uses of the dative case 4.6 Nouns in apposition 4.7 Order of cases in paradigms 5.0 Articles and other determiners 5.1 The definite article 5.2 Other determiners inflected like der/die /das 5.3 The indefinite article 5.4 Other determiners inflected like ein 5.5 Indefinite pronouns used as determiners 6.0 Nouns 6.1 Gender of nouns 6.2 Pluralization of nouns 6.3 Diminutization of nouns 6.4 Names of towns 6.5 Names of countries 6.7 Feminizing agents 6.8 Adjectival nouns 6.9 Compound nouns 6.10 Nouns in apposition (see 4.6) 7.0 Pronouns 7.1 Personal pronouns 7.2 Possessives 7.3 Reflexive pronouns 7.4 Demonstrative pronouns 7.5 Interrogative pronouns 7.6 Relative pronouns 7.7 Indefinite pronouns 8.0 Adjectives 8.1 Rules for inflection 8.1.1 The der/die/das (weak) endings 8.1.2 The ein/eine/ein (mixed) endings 8.1.3 The unpreceded adjectival (strong) endings 8.1.4 Adjectival endings after indefinite pronouns 8.1.5 Indeclinable adjectives 8.2 Comparative of adjectives and adverbs 8.3 Superlative of the adjective 8.4 Predicative adjectives followed by a prepositional object 9.0 Adverbs 9.1 Adverbs that are also adjectives 9.2 Comparative and superlative of adverbs 9.3 Intensifying adverbs 9.4 Adverbs of time 9.5 Adverbs of place and direction 9.6 Adverbs of manner and degree 9.7 Interrogative adverbs 10.0 Verbs 10.1 Formation of tenses 10.1.1 The present tense 10.1.2 The future tense 10.1.3 The imperative 10.1.4 The imperfect tense 10.1.5 The perfect tense 10.1.6 The pluperfect tense 10.1.7 The future perfect 10.1.8 The conditional tense 10.1.9 The conditional perfect tense 10.2 Modal auxiliary verbs 10.2.1 Double infinitive constructions 10.2.2 Modals used with perfective infinitives 10.3 The subjunctive 10.3.1 The subjunctive I 10.3.2 The subjunctive II 10.4 The passive 10.5 The infinitive 10.5.1 Characteristics of the infinitive 10.5.2 Rules for the use of zu with infinitives 10.5.3 Use of um... zu before infinitives 10.5.4 Double infinitive constructions 10.5.5 The infinitive used as a noun 10.6 Participles 10.6.1 Present participles 10.6.2 Past participles 10.6.3 Use of present and past participles in extended adjectival phrases 10.7 Progressive tenses 10.8 Reflexive verbs 10.9 Verbal prefixes 10.9.1 Verbs with separable prefixes (separable verbs) 10.9.2 Verbs with inseparable prefixes (inseparable verbs) 10.9.3 Verbs with variable prefixes (separable or inseparable verbs) 10.10 Verbs followed by prepositional objects 10.10.1 Use of prepositional adverbs before subordinate clauses 10.11 Transitive and intransitive verbs 10.12 List of irregular verbs 10.12.1 Alphabetical list of irregular verbs 11.0 Conjunctions 11.1 Coordinating conjunctions 11.2 Subordinating conjunctions 11.3 Conjunctions introducing infinitive clauses 11.4 Correlative conjunctions 11.6 Interrogative adverbs and pronouns introducing indirect questions 12.0 Prepositions 12.1 Prepositions that take the accusative case 12.2 Prepositions that take the dative case 12.3 Prepositions that take both the accusative and dative case 12.4 Prepositions that take the genitive case 12.5 Contraction of prepositions with the definite article 12.6 How to translate ?to? into German 13.0 Numerals 13.1 Cardinal numbers 13.2 Ordinal numbers 13.3 Fractions 13.4 Arithmetic/calculation 13.5 Age 13.6 Money 13.7 Telling the time 13.8 Dates 13.9 Weights 13.10 Measurements 13.11 School marks/grades 14.0 Negation 15.0 Common German abbreviations Appendix 1: List of countries, inhabitants and adjectives/languages Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
German language -- Grammar.
German language -- Textbooks for foreign speakers -- English.