TITLE: IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
PUBLICATION DATE: September 1993
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
UPDATE FREQUENCY:
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DOCUMENT TYPE: text
DOCUMENT SIZE: 341k (151 pages)
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ISSN: 1052-5378
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
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IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
January 1991 - July 1993
QB 93-69
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IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
January 1991 - July 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-69
Updates QB 91-144
289 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Jane Potter Gates
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
September 1993 National Agricultural Library cataloging Record:
Gates, Jane Potter
IPM and biological control of plant pests : field crops.
(Quick bibliography series ; 93-69)
1. Pests--Integrated control--Bibliography. 2. Pests--
Biological control--Bibliography. 3. Field crops--Diseases and
pests--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.93-69
AGRICOLA
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database between January 1979 and the present.
SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National
Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of
sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS: FIELD CROPS
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
S1 463 IPM
S2 6746 INTEGRATED
S3 18790 PEST
S4 128482 MANAGEMENT
S5 2310 INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
S6 2383 IPM OR INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
S7 6746 INTEGRATED
S8 134489 CONTROL?
S9 955 INTEGRATED(W)CONTROL?
S10 3197 S6 OR INTEGRATED()CONTROL?
S11 534 BIOCONTROL
S12 27998 BIOLOGICAL
S13 134489 CONTROL?
S14 12748 BIOLOGICAL(W)CONTROL?
S15 15616 S10 OR BIOCONTROL OR BIOLOGICAL()CONTROL?
S16 14991 ALTERNATIVE?
S17 177648 PEST?
S18 134489 CONTROL?
S19 8413 PEST?(N)CONTROL?
S20 15689 S15 OR ALTERNATIVE? AND PEST?(N)CONTROL?
S21 63215 SH=F821
S22 74282 INSECT()PEST? OR S21
S23 9039 S20 AND S22
S24 8928 S23/TI,DE,ID
S25 7644 S24/ENG
255527 UD=9101 : UD=9999
S26 1674 S25 AND UD=9101:9999
S38 155412 FIELD()CROP? OR WHEAT OR CORN OR OATS OR BARLEY
OR GRAIN? OR TOBACCO OR PEANUT? OR SUGARBEET?
S53 199547 S38 OR SOYBEAN? OR ZEA()MAYS OR
HORDEUM()VULGARE OR TRITICUM()AESTIVUM OR
GOSSYPIUM OR COTTON OR CEREAL? OR SORGHUM
S57 200579 S53 OR NICOTIANA()TABACUM
S58 280 S26 AND S57
S59 255527 UD=9101 : UD=9999
S60 280 S58 AND UD=9101 : 9999
IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS: FIELD CROPS
1 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31P
1988 Importations and shipments of parasites for biological
control of Russian wheat aphid.
Gilstrap, F.E.; McKinnon, L.K.; Gonzalez, D.; Woolley, J.B.;
Wharton, R.A. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1989 Aug.
PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (4674): 12 p.; 1989
Aug. Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Diuraphis noxia; Parasites of insect pests
2 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 Il62C no.899 1987
1988 insect pest management guide field and forage crops..
Insect pest management guide Field and forage crops Kuhlman,
Donald E.; Steffey, Kevin Lloyd, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative Extension Service, Illinois,
Natural History Survey Division Urbana, Ill. : University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture,
Cooperative Extension Service, in cooperation with Illinois
Natural History Survey,; 1987.
29 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Circular (University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) ; 899.).
Caption title. Revised annually. November 1987. Includes
bibliographical references (p. 29).
Language: English
Descriptors: Field crops; Forage crops; Insect pests;
Pesticides
Abstract: Topics covered in this field and forage crops
insect pest management guide include integrated pest
management (IPM) and pest scouting, federal and state laws
governing pesticide use, insecticide nomenclature, pesticide
labels and safety, corn rootworm, wireworm, European corn
borer, and reduced tillage and no-till corn insect pests and
their control, forage insects, worker reentry periods, and
additional information sources. Specific insecticide
recommendations for soybean, alfalfa and clover, grain
sorghum, small grains, sunflower, grass pasture, and noncrop
area insect control are provided. It also contains tables of
harvest restrictions and insecticide toxicities. This
publication is revised annually.
3 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 Il62C no.1242 1987
1988 insect pest management guide stored grain.. Insect pest
management guide Stored grain
Weinzierl, Richard A.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative
Extension Service Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Cooperative
Extension Service,; 1987.
7 p. ; 28 cm. (Circular (University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) ; 1242.). Caption
title. November 1987. Includes bibliographical references (p.
7).
Language: English
Descriptors: Grain; Storage; Diseases and injuries; Insect
pests; Control; Pesticides; Application; Study and teaching;
Illinois
Abstract: This annually revised guide contains insecticide
and cultural control recommendations for managing stored-grain
insect pests. Integrated pest management (IPM) concepts and
applicator certification requirements for applying
insecticides and fumigants are discussed. Addresses and
telephone numbers of Illinois Poison Resource Centers and
sources of additional information are provided.
4 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
1993 Corn--insect, disease, nematode, and weed control
recommendations. Everest, J.W.; Patterson, M.G.; Mask, P.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1993 Jan.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (428): 10 p.; 1993 Jan. In subseries: Integrated
Pest Management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Insect pests; Insect control;
Insecticides; Plant disease control; Nematode control; Weed
control; Herbicides; Application methods; Application rates
5 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Ability of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to
search for, find, and attack European corn borer and corn
earworm eggs on corn. Reid, C.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 83-86; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Ova;
Biological control; Orius insidiosus; Predators of insect
pests; Searching behavior
Abstract: The ability of Orius insidiosus (Say) to search
for, find, and destroy eggs of European corn borer, Ostrinia
nubilalis (Hubner), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea
(Boddie), was investigated in the field. Mobility of O.
insidiosus on individual corn plants, attack rates on corn
borer and corn earworm eggs, and searching capacity on corn
plants were studied. Egg position on the corn plant and
predator density affected egg mortality. Mortality rates rose
with increased predator numbers. O. insidiosus searched in the
corn silks first, followed by searching on the corn leaves but
not in the tassel.
6 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Adherent starch granules for encapsulation of insect control
agents. McGuire, M.R.; Shasha, B.S.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1425-1433. ill;
1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Biological control;
Bacillus thuringiensis; Encapsulation; Formulations; Starch
granules; Adhesion
Abstract: Granule carriers for insect control agents have
been used for many years, especially for control of soil-borne
pests. Granular baits have not been practical for foliar
application because they do not stick well and are susceptible
to removal by wind or rain. A simple and economic technique to
prepare adherent granules has been developed. The granules are
made of starch which, when applied to wet surfaces and allowed
to dry, will adhere even in the presence of additional water.
Granules were formulated by mixing pregelatinized starch with
a water-organic solvent solution. Solvents tested included
methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1,4-
dioxane. The resulting mass, after drying, easily crumbled
into particles that could then be sieved to desired particle
sizes. Assays that measured resistance to wash-off
demonstrated that granules made with 2-propanol were retained
on both glass and cotton leaf surfaces, whereas granules made
with water alone washed off easily. Granules made with 2-
propanol and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner showed no loss of
insecticidal activity when compared with granules made with
water alone. A field study testing adult Diabrotica virgifera
virgifera LeConte attraction to traps baited with p-
methoxycinnamaldehyde encapsulated within starch granules
demonstrated a sustained rate of release of the attractant
over a 12-d period. Possible benefits of an adherent
pesticidal bait formulation are discussed.
7 NAL Call. No.: A00033
AGnews: vine weevil targeted; ag fellowship award; more fuel
alcohol. San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1990
Sep15. BioEngineering news v. 11 (38): p. 2, 8; 1990 Sep15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Biological control; Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora; Xenorhabdus; Curculionidae; Postsecondary
education; Usda; Biotechnology; Ethanol production
8 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Air sampling of volatile sex pheromone components in a closed
jar. Shani, A.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 971-980; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ephestia cautella; Sex pheromones; Chemical
composition; Volatile compounds; Air; Jars; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: A cotton wool plug, used as the source for
pheromone release, was placed in closed 1-quart Mason jars,
either at the mouth or at the rear of the jar. Air sampling of
the two components of the sex pheromone (total 2.2 mg at the
source) of the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) female showed
that the saturation period near the source in still air was
20-22 hr and that far from the source was 40-50 hr, reaching a
level of less than 1 ng/ml air. The ratio between the
components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, designated D,
and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate designated M, in the air was
close to the original ratio for both sampling sites, albeit
somewhat richer in the more volatile (Z)-9-tetradecenyl
acetate (source 77.0:23.0 D:M, air 73.0-74.3:27.0-25.7; source
80.1:19.9, air 77.6:22.4; source 25.1:74.9, air 23.9:76.1
D:M). The total amount of pheromone per milliliter of air was
two to three times larger near the source than far from it at
the early stages of the evaporation and saturation process.
When the amount of pheromone applied to the source was tripled
(7 mg), the amount far from the source was almost tripled, or
the saturation time was cut by factor of two to three.
9 NAL Call. No.: S544.5.A17W74
Alfalfa seed production and pest management: introduction.
Johansen, C.
S.l. : Cooperative Extension, Washington State University,
etc. :.; 1991 Jun. WREP - Western Region Extension Publication
- Cooperative Extension Service v.): 3 p.; 1991 Jun. In the
series analytic: Alfalfa seed production and pest management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Seed production; Pollinators;
Apis mellifera; Nomia melanderi; Megachile rotundata;
Integrated pest management
10 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Alginate and cornstarch mycelial formulations of
entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae.
Pereira, R.M.; Roberts, D.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1657-1661; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Mortality;
Biological control; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium
anisopliae; Formulations; Alginates; Maize starch; Mycelium;
Storage; Solar radiation
Abstract: Dry mycelium of the entomopathogenic fungi
Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in alginate and
cornstarch formulations was evaluated for survival of the
formulated mycelium, conidial production on mycelium after
exposure to artificial solar radiation, and infectivity to
southern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica undecimpunctata
howardi Barber. Alginate formulations were prepared with 1%
sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Cornstarch formulations
were prepared with gelatinized cornstarch and moist mycelium
from liquid culture medium. Oil was added to some starch
preparations. Results showed that cornstarch arid cornstarch-
oil formulations produced more conidia per gram of
incorporated mycelium than other preparations. In general,
alginate formulations were less productive than pure mycelium.
Cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations were best at
preserving fungi at room temperature (22 degrees C), whereas
all formulations provided similar reservation at 4 degrees C.
Alginate formulations prevented degradation of fungi by
artificial solar radiation, whereas cornstarch-oil was less
effective than pure mycelium preparations. Mortality to D.
undecimpunctata caused by mycelium formulated into alginate
and cornstarch-oil preparations were comparable to that caused
by pure mycelium preparations. A lag time of 3-4 d preceded
disease development on test insects, because of the need for
dry mycelium to produce conidia before initiating infection.
11 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Alginate pellet formulation of a Beauveria bassiana (Fungi:
Hyphomycetes) isolate pathogenic to cereal aphids.
Knudsen, G.R.; Johnson, J.B.; Eschen, D.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2225-2228; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Cereals; Seedlings; Aphidoidea; Diuraphis
noxia; Schizaphis graminum; Beauveria bassiana; Biological
control agents
Abstract: An isolate of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)
Vuillemin derived from aphids was grown in liquid media and
formulated in alginate pellets with or without the addition of
wheat bran. Biomass production in Sabouraud's broth + 1% yeast
extract (SBY) was significantly higher than in potato dextrose
broth. After 1 wk in SBY, yields averaged 3,080 pellets per
liter. Pellets without bran weighed an average of 4.6 mg each,
and pellets with bran weighed 9.4 mg each. After 5 mo storage,
the fungus sporulated more profusely from pellets with bran
(2.5 X 10(8) conidia per pellet) than from pellets) without
bran (1.8 X 10(8) conidia per pellet). Sporulating pellets
were placed on wheat seedlings infested with greenbug,
Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and incubated at high humidity.
After 9-15 d, 3-44% of aphids killed by Beauveria were
observed on wheat where pellets were added versus 0% in
control The potential for use of pelletized B. bassiana for
aphid control is discussed.
12 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
alpha-Tocopherol alteration of soybean antiherbivory to
Trichoplusia ni larvae.
Neupane, F.P.; Norris, D.M.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Oct.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (10): p. 1941-1951; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trichoplusia ni; Feeding behavior; Glycine max;
Pest resistance; Alpha-tocopherol; Insect control; Biological
control
Abstract: The antioxidant vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, was
tested as a candidate elicitor of alterable antiherbivory in
soybean plants against cabbage looper larvae. Although a
nonspecific antioxidant, vitamin E proved elicitory to the
involved sulfhydryl-dependent receptor-energy transducer
protein in soybean plasma membrane. Effects of alpha-
tocopherol were dependent on dosage, time, and space in the
plant. The observed elicited effects were all decreases in
herbivory. The best negative phytochemical correlate of looper
feeding was the percentage of increased total HPLC peak area
of extractables from elicited as compared to nonelicited
leaves. Some specific compounds, e.g., glyceollins, were
quantitatively major components of the total profile of
secondary metabolites.
13 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Analyzing cotton community communication networks to aid in
the adoption of integrated pest management.
Lame, M.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 2: p. 793-795; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Integrated pest management
14 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as natural control agents of
pests in irrigated maize in Nicaragua.
Perfecto, I.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 65-70; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicaragua; Zea mays; Irrigated conditions; Crop
damage; Dalbulus maidis; Spodoptera frugiperda; Biological
control; Formicidae
Abstract: The effect of the natural ant community as a
possible source of biological control for the fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and the corn leafhopper,
Dalbulus maidis (De Long & Wolcott), was examined in irrigated
maize, Zea mays L., in the Pacific plains of Nicaragua. By
means of poison baits, ant-foraging activity was reduced in
plots planted with maize and compared with control plots. Ants
were found to significantly reduce fall armyworm and corn
leafhopper abundance as well as damage by the fall armyworm to
maize plants. The results are discussed in relation to
establishing economic injury levels for the fall armyworm in
irrigated maize and the possibility of incorporating ants as a
component of an integrated pest management program on maize in
Nicaragua.
15 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
Aphids on cotton.
O'Brien, P.J.; Baldwin, J.L.; Graves, J.B.
Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1991 Sep.
Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (2455):
9 p.; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Aphis gossypii;
Aphidoidea; Pest control; Biological control; Neozygites
fresenii; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Insecticides
16 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Assets of an IPM specialist with particular reference to
Chilo. Odhiambo, T.R.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 571-576;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hosts of plant pests; Cultivars; Intercropping;
Pest resistance; Chilo; Integrated pest management;
Neurotoxins; Semiochemicals; Tropics
Abstract: The main thrust of the article is to present the
historical development of the idea of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) from the heyday of "pestophobia" (the
insistence of elimination of any vestige of insect
interference with the cosmetic appearance of our crops) which
leads to the misuse and abuse of insecticides, to the era of
employing IPM concepts, which leads to pest interventions
which are necessarily knowledge-intensive. Illustrations are
given using ICIPE'S research experience in developing an IPM
approach to the control of Chilo through adaptation of
relevant intercropping patterns, plant resistant cultivars and
biological control agents. In this task, the Ipm specialist
needs to gave three assests to be successful in the tropics:
he needs to be a first-class natural historian; he requires to
new knowledge on the traditional knowledge of the rural
farmer, and to rationalize it scientifically, and he needs to
be able to manipulate new innovations-both technical and
social.
17 NAL Call. No.: 381 J825N
Attacked corn plants call wasps to the rescue.
Borman, S.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1992 Sep07.
Chemical and engineering news v. 70 (36): p. 8; 1992 Sep07.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Biological control; Usda; Cotesia
marginiventris; Terpenoids; Lepidoptera
18 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Autodissemination of a baculovirus for management of tobacco
budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tobacco.
Jackson, D.M.; Brown, G.C.; Nordin, G.L.; Johnson, D.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (3): p. 710-719; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum;
Heliothis virescens; Mortality; Biological control; Nuclear
polyhedrosis viruses; Autographa californica
Abstract: An autodissemination technique for control of the
tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was tested for 2 yr
in tobacco fields in Kentucky and North Carolina. We used
pheromone-baited traps to attract male moths into
contamination stations, where they were forced to crawl
through a powder formulation of a baculovirus, Autographa
californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). After they
were contaminated with AcNPV powder, males escaped back to the
field. When males mated with wild females, they transferred
some of the AcNPV powder to females, which in turn surface-
contaminated their eggs. When larvae chewed through the egg
chorion, some of them ingested enough viral polyhedra to
become lethally infected. Tests of this autodissemination
technique in the field required measurements of contamination
rates of males, eggs, and larvae. Because a reliable method
for sampling adult females of H. virescens is not available,
their contamination rate could not be directly assessed.
Pheromone-baited monitoring traps showed that 0-30% of the
males were marked with a fluorescent marking powder, which was
used in the AcNPV formulation. Examination by scanning
electron microscopy showed that an average of 6.7-7.8% of the
eggs collected from AcNPV-treated fields had polyhedra
clustered on the upper hemisphere near the micropyle. Light
microscope examination showed that an average of 0.7-11.9% of
larvae reared from eggs collected in AcNPV-treated fields died
from the virus. ACNPV-induced larval mortality peaked at
approximately 25% at the Kentucky location in 1989. Although
the autodissemination technique functioned, it was not
economically effective because the AcNPV transmission and
subsequent larval mortality were limited. In part, this may
have been because the dispersal area of Heliothis moths was
large relative to the small experimental plot size and the
short distance between fields, resulting in migration of moths
and dilution of AcNPV-induced mortality.
19 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Beauveria bassiana
(Balsamo) Vuillimen for European corn borer control: program
for immediate and season-long suppression.
Lewis, L.C.; Bing, L.A.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Mar.
The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (2): p. 387-393; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Crop damage; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Beauveria
bassiana; Formulations; Granules; Insecticidal action;
Pesticide mixtures
20 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Bacillus thuringiensis: toxicity to tobacco budworms and
synergistic interaction with insecticides.
Plapp, F.W. Jr
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 725-726;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis virescens; Insect
control; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis;
Entomopathogenic bacteria; Insecticides
21 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Behavior and performance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera:
Aphididae) on fungal endophyte-infected and uninfected
perennial ryegrass.
Clement, S.L.; Lester, D.G.; Wilson, A.D.; Pike, K.S.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 583-588; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Lolium perenne; Endophytes;
Acremonium; Biological control agents; Diuraphis noxia; Pest
resistance
Abstract: The behavior and performance of the Russian wheat
aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on fungal endophyte-
infected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne
L., was investigated in the laboratory and field. Aphids did
not select endophyte-free over endophyte-infected leaf sheaths
and stem segments in petri dish preference tests. Similarly,
the probing behavior of D. noxia on endophyte-free and
infected L. perenne did not vary in laboratory tests. However,
compared with aphid counts on endophyte-free plants, counts on
infected plants were significantly lower on the first day and
thereafter in laboratory population growth tests. Numbers of
D. noxia were higher on endophyte-free plants than on infected
plants of L. perenne in replicated field plots. The results
are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of
resistance involved, our knowledge of the performance of other
cereal aphids on endophyte-infected grasses, and the use of
endophytic fungi as aphid biocontrol agents.
22 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Bioassay of four entomophthoralean fungi (Entomophthorales)
against Diuraphis noxia nd Metopolophium dirhodum (Homoptera:
Aphididae).
Feng, M.G.; Johnson, J.B.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 338-345; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Metopolophium dirhodum;
Entomophthorales; Conidiobolus thromboides; Erynia; Biological
control agents
Abstract: A spore shower technique was used to test four
species of aphid-derived entomophthoralean fungi, Pandora
neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber, Zoophthora
radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Conidiobolus thromboides Drechsler,
and Conidiobolus coronatus (Constantin) Batko, against the
cereal aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) and Metopolophium
dirhodum (Walker). Six endemic and five foreign isolates of
the four fungal species were tested. There was variability in
virulence among different isolates and species of the fungi
and in susceptibility between the two aphid species. Low
LC50's (i.e., high virulence) were produced with two C.
coronatus isolates (2.2-4.0 spores/mm2), three C. thromboides
isolates (2.3-13.2 spores/mm2), and two P. neoaphidis isolates
(1.4-8.1 spores/mm2. Two Z. radicans isolates exhibited
moderate virulence with LC50's ranging from 25.1 to 46.8
spores/mm2. Two isolates of C. thromboides that had been in
long-term storage displayed relatively low virulence. Aphid
colonies on leaves were more suitable for bioassays than
aphids confined in wire mesh inoculation chambers. The latter
were disadvantageous, because the aphid movement within the
chamber adversely affected the determination of fungal
inoculum exposure rates. These conditions also often induced
the production of resting spores instead of primary conidia.
23 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Bioecological studies on Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich and
its potential for biological control of Chilo partellus
Swinhoe.
Bahana, J.W.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 765-772;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo partellus;
Biological control; Ichneumonidae; Parasites of insect pests
Abstract: Studies were carried out at Mbita Point Field
Station, South Nyanza, western Kenya from 1984 to 1987 to
determine the role of Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich in the
population dynamics of Chilo partellus Swinhoe and its
potential as a biological control agent against the stem
borer. D. busseolae is a solitary endoparasitoid which
parasitizes and completes its development in the pupa of C.
partellus. The developmental period ranged from 64.5 +/- 9.5
days at 15 degrees C to 12.0 +/- 1.5 days at 30 degrees C for
males, and from 66.7 +/- 9.8 days to 13.1 +/- 2.1 days for
females, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase
of the parasitoid was 0.1375, and the population multiplied
24.21 times in the mean generation time of 28 days. The
functional response was curvilinear. Field parasitism in maize
and sorghum was evident 7 weeks after plant emergence (APE).
Thereafter, parasitism was persistent until crop harvest. The
range of parasitism was 0 to 45.5% (x = 23.3%) on maize and
9.7 to 90% (average = 36.0%) on sorghum respectively. Using
laboratory and field observations, a model for the host
searching process of D. busseolae has been constructed. The
potential of the parasitoid in biological control programmes
of C. partellus is also discussed.
24 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Biological control of bollworms and budworms.
Steinkraus, D.C.; Kring, T.J.; Young, S.Y.; Yearian, W.C.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1992 Jul.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 41 (4): p. 18-19; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis
virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Biological control
25 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
Biological control of cereal aphids in South America.
Zuniga, E.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 May.
Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
Oklahoma State University (132): p. 257; 1991 May. In the
series analytic: Aphid-Plant Interaction: Populations to
Molecules / edited by D.C. Peters, J.A. Webster, and C.S.
