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A Country Study: Pakistan
Library of Congress Call Number
DS376.9 .P376 1995
Pakistan
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Preface
Country Profile
- Visit
new
updated
Profile
(PDF)
Country
Geography
Society
Economy
Transportation and Telecommunications
Government and Politics
National Security
Table A. Chronology of Important Events
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Historical Setting
(Craig Baxter)
Early Civilizations
Islam in India
The Mughal Period
Company Rule
The British Raj
The Forward Policy
The Seeds of Muslim Nationalism
Beginnings of Self-Government
The Two Nations Theory
Toward Partition
Independent Pakistan
Problems at Independence
Constitutional Beginnings
Early Foreign Policy
Collapse of the Parliamentary System
The Ayub Khan Era
Basic Democracies
The 1962 Constitution
Ayub Khan's Foreign Policy and the 1965 War with India
Yahya Khan and Bangladesh
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and a New Constitutional System
Zia Ul-Haq and Military Domination, 1977-88
Pakistan and the World During Zia Regime
Chapter 2 - Society and Its Environment
(Anita M. Weiss)
Physical Environment
Boundaries
Topography and Drainage
Climate
Pollution and Environmental Issues
National Conservation Goals
Population
Population Distribution and Density
Population Planning Policies and Problems
Migration and Growth of Major Cities
Impact of Migration to the Persian Gulf Countries
Repercussions of the War in Afghanistan
Social Structure
Traditional Kinship Patterns
Linguistic and Ethnic Groups
Punjabis
Pakhtuns
Sindhis
Baloch
Men, Women, and the Division of Space
The Status of Women and the Women's Movement
Religious Life
Basic Tenets of Islam
Islam in Pakistani Society
Politicized Islam
Non-Muslim Minorities
Education
Structure of the System
Female Education
Reform Efforts
Health and Welfare
Maternal and Child Health
Health Care Policies and Developments
Special Problems: Smoking, Drugs, and AIDS
Zakat as a Welfare System
Prospects for Social Cohesion
Chapter 3 - The Economy
(John D. Rogers)
Structure of the Economy
The Role of Government
Policy Developments since Independence
Development Planning
Finance
Budget
Fiscal Administration
Monetary Process
Foreign Economic Relations
Foreign Aid
Foreign Trade
External Debt
Labor
Agriculture
Land Use
Irrigation
Drainage
Farm Ownership and Land Reform
Cropping Patterns and Production
Livestock
Forestry
Fishing
Industry
Manufacturing
Construction
Energy
Mining and Quarrying
Services
Transportation
Telecommunications
Tourism
Chapter 4 - The Government and Politics
(Mary Louise Becker)
Constitutional and Political Inheritance
Independence
Role of Islam
Regional and Ethnic Factors
The Civil Service
The Military
Early Political Development
Early Constitution Building, 1947-58
Ayub Khan, 1958-69
Yahya Khan, 1969-71
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, 1971-77
Zia ul-Haq, 1977-88
Constitution and Government Structure
President
Parliament and Federal Government
Provincial Governments
Judiciary
Political Dynamics
Muslim League
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
Jamaat-i-Islami
Pakistan People's Party
Muhajir Qaumi Mahaz
Awami National Party
Jamiat-ul-Ulama-i-Islam
Tehrik-i-Istiqlal
Political Developments Since Zia
The First Government of Benazir Bhutto
The Caretaker Government of Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
The Government of Nawaz Sharif
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan as Power Broker
The "Silent Revolution": A Year of Political Struggle
The Caretaker Government of Moeen Qureshi
Benazir Bhutto Returns
The Media
Foreign Policy
India
Other South Asian Countries
The Former Soviet Union
China
Middle East
The United States and the West
International Organizations
Chapter 5 - National Security
(Thomas Perry Thornton)
The Armed Services: A Historical Perspective
The Colonial Background
The Formation of Pakistan
Pakistan's Evolving Security Dilemma
Survival in a Harsh Environment
The United States Alliance
The Army Assumes Control
Collapse of Pakistan's Security System
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Military Reasserts Itself
Pakistan Becomes a Frontline State
The Armed Forces in a New World Order
The Armed Services
Constitutional Basis and Missions
Defense Strategy
Ministry of Defence
Army and Paramilitary Forces
Navy
Air Force
Personnel and Training
Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
Military Production
Budget
Military Justice
Foreign Security Relationships
The Role of Islam
Internal Security
Role and Structure of the Security Forces
Character of the Security Forces
Crime
Narcotics
Courts and Criminal Procedure
Prisons
Islamic Provisions
Emergency Provisions
Subversion and Civil Unrest
Appendix. Tables
Bibliography
Glossary
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