COUNTRY

MAJOR LANGUAGES & DIALECTS

AFGHANISTAN

Afghan Persian (Dari); Pastu/Pashtu (Pushto);

Turk/Turkic languages (Uzbek & Turkmen); Farsi

(Persian); Balochi & Pashai.

ALBANIA

Albanian, Tosk, & Greek

AMERICAN SAMOA (territory of

U.S.)

English & Samoan

ANDORRA

Catalan, French, & Spanish

ANGOLA

Portuguese, Bantu, Kikongo [Kongo], Kimbundu,

Kwanyama, & Umbundu

ANGUILLA (territory of U.K.)

English

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

English

ARGENTINA

Spanish

ARMENIA

Armenian & Russian

ARUBA (territory of the Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento

AUSTRALIA

English

AUSTRIA

German

AZERBAIJAN

Azerbaijani

BAHAMAS

English

BAHRAIN

Arabic

BANGLADESH

Bangla (Bengali, Sylhetti)

BARBADOS

English

BELARUS

Belorussian

BELGIUM

Dutch, French, & German

BELIZE

English

BENIN

French, Fon, & Yoruba

BERMUDA (territory of U.K.)

English

BHUTAN

Dzongkha

BOLIVIA

Spanish, Quechua, & Aymara

BONAIRE (Netherland Antilles)

Dutch, & Papiamento

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

Bosnian, Serbian, & Croatian

BOTSWANA

English, Setswana, & Ikalanga

BRAZIL

Portuguese

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

Malay, English, & Chinese

BURKINA FASO

French

BURMA, Union of Myanmar

Burmese

BURUNDI

Kirundi & French

CAMBODIA

Khmer

CAMEROON

French & English

CANADA

English & French

CAPE VERDE

Portuguese

CAYMAN ISLANDS (U.K.)

English

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

French & Sangho

CHAD

Arabic & French

CHILE

Spanish

CHINA

Mandarin (Putonghua), Cantonese (Yue, Toishan,

Taishan), Chuang, Hakka dialects, Taiwanese, Uigur,

Wu, Gan, Minjia, Kuoyu Chin, Minbei, Minnan, & other

minority languages

CHRISTMAS ISLAND (territory of

Australia)

English

COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS

(territory of Australia)

English & Malay

COLOMBIA

Spanish

COMOROS

French, Arabic, & Comoran

CONGO, Republic of (Formerly

Zaire)

French, Kingwana, Kikongo, & Tshiluba

CONGO, Democratic Republic of

French, Lingala, & Munukutuba

COOK ISLANDS (territory of New

Zealand)

English

COSTA RICA

Spanish 

CROATIA

Croatian

CUBA

Spanish

CURACAO (territory of the

Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento

CYPRUS

Greek & Turkish

CZECH REPUBLIC

Czech & Slovak

DENMARK

Danish & Faroese

DJIBOUTI

French & Arabic

DOMINICA

English

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Spanish

ECUADOR

Spanish

EGYPT, Arab Republic of

Arabic

EL SALVADOR

Spanish

ENGLAND

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Spanish, French, Fang, Bubi, & Ibo

ERITREA

Afar, Amharic, & Arabic

ESTONIA

Estonian & Russian

ETHIOPIA

Amharic

FIJI

English, Fijian, & Hindi

FINLAND

Finnish & Swedish

FRANCE

French

FRENCH GUIANA

French

FRENCH POLYNESIA

French & Tahitian

GABON

French

GAMBIA

English, Mandinka, Wolof, & Fula

GEORGIA

Georgian, Russian, Armenian, & Azeri

GERMANY

German

GHANA

English, Akan, Mole-Dagbani, Ewe, and Ga

GIBRALTAR

English & Spanish

GREECE

Greek

GREENLAND

Danish

GRENADA

English

GUADELOUPE

French

GUAM

Chamorro & English

GUATEMALA

Spanish

GUINEA, Republic of

French (each ethnic group has its own language)

GUINEA-BISSAU, Republic of

Portuguese, Crioulo, & African languages

GUYANA

English, Hindi, Urdu, & Amerindian dialects

HAITI

French & Haitian-Creole

HONDURAS

Spanish

HUNGARY

Hungarian (Magyar)

ICELAND

Icelandic

INDIA

Hindi, English, Assamese, Bengali, Guajarati, Kannada,

Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Panjabi

(Punjabi), Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, & Urdu

INDONESIA

Indonesian & Javanese

IRAN

Farsi (Persian)

IRAQ

Arabic & Kurdish (official in certain areas)

IRELAND

English & Gaelic

ISRAEL

Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, & English

ITALY

Italian

IVORY COAST (Côte d'Ivoire)

French

JAMAICA

English

JAPAN

Japanese

JORDAN

Arabic

KAZAKHSTAN

Russian

KENYA

English & Swahili

KIRIBATI

English

KOREA, North

Korean

KOREA, South

Korean

KUWAIT

Arabic

KYRGYZSTAN

Kyrgyz (Kirghiz)

LAOS

Lao (Laotian)

LATVIA

Latvian

LEBANON

Arabic

LESOTHO

English, Zulu, & Sesotho

LIBERIA

English

LIBYA

Arabic

LIECHTENSTEIN

German

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian

LUXEMBOURG

Luxembourgish, French, & German

MACAU (Administrative Region of China)