Chlouber. Paper presented at a symposium held August 12-17,
1990, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South America; Cereals; Metopolophium dirhodum;
Sitobion avenae; Parasitoids; Predators of insect pests;
Biological control agents
26 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Biological control of Chilo spp. in maize, sorghum and millet.
Mohyuddin, A.I.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 721-732.
maps; 1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of
graminaceous crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena
and K.V. Seshu Reddy. Proceedings of the First International
Symposium on the Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989,
Nairobi, Kenya. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Millets; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo; Biological
control; Natural enemies; Literature reviews
Abstract: Eight species of the genus Chilo Zincken have been
reported from maize, sorghum and millet. Out of these, four
species C. agamemnon Bleszynksi, C. diffusilineus de Joannis,
C. orichalcociliellus (Strand) and C. partellus (Swinhoe) are
known pests of these crops. Others, C. sacchariphagus (Bojer)
and C. suppressalis (Walker), are serious pests of sugar-cane
and rice and have been occasionally recorded attacking maize,
sorghum and millet. Their distribution is discussed. About 50
species of parasitoids and predators reported from various
Chilo spp. are listed. Possibilities of biological control are
discussed.
27 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Biological control of Chilo spp. in sugar-cane.
David, H.; Easwaramoorthy, S.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 733-748;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saccharum officinarum; Chilo; Biological control;
Microorganisms; Parasites of insect pests; Pathogens;
Predators of insect pests; Literature reviews
Abstract: Several species of Chilo occur on sugar-cane, out
of which five have major pest status. Infestation by these
pests causes losses in cane yield and sugar recovery. There
are constraints involved in the use of cultural, mechanical
and chemical control measures on a large scale, but the nature
of the crop facilitates adoption or biological control. Many
species of natural enemies occur in the sugar-cane agro-
ecosystem, which is relatively less disturbed. They play a
significant role in maintaining the pest populations at
reasonably low level. In biological control, the egg parasite,
Trichogramma spp., has been widely used with varying results.
Among the larval parasites, Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) and
Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend have been used on a limited
scale and need further testing in other countries. The exotic
tachinids introduced, failed to establish against Chilo spp.
Not much work has been done on the predators, though the
native predators play a significant role in reducing the pest
densities. Among the entomopathogens, granulosis virus
infecting Chilo infuscatellus Snellen has shown promise in the
control of this pest and needs further evaluation in other
agro-climatic regions. Future thrust for biological control of
Chilo spp., in sugar-cane has also been indicated.
28 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Biological control of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
with Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in
corn used as a trap crop.
Purcell, M.; Johnson, M.W.; Lebeck, L.M.; Hara, A.H.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1441-1447; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Neoaplectana
carpocapsae; Biological control agents; Trap crops
Abstract: The planting of corn borders as a trap crop for the
melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, potentially could
cause increased infestation rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)
in adjacent tomatoes. The potential of the entomopathogenic
nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser for control of H. zea
in corn borders was explored in research conducted both in
Oahu and Maui, HI. Field tests were conducted to determine the
concentration response of H. zea to S. carpocapsae in Oahu.
The most effective of the treatments tested were 4,000 and
40,000 nematodes per milliliter of water, causing 57.6 +/- 5.4
and 74.5 +/- 17.4% mortality, respectively, 6 d after
treatment. In corn border trials with tomatoes, treated corn
had 15 times fewer living H. zea larvae and 97% less damage to
corn ears than in untreated corn. There was a mean of 0.03 +/-
0.02 living H. zea larva per ear in the treated corn
throughout the 9-wk treatment period, versus 0.45 +/- 0.06
larvae per ear in the untreated corn. The mean feeding damage
to the corn ears was significantly greater in the untreated
corn, at 3.8 +/- 0.25 cm, than the treated ears, at 0.16 +/-
0.02 cm. During the primary period of H. zea infestation
(tomato harvests 1-4), the marketable yield of tomatoes with
corn borders treated with S. carpocapsae was 18% higher than
the untreated corn border treatments. However, the tomato
plots with no corn borders had consistently higher yields than
those with corn borders throughout the six harvests.
29 NAL Call. No.: 1 AG84PRO
Biological control of the Alfalfa weevil.
Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1991 Dec.
Program aid PA - U.S. Department of Agriculture v.): 11 p.;
1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Medicago sativa; Hypera postica;
Biological control; Life cycle; Microctonus; Parasites
30 NAL Call. No.: SB945.E75D36 1989
Biological control of the European corn borer.
Danon, Vladimir
Zagreb, Simunska, Yugoslavia : Institute for Plant Protection,
Faculty of Agricultural Science, [1989?]; 1989.
15 leaves ; 30 cm. Cover title. Final report. Project: 645.
Language: English
Descriptors: European corn borer; Corn
31 NAL Call. No.: Q320.A4
Biotech boosts seed proteins that halt feeding: a technology
to protect stored grains.
Cutler, K.
Cedar Falls, Iowa : Freiberg Pub; 1991 May.
AgBiotechnology news v. 8 (3): p. 12, 19; 1991 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Amylases; Genetic engineering; Usda; Grain
stores; Insect pests; Biological control
32 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Budworms and bollworms targeted by a virus.
Cooke, L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1990 Oct.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 38 (10): p. 24-25. ill; 1990
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Nicotiana tabacum;
Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Biological control
33 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Caged versus uncaged releases of Russian wheat aphid natural
enemies in four states in spring, 1991.
Reed, D.K.; Elliott, N.C.; Flanders, R.V.; Hein, G.L.; Karner,
M.A.; Michels, G.J. Jr; Walker, C.B.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
164-169; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Texas; Colorado; Nebraska; Diuraphis
noxia; Cycloneda; Hippodamia variegata; Aphidius colemani;
Aphidius matricariae; Aphelinus asychis; Predators of insect
pests; Biological control agents
34 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Calendar and monitored insecticide application for the control
of cowpea pests.
Afun, J.V.K.; Jackai, L.E.N.; Hodgson, C.J.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Oct.
Crop protection v. 10 (5): p. 363-370; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Insect control; Aphis
craccivora; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Maruca testulalis;
Integrated pest management; Monitoring; Population density;
Economic thresholds; Chemical control; Lambda-cyhalothrin;
Dimethoate; Application date; Timing; Decision making; Crop
yield; Grain; Crop damage; Cost benefit analysis
35 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Can polyphagous predators control the bird cherry-oat aphid
(Rhopalosiphum padi) in spring cereals? A simulation study.
Ekbom, B.S.; Wiktelius, S.; Chiverton, P.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Dec.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 65 (3): p. 215-223;
1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rhopalosiphum padi; Biological control; Bembidion
lampros; Pterostichus cupreus; Predators of insect pests;
Simulation models
36 NAL Call. No.: SB950.2.I3I4
Can we really make use of beneficial insects in field crops?.
Weinzierl, R.
Urbana, Ill. : Cooperative Extension Service, Univ of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign; 1991.
Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference summaries of
presentations January 8, 9, 10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois / Univ
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Coop Ext Serv, in coop with
the Illinois Natural History Survey. p. 81-87; 1991.
"Proceedings of the 1991 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides
Conference," January 8-10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Field crops; Biological control; Beneficial
insects
37 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
CenTari (a new BT strain for beet armyworm control on cotton).
Larson, L.V.; Adir, H.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 1: p. 53-54; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai; Spodoptera
exigua; Gossypium; Pest control; Biological control agents
38 NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5
Characterization of two genes encoding Bacillus thuringiensis
insecticidal crystal proteins toxin to Coleoptera species.
Donovan, W.P.; Rupar, M.J.; Slaney, A.C.; Malvar, T.; Gawron-
Burke, M.C.; Johnson, T.B.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992
Dec. Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (12): p.
3921-3927; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Strains; Genes; Proteins;
Toxicity; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences;
Coleoptera; Biological control; Entomopathogenic bacteria
Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis EG2838 and EG4961 are highly
toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and only strain EG4961
is toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. To investigate the
cause of the different insecticidal activities of EG2838 and
EG4961, cryIII-type genes toxic to coleopterans were cloned
from each strain. The cryIIIB gene, cloned as part of an 8.0-
kb EcoRI fragment of EC2838 DNA, encoded a crystal protein
(CryIIIB) of 74,237 Da. The cryIIIB2 gene, cloned as part of
an 8.3-kb PstI-Asp718 fragment of EG4961 DNA, encoded a
crystal protein (CryIIIB2) of 74,393 Da that was 94% identical
to CryIIIB. Analysis of the transcriptional start sites showed
that cryIIIB and cryIIIB2 were initiated from a conserved
region located within 130 nucleotides upstream from the
translation start sites of both genes. Although the CryIIIB
and CryIIIB2 proteins were similar in sequence, they displayed
distinct insecticidal activities: CryIIIB was one-third as
toxic as CryIIIB2 to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and
CryIIIB2, but not CryIIIB, was toxic to southern corn rootworm
larvae. Genes encoding crystal proteins of approximately 32
and 31 kDa were located adjacent to the cryIIIB and cryIIIB2
genes, respectively. The 32- and 31-kDa crystal proteins
failed to enhance the insecticidal activities of CryIIIB and
CryIIIB2.
39 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7N45
Chinese wasp offers first biological control of corn's worst
enemy. Holder, W.
Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany
County; 1992 May.
News and views v. 77 (4): p. 4; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Trichogramma ostriniae; Pest control; Integrated pest
management
40 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Chronology of infection of European corn borer (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae) with the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta: effect of
development and vertical transmission.
Sajap, A.S.; Lewis, L.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 178-182; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Biological control; Body
weight; Fecundity; Larvae; Longevity; Oviposition; Pupae;
Nosema pyrausta; Parasites of insect pests; Vertical
transmission
Abstract: Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) detrimentally affected
the development of its host, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner).
Larvae exposed to the microsporidium during the first two
stadia formed abnormal pupae or emerged as abnormal adults.
Infections of later instars reduced average longevity of
resultant adult females by at least 2 d and fecundity by at
least 50%. Eggs from infected adults were contaminated with
the microsporidium. The prevalence of transovarial-transovum
infections, determined by the presence of spores in eggs or in
emerging larvae, varied with the spore concentrations to which
the parent females were exposed and with the time (within the
oviposition period) that the eggs were laid. Per os infection
of O. nubilalis larvae with N. pyrausta is important in
maintaining this microsporidium in a population of O.
nubilalis as well as reducing the vitality of the population.
41 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Colonization of six exotic parasites (Hymenoptera) against
Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn.
Overholt, W.A.; Smith, J.W. Jr
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1889-1902; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Diatraea grandiosella;
Trichogramma; Allorhogas; Macrocentrus; Cotesia flavipes;
Hymenoptera; Pediobius; Parasites of insect pests; Biological
control agents
Abstract: Six exotic parasites, Trichogramma atopovirilia
Oatman & Platner, Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh, Cotesia
flavipes Cameron, Macrocentrus prolificus Wharton,
Digonogastra kimballi Kirkland, and Pediobius furvus (Gahan),
were colonized in commercial corn fields in the Texas High
Plains against Diatraea grandiosella Dyar from 1985 to 1987.
Colonization sites were monitored to estimate parasitization,
dispersal, and parasite overwintering. D. kimballi, an
external parasite of late instars, dispersed farther than
other species and was the only parasite to demonstrate a
propensity for overwintering. The pupal parasite, P. furvus,
was capable of causing seasonal parasitization as high as
50.0% within 10 m of the colonization locus and showed the
strongest numerical increase. The egg parasite, T.
atopovirilia, caused 33.6% parasitization within 2 m of the
colonization locus but was not recovered at greater distances.
Parasitization by A. pyralophagus, which attacks medium-sized
larvae, never exceeded 3.6% in any year of the study. Seasonal
parasitization of C. flavipes, a parasite of late instars, was
0.0-14.5%, but the potential of this parasite as an effective
natural enemy of D. grandiosella is limited by apparent
encapsulation in the hosts and inability to overwinter. The
polyembryonic larval parasite, M. prolificus, was not
recovered during the 3-yr study. An aggregative response to
host density was not detected for any of the parasites. The
results of this study suggest that D. kimballi may be able to
establish in the Texas High Plains, and that P. furvus may
have potential as a biological control agent in a seasonal
inoculative or inundative approach.
42 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Comparative life table statistics of Diaeretiella rapae and
Aphidius matricariae on the Russion wheat aphid.
Reed, H.C.; Reed, D.K.; Elliott, N.C.
Dalla, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society; 1992 Dec.
The Southwestern entomologist v. 17 (4): p. 307-312; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius
matricariae; Parasitoids; Life history; Biological control
agents
43 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Comparison of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined
with antidesiccants applied by canopy sprays against three
cotton pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Glazer, I.; Klein, M.; Navon, A.; Nakache, Y.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1636-1641; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Earias insulana; Helicoverpa armigera;
Spodoptera littoralis; Biological control; Desiccants;
Entomophilic nematodes; Neoaplectana carpocapsae
Abstract: Ways to reduce larval populations of the cotton
pests Earias insulana (Boisduval), Heliothis armigera Hubner,
and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) by using the
entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (strain
Mexican) were defined. In a screening assay, the survival at
low relative humidities of nematode infective juveniles (IJs)
treated with the antidesiccants Biosys 627 (15 and 20% wt/wt),
Folicote (6% wt/wt), and natural wax (18% wt/wt) were three
times higher than the control (25%). None of the
antidesiccants tested, with the exception of New Film, had any
adverse effect on nematode viability in aqueous solutions.
Application to the foliage of 500 and 1,000 IJs/ml in water
was required to attain > 85% control of E. insulana and S.
littoralis, respectively, on bean plants. Addition of the
antidesiccants Biosys 627 (20% wt/wt), natural wax (18%
wt/wt), or Folicote (6% wt/wt) to the nematode suspension had
a similar effect on insect mortality, with lower nematode
concentrations (125 and 250 IJs/ml for E. insulana and S.
littoralis, respectively). In the case of H. armigera,
nematode suspension at a concentration as high as 5,000/ml
water resulted in only 22% control. Addition of the
antidesiccants resulted in a 4-fold increase (to 85-95%) of
insect mortality. In microplot experiments, foliage
application of S. carpocapsae 'Mexican' (250 IJs/ml) mixed
with Folicote (6% wt/wt) resulted in a 61% reduction in the
persistence of S. littoralis larvae on cotton plants. Damage
to the foliage was reduced by 46% compared with the control.
Substantial reduction (76%) of E. insulana larvae was achieved
by application of 125 IJs/ml mixed with Folicote (6% wt/wt).
44 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The complementary effects of plant resistance and reduced
pesticide dosage in field experiments to control the turnip
root fly, Delia floralis, in swedes. Taksdal, G.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 117-125; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Norway; Brassica napus; Cultivars; Delia
floralis; Delia radicum; Chlorfenvinphos; Dosage; Varietal
resistance; Integrated control; Crop damage; Crop yield
45 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Concepts and achievements of IPM in cotton disease management.
El-Zik, K.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 15-19; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest management;
Biological control; Fungicides; Verticillium; Wilts; Fungal
antagonists
46 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Contact and volatile toxicity of insecticides to black cutworm
larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and carabid beetles
(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in soil. Reed, J.P.; Hall, F.R.;
Krueger, H.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 256-261; 1992
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Crop damage; Agrotis ipsilon;
Chlorpyrifos; Fonofos; Insecticides; Terbufos; Toxicity;
Biological control agents; Carabidae; Pterostichus chalcites;
Predators of insect pests
Abstract: Field plot studies were conducted for 3 yr in
conventional and no-tillage conditions to assess the contact
and volatile toxicity of four granular soil insecticides--
chlorpyrifos, DPX-43898
(O,O-diethyl-O-1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethyl phosphorothiate),
fonofos, and terbufos--against fourth-instar black cutworm,
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and adult carabids. Abnormally,
high precipitation and low soil temperature hindered
acquisition of a lethal dose by A. ipsilon from insecticide
granules. Image analysis indicated that percentage contact
area may contribute to differences in acquisition of soil
insecticides by A. ipsilon larvae and two prevalent, predatory
carabid species, Abascidus permundus L. and Pterostichus
chalcites Say. Organophosphate insecticides active at the
kilogram per hectare level in soil and possessing high vapor
pressures (> 10 mPa) were poor candidates for control of A.
ipsilon and contributed to a reduction in endemic carabid
populations.
47 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Control of cotton insect and mite pests in subtropical Africa:
current status and future needs.
Gahukar, R.T.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Aug.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (4): p. 313-338; 1991
Aug. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Arthropod pests;
Plant pests; Insect control; Mite control; Predatory
arthropods; Predators of insect pests; Natural enemies;
Parasitoids; Pathogens; Pest management; Agricultural
research; Varietal resistance; Biological control; Pesticides;
Insecticide resistance; Environmental impact; Literature
reviews
Abstract: About 70 insects and five mites regularly or
occasionally infest the cotton crop in subtropical Africa. The
economic importance of these pests varies according to the
climate and cropping pattern in the region. Cotton aphid,
Aphis gossypii Glover and yellow tea mite, Polyphagotarsonemus
latus (Banks) as foliage feeders and three bollworms,
Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, Diparopsis watersi Roths.
and Heliothis armigera Hbn., during boll formation and
development, are major pests. Pesticides have been used
extensively to suppress the pest populations and infestation
levels in the crop. Natural enemies of certain pests occur in
the region, nevertheless, their effectiveness in pest control
is not well-known or fully exploited. Research on yield loss
evaluation, pest ecology, varietal resistance and cultural
practices is underway in several countries. Therefore, a
global pest management in cotton is discussed in the context
of local conditions and perspectives are highlighted.
48 NAL Call. No.: S530.J6
Control of the western spotted cucumber beetle using a
predaceous nematode. Warshaw, A.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992.
Journal of natural resources and life sciences education v. 21
(1): p. 101-103; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Steinernema; Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Zea
mays; Biological control agents; Integrated pest management;
Nematoda
49 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Conventional and alternative insecticides, including a
granular formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki,
for the control of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) in Kenya.
Medvecky, B.A.; Zalom, F.G.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (2): p. 186-189; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Crop damage; Busseola
fusca; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki; Chemical control; Insect control; Ash; Diatomite;
Ddt; Endosulfan; Trichlorfon
50 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Cool-season cover crops in the pecan orchard understory:
effects on Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) and pecan aphids
(Homoptera: Aphididae). Bugg, R.L.; Dutcher, J.D.; McNeill,
P.J.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jun.
Biological control v. 1 (1): p. 8-15; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Cover
crops; Vicia villosa; Secale cereale; Population density;
Biological control agents; Natural enemies; Hippodamia
convergens; Coccinellidae; Coccinella septempunctata;
Biological control; Rhopalosiphum padi; Frankliniella;
Acyrthosiphon pisum; Acyrthosiphon kondoi
51 NAL Call. No.: 421 B87
Copidosoma graminis sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a
polyembryonic parasitoid of armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
in Australia. Noyes, J.S.
London : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International; 1989
Sep. Bulletin of entomological research v. 79 (3): p. 367-371;
1989 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Cereals; Gramineae; Pastures; Crop
losses; Mythimna convecta; Noctuidae; Persectania ewingii;
Biological control; Copidosoma; Descriptions; Geographical
distribution; Morphology; New species; Parasites of insect
pests
52 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Corn rootworm feeding on sunflower and other compositae:
influence of floral terpenoid and phenolic factors.
Mullin, C.A.; Alfatafta, A.A.; Harman, J.L.; Serino, A.A.;
Everett, S.L. Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (449): p.
278-292; 1991. In the series analytic: Naturally occurring
pest bioregulators / edited by P. A. Hedin. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Helianthus annuus; Solidago canadensis; Plant
composition; Antifeedants; Diabrotica virgifera; Terpenoids;
Phenolic compounds; Biological control
53 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton aphids: current status and future trends in management.
Hardee, D.D.; O'Brien, P.J.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 169-171; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aphis gossypii; Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests;
Insect control; Chemical control; Insecticides; Integrated
pest management
54 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
Cotton insect pest management.
Baldwin, J.L.; Graves, J.B.
Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1990 Mar.
Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service v.): 6
p.; 1990 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Pest management;
Insects; Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Biological
control; Cultural control
55 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AR4
Cotton pest management.
Johnson, D.R.
Little Rock, Ark. : The Service; 1990 May.
EC - University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension Service
(561): 53 p.; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Pest management; Insect
pests; Insect control; Biological control agents; Field tests
56 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Cultural control of Chilo spp. in graminaceous crops.
Seshu Reddy, K.V.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 703-712;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gramineae; Chilo; Cultural control; Insect
control; Integrated control; Literature reviews
Abstract: Twenty-seven species of Chilo which infest
graminaceous crops are listed. The effects of various cultural
practices such as time of planting, plant density, field
sanitation, tillage, mulching, intercropping, proper
fertilizer and water management on field populations of Chilo
spp. are discussed. These practices have great potential as
components of IPM for resource-limited farmers in the tropics.
57 NAL Call. No.: 420 F662
Deraecoris nebulosus (Heteroptera: Miridae): little known
predator in cotton in the Mississippi Delta.
Snodgrass, G.L.
Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1991 Jun.
Florida entomologist v. 74 (2): p. 340-344; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium; Aphis gossypii; Heliothis
virescens; Spodoptera exigua; Biological control; Deraeocoris;
Predators of insect pests; Population density
58 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Detection of aphid lethal paralysis virus by
immunofluorescence. Laubscher, J.M.; Von Wechmar, M.B.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 58 (1): p. 52-56; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cereals; Aphidoidea; Diuraphis
noxia; Rhopalosiphum padi; Biological control agents; Insect
viruses; Paralysis; Diagnosis; Immunofluorescence
Abstract: Indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to
detect aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV) in carefully
dissected aphids. Aphids used in this study were taken from
known infected Rhopalosiphum padi and Diuraphis noxia colonies
and aphids collected from naturally infested small grains.
ALPV-specific antibody was used to bind to the virus in the
tissues, which in turn was detected with a goat anti-rabbit
fluorescein isothionate labeled antibody. Results obtained
indicate that immunofluorescence is a much more sensitive
method than the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. It is of importance when testing for low
levels of virus in infected aphid body tissues where
inapparent infection can cause detection problems.
Immunofluorescence is also an inexpensive method to do regular
virus analyses.
