2000
Alexander,
D.J. Newcastle disease in ostriches (Struthio camelus)--a review. Avian Pathology. Apr 2000. v. 29 (2) p. 95-100. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Descriptors: ostriches, Newcastle disease,
Newcastle disease virus, outbreaks, infections, mortality, symptoms, age differences,
disease transmission, morbidity, infection, experimental infections, chickens,
vaccines, ELISA, diagnostic techniques, virus neutralization, literature reviews.
Ali,
A.; Reynolds, D.L. A multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for
Newcastle disease virus and avian pneumovirus (Colorado strain). Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 2000. v. 44 (4) p. 938-943. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and
avian pneumovirus (APV) cause Newcastle disease and rhinotracheitis
respectively, in turkeys. Both of these viruses infect the respiratory system.
A one-tube, multiplex, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
assay for the detection of both NDV and Colorado strain of APV (APV-Col)
was developed and evaluated. The primers, specific for each virus, were designed
from the matrix protein gene of APV-Col and the fusion protein gene of NDV to
amplify products of 631 and 309 nucleotides, respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR
assay, for detecting both viruses simultaneously, was compared with the single-virus
RT-PCR assays for its sensitivity and specificity. The specific primers amplified
products of predicted size from each virus in the multiplex as well as the single-virus
RT-PCR assays. The multiplex RT-PCR assay was determined to be equivalent to
the single-virus RT-PCR assays for detecting both NDV and APV-Col. This multiplex
RT-PCR assay proved to be a sensitive method for the simultaneous and rapid
detection of NDV and APV-Col. This assay has the potential for clinical diagnostic
applications.
Descriptors: avian pneumovirus, Newcastle disease virus, reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, diagnostic techniques, detection,
rhinotracheitis, respiratory diseases, evaluation.
Ali,
A.; Reynolds, D.L. Characterization of
the stunting syndrome agent: Relatedness
to known viruses. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 45-50. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: An enteric disease of young turkeys, referred
to as stunting syndrome (SS), causes reduced growth and impaired feed efficiency.
A recently isolated virus, stunting syndrome agent, (SSA) has been found to
be the etiologic agent of SS. The objective of the present study was to determine
relatedness of the SSA with other viral agents. Serologic (viral neutralization
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) assays and a reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used. The antisera against turkey enteric coronavirus
(bluecomb agent), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine Breda-1 virus, bovine Breda-2
virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian influenza virus, Newcastle
disease virus (NDV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine
were evaluated by dot-immunobinding avidin-biotin-enhanced ELISA and did not
react with SSA. The homologous (anti-SSA) antiserum was positive by ELISA. Similarly,
anti-SSA antiserum did not react when NDV, IBV, BCV, or TGEV was used as antigen
but did react with the homologous (SSA) virus. The virus neutralization assay
was performed by inoculating 24-to-25-day-old turkey embryos via the amniotic
route and by assessing the embryo infectivity on the basis of gross intestinal
lesions and intestinal maltase activity at 72 hr postinoculation. None of the
aforementioned antisera neutralized SSA infectivity in embryos except for the
homologous anti-SSA antiserum. A RT-PCR was performed with known primers specific
for NDV, IBV, BCV, and TGEV. The known primers failed to amplify SSA genome
but amplified their respective viral genomes. We concluded that the SSA was
distinct from the viral agents that were evaluated.
Descriptors: viral diseases, growth,
feed conversion, viruses, serology, polymerase chain reaction, identification,
immune serum, virus neutralization, evaluation, assays, embryos.
Blignaut,
A.; Burger, W.P.; Morley, A.J.; Bellstedt, D.U. Antibody responses to La Sota strain vaccines of Newcastle disease virus in ostriches (Struthio camelus) as detected
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2000. v. 44 (2) p. 390-398. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Because of the fact that South Africa is a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-endemic
country, major concerns exist that the export of ostrich meat could transmit
velogenic strains of this disease. The ability to transmit the virus could be
reduced by effective vaccination of South African ostriches. In this study,
two vaccination trials were conducted to assess serum antibody production in
response to vaccination with La Sota strain NDV vaccines. To this end, a commercially
available chicken anti-NDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was modified
for the detection of anti-NDV antibodies in ostrich serum. The results obtained
with this ELISA were verified by comparison with an indirect ELISA. In the first
trial, ostriches were immunized subcutaneously four times with different volumes
of an inactivated vaccine and their immune response was determined from 2.5
mo up to the ideal slaughter age of 14 mo. Results indicated that ostriches
responded in a dose-dependent manner and gave support for the vaccination schedule
currently recommended to South African farmers. In a second trial, immunization
by eyedrop with a live La Sota vaccine of 5-wk-old ostriches did not elicit
a humoral immune response. The results indicate that it is highly unlikely that
ostriches that have been vaccinated according to the recommended vaccination
schedule can transmit the virus.