Portuguese & Cantonese

MACEDONIA, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of

Macedonian, Albanian, Turkish, and Serbo-Croatian

MADAGASCAR

French & Malagasy

MALAWI

English & Chichewa

MALAYSIA

Malay

MALDIVES

Dhivehi (Sinhalese/Sinhala dialect) & English

MALI

French & Bambara

MALTA

English & Maltese

MARSHALL ISLANDS

English & Japanese

MARTINIQUE

French & Creole dialects

MAURITANIA

Hasaniya Arabic, Wolof & French

MAURITIUS

Creole (common), French, English, Hindi, Urdu, 

Hakka, Bhojpuri

MEXICO

Spanish

MICRONESIA

English

MIDWAY ISLANDS (U.S. territory)

English

MOLDOVA

Moldovian, Gagauz, & Bulgarian

MONACO

French, English, Italian, & Monegasque

MONGOLIA

Mongolian (Khalkha Mongol) 

MONTSERRAT (territory of U.K.)

English

MOROCCO

Arabic; French (language of business, government, &

post-primary education)

MOZAMBIQUE

Portuguese & indigenous language/dialects

NAMIBIA

Afrikaans, English, German, & indigenous languages

NEPAL

Nepali (Pahari)

NETHERLANDS

Dutch

NEW ZEALAND

English & Maori

NICARAGUA

Spanish

NIGER

French, Hausa, Djerma, & Fula

NIGERIA

English, Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba & others

NORWAY

Norwegian

OMAN

Arabic

PAKISTAN

Urdu, English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtu, & Baloch

PALAU

English & Palauan

PANAMA

Spanish

PAPAU New Guinea

Motu & English

PARAGUAY

Spanish & Guarani

PERU

Spanish & Quechua

PHILLIPINES

Pilipino (Tagalog), English, Pampangan

(Kapampangan, Pampango)

PITCAIRN ISLANDS (territory of 

U.K.)

English

POLAND

Polish

PORTUGAL

Portuguese

PUERTO RICO, Commonwealth of

(Free Associated State of the U.S.)

Spanish & English

QATAR

Arabic

ROMANIA

Romanian

RUSSIA

Russian

RWANDA

French

SABA (territory of the Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento

SAINT HELENA (territory of U.K.)

English

SAINT KITTS & NEVIS

English

SAINT LUCIA

English & Creole

SAINT MAARTEN (territory of the

Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento

SAINT MARTIN (territory of France)

Papiamento, English, French, & Dutch

SAINT PIERRE & MIQUELON

(territory of France)

French

SAINT VINCENT & THE 

GRENADINES

English

SAMOA

Samoan & English

SAN MARINO

Italian

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

Portuguese

SAUDI ARABIA

Arabic

SCOTLAND

English

SENEGAL

French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Diola, Mandingo, &

Soninke

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO, Federal

Republic of Yugoslavia

Serbo-Croatian (Serbian) & Albanian

SEYCHELLES

English, French, & Seswela

SIERRA LEONE

English

SINGAPORE

English, Mandarin, & other Chinese dialects, Malay &

Tamil.

SLOVAKIA

Slovak

SLOVENIA

Slovene

SOLOMON ISLANDS

English

SOMALIA

Somali

SOUTH AFRICA

Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi,

Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, & Zulu

SPAIN

Spanish

SRI LANKA

Sihala (Sinhalese) & English

SUDAN

Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, & Fulfulde

SURINAME

Dutch

SWAZILAND

Siswati & English

SWEDEN

Swedish

SWITZERLAND

German, French, & Italian

SYRIA

Arabic

TAIWAN

Mandarin & Taiwanese (Fukien, Amoy, Min Swatow)

TAJIKISTAN

Tajik

TANZANIA

Kiswahili & English

THAILAND

Thai & English

TIBET

Tibetan

TOGO

French

TONGA

English & Tongan

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

English

TUNISIA

Arabic & French

TURKEY

Turkish

TURKMENISTAN

Turkmen

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS

(territory of U.K.)

English

TUVALU (former Ellice Islands)

Tuvaluan & English

UGANDA

English, Luganda, Swahili, Bantu, & Nilotic languages.

UKRAINE

Ukrainian

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Arabic

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

English

URUGUAY

Spanish

UZBEKISTAN

Uzbek

VANUATU

English, French, and Bislama

VENEZUELA

Spanish

VIETNAM

Vietnamese & English

VIRGIN ISLANDS (territory of U.K.)

English

VIRGIN ISLANDS (St. Thomas, 

St. Criox, & St. John-territory of U.S.)

English

WALES

English & Welsh

YEMEN

Arabic

YUGOSLAVIA, Federal Republic of

(Serbia & Montenegro)

Serbo-Croatian (Serbian), Albanian

ZAMBIA

English, Bemba, Tonga, Nyanja, Lozi, Luvale, Ndembu

(Lundu), & Kaonde.

ZIMBABWE

English, Shona, Sindebele, & tribal dialects

NASA Responsible Official: Vivian B. Merritt
Page Curator: Jennifer Guerin  

Privacy Statement