59 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Development and reproduction of two populations of Eretmocerus
species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci
(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Powell, D.A.; Bellows, T.S. Jr
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 651-658; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Hawaii; Cucumis sativus; Gossypium
hirsutum; Bemisia tabaci; Biological control; Eretmocerus;
Fertility; Longevity; Parasites of insect pests; Reproduction
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine preimaginal
developmental rate, adult survival, and fertility of two
populations of Eretmocerus sp. that parasitize Bemisia tabaci
(Gennadius). An arrhenotokous parasitoid population was
collected in Indio, Calif., and a thelytokous parasitoid
population was collected from Oahu, Hawaii. Experiments were
conducted with parasitoids reared on B. tabaci hosts living on
cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ('Delta Pine 61'), or cucumber,
Cucumis sativus L. ('Poinsett 76'), in temperature controlled
cabinets at 20.0 and 29.0 degrees C. Significant differences
in preimaginal developmental periods were found between
populations, temperatures, and plants. Adult longevity was
greatest at lower temperatures. A limited preoviposition
period existed. Fertilities were higher on cucumber and at
29.0 degrees C. The sex ratio of the arrhenotokous population
favored females. The intrinsic rate of natural increase r(m)
for the arrhenotokous population varied from 0.0610 to 0.1149
on cotton and from 0.0856 to 0.1824 on cucumber, at 20.0 and
29.0 degrees C. Values for rm for the thelytokous population
varied from 0.0858 to 0.1608 on cotton and from 0.0980 to
0.2117 on cucumber, at 20.0 and 29.0 degrees C. The results
indicate that biological control of B. tabaci would probably
be better obtained by Eretmocerus sp. population from Hawaii
at higher temperatures.
60 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Development of a biorational mycoinsecticide: Beauveria
bassiana conidial formulation and its application against boll
weevil populations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1130-1135; 1992
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis;
Biological control; Beauveria bassiana; Field tests;
Formulations; Mortality
61 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Diet and the susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Noctuidae:
Lepidoptera) to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
Forschler, B.T.; Young, S.Y.; Felton, G.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (5): p. 1220-1223; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum;
Lycopersicon esculentum; Helicoverpa zea; Nuclear polyhedrosis
viruses; Susceptibility; Biological control agents
62 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Diets, feeding specialization, and predatory role of two lynx
spiders, Oxyopes salticus and Peucetia viridans (Araneae:
Oxyopidae), in a Texas cotton agroecosystem.
Nyffeler, M.; Dean, D.A.; Sterling, W.L.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1457-1465; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests; Oxyopidae;
Oxyopes salticus; Predators of insect pests; Feeding behavior;
Biological control agents
Abstract: The predation ecology of the striped lynx spider,
Oxyopes salticus Hentz, and green lynx spider, Peucetia
viridans (Hentz), was studied during 108 h of visual
observation in an insecticide-free cotton field in central
Texas. Evidence obtained during this study indicates that lynx
spiders were the dominant arthropod predators (among 134 cases
of arthropod predation observed, 94 were attributable to lynx
spiders). P. viridans is a powerful species (10.08 +/- 0.52 mm
[mean +/- SEM] body length) compared with the significantly
smaller O. salticus (4.24 +/- 0.16 mm). The O. salticus
individuals fed on small-sized prey (2.41 +/- 0.17 mm average
prey length). In contrast, the P. viridans individuals fed
over a broader range of prey size classes and captured a
higher proportion of the larger prey organisms (7.04 +/- 0.73
mm average prey length). However, the smallest P. viridans
(less than or equal to 8 mm spider length) and the largest O.
salticus (greater than or equal to 4.5 mm spider length)
selected prey of similar average length (approximately 3 mm).
The lynx spiders are polyphagous insectivores that feed on a
variety of prey species predominantly in the insect orders
Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. They also frequently
eat other spiders. The most frequently captured prey of O.
salticus were small Heteroptera (predominantly cotton
fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]), whereas P.
viridans most frequently seized large stinging Hymenoptera
(e.g., honey bee, Apis mellifera L.). The degree of the
feeding specialization of the two spider species was
mathematically assessed (niche breadth coefficients) and
statistically compared; computed coefficients indicate that P.
viridans is a significantly more polyphagous predator than the
smaller-sized O. salticus. O. salticus, therefore, shows a
better fit to the "model predator" of classical biological
control because of its relative specialization.
63 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.M3J68
Discrimination between parasitized and healthy hosts by
Microplitis rufiventris Kok.
Hegazi, E.M.; Shaaban, M.A.; El-Singaby, N.R.
Kuala Lumpur : The Malaysian Plant Protection Society; 1990
Dec. Journal of plant protection in the tropics v. 7 (3): p.
v, 183-190; 1990 Dec. Malay summary on page v. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Spodoptera littoralis;
Parasites of insect pests; Braconidae; Parasitism; Host
parasite relationships; Discrimination; Oviposition; Larvae;
Physiological age; Biological control agents
64 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Distribution and seasonal abundance of Hessian fly (Diptera:
Cecidomyiidae) parasitoids in Texas.
Schuster, M.F.; Lidell, M.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2269-2273; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Triticum aestivum; Mayetiola destructor;
Geographical distribution; Incidence; Seasonal abundance;
Biological control; Eupelmus; Hymenoptera; Parasites of insect
pests; Trichomalopsis
Abstract: Parasitism in field populations of the Hessian fly,
Mayetiola destructor (Say), from four different north central
Texas locations was observed during 1986-1988. Three species
of parasitoids attacked the spring generation of the Hessian
fly, whereas the fall generations were rarely parasitized.
Parasitic activity occurred primarily during the month of May.
Parasitism levels ranged from 0 to 87.5% and were affected by
time of year, host density, geographic location, and the
number of years Hessian flies had been present in an area.
Homoporus destructor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was the
most abundant parasitoid in Texas, followed by Eupelmus
allynii (French) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and Trichomalopsis
subapterus (Forbes) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
65 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Distribution of parasitism by Macrocentrus grandii
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in maize infested by Ostrinia
nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Onstad, D.W.; Siegel,
J.P.; Maddox, J.V.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 156-159; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Macrocentrus grandii; Parasites of insect pests; Dispersal;
Biological control agents
Abstract: Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich is a braconid
parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hubner). Over a 3-yr period, we collected corn borer larvae
from maize fields in Illinois to determine how host density
and other factors influence the distribution of parasitism.
The proportion of parasitized larvae was not density dependent
at the single-stalk and field scales. Parasitism was always
higher in the first generation of the bivoltine population.
Proportion of parasitized larvae was correlated with the
proportion of stalks that had at least one parasitized larva
and with the frequency of infested stalks. These correlations
indicated that searching and oviposition by the female
parasitoid may be random among maize stalks. The apparent
inefficiency of this parasitoid is discussed.
66 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Economic benefits of spider (Araneae) and insect (Hemiptera:
Miridae) predators of cotton fleahoppers.
Sterling, W.L.; Dean, A.; Abd El-Salam, N.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 52-57; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Cost benefit analysis; Crop
losses; Psallus seriatus; Biological control; Araneae;
Hemiptera; Miridae; Predators of insect pests; Simulation
models
Abstract: Spiders constitute some of the most important
predators of the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus
(Reuter), in cotton fields in East Texas. Simulation studies
showed that spiders were worth three times the value of
insects as predators of the cotton fleahopper. To assess the
economic value of spiders, the TEXCIM40 model was used to
forecast the benefits of spiders and predaceous insects in the
management of cotton fleahoppers. Forecasts of crop losses
attributable to cotton fleahoppers cannot be accurate if the
effects of spiders and other predators are not assessed.
Benefits of generalist predators ranged from $0.86 to
$15.50/0.4047 ha (1 acre) during the 5 yr of data used in
simulations. However, potential benefits of > $60.00/0.4047 ha
may be possible in certain cotton fields.
67 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Economic implication of IPM for cotton diseases.
Lacewell, R.D.; Robinson, J.R.C.; Masud, S.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 23-26; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest management;
Fungal diseases; Plant pathogenic fungi; Economic analysis
68 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
Economic risk efficiency of boll weevil eradication.
Szmedra, P.I.; McClendon, R.W.; Wetzstein, M.E.
Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1991 Jul.
Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern
Agricultural Economics Association v. 23 (1): p. 237-245; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Growth
models; Simulation models; Integrated pest management; Risk;
Federal programs; Program participants; Profitability;
Agricultural regions; Deltas; Costs
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the
economic risk efficiency of implementing a boll weevil
(Anthonomus grandis [Boheman]) eradication (BWE) program in
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing regions of the
Mississippi Delta. Alternative producer pest management
practices and program cost sharing were incorporated into a
biophysical cotton simulation model. Participation in aBWE
program along with strict adherence to Cooperative Extension
Service pest management guidelines proved to be the risk
efficient practice.
69 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.M3J68
Economic thresholds for insecticide application to rice:
profitability and risk analysis to Filipino farmers.
Smith, J.; Litsinger, J.A.; Bandong, J.P.; Lumaban, M.D.; Dela
Cruz, C.G. Kuala Lumpur : The Malaysian Plant Protection
Society; 1989 Apr. Journal of plant protection in the tropics
v. 6 (1): p. 67-87; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Hydrellia philippina;
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis; Insect control; Chemical control;
Loss prevention; Economic thresholds; Insecticides; Gross
margins; Cost benefit analysis; Variable costs; Farm inputs;
Crop yield; Grain; Yield losses; Crop damage; Decision making;
Risk; Labor costs; Integrated pest management; Econometric
models
70 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A2B74
Ecosystem diversification to encourage natural enemies of
cereal aphids. Thomas, M.B.; Wratten, S.D.
Surrey : British Crop Protection Council; 1990.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases v. 2:
p. 691-696; 1990. Meeting held November 19-22, 1990,
Brighton, England. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cereals; Aphididae; Biological control; Natural
enemies; Predators of insect pests; Habitats
71 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effect of cotton defoliants on leaf abscission, immature
bolls, and lint yields in a short-season production system.
Chu, C.C.; Henneberry, T.J.; Reynoso, T.Y.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 268-272; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Gossypium hirsutum; Defoliants;
Defoliation; Crop yield; Bolls; Lint; Irrigation scheduling;
Application date; Pectinophora gossypiella; Integrated pest
management
72 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Effect of host insect-host plant associations on selected
fitness components of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae).
Bethke, J.A.; Nuessly, G.S.; Paine, T.D.; Redak, R.A.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Aug.
Biological control v. 1 (2): p. 164-169; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia pulcherrima; Nicotiana tabacum; Bemisia
tabaci; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Biological control agents;
Encarsia formosa; Host parasite relationships; Parasites of
insect pests; Host specificity
73 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
The effect of host size on quality attributes of the egg
parasitoid, Trichogramma pretisoum.
Bai, B.; Luck, R.F.; Forster, L.; Stephens, B.; Janssne,
J.A.M. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jul.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 64 (1): p. 37-48;
1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ephestia kuehniella; Helicoverpa zea; Manduca
sexta; Plodia interpunctella; Sitotroga cerealella;
Trichoplusia ni; Biological control; Insect control; Ova;
Trichogramma pretiosum; Size
74 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The effect of introducing the aphid-pathogenic fungus Erynia
neoaphidis into populations of cereal aphids.
Wilding, N.; Mardell, S.K.; Brobyn, P.J.; Wratten, S.D.;
Lomas, J. Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1990
Dec.
Annals of applied biology v. 117 (3): p. 683-691; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Sitobion
avenae; Metopolophium dirhodum; Erynia neoaphidis;
Entomophthora planchoniana; Biological control; Application
date; Infection; Conidia
75 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Effect of oviposition deterrents from elderberry on behavioral
responses by Heliothis virescens to host-plant volatiles in
flight tunnel. Tingle, F.C.; Mitchell, E.R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1621-1631; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Oviposition deterrents;
Plant composition; Extracts; Sambucus; Volatile compounds;
Bioassays; Wind tunnels; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: In flight-tunnel assays, mated female Heliothis
virescens (F.) moths responded by positive anemotaxis to
volatiles from extracts of two host plants (cotton and
tobacco), but they did not fly to an extract from elderberry
(Sambucus simpsonii Rehd.), a nonhost that contains an
oviposition deterrent for H. virescens. When the elderberry
extract was mixed with extract from either cotton or tobacco,
the flight response by moths to volatiles emanating from the
extract blends was reduced significantly at most doses when
compared to the positive response to extracts from either host
alone. The number of landings (including brief contacts) and
landings that resulted in oviposition on the substrates
treated with extract blends also were reduced significantly in
most tests.
76 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effect of Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes
(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Herterorhabditidae) on
nontarget arthropods. Georgis, R.; Kaya, H.K.; Gaugler, R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (3): p. 815-822; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Insect pests; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora; Entomophilic nematodes; Biological control
agents; Nontarget effects; Nontarget organisms
Abstract: The effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on
nontarget arthropods in the laboratory, field soils, and a
stream were assessed. In the laboratory, adult predators were
less susceptible to the nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae
(Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steiner-nematidae) and Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) than the
immature stages. In field tests, entomopathogenic nematodes
that had significantly suppressed pest populations (Popillia
japonica Newman, japanese beetle, Scapteriscus vicinus
Scudder, tawny mole cricket, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), black
vine weevil, Delia radicum (L.), cabbage maggot, and
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, western corn rootworm)
did not adversely affect the numbers of nontarget soil
arthropods in comparison with the untreated control. In
contrast, broad-spectrum chemical insecticides (isofenphos,
ethoprop, or chlorpyrifos used as chemical checks)
significantly reduced or showed a tendency to reduce nontarget
arthropod populations. In a stream trial, S. carpocapsae
significantly reduced black fly larval populations, but the
nontarget insects often increased in the treatment sites.
Decreases in nontarget populations were matched by
approximately equal or greater reductions in the upstream
controls. We conclude that entomopathogenic nematodes do not
adversely affect nontarget arthropods when used for short-term
control of insect pests.
77 NAL Call. No.: 421 J829
The effect of Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera:
Histeridae) on three species of storage Bostrichidae infesting
shelled maize.
Rees, D.P.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of stored products research v. 27 (1): p. 83-86; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maize; Grain stores; Dinoderus minutus;
Prostephanus truncatus; Rhyzopertha dominica; Population
decrease; Biological control; Teretriosoma nigrescens;
Predators of insect pests
Abstract: Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera:
Histeridae) is known as a predator of Prostephanus truncatus
(Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Mexico and Central
America, but not Africa. Over 8 weeks at 27 degrees C, 70%
r.h., the yield of adults from cultures on maize initiated
with 40 mixed-aged adult P. truncatus, Dinoderus minutus
(Fab.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) (Coleoptera:
Bostrichidae) was reduced by 83, 91 and 36% respectively when
cultures were started with an additional five adult T.
nigrescens. Weight loss to maize caused by the bostrichids was
also reduced by 59, 65 and 28% respectively. The potential of
the use of alternative prey species for the production of T.
nigrescens prior to its possible use as a bio-control agent
for control of P. truncatus in Africa is discussed.
78 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effect on Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
when rearing host fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on
meridic diet containing foliage from resistant or susceptible
corn genotypes.
Riggin, T.M.; Isenhour, D.J.; Espelie, K.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 214-219; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Genotypes; Pest resistance;
Susceptibility; Spodoptera frugiperda; Biological control;
Cotesia marginiventris; Diet; Larvae; Longevity; Parasites of
insect pests; Rearing techniques; Sex ratio
Abstract: Larval weights for fall armyworm, Spodoptera
frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were not significantly affected at
two constant temperature regimes (24 and 27 degrees C) when
larvae parasitized by Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) were
reared on resistant versus susceptible corn genotypes. Results
indicated that the third trophic level was not adversely
affected by fall armyworm feeding on pinto bean diet
containing resistant versus susceptible corn genotypes.
Developmental times for C. marginiventris were shorter when
the parasitoids were maintained at the higher temperature.
Time from egg to cocoon formation at 24 degrees C was
significantly less when hosts were fed diet containing foliage
from the susceptible genotype 'Cacahuacintle X'. Parasitoid
longevity was increased at the higher temperature regime and
was not affected by the corn genotype.
79 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of below-ground predator-weed interactions on damage
to peanut by southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae).
Brust, G.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1837-1844; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi; Weeds; Tyrophagus putrescentiae;
Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents
Abstract: The below-ground effects of weeds (Amaranthus
retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia
L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Setaria viridis L., Panicum
dichotomiflorum Michx.) and increased soil moisture on damage
to peanut pods by southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi Barber, was investigated in a 2-yr
field and greenhouse study. Field experiments demonstrated
that weedy areas had less pod damage overall and higher
predator numbers than nonweedy areas. However, increased soil
moisture, which increased southern corn rootworm oviposition
and egg and larval survival, confounded the results.
Greenhouse studies showed that three broadleaf species and
three grass species were not as good food sources as peanuts
for southern corn rootworm larvae. Although the presence of
weeds growing with peanuts did not lower larval survival,
weeds did significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) slow
larval developmental rate. In greenhouse studies, damage to
peanut pods was approximately 66% in peanut-only (control)
treatments, 55% in peanut + weed treatments, 32% in peanut
predator treatments, and 9% in peanut + weed + predator
treatments. The interaction of predators and weeds in lowering
the amount of damage caused by southern corn rootworm was
significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). Field and
greenhouse experiments demonstrated that at least two factors
were operating to reduce pest damage in this below-ground,
multispecies plant association. Predators and the structural
complexity of the weed-crop root association may be working
synergistically to reduce southern corn rootworm damage to
peanuts.
80 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Effects of cotton plant allelochemicals and nutrients on
behavior and development of tobacco budworm.
Hedin, P.A.; Parrott, W.L.; Jenkins, J.N.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1107-1121; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Pest resistance; Heliothis
virescens; Allelochemicals; Terpenoids; Gossypol;
Interactions; Amino acids; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Female moths of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis
virescens (F.), oviposit in the terminals of the cotton plant,
Gossypium hirsutum (L.). The hatched larvae migrate to the
terminal area and then to small squares (buds), on which they
feed, finally burrowing into the anthers where they grow and
develop. They attempt to avoid gossypol glands as they feed.
Chemically related evidence explains, in part, these
observations. The calyx crown of resistant lines (which is
avoided) is high in the terpenoid aldehydes (TAs) including
gossypol. HPLC data showed that the gossypol content of both
susceptible and resistant glanded lines is equal, while the
hemigossypolone and heliocides H1 and H2 are greatly increased
in resistant lines and presumably are more closely associated
with resistance. Analysis for total amino acids in cotton
square tissues showed that there was a gradation from the
calyx and calyx crown, which were lowest, to the anthers, the
site of final insect development, which were highest.
Synthetic diets mimicking amino acid distribution in anthers
were found to be successful for larval growth and development.
81 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Effects of inherited sterility and insect resistant dentcorn
silks on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development.
Carpenter, J.E.; Wiseman, B.R.
Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 27 (4): p. 413-420; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Sterile insect
release; Gamma radiation; Pest resistance; Integrated pest
management
82 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause of two
Aphelinus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing the
Russian wheat aphid. Yu, D.S.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1992 Sep.
The Canadian entomologist v. 124 (5): p. 853-860; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Kazakh ssr; Diuraphis noxia; Aphelinus;
Biological control agents; Diapause; Parasites of insect
pests; Survival; Temperature
83 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of strip intercropping and no-tillage on some pest and
beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio.
Tonhasca, A. Jr; Stinner, B.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1251-1258; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Mythimna
unipuncta; Slugs; Diabrotica virgifera; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Intercropping; No-tillage; Predators of insect pests;
Biological control agents
Abstract: We tested two agronomic practices that are likely
to increase plant and structural diversity, no-tillage and
strip intercropping, for effects on corn invertebrate fauna.
Some of the most common herbivores and natural enemies were
sampled by direct counts and damage estimation from 1988
through 1990 on monoculture corn and strips of corn alternated
with soybean, under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Among
soil pests, cut-worms (mostly the black cutworm, Agrotis
ipsilon (Hufnagel)); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
(Haworth); and slugs (Gastropoda) were more abundant in no-
tillage plots, although only slugs caused severe damage. The
western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte,
and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubitalis (Hubner), were
generally more abundant in conventional tillage plots. Despite
crop rotation, the strip-intercropping system (four rows of
each crop) was less effective in reducing western corn
rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage
plots. In 1990 only, ladybugs (mostly Coleomegilla maculata
(DeGeer)) were more abundant in conventional tillage plots,
whereas tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de
Beauvois), were more abundant in no-tillage plots. Japanese
beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; stink bugs, Acrosternum
hilare (Say) and Euschistus serous (Say); and spiders (Aranea)
were not significantly affected by treatments.
84 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Effects of two prey species on the development of Hippodamia
sinuata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae at constant
temperatures. Michels, G.J. Jr; Behle, R.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (5): p. 1480-1484; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Hippodamia; Larvae; Biological control
agents; Laboratory rearing; Predators of insect pests;
Rhopalosiphum maidis; Schizaphis graminum; Temperature
Abstract: The effects of prey species and constant
temperature regimes on the development of Hippodamia sinuata
Mulsant were studied. H. sinuata completed larval development
faster on corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), than
on greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), at low
temperatures, but no significant differences were evident at
temperatures > 20 degrees C. H. sinuata began development at a
lower threshold temperature (7.05 degrees C), and required
more degree-days (338.63) for development when corn leaf
aphids were the prey rather than greenbugs (12.90 degrees C,
259.54). At 25 and 30 degrees C, H. sinuata larvae consumed
significantly more corn leaf aphids than greenbugs (both per
day and total consumption), whereas significantly more
greenbugs were consumed at 20 and 35 degrees C. The results of
the studies confirm the importance of corn leaf aphids as an
early-season, cool-temperature prey for H. sinuata.
85 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Effects of uncultivated corridors on arthropod abundances and
crop yields in soybean agroecosystems.
Rodenhouse, N.L.; Barrett, G.W.; Zimmerman, D.M.; Kemp, J.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Feb.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 38 (3): p. 179-191;
1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Glycine max; Corridor systems; Monoculture;
Crop yield; Arthropod pests; Predatory arthropods; Population
density; Uncultivated ground; Integrated pest management;
Alternative farming
86 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to control
overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman.
Frank, W.A.; Slosser, J.E.
College Station, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society;
1990 Mar. The Southwestern entomologist v. 15 (1): p. 77-78;
1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Beauveria
bassiana; Biological control agents
87 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Enantiomeric synthesis of dominicalure, aggregation pheromone
of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.).
Liu, L.Y.; Lin, G.Q.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 1921-1925; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rhyzopertha dominica; Aggregation pheromones;
Enantiomers; Synthesis; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: (S)-(+)-1-Methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate, 1,
and (S)-(+)-I-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate, 2,
the aggregation pheromone for lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha
dominica (F), were synthesized from crotylaldehyde in an
overall yield of 30%. The chiral intermediate was prepared in
90% enantiomer excess, employing the Sharpless asymmetric
epoxidation.
88 NAL Call. No.: 421 P193
Entomopathogenic fungi (Zygomycotina: Entomophthorales)
infecting cereals aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Montana.
Feng, M.G.; Nowierski, R.M.; Scharen, A.L.; Sands, D.C.