Descriptors: ostriches, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, vaccination,
immune response, ELISA, inactivated vaccines, live vaccines, antibody testing,
age differences, L833L810.
Clavijo,
A.; Robinson, Y.; Booth, T.; Munroe, F. Velogenic Newcastle disease in imported
caged birds. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. May 2000. v. 41 (5) p. 404-406. ISSN: 0008-5286 Note: French summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: Psittaciformes, Psittacidae, Cacatuidae, Newcastle
disease, Newcastle disease virus, importation,
quarantine, virulence, clinical aspects, diagnosis and mortality, Quebec, Netherlands.
Gohm,
D.S.; Thur, B.; Hofmann, M.A. Detection of Newcastle disease virus in organs and faeces of experimentally infected
chickens using RT-PCR. Avian Pathology. Apr 2000.
v. 29 (2) p. 143-152. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease
virus, detection, organs, feces, experimental infections, polymerase chain reaction,
diagnostic techniques, evaluation, outbreaks, identification, time, serotypes,
pathotypes.
Gutierrez-Ruiz,
E.J.; Ramirez-Cruz, G.T.; Gamboa, E.I.C.; Alexander, D.J.; Gough, R.E. A serological survey for avian infectious
bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus antibodies in backyard (free-range) village
chickens in Mexico.
Tropical Animal Health and Production.
Dec 2000. v. 32 (6) p. 381-390. ISSN: 0049-4747 Note: Summaries in French and
Spanish.
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: chickens, serological
surveys, infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, antibody
formation, free range husbandry, seroprevalence, respiratory diseases, Mexico.
Huang,
H.J.; Matsumoto, M. Nonspecific innate immunity against Escherichia
coli infection in chickens induced by vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 2000. v. 44 (4) p. 790-796.: ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The objective was to
test the hypothesis that vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induce
nonspecific immunity against subsequent infection with Escherichia coli. White
leghorn chickens at 5 wk of age were vaccinated with a NDV vaccine at various
days before challenge exposure with O1:K1 strain of E. coli via an intra-air
sac route. Immunity was determined on the basis of the viable number of E. coli
in the spleen 24 hr after the infection. Roakin strain induced significant (P
< 0.05) immunity against E. coli at 4, 6, and 8 days, and La Sota strain
at 2, 4, and 8 days, postvaccination. Secondary NDV vaccination administered
14 days later failed to induce immunity against E. coli when chickens were infected
1 or 5 days after the vaccination. Significant (P < 0.05) suppression of
this nonspecific immunity was observed in birds treated with corticosterone,
40 mg/kg in feed, given for three consecutive days immediately prior to the
bacterial exposure but not in those treated prior to the period. The results
indicate that innate immunity induced by the primary NDV vaccination may significantly
suppress the multiplication of E. coli in chickens for a period of 2-8 days
postvaccination. The NDV-induced immunity was inhibited by corticosterone, which
is known to mediate physiological responses to stress.
Descriptors: chickens, Escherichia coli, immunity effects,
non-specific immunity, Newcastle disease virus, induced resistance, disease
resistance, defense mechanisms, vaccination, vaccines, experimental infections,
corticosterone, medicated feeds, duration, inhibition.
Ibrahim,
I.K.; Shareef, A.M.; Al Joubory, K.M.T. Ameliorative
effects of sodium bentonite on phagocytosis and Newcastle disease antibody formation in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis.
Research
in Veterinary Science. Oct 2000. v. 69 (2) p. 119-122. ISSN: 0034-5288
NAL
call no: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: broilers, aflatoxicosis, bentonite, dosage,
phagocytosis, Newcastle disease, vaccination,
antibody formation, immunosuppression.
Kirkland, P.D. Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Australia: in through the 'back door'. Australian Veterinary Journal. May 2000. v. 78 (5) p. 331-333. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, virulence,
poultry, outbreaks, Australia.
Krishnamurthy,
S.; Huang, Z.; Samal, S.K. Recovery of a virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus from cloned cDNA: expression of a foreign gene
results in growth retardation and attenuation. Virology. Dec
5, 2000.
v. 278 (1) p. 168-182. ISSN: 0042-6822.
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: complementary DNA, virulence.
Leslie,
J. Newcastle disease: outbreak losses
and control policy costs. The Veterinary
Record. May 20, 2000. v. 146 (21) p. 603-606.
ISSN: 0042-4900
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: poultry industry, Newcastle disease, disease control,
estimated costs, outbreaks, losses, vaccination, Northern Ireland.
