JEANNETTE INQUIRY.	917
in it in masses; trap-rock with globules of silica; trap-rock containing globules, which rock being broken shows the globules of the darker color sticking in the matrix, while the portion of the mass knocked off will show a complete mould or bed. The globules are about the size of a pea, receive a bright polish from the finger, and are soft enough to be cut with a knife; silica, very light stone, tufa, I think, of a light brown color, spongy in appearance, as if blown up by gases; lava of different colors, varying from a yellowish-brown to a dark green; clays almost the color of bricks; debris from the sides of the cliff being disintegrated portions of this red seemingly baked clay.
u The face of the cliff (Cape Emma) is in six terraces of igneous rock, separated by other strata imposed, of the red clay stuff which contains most of the silica. The amethyst was found in a matrix of quartz imbedded in the trap-rock. The stalagmite and stalactite were found upon breaking open a mass of trap-rock, found lying on the beach, and could be easily removed by the finger. The stratification is horizontal; fossils seen. There is also a white stone with very much the appearance of gypsum. There are two varieties, one occurring in tabular masses, with glistening sides when held in the light, and the other of a dull, opaque white, and in rounded masses which show the action of water. Both varieties can be cut with a knife, and form an opaque white powder, which effervesces upon applying nitric and acetic acids."
The bituminous coal is abundant, and burns readily. Melville thinks it has from fifty to sixty per cent. carbon, but to-morrow he will experiment further, and I will note his remarks.
Unfortunately, the forenoon and afternoon were both cloudy and foggy, and I could get neither time-sight nor azimuth. A landslide occurred at 6.30 p. m., large masses of rock and red clay being hurled clown from the summit of Cape Emma.
From our observations of tides to-day, it would seem that the flood comes from the westward. Birds for supper at seven p. in.
Measured the water at various distances from the foot of the cliff—50 feet, 7 feet deep ; 100 feet, 12 feet deep ; 150 feet, 16 feet deep ; 200 feet, 28 feet. Our ice-foot is kept in by grounded floe pieces, or bergs broken off from the foot of the glacier on the south face. Wind very light; northeast airs; barometer at nine p. m. 29.84 at 370; temperature 300. The tide measurements were made by a pike-end stick (a paddle with a chisel end) stuck in the bottom ice, and held in rigidly against the face of a rocky cliff (Rudder Point). The graduations are to inches—half inches, and quarter inches, being estimated by the observers. The first reading was taken at 10.26 a. m. by my watch and subsequent readings hourly.*
July 31st, Sunday.—Called all hands at seven. Weather cold and foggy. Mr. Dunbar having expressed a wish to go along the south side of the island, and it agreeing with my desire to know more of that section, I this morning gave him permission to take Alexey, Aneguin, five dogs, and a dog sled, and remain away forty-eight hours for that purpose. He will start after dinner, carrying provisions, lime juice, sleeping-bags, knapsacks, arms, and ammunition, and a compass, glass, and measuringline. I have instructed him to take all possible bearings and sketches, and if he is able to get up a hill-side to look carefully southwest for land. At two p. m. he started, to be back by or before noon on Tuesday, August 2d.
* For this and subsequent measurements see Appendix H.