San Francisco, Calif. : Pacific Coast Entomological Society;
1991 Jan. The Pan-Pacific entomologist v. 67 (1): p. 55-64;
1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Cereals; Aphididae; Biological control;
Entomogenous fungi; Entomophthorales; Irrigated conditions;
Dry conditions
89 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Entomopathogenicity of several fungi toward the English grain
Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and enhancement of virulence with
host passage of Paecilomyces farinosus.
Hayden, T.P.; Bidochka, M.J.; Khachatourians, G.G.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 58-64; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Grain crops; Sitobion avenae;
Biological control; Entomogenous fungi; Beauveria bassiana;
Beauveria brongniartii; Conidiobolus obscurus; Erynia
neoaphidis; Paecilomyces farinosus; Verticillium lecanii;
Virulence
Abstract: Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus
Paecilomyces farinosus was tested against the English grain
aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), before and after selective
subculturing of the fungus. When the stock culture of P.
farinosus was tested against S. avenae, an LT50 of 11.1 d was
observed. P. farinosus was subcultured by two methods. In the
first method, P. farinosus was subjected to repeated passages
through the host. In the second method, the fungus was
repeatedly subcultured on an agar medium that contained
sterilized S. avenae cuticle as the only nutrient source. In
both cases, after three selective subcultures of P. farinosus,
a decrease in the LT50 to approximately 5.0 d was observed. To
our knowledge, the effect of serial in-vitro passage of an
entomopathogenic fungus on cuticle of the host insect and the
associated LT50 has not been previously studied. Repeated
subculturing of the more virulent strain of P. farinosus on
nonselective media did not result in an increase in LT50. Five
other entomopathogenic fungi were assayed for their virulence
towards S. avenae. These fungi were Verticillium lecanii
(Zimmerman) Viegas, Erynia heoaphidis Remaudiere & Keller,
Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Beauveria brongniartii
(Saccardo) Petch, and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn)
Remaudiere & Keller. V. lecanii showed the greatest virulence,
with an LT50 of 2.4 d. E. neoaphidis had an LT50 of 8.0 d,
whereas treatment with B. bassiana resulted in an LT50 of 9.5
d. B. brongniartii had the lowest virulence of the strains
tested against S. avenae with an LT50 of 11.7 d.
90 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 AN72
Epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf: a study in ecological
complexity. Irwin, M.E.; Thresh, J.M.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1990.
Annual review of phytopathology v. 28: p. 393-424; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus;
Disease transmission; Epidemiology; Disease vectors;
Aphididae; Phenology; Plant ecology; Integrated pest
management
91 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
Eudorylas (Metadorylas) sp. (Diptera: Pipunculidae): a
previously unreported parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis (Delong
and Wolcott) and Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae).
Vega, F.E.; Barbosa, P.; Panduro, A.P.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Jan.
The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (1): p. 241-242. ill; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Zea mays; Dalbulus elimatus; Dalbulus
maidis; Disease vectors; Maize rayado fino marafivirus;
Mycoplasma-like organisms; Spiroplasma kunkelii; Biological
control; Diptera; Parasites of insect pests
92 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
European corn borer sex pheromone: inhibition and elicitation
of behavioral response by analogs.
Schwarz, M.; Klun, J.A.; Uebel, E.C.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1591-1604; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Sex pheromones; Analogs;
Animal behavior; Inhibition; Structure activity relationships;
Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: The male sexual behavior-stimulating and inhibiting
properties of a series of analogs of the European corn borer
sex pheromone were determined in a flight tunnel. The
structural requirements for inhibition of pheromonal response
were far less restrictive than those for elicitation of that
response. Analogs that by themselves elicited upwind flight
response from males at a low dose were generally less
inhibitory to male response than many of the analogs that had
no pheromonal activity. These findings suggest that many
pheromone analogs bind to pheromone receptors without
provoking behavioral response and possibly undergo slower
degradation on the antenna than pheromonally active compounds.
The disparity of response to analogs by two pheromonal types
of the European corn borer indicates that the pheromone
receptor and pheromone catabolic systems are biochemically
very different in the two types.
93 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Evaluating Russian wheat aphid parasitoids for establishment
potential in the Great Plains.
Elliott, N.C.; Reed, D.K.; Nechols, J.R.; Kieckhefer, R.W.;
Kindler, S.D.; Flanders, R.V.; French, B.W.; Arnold, D.C.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
160-163; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Kansas; Oklahoma; Diuraphis noxia;
Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius matricariae; Parasitoids;
Biological control agents
94 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Evaluation of a pest advisory for corn earworm (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) infestations in soybean.
Herbert, D.A.; Zehnder, G.W.; Day, E.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 515-519; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Infestation; Helicoverpa
zea; Integrated pest management; Light traps; Pheromone traps;
Advisory centers
Abstract: Larval surveys of second-generation corn earworm,
Heliothis zea (Boddie), taken in field corn in mid-July from
1976 to 1989 were used in a pest advisory program to predict
potential for later infestations in Virginia soybeans.
Estimates of statewide soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill,
acreage treated for corn earworm were used to evaluate survey
predictions. Blacklight-trap and pheromone-trap moth catches
from 1983 to 1989 were plotted to study trends in moth
activity around soybean fields and to evaluate their use in
the pest advisory. Total soybean acreage treated for corn
earworm increased linearly with an increase in percent corn
ears infested with corn earworm. Generally, <20% corn
infestation resulted in <10% soybean acreage tested; a 20-35%
infestation resulted in 28-35% acreage treated; and >35%
infestation resulted in approximately 50% or more acreage
treated. Corn earworm moth activity around soybean fields
increased in late July to early August, peaked one time each
season from 15 to 24 August, and ceased by mid-to late
September. Pheromone traps provided timely detection of moths
in individual fields; however, blacklight-trap catch was a
better area-wide indicator of corn earworm infestation
severity in soybeans.
95 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Evaluation of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) as a biological
control agent against the cotton boll weevil.
Morales-Ramos, J.A.; King, E.G.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 724; 1991.
Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and Control
Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
control; Biological control; Catolaccus; Entomogenous fungi
96 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Evaluation of starch encapsulation for formulation of
grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) entomopoxviruses.
McGuire, M.R.; Streett, D.A.; Shasha, B.S.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1652-1656; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera; Mortality;
Biological control; Entomopoxvirus; Encapsulation;
Formulations; Starch; Storage; Viability; Adjuvants; Carbaryl;
Insect control
Abstract: An entomopoxvirus isolated from Melanoplus
sanguinipes (F.) and currently under consideration as a
microbial control agent for rangeland grasshoppers was
formulated in starch matrices containing various adjuvants and
fed to M. sanguinipes nymphs. Percent mortality 21 d after
exposure to granules containing molasses (a feeding stimulant)
and carbon (an ultraviolet [UV] light screen) was 80%, whereas
a formulation containing Congo red produced only 35%
mortality. Although control mortality averaged 31%, percent
infection of surviving control grasshoppers was only 1.5%.
Percent infection of surviving grasshoppers fed starch-
encapsulated virus containing molasses and carbon was 89.7%,
whereas only 30% of the survivors were infected following
exposure to granules with Congo red. A field test in which
starch granules laced with carbaryl were applied to small
rangeland plots demonstrated that grasshoppers located and fed
upon the granules as readily as the commercial standard wheat
bran bait. Survival of virus and acceptance of the starch bait
by grasshoppers suggest that this versatile formulation
technique should play a major part in the development of
grasshopper microbial control products.
97 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Evaluation of two management strategies for stalk borer,
Papaipema nebris, in corn.
Davis, P.M.; Pedigo, L.P.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1990 Oct.
Crop protection v. 9 (5): p. 387-391; 1990 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Papaipema nebris; Stem borers; Larvae;
Growth models; Heat sums; Emergence; Prediction; Timing;
Permethrin; Insect control; Chemical control; Integrated pest
management; Decision making
98 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Experiments using a simulation model of the Banks grass mite
(Acari: Tetranychidae) and the predatory mite Neoseiulus
fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a corn microenvironment.
Berry, J.S.; Holtzer, T.O.; Norman, J.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (4): p. 1074-1078; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Oligonychus pratensis; Neoseiulus
fallacis; Predatory mites; Simulation models; Biological
control agents
Abstract: The simulation model (MiteSim) of the mite
predator-prey system consisting of Banks grass mite,
Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), and the predatory mite
Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) was used to evaluate mite
population dynamics in Nebraska corn fields in relation to
microenvironmental variables. Simulation results demonstrated
the importance of using humidity and temperature conditions at
the leaf surface instead of weather station conditions to
simulate the mite system on corn in Nebraska. Also, humidity
(in addition to temperature) was determined to be critically
important in the population dynamics of the two mites. The
temperature and humidity at the leaf surface of moderately
drought-stressed corn (compared with well-watered corn)
resulted in higher simulated populations of Banks grass mite.
Simulation studies also showed that colonization of a corn
field by less than one adult female Banks grass mite per plant
in june can result in mite densities sufficient to cause crop
loss by August (Banks grass mite biotic potential without
extrinsic mortality).
99 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
An expert system for management of Delia coarctata (Diptera:
Anthomyiidae) in the United Kingdom.
Jones, T.H.; Young, J.E.B.; Norton, G.A.; Mumford, J.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (5): p. 2065-2072; 1990
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum; Winter wheat; Delia coarctata;
Chemical control; Cultural control; Expert systems;
Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Oviposition; Safety
at work
Abstract: A computer-based expert system (BULBFLY) has
beendeveloped for the management of wheat bulb fly, Delia
coarctata (Fallen), in theUnited Kingdom. The logical
structure of the decision problem is described, together with
factsand rules necessary for the estimation of egg numbers,
crop susceptibility, and control effectiveness. With this
knowledge and with various levels of information supplied by
theuser of BULBFLY, the expert system provides recommendations
on strategic and tacticaloptions for management of wheat bulb
fly. BULBFLY gives comparative costs of the various treatments
recommended, ecological and biological information on the
pest, details ofcultural control practices, and general advice
on the safe use of insecticides. Like otherknowledge-based
systems in pest management, BULBFLY offers support for
practical problem solving, identification of research needs,
information provision and processing, and training.
100 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8223
Feeding and toxic effects of floral sesquiterpene lactones,
diterpenes, and phenolics from sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.) on western corn rootworm. Mullin, C.A.; Alfatafa, A.A.;
Harman, J.L.; Everett, S.L.; Serino, A.A. Washington, D.C. :
American Chemical Society; 1991 Dec.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry v. 39 (12): p.
2293-2299; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Antifeedants; Helianthus
annuus; Plant composition; Phenolic compounds; Sesquiterpenoid
lactones; Toxicity; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Feeding deterrents for adult western corn rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae), some of which were neurotoxic, were isolated
from inflorescences of cultivated sunflower by chromatography
of ethyl acetate solubles on Toyopearl TSK HW-40F and silica
gel. Antifeedants, as measured through a consumption bioassay
with treated squash flower disks containing cucurbitacin
feeding stimulants for rootworm, were characterized by UV,1H
and 13C NMR, and EIMS. Fractionation by these methods gave 15
active principles of which argophyllin A and 3-O-
methylniveusin A, both sesquiterpene lactone angelates, were
the most potent. Feeding deterrency decreased in the order
sesquiterpenes >> diterpenes > flavonoids > dicaffeoylquinic
acids. The diterpenoic acid grandifloric acid and its 15-
angelate and the flavonoids nevadensin and quercetin beta-7-O-
glucoside were much poorer antifeedants, although more
abundant components of sunflower. Synergistic or antagonistic
interactions for combinations of deterrents within or between
the sesquiterpene, diterpene, and flavonoid classes were not
found, indicating sunflower antifeedants act jointly in an
additive fashion. The highly active antifeedant germacranolide
angelates exhibit structural features and injected symptoms in
adult rootworm similar to picrotoxinin, a gamma-aminobutyric
acid gated chloride channel antagonist, suggesting a link
between sesquiterpene neurotoxicity and GABA.
101 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Feeding responses of adult Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) to eggs of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae) and green peach aphids (Homoptra: Aphididae).
Hazzard, R.V.; Ferro, D.N.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 644-651; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata;
Myzus persicae; Coleomegilla maculata; Predators of insect
pests; Ova; Feeding behavior; Biological control agents
Abstract: Feeding responses that influence the effectiveness
of a polyphagous endemic coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata
(DeGeer), for biological control of Colorado potato beetle,
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in potato were examined in
the laboratory. Consumption rate, functional response, prey
preference, and the effect of alternate prey were studied for
C. maculata adult females feeding upon eggs of Colorado potato
beetle; Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and corn pollen were alternate
food sources. C. maculata females continuously supplied with
eggs attacked an average of 20.8 eggs per 48 h, and
introduction of M. persicae significantly reduced but did not
eliminate egg feeding. Females starved for 24 h showed a Type
II functional response to egg density when offered 10-70 eggs
per 24 h in small cages at 26 +/- 2 degrees C. Data fit well
to the Holling disk equation, which predicted maximum egg
consumption of 31.5 eggs per 24 h. The functional response
curve showed suppression of egg feeding at high egg densities
when aphids were present as alternate prey, but no effect was
evident at low egg densities. There was no change in
functional response with corn pollen as the alternate food.
When Colorado potato beetle eggs and aphids were available in
equal numbers, females did not prefer either prey at low prey
densities, but they preferred aphids over eggs at high
densities. Eggs were an adequate (but not optimal) diet for
larval development and adult oviposition relative to M.
persicae or corn pollen. Some implications for ecology and
effectiveness of C. maculata for control of Colorado potato
beetle in potato are discussed.
102 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Field evaluation of granular starch formulations of Bacillus
thuringiensis against Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae).
McGuire, M.R.; Shasha, B.S.; Lewis, L.C.; Bartelt, R.J.;
Kinney, K. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America;
1990 Dec. Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p.
2207-2210; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Larvae;
Tunnels; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control agents;
Encapsulation; Formulations; Phagostimulants; Starch
Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner was
encapsulated within cornstarch granules with the feeding
stimulant Coax or the UV screen Congo red and tested at two
field sites against European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hubner), feeding in whorl-stage corn. These tests were done
to determine the relative effect of these additives on
efficacy of starch-encapsulated B. thuringiensis. At both
sites, all treatments with B. thuringiensis significantly
reduced tunneling by O. nubilalis. At one site, significant
effects of addition of the phagostimulant were observed. When
Coax was added at 1 or 10% of starch dry weight with 400
international units (IU) B. thuringiensis per mg dry granule
weight, response of O. nubilalis was equivalent to that
obtained with granules containing no feeding stimulant and
1,600 IU/mg. Also, granules with Coax and 400 IU/mg gave a
response similar to that obtained from the commercial product
Dipel 10G formulated at 1,600 IU/mg. At the other site, the
effect of phagostimulant was not significant, primarily
because O. nubilalis infestation levels were too low for
precise discrimination among treatments.
103 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Field evaluation of Naturalis against the boll weevil: a
biorational mycoinsecticide.
Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 677-679;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
pests; Beauveria bassiana; Biological control
104 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Field evaluation of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida:
Steinernematidae) against black cutworm (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) larvae in field corn. Levine, E.; Oloumi-Sadeghi,
H.
Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 27 (4): p. 427-435; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Neoaplectana
carpocapsae; Entomophilic nematodes; Biological control agents
105 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Field manipulation of Nomuraea riley (Moniliales:
Moniliaceae): effects on soybean defoliators in coastal
Ecuador.
Stansly, P.A.; Orellana M, G.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2193-2195; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ecuador; Glycine max; Defoliation; Insect pests;
Biological control; Field experimentation; Nomuraea rileyi;
Coastal areas
Abstract: Attempts to influence the prevalence of the
entomophathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson in
populations of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia
gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the soybean
looper, Pseudoplusta includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae), were made in two field experiments with soybean
(Glycine max L.) on Ecuador's humid coastal plain. Larval
numbers and mortality were compared in large replicated plots
sprayed with either conidia or the fungicides benomyl and
chlorothalonil, and in untreated controls. N. rileyi conidia
treatment caused a short-lived increase in larval mortality
and no change in population levels of velvetbean caterpillar
or soybean looper. The fungicide treatment persistently
inhibited N. rileyi, causing significantly higher populations
of the two defoliators.
106 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E4
Field manipulation of populations of individual staphylinid
species in cereals and their impact on aphid populations.
Dennis, P.; Wratten, S.D.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Feb.
Ecological entomology v. 16 (1): p. 17-24; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Triticum aestivum; Sitobion avenae;
Tachyporus; Philonthus; Predators of insect pests; Population
dynamics; Biological control agents
107 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Foreign exploration for natural enemies of Russian wheat aphid
in Iran and in the Kunlun, Tian Shan, and Altai Mountain
Valleys of The People's Republic of China.
Gonzalez, D.; Gilstrap, F.; McKinnon, L.; Zhang, J.; Zareh,
N.; Zhang, G.; Stary, P.; Wolley, J.; Wang, R.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
197-209; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iran; China; Diuraphis noxia; Predators;
Parasitoids; Surveys; Biological control agents
108 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Formulation of socially efficient economic injury levels for
insecticide use in IPM.
Robinson, J.R.C.; Lacewell, R.D.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 405-410; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Insect pests; Gossypium hirsutum; Insecticides;
Integrated pest management; Economic analysis; Production
costs
109 NAL Call. No.: QH506.U34
Functional response of arthropod predators and its role in the
biological control of insect pests in agricultural systems.
O'Neil, R.J.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1990.
UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology v. 112: p.
83-96; 1990. In the series analytic: New directions in
biological control: Alternatives for suppressing agricultural
pests and diseases / edited by R.R. Baker and P.E. Dunn.
Proceedings of a UCLA Colloquium, January 20-27, 1989, Frisco,
Colorado. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Insect pests; Plant pests;
Biological control; Biological control agents; Theory;
Predators of insect pests; Natural enemies; Predatory
arthropods; Predator prey relationships; Podisus
maculiventris; Epilachna varivestis
Abstract: The theory of the functional response of arthropod
predators is reviewed. Predictions from theory are compared to
results of a field study of predation in soybeans.
Incongruities between theoretical predictions and empirical
findings are identified and a hypothesis to explain the field
results is suggested. The importance of the concept of the
functional response to understanding predation in crops is
discussed.
110 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Functional response of Catolaccus grandis (Burks)
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in field cages.
Morales-Ramos, J.A.; Cate, J.R.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Sep.
Biological control v. 2 (3): p. 193-202; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Anthonomus grandis; Catolaccus;
Parasitoids; Functional responses; Host parasite
relationships; Population density; Host-seeking behavior; Age;
Fecundity; Environmental factors; Parasitism; Biological
control; Mathematical models
111 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Habitat use patterns by the seven-spotted lady beetle
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a diverse agricultural
landscape.
Maredia, K.M.; Gage, S.H.; Landis, D.A.; Scriber, J.M.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
Biological control v. 2 (2): p. 159-165; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Coccinella septempunctata; Biological
control agents; Habitats; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum;
Populus; Medicago sativa; Insect control; Tillage; No-tillage;
Habitat selection; Prey; Aphidoidea; Availability; Ecology
112 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Higher profits through better quality sweet corn.
Bouncher, J.
Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
& Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1991 Dec.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 91 (12):
p. 5-6, 8; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Integrated pest management; Profits
113 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16D
Histopathology of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Reoviridae)
infection in corn earworm, Helicaverpa zea (Boddie), larvae
(Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Bong, C.F.J.; Sikorowski, P.P.
Ottawa, Canada : National Research Council of Canada; 1991
Aug. Canadian journal of zoology v. 69 (8): p. 2121-2127; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Cytoplasmic
polyhedrosis viruses; Larvae; Integrated pest management;
Biological control agents; Histopathology
114 NAL Call. No.: SB599.J69
Host locating ability of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley in
inshell peanuts under laboratory conditions.
Brower, J.H.
Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society; 1990
Oct. Journal of agricultural entomology v. 7 (4): p. 265-273;
1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peanuts; Ephestia cautella; Trichogramma
pretiosum; Parasites of insect pests; Stored products pests;
Biological control agents; Laboratory tests
115 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Host preference studies on Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai
Schulten and Feijen (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae) in Kenya.
Guang, L.Q.; Oloo, G.W.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 757-763;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Trichogramma; Biological control agents;
Mass rearing; Parasites of insect pests; Host preferences;
Busseola fusca; Chilo partellus; Eldana saccharina; Bombyx
mori; Plant pests; Sitotroga cerealella
Abstract: Host preference studies were conducted on
Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai at 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 40-60%
r.h. in the laboratory, using eggs of C. partellus, B. fusca,
E. saccharina, S. cerealella and B. mori in choice and no-
choice tests. Adults emerged within 9-10 days; ca. 70%
parasitoids of both sexes emerged and mated between 0800-1000
hr, with a peak at 0800 hr. There was no significant
difference (P < 0.05) between the number of progeny per female
from eggs of C. partellus (33.9 +/- 9.2), B. fusca (30.1 +/-
4.5) and S. cerealella (30.9 +/- 9.9) in no-choice tests, but
progeny production was significantly less from E. saccharina
and no parasitoid emerged from B. mori. In host age selection
tests on C. partellus, there was no significant difference (P
< 0.05) between the number of offspring per female from eggs
of age groups 0-2 days; offspring of day 3 were significantly
less, and no parasitoid emerged from day 4 eggs. Up to 4
(mean, 1.9 +/- 0.6) adults emerged from a single egg of C.
partellus. Since mass rearing technology exists for C.
partellus and is available at ICIPE, it was concluded that day
0-2 eggs of this borer are more suitable for mass production
of T. sp. nr. mwanzai.
116 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Host-plant resistance to insects in sorghum and its role in
integrated pest management.
Sharma, H.C.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1993 Feb.
Crop protection v. 12 (1): p. 11-34; 1993 Feb. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Pest resistance; Cultivars;
Genotypes; Arthropod pests; Integrated pest management;
Literature reviews
117 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
How contact foraging experiences affect preferences for host-
related odors in the larval parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris
(Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
Turlings, T.C.J.; Scheepmaker, J.W.A.; Vet, L.E.M.; Tumlinson,
J.H.; Lewis, W.J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1577-1589; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cotesia marginiventris; Host-seeking behavior;
Odors; Semiochemicals; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Responses of individual females of the parasitoid
Cotesia marginiventris to the odors of four different
complexes of host larvae feeding on leaves were observed in a
four-arm olfactometer. The plant-host complexes were composed
of fall armyworm (FAW) larvae or cabbage looper (CL) larvae
feeding on either corn or cotton seedlings. Prior to testing,
each female was given a brief foraging experience on a plant-
host complex and was then exposed to the odors of the same
complex in the olfactometer. The experienced females responded
to familiar odors in a dose-related manner, and these
responses were virtually identical to all four complexes.
Preferences for the odors of one of two plant-host complexes
were tested in dual choice situations. Generally, FAW odors
were preferred over CL odors and corn odors over cotton odors.