Ley,
E.C.; Morishita, T.Y.; Harr, B.S.; Mohan, R.; Brisker, T. Serologic
survey of slaughter-age ostriches (Struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected
avian pathogens. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 2000. v. 44 (4) p. 989-992. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note:
Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches
(Struthio camelus) in Ohio and Indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza
virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), paramyxovirus (PMV) 2, PMV3, PMV7,
infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Bordetella avium, Mycoplasma synoviae,
Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Salmonella pullorum,
Salmonella gallinarum, and Salmonella typhimurium. One ostrich had antibodies
to AIV H5N9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to NDV, four ostriches had
antibodies to both NDV and PMV2, and one ostrich had antibodies to NDV, PMV2,
PMV3, and PMV7. None of the ostriches had antibodies to IBDV, B. avium, M. synoviae,
M. gallisepticum, O. rhinotracheale, S. pullorum, S. gallinarum, and S. typhimurium.
This is the first report of antibodies to avian influenza and PMV7 in ostriches
in the United States.
Descriptors: ostriches, pathogens,
viruses, bacteria, serological surveys, antibodies, infections, new host records,
avian influenzavirus, paramyxovirus, incidence, Newcastle disease virus.
Li,
Y.C.; Ledoux, D.R.; Bermudez, A.J.; Fritsche, K.L.; Rottinghaus, G.E. The
individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 and moniliformin on performance
and selected immune parameters in turkey poults. Poultry Science. June 2000. v. 79 (6) p. 871-878. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Descriptors: poults, fumonisins, mycotoxins, synergism, antibody
formation Newcastle disease virus, lymphocyte transformation, Escherichia coli,
bacteremia, blood, bacterial count, feed intake, liveweight gain, feed conversion,
thymus gland, bursa Fabricii, spleen, weight, mortality.
Li,
Y.C.; Ledoux, D.R.; Bermudez, A.J.; Fritsche, K.L.; Rottinghaus, G.E. Effects
of moniliformin on performance and immune function of broiler chicks. Poultry
Science. Jan 2000. v. 79 (1) p. 26-32. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: Three trials were conducted to evaluate the
effect of moniliformin (M) on performance and immune function in chicks. Day-old
chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (0, 50, 75, or 100
mg M/kg diet). In Trial 1, chicks were placed on treatments for 3 wk and were
injected intravenously with 4.6 x 10(6) Escherichia coli on Day 21. Blood samples
were collected at 60, 120, and 180 min after inoculation, and liver, spleen,
and lung were collected at 180 min postinjection. Compared with control chicks,
chicks fed 75 and 100 mg M/kg diet had higher (P < 0.05) numbers of E. coli
colonies in the circulation, liver, and spleen. In Trial 2, chicks were placed
on diets for 4 wk and were injected with 0.5 mL Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine
intramuscularly on Weeks 2 and 3 of the experiment. The primary and secondary
anti-NDV antibody titers were measured 7 d after each injection. Chicks fed
100 mg M/kg diet had lower (P < 0.05) secondary antibody titers than did
control chicks. In Trial 3, lymphocyte proliferation in chicks exposed to M
in vivo and in vitro was determined. Results of the in vivo study showed that
cell proliferation in response to mitogens from control- and M-fed chicks did
not differ (P > 0.05). For the in vitro study, lymphocyte proliferation decreased
linearly (P < 0.01) with increased concentrations of M. In all three trials,
chicks fed 100 mg M/kg diet had lower (P < 0.05) feed intake and weight gain
than did control chicks. Data from the current study suggested that M decreased
performance and immune response in chicks at the level of 75 mg/kg diet.
Descriptors: chicks, mycotoxins, fusarium,
Escherichia coli, experimental infections, bacteremia, antibody formation, lymphocyte
transformation, feed intake, body weight, feed conversion, dosage.
Mishra,
S.; Kataria, J.M.; Verma, K.C.; Sah, R.L. Response
of chickens to infection with Newcastle disease virus isolated from a guinea fowl. Tropical
Animal Health and Production.
Oct 2000. v. 32 (5) p. 277-284. ISSN: 0049-4747 Note: Summaries
in French and Spanish.
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: guineafowls, Newcastle disease virus, chickens,
pathogenicity, mortality, morbidity, antibody formation, hemagglutination inhibition
test, neutralization tests, virus neutralization.
Morales,
A.; Valle, V.; Gonzalez, M. A serological evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine
containing NDV, IB, EDS and HPS virus in layer hens. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 108-109.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: hens, polyvalent vaccines,
Newcastle disease virus, infectious
bronchitis virus, egg drop syndrome, poultry diseases, hydropericardium syndrome.
Morishita,
T.Y.; Aye, P.P.; Ley, E.C.; Harr, B.C. Survey of pathogens and blood parasites in free-living
passerines. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 1999. v. 43 (3) p. 549-552. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: To determine the disease prevalence of free-living
passerines, 1709 passerines were sampled from 38 different field sites in Ohio. Choanal and cloacal swabs were collected
from each bird and cultured for the presence of Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli by standard microbiologic techniques. In addition,
the serum from each bird was analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma
gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, and avian
influenza virus. A blood smear was also made to examine for the presence of
blood parasites. Results indicated that the isolation of E. coli varied with
bird species, with the European starling having a higher (21.4%) isolation of
E. coli. Salmonella spp. were also isolated from these free-living passerines.
Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from any of the sampled passerines. These
birds did not have antibodies to M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, or avian
influenza virus. Blood parasites were not detected in any of the birds sampled.