A short foraging experience significantly affected the
females' odor preferences in favor of the odors released by
the experienced complex. Additional experiments revealed that
neither longer bouts of experience nor bouts that included
ovipositions resulted in a stronger change in preference.
Experience affected preference in combinations where only the
host species was varied as well as in combinations where only
the plant species was varied. The results, therefore, strongly
indicate that both the plants and the hosts somehow are
involved in the production and/or release of the
semiochemicals that attract C. marginiventris.
118 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Ice-nucleating active bacteria decrease the cold-hardiness of
stored grain insects.
Lee, R.E. Jr; Strong-Gunderson, J.M.; Lee, M.R.; Davidson,
E.C. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 371-374; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Cryptolestes pusillus;
Gibbium psylloides; Plodia interpunctella; Rhyzopertha
dominica; Sitophilus granarius; Tenebrio molitor; Tribolium
castaneum; Grain stores; Stored products pests; Biological
control; Cold resistance; Ice nucleation; Pseudomonas syringae
Abstract: This report provides further evidence that a
freeze-dried, concentrated form of Pseudomonas syringae, an
ice-nucleating active bacteria, reduces the cold tolerance of
stored grain insect pests. Application of ice-nucleating
bacteria to wheat or corn that contained insect pests
decreased the insects' supercooling capacity: after treatment
with 100 ppm of P. syringae the mean supercooling points of
five insect species increased from 4.7 to 11.9 degrees C above
untreated controls. Treatment with P. syringae also decreased
the capacity of insects to survive a 24-h exposure to subzero
temperatures. Decreases in cold tolerance were observed in
eight species of stored grain pests: Indianmeal moth larvae,
Plodia interpunctella (Hubner); red flour beetle adults,
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); flat grain beetle adults,
Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr); rusty grain beetle adults,
Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); Gibbium psylloides
(Czenpinski); lesser grain borer adults, Rhyzopertha dominica
(F.); yellow mealworm larvae, Tenebrio molitor (L.); and
granary weevil adults, Sitophilus granarius (L.). Results of
this study provide further support for the use of ice-
nucleating active bacteria as biological insecticides to kill
over wintering insects by decreasing their low temperature
tolerance. The approach may be particularly appropriate for
the control of a variety of insect pests in restricted areas
such as grain bins.
119 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Identification of food volatiles attractive to Glischrochilus
quadrisignatus and Glischrochilus fasciatus (Coleoptera:
Nitidulidae).
Lin, H.; Phelan, P.L.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (12): p. 2469-2480; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glischrochilus; Glischrochilus quadrisignatus;
Food composition; Wheat flour; Doughs; Volatile compounds;
Insect attractants; Insect traps; Insect control; Biological
control
Abstract: Seven volatile compounds identified from the
headspace of whole wheat bread dough were investigated for
their role in attracting Glischrochilus quadrisignatus and G.
fasciatus in the field. Traps baited with either whole wheat
bread dough or a synthetic seven-component bread dough odor
caught similar numbers of these beetles, suggesting that the
seven-compound combination could simulate the behavioral
effect of bread dough. A series of trials using traps baited
with various combinations of these chemicals showed that five
compounds were significantly active in attracting G.
quadrisignatus and G. fasciatus, but not all were essential
for maximum response. The simplest blend eliciting a level of
response comparable to the seven-component combination
included ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and racemic 2-
methylbutanol, of which ethyl acetate, ethanol, and
acetaldehyde were essential and 2-methylbutanol was
replaceable with 2-methylpropanol for G. quadrisignatus
attraction. Ethyl acetate and ethanol were essential for
comparable attraction of G. fasciatus. The chemical mediation
of food finding in G. quadrisignatus and G. fasciatus is
discussed in the context of volatile blends characterized for
other nitidulid species.
120 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Impact of fungal epizootics on the biology and management of
the twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in soybean.
Klubertanz, T.H.; Pedigo, L.P.; Carlson, R.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 731-735; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Glycine max; Tetranychus; Neozygites;
Biological control agents
Abstract: A pathogenic fungus (Neozygites sp.) caused
dramatic reductions in spider mite populations in artificially
infested soybean plots in both 1987 and 1988. Buildup of the
pathogen occurred for approximately two weeks, with the most
devastating epizootic infecting 100% of living mites sampled
and reducing mite intensity up to 95% over a six-day period.
Fungal activity was very dependent upon environmental
conditions, with spread of the disease occurring only during
sustained cool and humid weather. Thick-walled resting
(overwintering) spores were found in 7.8% of all mites sampled
late in 1988. This is the first study in the Midwest to show
that Neozygites sp. can overwinter away from its host. The
impact of fungal epizootics on spider mite management is also
discussed.
121 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
The impact of RWA biological control: some ideas on evaluating
natural enemies in annual crop ecosystems.
Gilstrap, F.; Bayon, I.; Michels, G.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
146-151; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Predators; Parasitoids;
Biological control agents
122 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Impact of volunteer wheat on wheat insects in a wheat-soybean
double-crop system.
Buntin, G.D.; Cunfer, B.M.; Bridges, D.C.
Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1991 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 26 (4): p. 401-407; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max;
Mayetiola destructor; Double cropping; Tillage; Volunteer
plants; Integrated pest management; Planting date
123 NAL Call. No.: 65.8 T133
Importation of natural enemies for the control of sugarcane
insect pests in Taiwan in 1955 to 1989.
Cheng, W.Y.
Taipei : Taiwan Sugar Corporation; 1991 May.
Taiwan sugar v. 38 (3): p. 11-17; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Taiwan; Saccharum officinarum; Insect pests; Pest
control; Lixophaga diatraeae; Biological control agents;
Metagonistylum minense; Paratheresia claripalpis; Bassus;
Beauveria; Goniozus; Bracon hebetor; Trichospilus diatraeae
124 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Importations of natural enemies for biological control of
Russian wheat aphid, 1988-1991.
McKinnon, L.K.; Gilstrap, F.E.; Gonzalez, D.; Woolley, J.B.;
Stary, P.; Wharton, R.A.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
136-145; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Diuraphis noxia; Predators; Parasitoids;
Biological control agents
125 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
In vitro of Bracon mellitor and Catolaccus grandis with
different insect hemolymph-based diets.
Guerra, A.A.
Dallas, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society; 1992 Jun.
The Southwestern entomologist v. 17 (12): p. 123-126; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Bracon mellitor; Catolaccus; In vitro;
Mass rearing; Parasites of insect pests; Synthetic diets;
Anthonomus grandis; Biological control; Gossypium
126 NAL Call. No.: 410 EC7
Indirect and direct effects in a tropical agroecosystem: the
maize-pest-ant system in Nicaragua.
Perfecto, I.
Tempe, Ariz. : The Society; 1990 Dec.
Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
v. 71 (6): p. 2125-2134; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicaragua; Zea mays; Spodoptera frugiperda;
Dalbulus maidis; Biological control; Carbofuran; Chlorpyrifos;
Ecosystems; Formicidae; Insecticidal action; Interactions;
Pesticide mixtures; Yield components
127 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Influence of a genetically modified endophytic bacterium on
composition and decomposition of corn residue.
Tester, C.F.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Nov.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (11): p. 1107-1112; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Clavibacter xyli; Strains; Genetic
transformation; Recombination; Endotoxins; Genes; Genetic
variation; Biological control agents; Physicochemical
properties; Leaves; Stems; Crop residues; Decomposition
Abstract: I have determined whether the presence of an
endophytic bacterium alters the chemical properties of
inoculated plants and compared decomposition of colonized
residues with control residues in soil. Greenhouse-grown corn
(Zea mays L.) plants (18 days old) were inoculated with either
the endophytic bacteria Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis
(MDE1) or a genetically engineered construction of C. xyli
subsp. cynodontis which was transformed by inserting a gene
encoding for production of a delta-endotoxin from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (MDR1.3). Leaves and stalks were
harvested at maturity and various chemical and physical
properties analyzed. In addition, leaf and stalk residues were
incorporated into soil to determine the extent of their
decomposition in a 63 day laboratory incubation study. Led
residues from plants inoculated with MDR1.3 retained
significantly more water than did those inoculated with buffer
or MDE1. Leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly
more C than did stalks of inoculated plants. Soluble proteins
were the major contributors to the C content of leaves,
whereas, soluble carbohydrates were predominant in the stalks.
Inoculation with either MDR1.3 or MDE1 appeared to increase
the quantity of N present in all plant parts. During early
stages, leaf residues contained more readily decomposable
substrates than did stalk residues. Leaves from plants
inoculated with buffer decomposed significantly more after 63
days than those from plants inoculated with MDE1 or MDR1.3. In
contrast, corn stalks inoculated with MDR1.3 decomposed
significantly more than those inoculated with buffer or MDE1.
Over the 63 day incubation ca 33% of the corn residues were
decomposed. Although the presence of the endophytes, MDE1 and
MDR1.3, during plant growth had some influence on chemical and
physical properties of the residues, the extent of residue
decomposition in soil (CO2 evolved in 63 days) was not
substantially different.
128 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Influence of an Erynia neoaphidis infection on the relative
rate of increase of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae.
Schmitz, V.; Dedryver, C.A.; Pierre, J.S.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Jan.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 61 (1): p. 62-68; 1993
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sitobion avenae; Biological control; Fecundity;
Infection; Erynia neoaphidis; Population growth
Abstract: Experiments were conducted in an attempt to model
the action of Erynia neoaphidis on populations of the cereal
aphid Sitobion avenae. The rates of increase of healthy and
infected S. avenae inoculated as adults on the day of the
final molt were compared at four temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25
degrees C). The same parameters were measured for those
inoculated at each nymphal instar and at intervals in adult
life at 20 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, the duration of the
first three nymphal instars was the same for healthy aphids
and those infected during the corresponding instar. For nymphs
inoculated during each of the four instars, the incubation
period of the mycosis was longer than the duration of that
instar and no infected nymph which matured to adult produced
progeny. Depending on the incubation and infection
temperature, the reproductive rate of increase of aphids
infected on the first day of adult life was 1.5 to 2.5 times
less than for the healthy ones. As expected, at 20 degrees C,
the later in life the adults were infected the less was the
effect on the number of offspring produced relative to that of
healthy ones. A simulation of the effect of time-limited
infection on the number of offspring of infected aphids
confirms the importance of this parameter in a model of the
epidemiology of entomophthorosis on aphids.
129 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Influence of landscape structure on abundance and within-field
distribution of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
larval parasitoids in Michigan. Landis, D.A.; Haas, M.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (2): p. 409-416; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Ichneumonidae; Parasitoids; Biological control agents;
Landscape
Abstract: Studies were conducted at eight locations in Ingham
County, Michigan, during 1989-1990 to determine the within-
field distribution of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hubner), larval parasitism. O. nubilalis larval sampling was
conducted at multiple locations on three transects across
large 1st-yr corn fields during the F1 and F2 generations.
Plants were destructively sampled to determine O. nubilalis
abundance and larvae were returned to the lab to determine
parasitism. Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae) was the dominant parasitoid of O. nubilalis in
the sampled fields, accounting for 92.5% of the F1 and 99.2%
of the F2 parasitism during 1989; and for 92.2% of the F1 and
99.1% of the F2 during 1990. Average parasitism by E.
terebrans (n = 4 fields) was 4.9 and 18.7% of F1, 10.2 and
9.1% of F2 larvae during 1989 and 1990 respectively. The
maximum E. terebrans parasitism observed (37.4%) of the O.
nubilalis larvae in one field (F1, 1990), is the highest level
reported for this species in the Midwest. Parasitism by E.
terebrans during the F1 generation was greater along field
margins than in field interiors in most fields during both
years. During 1990, O. nubilalis larvae near wooded edges had
significantly higher E. terebrans parasitism than those near
nonwooded edges or field interiors. In the F2 generation,
parasitism did not vary significantly from field margins to
field interiors in either year. There was no consistent
relationship between O. nubilalis larval density per infested
plant and E. terebrans parasitism. These data suggest that
local landscape structure, including proximity of particular
noncrop habitats, plays an important role in the effectiveness
of this natural enemy.
130 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Influence of panicle maturity on infestation of grain sorghum
by corn earworm and sorghum webworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
in Georgia.
Chamberlin, J.R.; All, J.N.
Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1991 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 26 (4): p. 419-424; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Helicoverpa zea; Celama
sorghiella; Panicles; Feeding behavior; Oviposition;
Population density; Trichogramma; Biological control agents
131 NAL Call. No.: 410 EC7
Influence of plant allelochemicals on the tobacco hornworm and
its parasitoid, Cotesia congregata.
Barbosa, P.; Gross, P.; Kemper, J.
Tempe, Ariz. : The Society; 1991 Oct.
Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
v. 72 (5): p. 1567-1575; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana; Alkaloids; Allelochemicals;
Antifeedants; Hordenine; Nicotine; Rutoside; Manduca sexta;
Biological control agents; Cotesia; Host parasite
relationships; Mortality; Parasites of insect pests
132 NAL Call. No.: 1 En82B n.s. no.100
The insect enemies of the cotton boll weevil.
Pierce, W. Dwight; Cushman, R. A._1880-; Hood, Clifford E.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of
Entomology,; 1912. 99 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 23 cm.
(Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Entomology) ; no. 100.).
Issued April 3, 1912. Bibliography: p. 97-99.
Language: English
Descriptors: Boll weevil; Biological control
133 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 SO85
Insect management.
Manley, D.G.
Brookings, S.D. : The Service; 1992 Nov.
Extension Circular - University of South Dakota, Cooperative
Extension Service v.): p. 39-47; 1992 Nov. In the series
analytic: South Carolina Tobacco Growers Guide 1993.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana rustica; Integrated pest management;
Insect pests; Aphididae; Crop losses
134 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 SO8E
Insect management.
Manley, D.G.
Clemson, S.C. : The Service; 1991 Nov.
Circular - Clemson University, Cooperative Extension Service
v.): p. 35-43; 1991 Nov. In the series analytic: South
Carolina tobacco growers guide 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Integrated
pest management; Insect pests; Crop losses; Insecticides
135 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Insect management strategies for producing quality cotton in
the desert southwest.
Tollefson, S.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 1: p. 50-51;
1991. Paper presented at "Beltwide Cotton Production
Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests;
Integrated pest management; Pest control; Crop quality; Crop
production
136 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Insect pest management and socio-economic circumstances of
small-scale farmers for food crop production in western Kenya:
a case study.
Saxena, K.N.; Okeyo, A.P.; Seshu Reddy, K.V.; Omolo, E.O.;
Ngode, L. Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1989.
Insect science and its application v. 10 (4): p. 443-462.
maps; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; Vigna
unguiculata; Integrated pest management; Intercropping; Pest
resistance; Biological control; Farmers; Surveys
137 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Insect rearing management as a prerequisite in the development
of IPM for sustainable food production.
Ochieng-Odero, J.P.R.; Onyango, F.O.; Kilori, J.T.; Bungu,
M.D.O. Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (5/6): p. 645-651;
1991. Special issue: Aspects of pest management in relation
to agricultural production and environmental conservation in
Africa / edited by A.M. Alghali, N.K. Maniania, Mbaye Ndoye,
and Z.M. Nyiira. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Busseola fusca; Chilo partellus; Biological
control; Insect control; Integrated pest management;
Laboratory rearing; Neoseiulus; Trichogramma; Parasites of
insect pests; Plant pests
Abstract: Insect rearing and its management is a prerequisite
in developing IPM packages for various food crops. Insects
reared for the development of these packages should be
regularly monitored for quality in order to ensure success.
This paper describes various methods of rearing followed at
the ICIPE in the process of IPM development. The rearing of
Chilo partellus is described as an example of large-scale
rearing. Steps in the experimental rearing of Busseola fusca
are outlined. The rearing of an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma
mwanzai is described as a vital technology in the IPM of maize
and sorghum. The value of quality control is emphasized using
the rearing of the phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus teke as an
example.
138 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Insecticide resistance management: an integral part of IPM.
Graves, J.B.; Leonard, B.R.; Burris, G.; Micinski, S.; Long,
D.W.; O'Brien, P.J.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 1: p. 23-24;
1991. Paper presented at "Beltwide Cotton Production
Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests; Integrated pest
management; Insecticide resistance
139 NAL Call. No.: SB608.B4M63 1991
Integrated control of insect pests of sugarbeet final research
report of the project, July 1984 to December 1990 at the NWFP
Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan.
Mohammad Shalid; Henneberry, T. J.
Peshawar, Pakistan : NWFP Agricultural University,; 1991. 131
leaves ; 28 cm. PL. 480 programme. "Project no. PK-ARS-205.
Grant no. FG. Pa-383. "Cooperating scientist: T.J.
Henneberry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves
126-131).
Language: English
Descriptors: Sugar beet; Insect pests
140 NAL Call. No.: S544.5.A17W74
Integrated insect control practices.
Mayer, D.F.; Johansen, C.
S.l. : Cooperative Extension, Washington State University,
etc. :.; 1991 Jun. WREP - Western Region Extension Publication
- Cooperative Extension Service v.): 7 p.; 1991 Jun. In the
series analytic: Alfalfa seed production and pest management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Seed production; Integrated pest
management; Pollinators; Pests; Weeds; Plant diseases
141 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Integrated management of rice tungro disease in South
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sama, S.; Hasanuddin, A.; Manwan, I.;
Cabunagan, R.C.; Hibino, H. Guildford : Butterworths; 1991
Feb.
Crop protection v. 10 (1): p. 34-40; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sulawesi; Oryza sativa; Rice tungro virus;
Disease vectors; Nephotettix nigropictus; Nephotettix
virescens; Population dynamics; Disease transmission;
Epidemiology; Integrated pest management; Plant disease
control; Planting date; Timing; Cultivars; Varietal
susceptibility; Rotations; Integrated control; Cultural
control; Genetic control
142 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Integrated pest management.
Linker, M.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1989 Dec.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina State University v.): p. 117-119; 1989 Dec. In
series analytic: Tobacco Information--1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Integrated pest management;
Tobacco
143 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Integrated pest management strategy for cowpea production
under residual soil moisture in the Bida area of northern
Nigeria.
Alghali, A.M.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jul.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (3): p. 224-227; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Ootheca; Maruca
testulalis; Riptortus dentipes; Clavigralla tomentosicollis;
Insect pests; Insect control; Chemical control; Cypermethrin;
Dimethoate; Pesticide mixtures; Foliar spraying; Crop growth
stage; Crop yield; Yield losses; Grain; Fodder; Floodlands;
Infestation; Cultivars
144 NAL Call. No.: 421 B87
Integrated use of pink bollworm pheromone formulations and
selected conventional insecticides for the control of the
cotton pest complex in Pakistan.
Critchley, B.R.; Chamberlain, D.J.; Campion, D.G.; Attique,
M.R.; Ali, M.; Ghaffar, A.
London : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International; 1991
Dec. Bulletin of entomological research v. 81 (4): p. 371-378;
1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan; Gossypium hirsutum; Arthropod pests;
Pectinophora gossypiella; Funnel traps; Insecticides;
Integrated control; Mating disruption; Pheromones; Crop yield
145 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
The integration of pest and disease control with weed control
in winter cereals in Great Britain.
Orson, J.H.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1989.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 1: p. 97-106;
1989. Paper presented at the Brighton Crop Protection
Conference--Weeds, November 20-23, 1989, at Brighton, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Great Britain; Cereals; Pest control; Weed
control; Integrated control
146 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Integration of plant resistance, insecticides, and planting
date for management of the Hessian fly (Diptera:
Cecidomyiidae) in winter wheat. Buntin, G.D.; Ott, S.L.;
Johnson, J.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 530-538; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Triticum aestivum; Cultivars; Crop
damage; Pest resistance; Mayetiola destructor; Disulfoton;
Integrated pest management; Phorate; Planting date;
Susceptibility; Cost effectiveness analysis
Abstract: The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), can
cause severe damage to soft red winter wheat, Triticum
aestivum L. em Thell, in the southeastern United States. The
efficacy and cost effectiveness of in-furrow applications of
disulfoton and phorate as alternatives to planting date
modification and plant resistance for controlling Hessian fly
damage in winter wheat was studied during the 1987-1988 and
1988-1989 seasons near Midville and Plains, Ga. The study
consisted of a split-split plot design of two planting dates,
three insecticide treatments, and four or six cultivars of
soft red winter wheat. Populations were small and damage was
minimal during the first season, but populations were large
and damage was severe during the second season. Planting
before the recommended planting date increased the severity of
Hessian fly injury, but planting at the recommended date did
not necessarily avoid Hessian fly damage during the fall.
Applications of phorate and disulfoton were equally effective
in controlling infestations in the fall and winter. Spring
infestations also tended to be lower in treated than untreated
plots. Plant resistance controlled Hessian fly damage
throughout the season. Phorate reduced wheat seedling
establishment in some trials, but this reduction did not
adversely affect wheat productivity and economic returns. Low
populations had little effect on wheat yield, test weight, and
economic returns in 1987-1988. Hessian fly damage in 1988-1989
reduced grain yield, test weight, and straw weight in
untreated susceptible cultivars. Use of a systemic insecticide
at planting on Hessian fly susceptible cultivars provided a
positive economic return regardless of planting date, and
disulfoton and phorate provided similar economic benefits.
When infestations were large, resistant cultivars provided a
large economic benefit compared with an untreated susceptible
cultivar. Insecticide use on a resistant cultivar was not
economically justified. Planting a high-yie
147 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Interaction of maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and
parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae) in a small bulk of stored corn.
Arbogast, R.T.; Mullen, M.A.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2462-2468; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Grain stores; Maize; Sitophilus zeamais;
Stored products pests; Anisopteromalus calandrae; Biological
control agents; Interactions; Parasites of insect pests
Abstract: Monthly samples of a stored-corn ecosystem in
southeastern Georgia were used to examine interaction between
the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and its
parasitoid, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard). Counts of
adults were made when the samples were taken. Counts were made
again after the samples had been held at 30 degrees C and 60%
RH for 1 wk and for 3 wk. Host and parasitoid develop within
grain kernels; at any time, their numbers can be divided into
interstitial and intrakernel populations. Interstitial
populations, estimated by the first count, consisted of adults
that were in the interstices of the grain mass when a sample
was taken. In these populations, numerical response of the
parasitoid to host density was clear and indicated a degree of
natural control. The intrakernel populations, estimated by
counts 2 and 3 combined, included immature stages and adults
that had not yet emerged from grain kernels at the time of
sampling. Analysis of these populations showed that the rate
of parasitism responded to changes in host density, but lagged
behind. This delayed density-dependence allowed enough
fluctuation in the weevil population for significant damage to
occur during periods of peak population density. Nevertheless,
A. calandrae may be an effective biological control agent if
it is introduced in sufficient numbers early in the storage
period to suppress the initial buildup of weevil populations.