Descriptors: Passeriformes bird diseases, wild birds, disease
prevalence, Pasteurella multocida. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma
gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza
virus, parasites, Ohio.
Murakawa,
Y.; Takase, K.; Sakamoto, K.; Suesoshi, M.; Nagatomo, H. Characterization
of a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus isolated from broiler chickens in Japan. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 2000. v. 44 (3) p. 686-690. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), named
MET95, was isolated from a nonvaccinated broiler flock in Japan in 1995. The MET95 strain
was determined to be a lentogenic NDV. The strain has the properties of eluting
rapidly at 4C and has low thermostability in hemagglutinating activity with
chicken erythrocytes. In these studies, no difference could be found between
the MET95 strain and the Hitcher B1 vaccine strain. However, the chickens inoculated
with the MET95 strain, as well as chickens that they were in contact with, had
a much higher hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response than those inoculated
with the B1 strain. Accordingly, the MET95 strain is thought to be a promising
candidate as a live ND vaccine strain. In Japan, this is the first report
on the isolation of lentogenic NDV from chickens since the paper on the Ishii
strain isolated in 1966.
Descriptors: broilers, Newcastle disease virus, characterization,
strain differences, pathogenicity, immune response, Japan.
Nanthakumar,
T.; Tiwari, A.K.; Kataria, R.S.; Butchaiah, G.; Kataria, J.M.; Goswami, P.P.
Sequence analysis of the cleavage site-encoding
region of the fusion protein gene of Newcastle diseae viruses from India and
Nepal. Avian Pathology. Dec 2000. v. 29 (6) p. 603-607. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Five field isolates of Newcastle disease virus, including
one from a pigeon from the Indian subcontinent, along with three vaccine strains
have been characterized by sequence analysis of the fusion protein (F) gene
in the region encoding the F2-F1 cleavage site. Based on the amino acid sequence
present at the cleavage site and on the percent divergence at nucleotide and
amino acid levels, three field isolates could be classified as velogenic and
two were of lentogenic pathotypes. The velogenic phenotypes had the sequence
RRQK/RRF at the cleavage site, while the lentogenic strains had GRQA/GRL at
the corresponding position.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, nucleotide
sequences, amino acid sequences, molecular sequence data, viral proteins, pathotypes,
characterization, India, Nepal.
Nanthakumar,
T.; Kataria, R.S.; Tiwari, A.K.; Butchaiah, G.; Kataria, J.M. Pathotyping
of Newcastle disease viruses by RT-PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. Veterinary Research Communications.
May 2000. v. 24 (4) p. 275-286. ISSN: 0165-7380
NAL
call no: SF601.V38
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, pathotypes, polymerase
chain reaction, restriction endonuclease analysis, detection, identification,
nucleotide sequences, viral proteins, pathogenicity, vaccines.
Nasser, M.; Lohr, J.E.; Mebratu, G.Y.; Zessin, K.H.;
Baumann, M.P.O.; Ademe, Z. Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia.
Avian
Pathology. Feb 2000. v 29 (1) p. 27-34.
ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Vaccination experiments were carried out in
Ethiopia to study the efficacy
of the NDV-I2 vaccine against challenge with an Ethiopian velogenic strain of
NDV. In experiment A, which comprised 300 broiler chicks, the efficacy of the
ocular/drinking water application of the HB1/La Sota vaccine was compared with
the ocular/drinking water and the feed application of the NDV-I2 vaccine on
untreated barley and sorghum. The NDV-I2 vaccine applied by eye-drop or drinking-water
protected the chickens against challenge as efficiently as combined HB1/La Sota
vaccination but untreated barley and sorghum were unsuitable vaccine carriers.
The vaccine virus could not be recovered and chickens neither seroconverted
nor were they protected. In experiment B, 120 broiler chicks were divided into
6 treatment groups. One group each received NDV-I2 vaccine mixed with untreated
barley or sorghum which was applied immediately, or 14 h after mixing and standing
at ambient temperature. The fifth group was vaccinated intraocularly and via
the drinking water with the NDV-I2 vaccine. The sixth group remained untreated.
Experiment B confirmed the results of experiment A. In experiment C, 100 chicks
were divided into 5 groups of 20 chickens each. One group each received the
NDV-I2 vaccine on parboiled barley or sorghum as vaccine carriers 0 and 6 h
after mixing. The last group remained untreated. Parboiled barley given 0 or
6 h and parboiled sorghum given 0 h after mixing with the vaccine led to seroconversion
and protection of the chickens. Parboiled sorghum given 6 h after mixing with
the vaccine did not. It is concluded that the thermostable NDV-I2 vaccine may
be a suitable vaccine for oral application under Ethiopian conditions.
Descriptors: chicks, oral vaccination, vaccines, Newcastle
disease virus Newcastle disease, efficacy, disease prevention, drinking water,
vaccination, medicated feeds, barley, sorghum, survival, immune response, eye
drop vaccination, Ethiopia.
New Zealand. MAF Biosecurity Authority.
Import Risk Analysis: Chicken Meat and
Chicken Meat Products: Bernard Matthews Foods Ltd Turkey Meat Preparations
from the United Kingdom: Revised Quantitative Risk Assessments on Chicken Meat from
the United
States: Reassessment
of Heat Treatment for Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Meat. Other title: Chicken
Meat and Chicken Meat Products. Bernard
Matthews Foods Ltd Turkey Meat Preparations from the United Kingdom. Revised Quantitative
Risk Assessments on Chicken Meat from the United States. Reassessment of Heat Treatment
for Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Meat. Chicken Meat Risk Analysis.
Wellington, N.Z.: Biosecurity Authority,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, [2000] 24 leaves: ill.
NAL
call no: HD9437.N452 2000
Descriptors: chicken and turkey industry,
poultry diseases, Newcastle disease virus, risk analysis,
treatment, New Zealand.
Oakeley,
R.D. The limitations of a feed/water
based heat-stable vaccine delivery system for Newcastle disease-control strategies for backyard poultry flocks in
sub-Saharan Africa. [Erratum: May 1, 2001, v. 49 (3/4), p. 279.]. Preventive Veterinary Medicine.
Dec 8, 2000. v. 47 (4) p. 271-279. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL
call no: SF601.P7
Descriptors: poultry flocks, feed and water based vaccine
delivery, Newcastle disease virus, vaccination,
medicated feeds, disease control, outbreaks, extensive production, heat stability,
rural communities, Africa south of Sahara.
Peeters,
B.P.H.; Gruijthuijsen, Y.K.; Leeuw, O.S. de.; Gielkens, A.L.J. Genome
replication of Newcastle disease virus: Involvement of the rule-of-six. Archives
of Virology. 2000.
v. 145 (9) p. 1829-1845. ISSN: 0304-8608
NAL
call no: 448.3 Ar23
Descriptors: infection, genome analysis, transcription.
Pfitzer,
S.; Verwoerd, D.J.; Gerdes, G.H.; Labuschagne, A.E.; Erasmus, A.; Manvell, R.J.;
Grund, C. Newcastle disease and avian
influenza A virus in wild waterfowl in South Africa. Avian
Diseases. July/Sept 2000. v. 44 (3) p. 655-660. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish Summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: In an intensive ostrich farming area in South Africa with a history of ostrich
influenza outbreaks, we conducted a survey of avian influenza virus (AIV) and
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in
wild aquatic birds. During late autumn and winter 1998, the time of year when
outbreaks in ostriches typically start to occur, 262 aquatic birds comprising
14 species were sampled and tested for both virus infections. From eight samples,
AIV, serotype H10N9, could be isolated. All isolates were apathogenic as determined
by the intravenous pathogenicity index (0.00). Conversely, none of33 sera of
these wild birds showed antibodies against H10. However, one bird was found
serologically positive for H6 AIV. This AIV serotype was later isolated from
ostriches during an avian influenza outbreak in this area. No NDV was isolated
although 34 of 46 serum samples contained NDV-specific antibodies. This is the
first H10N9 isolate to be reported from Africa. In addition, our data
support the notion that wild aquatic birds may function as a reservoir for AIV
and NDV in South Africa.
Descriptors: waterfowl, wild birds, Newcastle disease virus, avian influenzavirus,
disease surveys, serotypes, pathogenicity, reservoir hosts, South Africa.
Pitt,
J.J.; Da Silva, E.; Gorman, J.J. Determination of the disulfide bond arrangement
of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin neuraminidase. Correlation with
a beta-sheet propeller structural fold predicted for Paramyxoviridae attachment
proteins. The Journal
of Biological Chemistry. Mar 3,
2000.
v. 275 (9) p. 6469-6478. ISSN: 0021-9258
NAL
call no: 381 J824
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, viral hemagglutinins,
sialidase, amino acid sequences, cysteine, cystine, molecular conformation,
molecular weight, pseudomolecular weight.
Poston,
R.M.; Johnson, B.D.; Hutchins, J.E.; Doelling, V.W.; Reynolds, D.L. In ovo
NDV vaccination in combination with interferon-type I is safe and efficacious.
Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 13-17.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: chick, embryos, vaccination,
Newcastle disease virus vaccines,
interferon.
Reynolds,
D.; Akinc, S.; Ali, A. Passively administered antibodies alleviate
stunting syndrome in turkey poults. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2000. v. 44 (2) p. 439-442. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Stunting syndrome is an enteric disease of young
turkeys that results in reduced growth (stunting) of poults and impaired feed
efficiency. A virus, which has been termed the stunting syndrome agent (SSA),
causes stunting syndrome. In this study passive immunity was evaluated as a
method of protecting poults from stunting syndrome. One-day-old poults were
injected with either tryptose phosphate broth, an anti-SSA antibody preparation,
or an anti-Newcastle disease virus antibody preparation before challenge by
placing them into SSA-contaminated isolators or control (nonchallenge) isolators.