For long storage periods, additional introductions would be
required to prevent weevil populations from rebounding once
the parasite population declined.
148 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Interactions between Diuraphis noxia, Zoophthora radicans and
Aphelinus asychis: preliminary results of laboratory studies.
Poprawski, T.J.; Mercadier, G.; Wraight, S.P.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
180-188; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Aphelinus asychis; Erynia
radicans; Parasitoids; Biological control agents
149 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Interactions of Russian wheat aphid, a hymenopterous
parasitoid and resistant and susceptible slender wheatgrasses.
Reed, D.K.; Kindler, S.D.; Springer, T.L.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Sep.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 64 (3): p. 239-246;
1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elymus trachycaulus; Pest resistance;
Susceptibility; Diuraphis noxia; Biological control;
Diaeretiella rapae; Interactions; Triticum aestivum
150 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Interspecific competition between parasitoids of the fall
armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae).
Rajapakse, R.H.S.; Ashley, T.R.; Waddill, V.H.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Aug.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (4): p. 473-480; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spodoptera frugiperda; Insect pests; Ova; Larvae;
Mortality; Chelonus insularis; Microgaster; Cotesia
marginiventris; Parasitoids; Parasitism; Host parasite
relationships; Interspecific competition; Animal competition;
Animal behavior; Oviposition; Biological control; Parasites of
insect pests
Abstract: Interspecific competition within larvae of the fall
armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), by the
larval parasitoids, Cotesia (= Apanteles) marginiventris
Cresson and Microplitis manilae Ashmead, and the egg-larval
parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson was studied. Chelonus
insularis was not able to compete successfully against Cotesia
marginiventris, but was a successful competitor against
Microplitis manilae. Multiple parasitization of larvae by
either Cotesia marginiventris or Microplitis manilae, which as
eggs were parasitized by Chelonus insularis, did not result in
additional host mortality. Percentage parasitization under
greenhouse conditions by Cotesia marginiventris of larvae
parasitized previously by Chelonus insularis was two-fold
higher in corn compared to sorghum and more than four-fold
higher compared to Bermuda grass and itch grass. The host
finding and behavioural sequence of oviposition of Cotesia
marginiventris in FAW larvae already parasitized by Chelonus
insularis consisted of nine steps. Microplitis manilae females
changed their behaviour significantly by displaying a
reduction of ca. fifty per cent in host examinations, 45% in
ovipositor probes, and 55% in apparent ovipositions when
Chelonus insularis parasitized larvae were presented. Cotesia
marginiventris and Microplitis manilae exhibited no
significant behavioural changes in the per cent contacts,
examinations and apparent ovipositions when attacking larvae
parasitized previously by either Cotesia marginiventris or
Microplitis manilae.
151 NAL Call. No.: 100 L93 (3)
Introduction of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus for long-term
suppression of velvetbean caterpillars in soybeans.
Fuxa, J.R.
Crowley, La. : The Station; 1991.
Annual research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station (83rd): p. 295; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Anticarsia gemmatalis;
Biological control; Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses
152 NAL Call. No.: SB351.P3P432
IPM strategies for peanut insects in SAT Africa.
Lynch, R.E.
Griffin, Ga. : University of Georgia, Georgia Experiment
Station; 1987-1988. Annual report of the Peanut Collaborative
Research Support Program (CRSP). p. 86-105; 1987-1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Burkina faso; Arachis hypogaea; Insect
pests; Integrated pest management
153 NAL Call. No.: SB351.P3P432
IPM strategies for peanut insects in SAT Africa.
Lynch, R.E.; Ouedraogo, A.P.; Dicko, I.O.
Griffin, Ga. : University of Georgia, Georgia Experiment
Station; 1989-1990. Annual report of the Peanut Collaborative
Research Support Program (CRSP). p. 95-112; 1989-1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Burkina faso; Arachis hypogaea; Insect
pests; Integrated pest management
154 NAL Call. No.: SB351.P3P432
IPM strategies for peanut insects in SAT Africa.
Lynch, R.E.; Ouedraogo, A.P.
Griffin, Ga. : University of Georgia, Georgia Experiment
Station; 1988-1989. Annual report of the Peanut Collaborative
Research Support Program (CRSP). p. 115-151; 1988-1989.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Burkina faso; Arachis hypogaea; Insect
pests; Integrated pest management
155 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Isolation and identification of allelochemicals that attract
the larval parasitoid, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), to
the microhabitat of one of its hosts.
Turlings, T.C.J.; Tumlinson, J.H.; Heath, R.R.; Proveaux,
A.T.; Doolittle, R.E.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Nov.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (11): p. 2235-2259; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cotesia marginiventris; Semiochemicals; Zea mays;
Seedlings; Volatile compounds; Host-seeking behavior; Insect
control; Biological control
Abstract: Volatiles released from corn seedlings on which
beet armyworm larvae were feeding were attractive to females
of the parasitoid, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), in flight
tunnel bioassays. Analyses of the collected volatiles revealed
the consistent presence of 11 compounds in significant
amounts. They were: (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-
hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, linalool,
(3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, indole, alpha-trans-
bergamotene, (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-nerolidol, and
(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene. A synthetic
blend of all 11 compounds was slightly less attractive to
parasitoid females than an equivalent natural blend. However,
preflight experience with the synthetic blend instead of
experience with a regular plant-host complex significantly
improved the response to the synthetic blend. Our results
suggest that C marginiventris females, in their search for
hosts, use a blend of airborne semiochemicals emitted by
plants on which their hosts feed. The response to a particular
odor blend dramatically increases after a parasitoid
experiences it in association with contacting host by-
products.
156 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Isolation of corn semiochemicals attractive and repellent to
western corn rootworm larvae.
Hibbard, B.E.; Bjostad, L.B.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (12): p. 3425-3439; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Zea mays; Plant
composition; Semiochemicals; Insect attractants; Insect
repellents; Isolation; Bioassays; Insect control; Biological
control
Abstract: Dichloromethane extracts of germinating corn are
significantly attractive to western corn rootworm larvae in
choice tests with equal levels of carbon dioxide present on
both sides of the choice. Two fractions that are significantly
attractive and two fractions that are significantly repellent
to larvae were isolated from these extracts of germinating
corn by gas chromatography and silica gel chromatography. In a
separate set of experiments, Porapak N was used to collect
headspace volatiles from germinating corn; significantly more
larvae were attracted to aliquots of these extracts in single-
choice tests without added carbon dioxide present than to
solvent controls.
157 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Laboratory evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungus,
Beauveria bassiana against the boll weevil (Curculionidae:
Coleoptera).
Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Nov.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 58 (3): p. 448-449; 1991
Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Anthonomus grandis; Bioassays; Biological
control; Beauveria bassiana; Conidia; Insecticidal action;
Mode of action; Spore germination; Gossypium; Crop losses
158 NAL Call. No.: 420 EN82
Laboratory rearing and field observations of Lyctocoris
campestris (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a predator of stored-
product insects. Parajulee, M.N.; Phillips, T.W.
Lanham, Md. : The Society; 1992 Nov.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America v. 85 (6): p.
736-743; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Grain stores; Anthocoridae; Stored products
pests; Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents;
Laboratory rearing
159 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Large-scale use of hollow fibre and microencapsulated pink
bollworm pheromone formulations integrated with conventional
insecticides for the control of the cotton pest complex in
Egypt.
Moawad, G.; Khidr, A.A.; Zaki, M.; Critchley, B.R.; McVeigh,
L.J.; Campion, D.G.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jan.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (1): p. 10-16; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Egypt; Gossypium; Pectinophora gossypiella;
Insect control; Chemical control; Sex pheromones;
Formulations; Microencapsulation; Integrated control;
Insecticides; Crop yield; Bolls; Weight; Yield losses;
Honeybees; Honey-getting capacity; Cross pollination
160 NAL Call. No.: SB599.J69
Late-season parasitoids of the fall armyworm in South
Carolina. McCutcheon, G.S.
Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society; 1991
Jul. Journal of agricultural entomology v. 8 (3): p. 219-221;
1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor;
Spodoptera frugiperda; Larvae; Parasitoids; Braconidae;
Ichneumonidae; Tachinidae; Integrated pest management
161 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Male European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner),
antennal responses to analogs of its sex pheromone: Strain,
electroantennogram, and behavior relationships.
Fescemyer, H.W.; Hanson, F.E.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 773-790; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Strains; Sex pheromones;
Analogs; Adaptation; Chemoreceptors; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to (1) determine whether
the electroantennogram (EAG) can detect differences among the
responses of antennae from males derived from the three
strains of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and (2) characterize
the EAG responses of each strain to isomeric forms of the
natural pheromone, (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate
(TDA), and analogs possessing differences in the terminal
alkyl group, cyclopropyl (CPA), or tert-butyl (TBA). EAG
responses differed among the strains in two ways: (1) Antennae
from ZZ males always produced an EAG to (Z)-TDA with an
extended duration of response. This "signature" EAG response
was found to be unique to the antennal response of ZZ males to
(Z)-TDA, thus providing a relatively easy method of
distinguishing live ZZ males from EE or ZE males. Correlated
with this longer EAG response was a longer disadaptation time,
i.e., the EAG response of ZZ antennae disadapted more slowly
(ca. 10 min) than the response of EE antennae (2) Strain
differences in the relative EAG amplitudes to isomers and
analogs were observed at the stimulus amounts eliciting the
peak EAG amplitude as follows: TDA greater than or equal to
CPA > TBA for ZZ males and both isomers; TDA > CPA greater
than or equal to TBA and CPA greater than or equal to TDA >
TBA for EE males and the E and Z isomers, respectively; CPA >
TBA greater than or equal to TDA for ZE males and both
isomers. Dose-response relationships were seen for all
compounds if amplitude ("peak height") of the EAG was used as
a measure of response. However, if width of the EAG at half
the peak height ("peak width") was used, then only the ZZ
antennal response to (Z)-TDA resulted in a meaningful dose-
response relationship. For all strains, The EAG amplitudes
elicited by the Z isomers of any of the tested compounds were
greater than those elicited by the corresponding E isomers.
Therefore, the correlations between the relative EAG and
upwind flight responses were observed in the ZZ (r =
162 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A2B74
Management of cereal pests and diseases in integrated farming
systems. El Titi, A.
Surrey : British Crop Protection Council; 1986.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases v. 1:
p. 147-155; 1986. Paper presented at the British Crop
Protection Conference-- Pests and Diseases, November 17-20,
1986, Brighton, England. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cereals; Insect control; Fungus control;
Integrated control
163 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Management of cereal stem borers, especially Chilo partellus,
using Microsporidia.
Odindo, M.O.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Jun.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (1/3): p. 51-55; 1991
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Kenya; Cereals; Chilo partellus;
Lepidoptera; Stem borers; Biological control; Insect control;
Microspora; Nosema; Production; Formulations
Abstract: Lepidopteran stem borers account for heavy losses
in cereals in areas where they are prevalent throughout
Africa. Microsporidia, especially Nosema sp. may be developed
for use in the management of this group of insect pests.
Studies carried out so far show that the application of Nosema
spores may increase yield up to 34% in sorghum when the plants
are infested with Chilo partellus eggs and sprayed with the
pathogen, and up to 80% in sorghum infested with borer larvae.
The procedure for spore production is simple, and may easily
be adapted for small scale industrial production by local or
regional communities and organizations. In trials aimed at the
mass production of Nosema sp. for the management of C.
partellus, a yield of 109 spores/larva has been attained. If
this production level can be maintained, then a system that
produces only 6000 larvae/day would yield enough cadavers for
preparation of 6000 1 daily. At the rate in which the pathogen
suspension is applied as foliar sprays in the field, this
would be sufficient to treat 5373 ha. If widely adopted, use
of microsporidia would revolutionize cereal stem borer
management in the tropics.
164 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Management of Chilo spp. in rice in Africa.
Akinsola, E.A.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 815-823;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Oryza sativa; Cultivars; Ecosystems; Pest
resistance; Stem borers; Chilo; Insect control; Integrated
pest management; Natural enemies
Abstract: Chilo species constitute one of the three major
lepidopterous rice stem borers in Africa and their occurrence
stretches across the different rice ecosystems; two major
species, C. zacconius Bles. and C. diffusilineus (J. de
Joannis) are found in West Africa, while C. partellus (Swinh.)
and C. agamemnon Bles. appear to be the predominant species on
rice in East and North Africa, respectively. A brief note is
given on some aspects of the biology, especially the life
history and behaviour of C. zacconius. Control measures are
discussed as well as an integrated approach towards management
based essentially on growing resistant varieties, conservation
of natural enemies and adjusting planting dates.
165 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Management of Chilo spp. infesting cereals in eastern Africa.
Minja, E.M.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 489-499;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: East Africa; Cereals; Hosts of plant pests;
Lines; Pest resistance; Chilo orichalcociliellus; Chilo
partellus; Chilo sacchariphagus; Biological control; Chemical
control; Integrated pest management; Literature reviews
Abstract: The distribution and existing control measures for
three important Chilo spp. (C. partellus, C.
orichalcocilliellus and C. sacchariphagus) to cereal crop
production in 10 east African countries and their neighbouring
Indian Ocean Islands are reviewed. Various cultural,
biological, host-plant resistance/tolerance and chemical
control methods developed in the past 30 years of cereal
research programmes are discussed. Cultural methods are very
effective on Chilo spp. control, but are not widely practised.
Although several effective natural enemies have been
identified for Chilo spp., very few systematic programmes of
their utilization have been effected. Several
resistant/tolerant maize and sorghum lines have been reported,
but they are not yet fully used. Chemical control though
effective, has proved rather unsuccessful in traditional
agriculture. Suggestions to incorporate these control methods
in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for Chilo spp.
in different places in the region are given.
166 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Management of Chilo spp. on sugar-cane with notes on mating
disruption studies with the synthetic sex pheromone of C.
sacchariphagus in Mauritius. Rajabalee, A.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 825-836;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mauritius; Saccharum officinarum; Chilo;
Biological control; Chemical control; Cultural control;
Geographical distribution; Integrated pest management; Mating
disruption; Sex pheromones; Trapping; Literature reviews
Abstract: Chilo spp. are among the most important stem borers
of sugar-cane in the Old World. Chemical control is not very
effective mainly because or the concealed habit of the borer
larvae. Efforts have therefore mostly been directed to
alternative methods of control such as cultural practices,
varietal resistance, biological control and the use of sex
pheromones. Varieties are not normally bred for borer
resistance but very susceptible ones tend to eliminate
themselves st the early stages of selection. Susceptibility is
normally assessed on promising and released varieties.
Classical introduction of exotic parasites has more or less
reached a saturation point and biological control tends to be
oriented towards the possible use of new or cross-bred
strains. The importance of entomopathogens as a control
component against Chilo spp. needs further studies. A great
potential exists in the use of sex pheromones mainly as a
means to disrupt mating, as shown by the promising results
obtained through trials carried out in various countries. It
is very important that the various methods or pest control
available be used in combination with one another, taking into
account the natural limiting factors of the environment. This
would be an important contributing factor towards an objective
of optimum yield at minimum cost in the management or Chilo
spp. on sugarcane.
167 NAL Call. No.: 421 AN72
Management of diabroticite rootworms in corn.
Levine, E.; Oloumi-Sadeghi, H.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1991.
Annual review of entomology v. 36: p. 229-255; 1991.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Canada; Zea mays; Diabrotica barberi;
Diabrotica virgifera; Biological control; Cultural control;
Insect traps; Insecticides; Integrated pest management;
Monitoring; Pest resistance; Literature reviews
168 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Management of lepidopteran pests with insect resistant cotton:
recommended approaches.
Fischhoff, D.A.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 2: p. 751-755; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Lepidoptera; Pest resistance;
Integrated pest management
169 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B
Managing black cutworms in corn.
Landis, D.; Giebink, B.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Dec.
Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
State University v.): 2 p.; 1992 Dec. In subseries: IPM
Facts.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agrotis ipsilon; Insect pests; Zea mays; Life
cycle; Crop damage; Insect control; Insecticides
170 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B
Managing black cutworms in sugar beets.
Landis, D.; Giebink, B.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Dec.
Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
State University v.): 2 p.; 1992 Dec. In subseries: IPM
Facts.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agrotis ipsilon; Insect pests; Sugarbeet; Life
cycle; Crop damage; Insect control; Insecticides
171 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Managing parasitoids for control of Heliothis and Helicoverpa
species. Powell, J.E.; Laster, M.L.; Hardee, D.D.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 790-791;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis virescens;
Helicoverpa zea; Glabromicroplitis croceipes; Insect control;
Biological control; Crop management
172 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Manipulation of larval diapause of the European corn borer
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a potential mechanism of
integrated pest management. Showers, W.B.; Keaster, A.J.;
Witkowski, J.F.; Clement, S.L.; Chiang, H.C.; Sparks, A.N.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (5): p. 1311-1319; 1990 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Iowa; Nebraska; Ohio; Missouri;
Georgia; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Larvae; Diapause;
Integrated pest management
173 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
A method for observing below-ground pest-predator interactions
in corn agroecosystems.
Brust, G.E.
Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1991 Jan.
Journal of entomological science v. 26 (1): p. 1-8. ill; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi; Mesostigmata; Tyrophagus
putrescentiae; Lasius; Staphylinidae; Carabidae; Coleoptera;
Predators of insect pests; Soil; No-tillage; Biological
control agents
174 NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5
Method to enhance growth and sporulation of pelletized
biocontrol fungi. Knudsen, G.R.; Eschen, D.J.; Dandurand,
L.M.; Wang, Z.G.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991
Oct. Applied and environmental microbiology v. 57 (10): p.
2864-2867; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trichoderma harzianum; Beauveria bassiana;
Biological control agents; Growth; Sporulation; Pellets;
Polyethylene glycol; Hyphae; Soil fungi; Plant pathogens;
Insect pests
Abstract: The biocontrol fungi Trichoderma harzianum, used to
control soilborne plant pathogens, and Beauveria bassiana,
used to control insect pests, were formulated as mycelial
biomass in alginate pellets with wheat bran added. After
drying for 0, 4, or 16 b, pellets were placed in water or in
aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 for 4 to
24 h and then allowed to continue drying. PEG-treated pellets
containing T. harzianum showed significantly greater
proliferation of hyphae in soil than untreated pellets or
pellets treated with water. Production of conidia of T.
harzianum from PEG-treated pellets was lower than production
from untreated pellets after 4 days, although rates were
equivalent after 7 days. In contrast, production of conidia of
B. bassiana was significantly more rapid from PEG-treated
pellets than from untreated pellets. Biocontrol of soilborne
plant pathogens or insect pests may be enhanced by rapid
hyphal growth of T. harzianum in soil or rapid sporulation of
B. bassiana on foliage, respectively. Therefore, PEG treatment
may improve the efficacy of these biocontrol agents.
175 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Microhabitat and resource selection of the European corn borer
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its natural enemies in Maryland
field corn. Coll, M.; Bottrell, D.G.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 526-533; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Orius
insidiosus; Coleomegilla maculata; Predators of insect pests;
Microhabitats; Biological control agents
Abstract: In western Maryland, the European corn borer,
Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner), exhibited three flight periods
(from late May to mid-September 1986-1988) but completed only
two generations in corn. Oviposition by corn borer moths
increased when the tassels emerged and shed pollen. Peak
density of the predators Orius insidiosus (Say) and
Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) coincided with peak density of
the borer's second-generation eggs and neonates. Second-
generation egg masses and second and older instars were
randomly distributed between plants in the field where first
instars were aggregated. Corn borer females of the second
flight period deposited most eggs (82%) on the ventral
surfaces of leaves in the middle sections of plants near
silking ears (76.7%). The emerging neonates initially
dispersed randomly on the leaves. However, 30 min after
emergence, most neonates cued on leaf axils, which served as
the most common microhabitat for young larvae. Larval
microhabitat differed substantially between the
nonoverwintering and overwintering forms and between early and
late instars of the nonoverwintering form. Leaf axils were the
preferred microhabitat of young larvae, but preference shifted
to stalks and ears as larvae matured. Overwintering larvae
inhabited almost only stalks. Similarly, O. insidiosus adults
and nymphs changed their within-plant distribution throughout
the season. These changes in the distribution of borer larvae
and their predators are discussed in relation to prey and
pollen availability in different corn plant microhabitats.
176 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Minimizing financial risk in cotton pest management: a
simulation case study. Szmedra, P.I.; McClendon, R.W.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1989.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences (Book 2): p.
458-462; 1989. Meeting held January 2-7, 1989, Nashville,
Tennessee. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest
management; Simulation models
177 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
A mobile workstation for use in an integrated pest management
program on the Russian wheat aphid.
Legg, D.E.; Bennett, L.E.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p. 66-69;
1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid Conference,
January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Integrated pest management;
Computer hardware; Computer software
178 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Monitoring secondary outbreaks of the African armyworm in
Kenya using pheromone traps for timing of Bacillus
thuringiensis application. Broza, M.; Brownbridge, M.; Sneh,
B.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1991 Jun.
Crop protection v. 10 (3): p. 229-233; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Cereals; Gramineae; Spodoptera exempta;
Insect control; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis;
Timing; Application date; Monitoring; Population density;
Pheromone traps
179 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Mortality of European corn borer larvae by natural enemies in
different corn microhabitats.
Coll, M.; Bottrell, D.G.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
Biological control v. 2 (2): p. 95-103; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Insect
pests; Orius insidiosus; Natural enemies; Biological control;
Insect control; Mortality; Life tables; Microhabitats;
Prediction; Parasitism
180 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Native bacillus thuringiensis isolates for the management of
Lepidopteran cereal pests.
Brownbridge, M.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Jun.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (1/3): p. 57-61; 1991
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Cereals; Chilo partellus; Spodoptera
exempta; Spodoptera littoralis; Biological control; Bacillus
thuringiensis; Strains; Isolation; Bioassays; Field tests;
Screening
Abstract: A range of materials were collected from a number
of ecological and environmental zones within Kenya as being
likely sources of entomopathogenic bacteria. These were soils,
insect frass and dead insect material. Using an isolation
protocol involving use of a selective medium, over 150
Bacillus thuringiensis (B. t.) strains were recovered from the
sample material. Their identity as B. t. strains was confirmed
by their growth characteristics, morphology and presence of a
parasporal delta-endotoxin crystal. All strains were screened
for activity against two Lepidopteran pest species, the
spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus and the African armyworm,
Spodoptera exempta. Isolates causing over 80% mortality in the
screening assays were retained for further evaluation. The
selected isolates were subjected to bioassay against C.
partellus and S. littoralis. Following bioassay, the most
toxic isolates were selected for screenhouse trials against C.
partellus and field trials against a natural outbreak of S.
exempta. In the screenhouse trials all of the B. t. treated
plants showed reduced levels of damage and yields were 5 to 7
times higher than the yield obtained from the untreated,
infested control plots. Three isolates, A-3, A-C-2 (isolated
from insect material) and M-44-2 (isolated from soil) seemed
to offer superior levels of protection. Two new B. t.
isolates, K-26-21 and MF-4B-both 2, isolated from soils,
showed high levels of toxicity to S. littoralis and S. exempta
in the laboratory. When isolate K-26-21 was applied to maize
seedlings in the field, almost total control of the larval
population was achieved within 48 hr at each of the
concentration levels tested.