Poults that received anti-SSA antibodies were significantly heavier (P <
0.05) and did not display as severe clinical disease compared to birds that
did not receive the anti-SSA antibodies. However, the birds that received anti-SSA
antibodies and were challenged were significantly lighter (P < 0.05) than
birds that were not challenged. The results of this trial demonstrate that the
injection of anti-SSA antibodies benefited poults undergoing stunting syndrome.
The role of passive immunity, either through breeder hen vaccination or through
supplying antibodies to poults artificially (i.e., at the hatchery), may have
future applications in alleviating stunting syndrome.
Descriptors: poults, viral diseases, growth disorders, passive
immunization, passive immunity, antibodies, immune serum, disease prevention,
body weight.
Reynolds,
D.L.; Maraqa, A.D. Protective immunity
against Newcastle disease: the role of cell-mediated immunity. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 145-154. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in
protection of birds from Newcastle disease was investigated
by two different strategies in which only Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-specific
CMI was conveyed without neutralizing antibodies. In the first strategy, selected
3-wk-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) birds were vaccinated with either live
NDV (LNDV), ultraviolet-inactivated NDV (UVNDV), sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated
NDV (SDSNDV), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (negative control) by the subcutaneous
route. Birds were booster vaccinated 2 wk later and challenged with the velogenic
Texas GB strain of NDV 1 wk after booster. All vaccinated birds had specific
CMI responses to NDV as measured by a blastogenesis microassay. NDV neutralizing
(VN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses were detected in
birds vaccinated with LNDV and UVNDV. However, birds vaccinated with SDSNDV
developed antibodies that were detected by western blot analysis but not by
the VN or HI test. Protection from challenge was observed only in those birds
that had VN or HI antibody response. That is, birds with demonstrable CMI and
VN or HI antibody response were protected, whereas birds with demonstrable CMI
but no VN or HI antibody response were not protected. In the second strategy,
birds from SPF embryos were treated in ovo with cyclophosphamide (CY) to deplete
immune cells. The birds were monitored and, at 2 wk of age, were selected for
the presence of T-cell activity and the absence of B-cell activity. Birds that
had a significant T-cell response, but not a B-cell response, were vaccinated
with either LNDV, UVNDV, or PBS at 3 wk of age along with the corresponding
CY-untreated control birds. The birds were booster vaccinated at 5 wk of age
and were challenged with Texas GB strain of NDV at 6 wk of age. All birds vaccinated
with LNDV or UVNDV had a specific CMI response to NDV, VN or HI NDV antibodies
were detected in all CY-nontreated vaccinated birds and some of the CY-treated
vaccinated birds that were found to have regenerated their B-cell function at
1 wk postbooster. The challenge results clearly revealed that CY-treated birds
that had NDV-specific CMI and VN or HI antibody responses to LNDV or UVNDV were
protected, as were the CY-nontreated vaccinated birds. However, birds that had
NDV-specific CMI response but did not have VN or HI antibodies were not protected
from challenge. The results from both strategies indicate that specific CMI
to NDV by itself is not protective against virulent NDV challenge. The presence
of VN or HI antibodies is necessary in providing protection from Newcastle disease.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease, chickens, immunity, neutralizing
antibodies, vaccination, live vaccines, inactivated vaccines, experimental infections,
bioassays, immune response, embryos, virulence, antibodies, hemagglutinins.
Reynolds,
D.L.; Maraqa, A.D. Protective immunity
against Newcastle disease: the role of antibodies specific to Newcastle disease virus polypeptides. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 138-144. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Studies were performed to determine if passive
immunization with hyperimmune sera generated to specific Newcastle disease virus (NDV) proteins
conferred protection against virus challenge. Six groups of 3-wk-old chickens
were passively immunized with antiserum against either hemagglutinin-neuraminidase/fusion,
(HN/F) protein, nucleoprotein/phosphoprotein (NP/P), Matrix (M) protein, a mixture
of all NDV proteins (ALL), intact ultraviolet-inactivated NDV (UVNDV), or negative
sera. Blood samples were collected 2 days postimmunization, and the birds were
challenged with Texas GB strain of NDV. Antibody titers were detected from those
recipient birds that had received the antisera against the HN7F, ALL, or UVNDV
by a hemagglutination inhibition test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA), and a virus neutralization test. Antibodies were detected only by the
ELISA from the birds that had received antisera against NP/P and M protein.