181 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Natural control of cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) by
entomopathogenic fungi (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales and
parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Encyrtidae) on
irrigated spring wheat in southwestern Idaho. Feng, M.G.;
Johnson, J.B.; Halbert, S.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (6): p. 1699-1710; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Triticum aestivum; Diuraphis noxia;
Metopolophium dirhodum; Sitobion avenae; Entomogenous fungi;
Biological control agents
Abstract: Data on the natural control of cereal aphids,
Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker),
and Sitobion avenae (F.), by entomophthoralean fungi and
hymenopterous parasitoids on furrow-irrigated spring wheat in
southwestern Idaho are presented. The important fungi involved
were Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudire & Hennebert) Humber and
Conidiobolus spp., including C. obscurus (Hall and Dunn)
Remaudire, C. thromboides Drechsler, and C. coronatus
(Constantin) Batko. During 1986-1989, M. dirhodum and S.
avenae populations usually reached or exceeded economic
levels. D. noxia did not enter the region until late June
1981. It was the first aphid found infesting the crop in 1988
and reached high densities that summer but was not found in
1989, perhaps because of mortality during an extremely cold
winter. Fungal infection occurred approximately 2, 3, and 6 wk
after colonization of the crop by M. dirhodum, S. avenae, and
D. noxia, respectively. Epizootics occurred each summer but
usually after the crop was damaged by large aphid populations.
An exception occurred during 1987 when M. dirhodum and S.
avenae populations were effectively suppressed by mycoses,
apparently enhanced by unusually frequent rainfall during late
May and June. M. dirhodum experienced much higher mortality
from fungal infection than did S. avenae and D. noxia. P.
neoaphidis was the dominant fungus infecting M. dirhodum and
D. noxia, whereas Conidiobolus spp. were most important on S.
avenae. Entomophthora chromaphidis Burger & Swain and two
Zoophthora species sporadically infected cereal aphids.
Parasitoids, mainly Aphidius ervi Haliday for S. avenae and M.
dirhodum and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) for D. noxia,
usually attacked cereal aphids earlier than the fungi but were
less influential during the decline of host populations.
Multiple regression and correlation analysis indicated that
mycoses and parasitoids made significant contributions to the
reduction of peak populations of each ap
182 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Natural enemies gang up on corn pests.
Hardin, B.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 39 (8): p. 18-20; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Diatraea grandiosella; Insect control;
Beauveria bassiana; Gliocladium roseum; Nosema pyrausta;
Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control agents; Natural
enemies
183 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida:
Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) from the Hawaiian
Islands. Hara, A.H.; Gaugler, R.; Kaya, H.K.; Lebeck, L.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 211-216. maps; 1991
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema;
Entomophilic nematodes; Surveys; Soil; Biological control
agents
Abstract: Soils from 351 sites representing ecologically
diverse habitats from six Hawaiian Islands (sea level to 4,200
m) were assessed for entomopathogenic nematodes using the
Galleria baiting technique. Twenty-four sites (6.8%) were
positive for entomopathogenic nematodes. Twenty-two sites
(6.3%) were positive for a Heterorhabditis sp. from the
islands of Kauai (6), Oahu (5), Maui (4), Molokai (1), and
Hawaii (6), and two sites were positive for a Steinernema sp.
from Maui. No entomopathogenic nematodes were recovered from
soils on the island of Lanai. Heterorhabditids were highly
correlated with ocean beaches within 100 m of seashore (0 m
elevation). These positive sites had soils containing sand
grains from coral and shells with moderately alkaline pH (8.0)
and low organic content (12%). The steinernematid isolates
came from inland areas in silty clay and silt loam soils with
higher organic content (15-35%).
184 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Natural prevalence of fungal pathogens, hymenopteran
parasites, and dipteran predators of Diuraphis noxia and
associated cereal aphid species in spring-planted grains in
Colorado.
Wraight, S.P.; Poprawski, T.J.; Meyer, W.L.; Peairs, F.B. S.l.
: The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
170-179; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum;
Diuraphis noxia; Hymenoptera; Parasitoids; Diptera; Predators;
Entomophthora; Entomogenous fungi; Biological control agents
185 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Naturalis: a biorational insecticide for boll weevil control.
Knauf, T.A.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 1: p. 83-84;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Curculionidae; Insect pests;
Biological control; Entomogenous fungi; New products
186 NAL Call. No.: QL495.A7
Neither barium nor calcium prevents the inhibition by Bacillus
thuringiensis delta-endotoxin of sodium- or potassium
gradient-dependent amino acid accumulation by tobacco hornworm
midgut brush border membrane vesicles. Wolfersberger, M.G.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss; 1989.
Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology v. 12 (4): p.
267-277; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Manduca sexta; Larvae; Midgut; Amino acids;
Membranes; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; Endotoxins;
Barium; Calcium; Inhibition; Biological control agents
187 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Nematodes control armyworms in China.
Zhang, A.
Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 May. The
IPM practitioner v. 15 (5/6): p. 15; 1993 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Mythimna separata; Mermithidae; Triticum
aestivum; Biological control
188 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Neozygites fresenii in aphis gossypii on cotton.
Steinkraus, D.C.; Kring, T.J.; Tugwell, N.P.
College Station, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society;
1991 Jun. The Southwestern entomologist v. 16 (2): p. 118-122;
1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Gossypium hirsutum; Aphis gossypii;
Neozygites fresenii; Biological control agents
189 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
New developments in pesticides for IPM in Africa, with special
reference to cotton pests.
Sechser, B.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1989.
Insect science and its application v. 10 (6): p. 815-820;
1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Gossypium; Insect pests; Biological
control agents; Insecticides; Integrated pest management
190 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
New North American host records for Aphelinus sp. nr. varipes
(Foerster) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): the western wheat
aphid, Diuraphis tritici (Gillette), and the Russian wheat
aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae).
Lajeunesse, S.E.; Johnson, G.D.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Mar.
The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (2): p. 413-415; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Montana; U.S.A.; Triticum aestivum;
Hordeum vulgare; Agropyron; Diuraphis; Diuraphis noxia; New
host records; Biological control; Aphelinus; Parasites of
insect pests; Predators of insect pests
191 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Nontarget noctuids complicate integrated pest management
monitoring of sweet corn with pheromone traps in
Massachusetts.
Weber, D.C.; Ferro, D.N.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (4): p. 1364-1369; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Mythimna unipuncta;
Spodoptera frugiperda; Nontarget organisms; Noctuidae;
Pheromone traps; Trapping; Insect attractants; Integrated pest
management
Abstract: Several nontarget species of noctuids were captured
in pheromone traps used to monitor corn earworm, Helicoverpa
zea (Boddie); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.
Smith); and armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) for
sweet corn integrated pest management in Massachusetts.
Captures of two Leucania species, in particular, have
increased monitoring time, possibly distorted target catches,
and complicated the transfer of monitoring activities to
growers.
192 NAL Call. No.: QL461.A52
A novel approach to environmental risk assessment of
pesticides as a basis for incorporating environmental costs
into economic injury levels. Higley, L.G.; Wintersteen, W.K.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Sep.
American entomologist v. 38 (1): p. 34-39; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North central states of U.S.A.; Field crops;
Insect pests; Costs; Economic analysis; Environmental impact;
Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Mathematical models;
=plant protection
193 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Observations on the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
israelensis on crane fly larvae.
Chard, J.M.; McKinlay, R.G.; Baty, J.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
1990. Aspects of applied biology (24): p. 277-278; 1990. In
the series analytic: The exploitation of micro-organisms in
applied biology. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Seedlings; Crop damage; Tipula
paludosa; Larvae; Soil insects; Biological control; Bacillus
thuringiensis
194 NAL Call. No.: 391.8 T66
omega-Conotoxin GVIA and nifedipine inhibit the depolarizing
action of the fungal metabolite, destruxin B on muscle from
the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens).
Bradfisch, G.A.; Harmer, S.L.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Toxicon v. 28 (11): p. 1249-1254; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Skeletal muscle; Membrane
potential; Ion transport; Calcium ions; Antagonists; Toxins;
Inhibition; Metabolites; Destruxins; Metarhizium anisopliae;
Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Recent studies on a group of fungal metabolites,
collectively called the destruxins, have suggested that these
compounds activate calcium influx in insect skeletal muscle.
In this study, we have investigated the sensitivity of
destruxin B to the voltage-dependent calcium channel
antagonists; omega-conotoxin GVIA, nifedipine, diltiazem and
methoxyverapamil on skeletal muscle from the lepidopteran
insect pest, tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens). At a
concentration of 1.7 micromolar destruxin B caused a rapid
decrease in the transmembrane resting potential. The effect of
destruxin B on insect muscle was blocked by micromolar
concentrations of omega-conotoxin GVIA and nifedipine but not
by methoxyverapamil or diltiazem. The inhibitory activity of
omega-conotoxin GVIA on invertebrate muscle tissue was
surprising since this compound was previously thought to be
selective to vertebrate nervous tissue. The sensitivity of the
destruxin-stimulated depolarization to the two antagonists
suggested that destruxin B activated a voltage-dependent
calcium channel. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored in
the presence of omega-conotoxin GVIA and nifedipine to
investigate the physiological role of the destruxin-activated
channel. Neither antagonist altered the waveform of graded
action potentials produced by synaptic activation. The lack of
effect of omega-conotoxin GVIA and a high dose of nifedipine
could be explained by the existence of two populations of
pharmacologically distinct voltage-dependent calcium channels
on the muscle membrane. One population which is involved with
the production of graded action potentials is insensitive to
omega-conotoxin GVIA and nifedipine. The other population is
activated by destruxin B and inhibited by omega-conotoxin GVIA
and nifedipine.
195 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Ovipositional and search behavior of predators: a measure of
biological control potential.
Kauffman, W.C.; LaRoche, S.L.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
152-154; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Biological control agents;
Coccinellidae; Leucopis; Predators of insect pests
196 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Ovipositional response of three Heliothis species
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to allelochemicals from cultivated
and wild host plants.
Mitchell, E.R.; Tingle, F.C.; Heath, R.R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 1817-1827; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa;
Helicoverpa zea; Allelochemicals; Oviposition deterrents;
Plant extracts; Oviposition attractants; Gossypium; Nicotiana;
Physalis; Desmodium; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: The role of plant allelochemicals on the
oviposition behavior of Heliothis virescens (F.), H. subflexa
(Guenee), and H. zea (Boddie) was investigated in the
laboratory using a "choice" bioassay system. Fresh young
leaves of tobacco, Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle,
groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) squares (flower buds) were washed in methylene
chloride or methanol, concentrated to 1 g equivalent of washed
material, and applied to a cloth oviposition substrate. Each
of the extracts-including groundcherry, a nonhost-stimulated
oviposition by H. virescens. H. subflexa were stimulated to
oviposit by groundcherry extract, its normal host, and extract
from cotton squares, a nonhost. None of the extracts
stimulated oviposition by H. zea, although all except
groundcherry were from reported hosts. The sensitivity of the
bioassay was confirmed by giving H. virescens and H. subflexa
an opportunity to choose between extracts that showed
stimulant qualities when tested independently versus only
solvent-treated controls. In these tests, tobacco showed the
highest level of stimulant activity for H. virescens;
groundcherry exhibited the highest level of stimulation for H.
subflexa.
197 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Ovipositional response of tobacco budworm moths (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) to cuticular labdanes and sucrose esters from the
green leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa L. (Solanaceae).
Jackson, D.M.; Severson, R.F.; Sisson, V.A.; Stephenson, M.G.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (12): p. 2489-2506; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Oviposition attractants;
Plant composition; Leaves; Nicotiana; Sucrose esters;
Bioassays; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Field plots of three accessions of Nicotiana
glutinosa L. (Nicotiana species accessions 24, 24A, and 24B)
at Oxford, North Carolina and Tifton, Georgia were heavily
damaged by natural populations of tobacco budworms, Heliothis
virescens (F.), during 1985-1989. Experiments in outdoor
screen cages demonstrated that all accessions of N. glutinosa
were as prone to oviposition by H. virescens moths as was NC
2326, a commercial cultivar of flue-cured tobacco, N. tabacum
L. However, in greenhouse experiments, tobacco budworm larvae
did not survive or grow as well when placed on plants of N.
glutinosa as they did when placed on plants of NC 2326. Four
labdane diterpenes (manool, 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of
sclareols, and labda-13-ene-8 alpha,15-diol[labdenediol]) and
two sucrose ester fractions (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-3'-O-acetyl-
sucrose [G-SE-I] and 2,3,4,-tri-O-acyl-sucrose [G-SE-II) were
isolated from green leaves of the three accessions of N.
glutinosa. These components were bioassayed for their effects
on the ovipositional behavior of tobacco budworm moths using
small screen cages in a greenhouse at Oxford, North Carolina.
Labdenediol, manool, and both sucrose ester fractions
stimulated tobacco budworm moths to oviposit on a tobacco
budworm-resistant Tobacco Introduction, T1 1112 (PI 124166),
when these materials were sprayed onto a leaf.
198 NAL Call. No.: 100 OH3S (2) no.819
Parasites of the European corn borer in Ohio.
Rolston, L. H.
Wooster, Ohio : Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1958.
35 p. : maps ; 23 cm. (Research bulletin (Ohio Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; 819.). Cover title. Bibliography: p.
35.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: European corn borer; Parasites; Ohio; European
corn borer; Biological control; Ohio; Corn; Diseases and
pests; Ohio
199 NAL Call. No.: SB599.J69
Parasites of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
in South Carolina.
Wilson, J.A. Jr; DuRant, J.A.
Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society; 1991
Apr. Journal of agricultural entomology v. 8 (2): p. 109-116;
1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Lixophaga; Lydella thompsoni; Pristomerus spinator; Agathis
(hymenoptera); Trichogramma; Parasites of insect pests;
Biological control agents
200 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Parasitization of Diatraea muellerella on corn in Guerrero,
Mexico. Rodriguez-del-Bosque, L.A.; Smith, J.W. Jr
Dalla, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society; 1991 Dec.
The Southwestern entomologist v. 16 (4): p. 367-369; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Zea mays; Diatraea; Parasites of insect
pests; Parasitoids; Trichogramma; Ova; Surveys; Biological
control agents; Apanteles diatraeae
201 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae and Aphelinidae) and
their effect on aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) populations in
irrigated grain in southwestern Idaho.
Feng, M.G.; Johnson, J.B.; Halbert, S.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1433-1440; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Zea
mays; Aphididae; Braconidae; Aphelinidae; Parasitoids; Insect
control; Biological control agents
Abstract: A survey of parasitoids of cereal aphids was
conducted on irrigated wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley,
Hordeum vulgare L.; and corn, Zea mays (L.) Moench., grown
under irrigation in southwestern Idaho from 1986 to 1989. Six
species of primary parasitoids (four species of Aphidiidae and
two of Aphelinidae) and five species of hyperparasitoids (two
species of Pteromalidae, one Megaspilidae, one Encyrtidae, and
one Alloxystidae) were identified from 1,244 specimens
obtained from the mummies of seven species of aphids that were
found in the field or reared from 8,698 live, field-collected
aphids. Aphidius ervi Haliday, most frequently parasitized
Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and
Macrosiphon euphorbiae (Thomas) (>91% of the primary
parasitoids obtained), whereas Praon sp. (possibly gallicum
Stary) attacked these aphids only occasionally. Multiple
species of parasitoids were reared from Diuraphis noxia
(Kurdjumov) (six species), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (four
species), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (five species), and R.
maidis (Fitch) (four species); however, only Diaeretiella
rapae (M'intosh) and Aphelinus varipes (Foerster) were of
importance for D. noxia or R. padi. Other parasitoids,
including Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), A. ervi, Praon
sp., and Aphelinus sp., were occasionally found parasitizing
this host. Developmental time at room temperature from host
mummification to emergence of parasitoid adults was 5.0-5.5 d
for A. ervi, 6.5-6.9 d for D. rapae, approximately 8.5 d for
Praon sp., and 9.8-12.1 d for A. varipes, with variation among
the aphid hosts. Parasitism suppressed the populations of S.
avenae more than those of M. dirhodum on small grains. The
role of parasitoids in control of D. noxia was limited;
parasitism exceeded 5% only during times of declining host
populations. On corn, a high rate of parasitism of S. avenae,
M. dirhodum, and M. euphorbiae, primarily by A. ervi, was
observed from mid-June through July, while R. p
202 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Pest and predator populations following early-season cotton
insect control in Arizona.
Terry, L.I.
College Station, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society;
1991 Mar. The Southwestern entomologist v. 16 (1): p. 51-62;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests;
Predators of insect pests; Population dynamics; Insecticides;
Integrated pest management
203 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E27
Pests and integrated control.
Fick, G.W.; Power, A.G.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company; 1992.
Ecosystems of the world v. 18: p. 59-83; 1992. In the series
analytic: Field crop ecosystems / edited by C.J. Pearson.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Field crops; Insect pests; Insect control;
Integrated control; Integrated pest management; Literature
reviews; Plant pathogens; Plant diseases
204 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Population dynamics of cotton arthropods associated with
optimum pest management and current insect control strategies.
Scott, W.P.; Smith, J.W.; Parencia, C.R.
Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1983 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 18 (4): p. 518-530; 1983
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis
virescens; Anthonomus grandis; Insect control; Integrated pest
management
205 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31P
Population dynamics of the greenbug and its parasitoids on
winter wheat in Central Texas.
Kring, T.J.; Gilstrap, F.E.
College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1983 Sep.
PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (4140): 10 p.; 1983
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Triticum aestivum; Schizaphis graminum;
Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Aphelinus; Diaeretiella rapae;
Pachyneuron siphonophorae; Asaphes lucens; Alloxysta;
Biological control; Natural enemies
206 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Population patterns of Chilo spp. in sorghum, maize and
millets. Seshu Reddy, K.V.; Lubega, M.C.; Sum, K.O.S.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 549-554;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Millets; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo;
Integrated pest management; Population dynamics; Literature
reviews
Abstract: The paper reviews the work done on the population
patterns of Chilo spp. in relation to the phenological stages
of sorghum, maize and millets. The stem borer Chilo partellus
entered sorghum and maize crops at 2-3 weeks after emergence
and continued till harvest. There were 3-4 peaks of larval
population during a cropping season. Such studies not only
reveal the relationship between the larval population density
and the phenological stage of the plants at infestation time,
but are also helpful in scheduling and timing pest management
strategies.
207 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Populations of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
and its host, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), on
resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars.
Wheatley, J.A.C.; Boethel, D.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (3): p. 731-738; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cultivars; Pest resistance;
Susceptibility; Tetranychus urticae; Biological control;
Phytoseiulus persimilis; Predators of insect pests
Abstract: The populations of a predaceous mite, Phytoseiulus
persimilis Athias-Henriot, and its prey, the twospotted spider
mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were examined on a resistant
and a susceptible soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cultivar
in the laboratory. Both predation and the resistant soybean
cultivar reduced the phytophagous mite population, with the
predation effect being the more pronounced. There was no
indication of interaction of predation by P. persimilis and
soybean cultivar on T. urticae mortality. When adequate prey
were available, there was no indication of antibiosis on the
predator population from feeding on prey reared on resistant
plants. However, the P. persimilis population was reduced at
the lowest prey density examined from lack of prey and
subsequent cannibalism.
208 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Populations of Sitobion avenae and Aphidius ervi on spring
wheat in the northwestern United States.
Feng, M.C.; Nowierski, R.M.; Zeng, Z.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993 May.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 67 (2): p. 109-117;
1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Oregon; Washington; Triticum; Sitobion
avenae; Aphidius ervi; Biological control agents; Population
dynamics; Sequential sampling; Spatial distribution;
Equations; Parasites of insect pests
209 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Possibilities for integrated control of the millet stem borer,
Acigona ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in
Nigeria.
Ajayi, O.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (2): p. 109-117;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Pennisetum Americanum; Coniesta
ignefusalis; Integrated pest management; Pest resistance;
Chemical control; Mixed cropping; Planting date
Abstract: The millet stem borer, Acigona ignefusalis Hampson,
can cause total crop failures when severe infestations occur
such as happened in northern Nigeria in 1984. Research at the
Institute for Agricultural Research at Samaru has shown that
various millet types and varieties exhibit different levels of
susceptibility to the stem borer, although no resistant
varieties are yet available. Infestation and damage by the
stem borer are strongly influenced by date of planting and
rate and time of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of mixed
cropping with sorghum depends on the spatial arrangement of
the component crops in the mixture as well as on the insect
population pressure. Systemic insecticides, particularly
granular carbofuran, have been found to control the stem borer
more effectively than contact insecticides like carbaryl. Seed
dressing with carbofuran has been found to be ineffective.
Some natural enemies of the stem borer have been identified
but their role in lowering damage to millet is minimal. The
destruction of infested stems before the beginning or the
rainy season is a very important control measure against the
insect. The possibilities of integrating these various methods
for stem borer control are discussed.
210 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Possible roles of cotton bud sugars and terpenoids in
oviposition by the boll weevil.
Hedin, P.A.; McCarthy, J.C.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 757-772; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Cotton; Anthonomus grandis;
Oviposition; Plant composition; Pest resistance; Volatile
compounds; Sugars; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Several cotton Gossypium spp. race stocks have been
identified that possess resistance to the boll weevil
Anthonomus grandis Boh, because oviposition is decreased. In
this work, a number of known cotton constituents that
influence stimulation of feeding and attractancy for this
insect were found to have little or no influence on
oviposition. These include gossypol, beta-bisabolol,
caryophyllene, some fatty acids and their methyl esters, some
wax esters, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and chrysanthemin.
Analysis of cotton bud surfaces showed that the content of
volatile terpenoids was generally higher in resistant lines,
but bioassays did not show decreased oviposition in the
presence of the terpenoids. The sugars (glucose, fructose, and
sucrose) found in anthers, uniformly stimulated oviposition in
the bioassay, and their content was higher in susceptible
lines. These results suggest that a major basis of resistance
to boll weevils as related to oviposition may be the decreased
content of sugars in resistant lines. The analysis of free
sugars in the anthers, and perhaps also the analysis of bud
surface terpenoids, may provide a basis for selection or
genetic production of cotton lines resistant to the boll
weevil.