Antibody titers in the recipient birds dropped by two dilutions (log2) after
2 days postinjection. Birds passively immunized with antisera against HN/F,
ALL, and UVNDV were protected from challenge, whereas chickens passively immunized
with antisera against NP/P and M protein and specific-pathogen-free sera developed
clinical signs of Newcastle disease. The challenge
virus was recovered from the tracheas of all passively immunized groups. The
presence of neutralizing antibodies to NDV provided protection from clinical
disease but was unable to prevent virus shedding from the trachea.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus,
polypeptides, antibodies, immunity, immune serum, viral proteins, blood chemistry,
experimental infections, passive immunization, virus shedding, symptoms, morbidity, mortality.
Reynolds,
D. Newcastle disease: protection and immunity. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 1-5.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccines,
vaccination, immune response.
Roy,
P.; Venugopalan, A.T.; Koteeswaran, A. Antigenetically unusual Newcastle disease virus from racing pigeons in India. Tropical Animal Health
and Production.
June 2000. v. 32 (3) p. 183-188. ISSN:
0049-4747
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: racing pigeons, Newcastle disease virus, outbreaks,
vaccination, live vaccines, hemagglutination inhibition test, hemagglutination
tests, pathogenicity, acute course, monoclonal antibodies, immunity, chickens,
India.
Roy,
P.; Venugopalan, A.T.; Manvell, R. Characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from chickens and ducks in Tamilnadu, India.
Veterinary Research Communications.
Mar 2000. v. 24 (2) p. 135-142. ISSN: 0165-7380
NAL
call no: SF601.V38
Descriptors: chickens, ducks, Newcastle disease, Newcastle
disease virus, outbreaks, strains, strain differences, identification, mortality,
pathogenicity, hemagglutinins, erythrocytes, monoclonal antibodies, binding,
serotypes, serology, vaccines, vaccination, epidemics, Tamilnadu.
Roy,
P.; Venugopalan, A.T. Passive haemagglutination test in the serology
of Newcastle disease virus. Tropical Animal Health and Production.
Feb 2000. v. 32 (1) p. 19-22. ISSN: 0049-4747
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, live vaccines,
hemagglutination tests, vaccination, antibody formation, hemagglutination inhibition
test.
Slacum,
G.; Hein, R.; Lynch, P. Observations
with a novel Newcastle disease strain, C2. Proceedings of ... Western
Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 17-19.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccine
development, live vaccines.
Swain,
B.K.; Johri, T.S.; Majumdar, S. Effect
of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their different combinations on
the performance and immune response of broilers. British Poultry Science. July 2000. v. 41 (3) p. 287-292. ISSN: 0007-1668
NAL
call no: 47.8 B77
Abstract: 1. The effect of dietary vitamin E, selenium
(Se) and their different combinations on body weight gain, food consumption,
food conversion efficiency, leukocyte migration inhibition and antibody production
was determined in broilers. 2. Chicks were fed on maize-soya bean based diets
with concentrations of supplemental vitamin E varying from 0 to 300 IU/kg and
selenium concentrations varying from 0 to 1 mg/kg either alone or in combination
from 1 to 42 d of age. 3. The chicks were immunised for Newcastle Disease Virus
(NDV) vaccine at 21 d. Per cent leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) was studied
on 42 d. Antibodies to NDV in serum were determined at 10 and 21 d post immunisation
(PI). 4. Chicks receiving Se, 1 mg/kg and vitamin E 300 IU/kg had significantly
higher cellular immune responses in terms of per cent LMI. 5. Maximum body weight
gain and best efficiency of food utilisation were obtained in chicks fed diets
containing 0.50 mg/kg Se and 300 IU/kg vitamin E. 6. Significantly higher antibody
titres (HI and ELISA) at 10 d PI were attributed to 0.06 mg/kg and 150 IU/kg
Se and vitamin E, respectively. 7. These data suggest that optimum growth and
immune response may be achieved at supplemental level of Se of 0.06 mg/kg and
vitamin E at 150 IU/kg. The vitamin E level is higher than that recommended
by NRC (1984, 1994).
Descriptors: broilers, vitamin supplements, vitamin E acetate,
mineral supplements, selenium, feed intake, liveweight gain, feed conversion,
broiler performance, maize, soybean oilmeal, antibody formation, vaccination,
humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, nutrient-nutrient interactions, leukocyte
migration inhibition test.
Takimoto,
T.; Taylor, G.L.; Crennell,-S.J.;
Scroggs, R.A.; Portner, A. Crystallization of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein. Virology.
Apr
25, 2000.
v. 270 (1) p. 208-214. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: viral glycoprotein crystallization,
Newcastle disease virus.
Turner,
S.P.; Ewen, M.; Rooke, J.A.; Edwards, S.A. The effect of space allowance on performance, aggression and immune competence
of growing pigs housed on straw deep-litter at different group sizes.
Livestock Production Science. Sept
2000. v. 66 (1) p. 47-55. ISSN: 0301-6226
NAL
call no: SF1.L5
Descriptors: pigs, performance, aggressive
behavior, immune competence, space requirements, pig housing, deep litter housing,
livestock numbers, liveweight gain, efficiency, lesions, immune response, Newcastle
disease virus, growth rate.
Wambura,
P.N.; Kapaga, A.M.; Hyera, J.M.K. Experimental trials with a thermostable Newcastle disease virus (strain I2) in commercial and village chickens
in Tanzania. Preventive Veterinary
Medicine.
Jan 20, 2000. v. 43 (3) p. 75-83. ISSN:
0167-5877
NAL
call no: SF601.P7
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease
virus, vaccination, live vaccines, virulence, immune response, oral administration,
application methods, survival, medicated feeds, drinking water, heat stability,
Tanzania.
Ward,
M.D.W.; Fuller, F.J.; Mehrotra, Y.; De Buysscher, E.V. Nucleotide sequence and vaccinia
expression of the nucleoprotein of a highly virulent, neurotropic strain of
Newcastle Disease virus. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 34-44. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The nucleoprotein (NP) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was
selected to study the relative importance of an internal structural protein
in the avian immune response. The NP gene of the virulent, neurotropic NDV Texas
GB (TGB) strain was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence data for the NP
gene allowed comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences for the NP genes
of NDV-TGB and the avirulent duck isolate NDV-D26. These comparisons demonstrated
an 89% nucleotide sequence homology and a 97% homology between the deduced amino
acid sequences. The NDV-TGB NP expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus (rVAC)
was electrophoretically and immunologically identical to the wild-type NDV-TGB.
Although inoculation of chickens with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing
the NDV NP gene elicited anti-NDV antibodies in higher titers than in birds
inoculated with live LaSota NDV, this strong anti-NDV response did not protect
against lethal challenge with NDV-TGB.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, nucleotide sequences,
virulence, gene expression, nucleoproteins, strains, immune response, amino
acid sequences, electrophoresis, recombinant proteins, experimental infection,
vaccination, mortality.
Molecular sequence data: genbank/af144730.
Yunis,
R.; Ben-David, A.; Heller, E.D.; Cahaner, A. Immunocompetence
and viability under commercial conditions of broiler groups differing in growth
rate and in antibody response to Escherichia coli vaccine. Poultry
Science. June 2000. v. 79 (6) p. 810-816. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Descriptors: broilers, line differences, selection criteria,
antibody formation, selection responses, broiler lines, crossbreds, liveweight
gain, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia
coli, mortality, disease resistance, infectious diseases, poultry farming.
Zdzisinska,
B.; Filar, J.; Paduch, R.; Kaczor, J.; Lokaj, I.; Kandefer-Szerszen, M.
The influence of ketone bodies and glucose
on interferon, tumor necrosis factor production and NO release in bovine aorta
endothelial cells. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.
May
23, 2000.
v. 74 (3/4) p. 237-247. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL
call no: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: cattle aorta, endothelium, ketone bodies, glucose,
interferon, tumor necrosis factor, biosynthesis, nitrous oxide, cell cultures,
acetoacetic acid, acetone, lipopolysaccharides, Newcastle disease virus, nitrite.
Zulkifli,
I.; Che-Norma, M.T.; Israf,
D.A.; Omar, A.R. The effect of early
age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperatures
in female broiler chickens. Poultry
Science. Oct 2000. v.79 (10) p. 1401-1407. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether
early age feed restriction improves heat
tolerance in female broiler chickens.
Chicks were brooded for 3 wk and then maintained
at 24 +/- 1 C. On Day 0, chicks were assigned to
one of four feeding regimens; each regimen was applied to four cages of chicks. The feeding
regimens were 1) ad libitum feeding (ALF);
2) 40% feed restriction at 4, 5, and
6 d of age (F40); 3) 60% feed restriction
at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F60); and (4) 80% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F80). From 35 to 41 d of
age, all birds were exposed to 38 +/-
1 C for 2 h/d. Serum concentrations of
glucose were elevated by the heat challenge,
but were not affected by the feeding regimen. The
heat treatment resulted in hypocholesteremia
among ALF and F80 chicks, whereas the
concentrations increased and remained constant in the F60 and F40 birds, respectively. Subjecting chicks to F60 improved growth and
survivability and reduced heterophil to lymphocyte
ratios (H/L) in response to the heat treatment as compared with
the ALF and F80 regimens. The survivability
rate and H/L of F40 chicks were similar
to those attained by chicks on other
regimens. Newcastle disease antibody titer
of ALF birds declined with duration of
heat treatment. It is concluded that the F60 regimen is beneficial for alleviating,
at least in part, the detrimental effects
of heat stress in female broiler chickens.
Descriptors: broilers, restricted feeding, heat tolerance,
environmental temperature, timing, age differences, unrestricted feeding, blood
picture, lymphocytes, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, blood serum,
cholesterol, antibody formation, stress response, body weight, heterophil : lymphocyte
ratio.
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