211 NAL Call. No.: SB327.M52
Potato leafhopper update.
Landis, D.
Saginaw, Mich. : Michigan Bean Shippers Association; 1991.
Michigan dry bean digest v. 15 (3): p. 12-13; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dry beans; Insect pests; Leafhoppers;
Insecticides; Biological control; Chemical control
212 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Potential beneficial impact of Red Imported Fire Ant to Texas
cotton production.
Brinkley, C.K.; Ervin, R.T.; Sterling, W.L.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (2): p. 145-152; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Solenopsis invicta;
Predatory insects; Anthonomus grandis; Helicoverpa zea;
Heliothis virescens; Psallus seriatus; Insect pests; Predators
of insect pests; Biological control agents; Economic impact;
Computer analysis; Simulation models; Insect control; Cost
benefit analysis; Crop production; Decision making;
Relationships
213 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Potential larval diet devoid of hemolymph for in vitro rearing
of Bracon mellitor.
Guerra, A.A.; Robacker, K.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 723; 1991.
Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and Control
Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
control; Biological control; Bracon mellitor; Entomogenous
fungi; In vitro culture
214 NAL Call. No.: SB933.34.U73 1992
The potential of entomopathogens for the control of white grub
pests of corn in Mexico.
Villalobos, F.J.
Hampshire, England : Intercept; 1992.
Use of pathogens in scarab pest management / edited by Trevor
A. Jackson and Travis R. Glare. p. 253-260; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Zea mays; Melolontha; Biological control;
Entomopathogens
215 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Potential of Nosema spp. (Microspora, Nosematidae) and viruses
in the management of Chilo spp. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae).
Odindo, M.O.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 773-778;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Chilo; Chilo partellus; Biological
control; Insect viruses; Nosema; Parasites of insect pests
Abstract: Laboratory and field assays carried out so far
indicate that microsporidian pathogens, especially Nosema
spp., may be exploited for the management of the spotted stalk
borer Chilo partellus and possibly other Chilo spp. Several
formulations have been tested for the application of Nosema
spores in the field for borer management. Significantly high
levels of control were achieved when the pathogen was sprayed
on plants infested with borer larvae, compared with unsprayed
plots. Sublethal dosages of Nosema spp. reduced the biological
performance of C. partellus, as indicated by reduced fecundity
in infected females, high mortality in pre-imagines as well as
in the filial generations, and reduced lifespan. There was
also a high level of deformity in the surviving adults. Such
debilitating factors would subsequently result in a reduction
of population levels. In sugar-cane pests, granulosis viruses
have been observed to cause high natural mortalities in C.
infuscatellus and C. sacchariphagus. Field infestation has
been reduced by the application of the virus. Further, the
presence of polyhedrosis viruses in C. partellus, and Chilo
iridiscent virus in C. suppressalis, points towards the
possibility of using this group of pathogens in Chilo control.
216 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Potential of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from
celery looper for corn earworm and tobacco budworm control.
Vail, P.V.; Henneberry, T.J.; Hoffmann, D.F.; Jech, L.F.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 2: p. 896-899; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Syngrapha; Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea;
Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses; Insect control; Biological
control agents
217 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Potential role of indigenous Coccinellidae in regulation of
aphid populations in Central Arabia wheat fields.
El Hag, E.T.A.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Oct.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (4): p. 425-430; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Triticum; Aphidoidea; Schizaphis
graminum; Biological control; Insect control; Coccinella;
Coccinella undecimpunctata; Hippodamia variegata; Predators of
insect pests; Yield components
218 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Predation and dislodgment of Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera:
Aphididae), by adult Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae). McConnell, J.A.; Kring, T.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1798-1802; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Schizaphis graminum; Coccinella
septempunctata; Predators of insect pests; Biological control
agents
Abstract: Adult Coccinella septempunctata L. were placed on
grain sorghum plants, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, at four
growth stages with one of three greenbug, Schizaphis graminum
(Rondani), densities under laboratory and field conditions.
Greenbug predation and dislodgment rates for adults and nymphs
were recorded during a 1-h observation period or until
approximately 75% of the greenbugs were either consumed or
dislodged. Greenbug nymphs were consumed at 4 and 1.3 times
the rate of adults in laboratory and field tests,
respectively. Adult greenbugs were 1.8 times and nymphs were
1.3 times more likely to be dislodged than consumed under
laboratory conditions. In field tests, adults and nymphs were
dislodged 5 and 4 times more often, respectively, than they
were consumed. The number of greenbugs consumed/min in
laboratory and field tests increased with plant stage and
density with the exception of the bloom plant stage. The
number of greenbugs dislodged for each consumed was directly
related to prey density and plant stage. Evaluation of
predator efficacy using only the number consumed may
underestimate the effect of predation on greenbugs due to the
dislodgment behavior. Dislodgment allows greenbugs to escape
immediate predation, but may expose them to increased risk
from other biotic and abiotic mortality factors.
219 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Predators and parasitoids of Russian wheat aphid in central
Mexico. Robinson, J.
Dallas, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society; 1992 Jun.
The Southwestern entomologist v. 17 (12): p. 185-186; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Cereals; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum
aestivum; Diuraphis noxia; Biological control; Insect control;
Parasites of insect pests; Predators of insect pests;
Beneficial insects
220 NAL Call. No.: 420 EN86
Preliminary observations on Apion soleatum Wagner (Coleoptera:
Apionidae) and an associated parasitoid, on South African
cotton.
Bennett, A.L.; Nel, A.
Pretoria : The Society; 1990 Sep.
Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa v. 53
(2): p. 199-202; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Apion;
Eulophidae; Parasites of insect pests; Biological control
agents
221 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Prepupal and pupal parasitism of Helicoverpa zea and
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Steinernema
sp. in cornfields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
Raulston, J.R.; Pair, S.D.; Loera, J.; Cabanillas, H.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1666-1670; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Texas; Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera
frugiperda; Biological control; Neoaplectana; Steinernema;
Parasites of insect pests
Abstract: An indigenous Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida:
Steinernematidae) nematode parasitized prepupae and pupae of
corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), collected from fruiting
cornfields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, of Texas and
northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Over a 5-yr period, 34% of all
fields sampled contained parasitized corn earworm and 24.2%
contained parasitized fall armyworm. Of 3,036 corn earworm
prepupae and pupae collected during this study, 11.6% were
parasitized; of 1,802 fall armyworm collected, 9.3% were
parasitized. Parasitism by Steinernema sp. accounted for 49.4
and 46.1% of the mortality of corn earworm and fall armyworm
prepupae and pupae, respectively.
222 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Prevalence of microorganisms in field-sampled borers on
sorghum, maize, and cowpea in Western Kenya.
Odindo, M.O.; Otieno, W.A.; Oloo, G.W.; Kilori, J.; Odhiambo,
R.C. Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1989.
Insect science and its application v. 10 (2): p. 225-228;
1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Vigna; Chilo partellus;
Busseola fusca; Maruca testulalis; Bacteria; Insect viruses;
Entomogenous fungi; Biological control agents
223 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Preventive biological control of stored food mites in empty
stores using Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank).
Zdarkova, E.; Horak, E.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1990 Oct.
Crop protection v. 9 (5): p. 378-382; 1990 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Grain stores; Storage mites; Astigmata;
Mesostigmata; Prostigmata; Biological control; Stored products
pests; Cheyletus eruditus; Predators of insect pests; Mite
control; Biological control agents; Population density
224 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Production of Nosema marucae for biological control of cereal
stem borers. Odindo, M.O.; Amutalla, P.A.; Opondo-Mbai, M.;
Odero, T.A. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993 May.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 67 (2): p. 143-148;
1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo partellus;
Biological control; Entomopathogenic protozoa; Laboratory
rearing; Nosema; Stem borers
225 NAL Call. No.: 1 En82B n.s. no.59
Proliferation as a factor in the natural control of the
Mexican cotton boll weevil.
Hinds, W. E.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of
Entomology,; 1906. 45 p., 6 leaves of plates : ill. ; 23 cm.
(Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Entomology) ; no. 59.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Boll weevil; Cotton; Diseases and pests;
Biological control
226 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Propagation and release of natural enemies for control of
cotton insect and mite pests in the United States.
King, E.G.; Powell, J.E.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Dec.
Crop protection v. 11 (6): p. 497-506; 1992 Dec. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests; Mites;
Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Lygus; Anthonomus
grandis; Pectinophora gossypiella; Insect control; Natural
enemies; Predators of insect pests; Parasites of insect pests;
Biological control agents; Integrated pest management;
Predator augmentation; Parasitoid augmentation; Literature
reviews
227 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Prospects and status for development of novel chemicals for
IPM in cotton. Menn, J.J.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Oct.
Crop protection v. 10 (5): p. 347-353; 1991 Oct. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Insect pests; Insect control; Chemical
control; Integrated pest management; Insecticides;
Semiochemicals; New products; Product development;
Selectivity; Synthesis; Toxicology; Plant products; Pyrethroid
insecticides; Avermectins; Azadirachtin; Bacillus
thuringiensis; Insect growth regulators; Literature reviews
228 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Rate of increase and adult longevity of Catolaccus grandis
(Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the laboratory of four
temperatures. Morales-Ramos, J.A.; Cate, J.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 620-627; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Anthonomus grandis; Biological
control; Catolaccus; Laboratory rearing; Longevity; Parasites
of insect pests; Reproduction; Temperature
Abstract: The reproductive potential and longevity of adult
females of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (an exotic parasitoid of
the cotton boll weevil) were determined under laboratory
conditions at four constant temperatures (25, 30, 35, and 40
degrees C +/- 1). The resulting data were used to calculate
life tables and rates of increase at each temperature. The
effect of food and water availability on longevity at 25, 30,
and 35 degrees C was evaluated on groups of 10 adult wasps. A
female of C. grandis oviposited means of 679.24, 498.8, 76.15,
and 0.0 eggs at 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees C, respectively,
and had a mean longevity of 63.55, 46.35, 20.8, and 9.0 d at
the same four temperatures respectively. The net reproductive
rate was 58.4, 28.35, 4.3, and 0.0; the daily intrinsic rate
of increase was 0.134, 0.159, 0.082, and 0.0; and the weekly
rate of increase was 1.052, 1.327, 0.692, and 0.0 at 25, 30,
35, and 40 degrees C, respectively. The food treatments that
included honey significantly increased longevity with respect
to those treatments that lacked it. Treatment including only
water did not increase longevity significantly with respect to
the control (no food or water).
229 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1V4
Red-winged blackbird and starling feeding responses on corn
earworm-infested corn.
Okurut-Akol, F.H.; Woronecki, P.P.
Davis, Calif. : University of California; 1990 Jul.
Proceedings ... Vertebrate Pest Conference (14th): p. 296-301;
1990 Jul. Meeting held March 6-8, 1990, Sacramento,
California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Infestation; Feeding
behavior; Turdus merula; Sturnus vulgaris; Crop damage; Insect
control; Biological control; Predators of insect pests
230 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Relationship of Heliothis zea predators, parasitoids and
entomopathogens to canopy development in soybean as affected
by Heterodera glycines and weeds. Alston, D.G.; Bradley, J.R.
Jr; Schmitt, D.P.; Coble, H.D. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic
Publishers; 1991 Mar.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 58 (3): p. 279-288;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Leaves; Plant
development; Helicoverpa zea; Biological control; Beneficial
arthropods; Entomopathogens; Heterodera glycines; Larvae;
Mortality; Population dynamics; Natural enemies; Weeds;
Alternative hosts
231 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Relative abundance of stable fly and house fly (Diptera:
Muscidae) pupal parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae;
Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on confinement dairies in
California.
Meyer, J.A.; Shultz, T.A.; Collar, C.; Mullens, B.A.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (3): p. 915-921; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Dairy cattle; Stomoxys calcitrans;
Musca domestica; Pteromalidae; Staphylinidae; Parasites of
insect pests; Population density; Biological control agents
Abstract: Four dairies in southern California were sampled
weekly from April 1987 through June 1988 to determine the
distribution and relative abundance of stable fly, Stomoxys
calcitrans (L.), and house fly, Musca domestica L., pupal
parasites. Seven parasite species represented approximately
90% of the parasites recovered from stable fly and house fly
pupae, and included Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia
cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, Muscidifurax
raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and
Legner, Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), and Aleochara spp. U.
rufipes had not been previously recorded to parasitize these
hosts in California. Most of the U. rufipes recoveries were
between April and June. The relative abundance of parasites
recovered from stable flies and house flies on four southern
California dairies varied slightly for some species, but the
overall rate of parasitism only ranged from 13.4 to 19.9%. A
limited number of stable fly and house fly pupal collections
from dairies in central California revealed a much lower
proportion of S. cameroni and a higher proportion of S.
endius, when compared with southern California dairies. The
majority of stable fly and house fly pupae sampled at four
southern California dairies were associated with pure manure
substrates. There was no significant difference between the
relative abundance of parasites recovered from stable fly
pupae sampled from manure, manure plus hay, or wet-hay
substrates. Significantly fewer S. nigroaenea and
significantly more M. zaraptor were recovered from house fly
pupae developing in brewer's grain when compared with manure,
manure plus hay, and wet-hay substrates. In pupal samples
which contained both stable flies and house flies, S. cameroni
was recovered significantly more often from stable fly pupae.
In general, there were no significant differences between
stable fly and house fly in parasitism by the seven parasite
species.
232 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Replacing fumigants with beneficial insects.
Kinzel, B.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Feb.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 39 (2): p. 14-16; 1991 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Grain stores; Stored products pests; Pest
control; Beneficial insects; Predators of insect pests;
Biological control agents
233 NAL Call. No.: 1 En82B n.s. no.49
Report on the habits of the kelep, or Guatemalen cotton-boll-
weevil ant. Cook, O. F.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of
Entomology,; 1904. 15 p. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (United States.
Bureau of Entomology) ; no. 49.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Kelep; Boll weevil; Biological control
234 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Reveiw of the biology and control of the Asian corn borer,
Ostrinia furnacalis (Lep: Pyralidae).
Nafus, D.M.; Schreiner, I.H.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jan.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (1): p. 41-56; 1991 Jan.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Ostrinia furnacalis; Oviposition;
Geographical distribution; Life cycle; Diapause; Overlapping
generations; Hosts of plant pests; Larvae; Insect control;
Biological control; Predators of insect pests; Parasites of
insect pests; Biological control agents; Natural enemies;
Cultural control; Trapping; Chemical control; Insecticides;
Economic thresholds; Crop yield; Yield losses; Literature
reviews
235 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
The role of bacterial in the management of Chilo spp.
Brownbridge, M.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 779-783;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chilo; Biological control; Bacillus
thuringiensis; Integrated pest management; Toxicity
Abstract: Most field experiments in the microbial control of
Chilo spp. have been performed using strains of Bacillus
thuringiensis (B. t.). Generally, low levels or control were
obtained, which is probably due to the relatively narrow host
range of the B. t. strains used. B. t. formulations and
different B. t. strains obtained from overseas culture
collections or isolated from material collected in Kenya were
screened for activity against C. partellus. C. partellus was
found to be susceptible to commercial preparations based on B.
t. kurstaki only. The screening and bioassay work on
identified B. t. strains showed differences in the toxicities
of the various subspecies groups for C. partellus. There were
also differences in the toxicity of isolates within the same
subspecies. The most toxic exotic strain obtained was B. t.
entomocidus. Excellent control of C. partellus larvae, on
artificially infested plants, was obtained. Plant damage was
significantly reduced and yield levels increased by 5 to 7
times over the untreated controls. Three strains, M-44-2, A-3,
and A-C-2, gave the best levels of plant protection. Different
methods of applying the pathogen to the crop have also been
investigated. Aqueous suspensions and a granule/powder
formulation have given very good levels or borer control in
screenhouse experiments.
236 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
The role of local natural enemies in population dynamics of
Chilo partellus (Swinh.) (Pyralidae) under subsistence farming
systems in Kenya. Oloo, G.W.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1989.
Insect science and its application v. 10 (2): p. 243-251;
1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo partellus;
Natural enemies; Biological control agents; Population
dynamics; Insect control
237 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Roles of amino acids, protein, and fiber in leaf-feeding
resistance of corn to the fall armyworm.
Hedin, P.A.; Williams, W.P.; Davis, F.M.; Buckley, P.M.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 1977-1995; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spodoptera frugiperda; Feeding behavior; Zea
mays; Leaves; Plant composition; Amino acids; Plant protein;
Fiber; Pest resistance; Interactions; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: The free amino acids have been shown by isolational
work and choice bioassays to be more important than all other
factors evaluated in defining leaf-feeding resistance of corn
(Zea mays L.) to fall armyworm (FAW) [(Spodoptera frugiperda
J.E. Smith)] larvae. 6-MBOA (6-methoxybenzoxazolinone) and
maysin, toxins present in corn, were shown not to be
significant factors for leaf-feeding resistance to first-
instar FAW larvae because of their low concentrations in the
whorl. Amino acid analysis showed that while the ratios of the
essential amino acids in susceptible (S) and resistant (R)
lines were similar, them were differences in the nonessential
amino acids, particularly aspartic acid, which was higher in R
lines. Also, the ratio of essential amino acids to
nonessential amino acids was important, being too low in
expressed whorl leaf juice (obtained from V(8)-V(10) growth
stage plants) to support larval growth, although juice was
stimulatory in choice tests. The total protein content of
whorls in S lines was about 15% higher than in R lines, but
the significance of this difference is uncertain, because
nutritional tests showed that larval growth increased with
total protein only up to 12% protein. Sugars were only
slightly stimulatory. Thus, the amino acids along with higher
hemicellulose content of R lines, established by us earlier,
appear to explain much of the basis of resistance in corn to
larval leaf-feeding of the FAW.
238 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8
Russian wheat aphid: a growing problem for small-grain
farmers. Robinson, J.
Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992 Mar.
Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (1): p. 57-62. ill; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Africa; America; Australia; Hordeum
vulgare; Triticum; Crop damage; Genotypes; Genetic resistance;
Diuraphis noxia; Biological control; Parasites of insect
pests; Predators of insect pests
239 NAL Call. No.: aSB608.W5R97 1992
Russian wheat aphid biological control project manual.. RWA
manual Russian wheat aphid biological control manual, Rev. and
updated / by Robert Flanders.. Flanders, Robert; Odom, Hilary
United States, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, United States,
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Professional
Development Center
Niles, Mich.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine :
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service, Professional Development Center, 1992-; 1992-9999.
1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill. ; 30 cm. Running title: RWA manual.
Cover title: Russian wheat aphid biological control manual.
Accompanied by pamphlet "Russian wheat aphid, how to recognize
this new pest and its damage" (1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col.
ill. ; 22 cm.). Includes index. PDC 04/92-01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Russian wheat aphid; Wheat
240 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27PN
Russian wheat aphid: biology, damage, and management.
Pike, K.S.; Allison, D.
Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
PNW - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho State Universities, Cooperative Extension
Service (371): 23 p.; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Washington; Oregon; Diuraphis noxia;
Insect control; Beneficial insects; Varietal resistance;
Biological control
241 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
Russian wheat aphid management.
Peairs, F.B.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 May.
Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
Oklahoma State University (132): p. 233-241; 1991 May. In the
series analytic: Aphid-Plant Interaction: Populations to
Molecules / edited by D.C. Peters, J.A. Webster, and C.S.
Chlouber. Paper presented at a symposium held August 12-17,
1990, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Insect pests; Insect control;
Integrated pest management
242 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Russian wheat aphid: natural enemies, resistant wheat offer
potential control. Gonzalez, D.; Summers, C.G.; Qualset, C.O.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of California; 1992 Jan.
California agriculture v. 46 (1): p. 32-34; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Diuraphis noxia; Biological control;
Cereals; Parasites of insect pests; Migration; Economic
thresholds; Pest resistance
243 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Screenhouse trials on the potential of Nosema marucae for the
control of Chilo partellus.
Odindo, M.O.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Dec.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 65 (3): p. 283-289;
1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Chilo partellus; Biological control;
Foliar application; Nosema
244 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Screening of exotic and locally isolated Bacillus
thuringiensis (Berliner) strain in Kenya for toxicity to the
spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe).
Brownbridge, M.; Onyango, T.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Jan.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (1): p. 77-81; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo partellus;
Larvae; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Strains;
Screening; Toxicity
245 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Searching strategy of the predator Podisus maculiventris (Say)
(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
Wiedenmann, R.N.; O'Neil, R.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 1-9; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Glycine max; Epilachna varivestis;
Larvae; Population density; Biological control; Podisus
maculiventris; Predators of insect pests; Host-seeking
behavior; Mathematical models; Predation
Abstract: Predation rates for the predator Podisus
maculiventris (Say) on third-instar Epilachna varivestis
Mulsant were measured in field cages in soybeans, Glycine max
L., over 3 yr. Attack rates in the first 2 yr averaged 0.47
attacks per predator per day and were consistently low at low
prey density. Area searched by predators was estimated from
attack rates, and the estimated search area decreased as prey
density increased. In a third field season, attack rates
averaged 0.5 attacks per day at low prey density and increased
linearly at high density. A negative exponential function was
used to develop a model that described search area as a
function of prey density. The model estimated that area
searched ranged from a maximum of 0.50 m2 at zero prey density
to an asymptotic minimum of 0.055 m2 at high prey densities.
Searching less area as prey density increases keeps attack
rates low and consistent at low prey density, and searching a
constant amount of area at high prey density results in
increasing attack rates at higher prey density. The search
strategy may result from balancing energetic costs and
predation risks with the benefits gained from attacking prey.
Also, the strategy may reflect the budgeting of time between
searching and other time-consuming activities (e.g.,
reproduction) by the predator. Determining the search strategy
of predators may provide a better understanding of the
requisites of generalist predators living in ephemeral crop
systems.
246 NAL Call. No.: 420 K13
Seasonal occurrence of Beauveria basssiana in the southwestern
corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Texas High Plains.
Knutson, A.E.; Gilstrap, F.E.
Lawrence, Kan. : The Society; 1990 Apr.
Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society v. 63 (2): p.
243-251; 1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Diatraea grandiosella; Larvae;
Beauveria bassiana; Biological control agents; Seasonality
247 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Seed treatments increase yield of farmer varietal field bean
mixtures in the central African highlands through multiple
disease and beanfly control. Trutmann, P.; Paul, K.B.;
Cishabayo, D.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Oct.
Crop protection v. 11 (5): p. 458-464; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rwanda; Phaseolus vulgaris; Benomyl; Captan;
Carbendazim; Diazinon; Fungicides; Thiram; Seed treatment;
Seed dressings; Plant pathogenic fungi; Colletotrichum
lindemuthianum; Phaeoisariopsis griseola; Phoma exigua;
Fusarium oxysporum; Insect pests; Ophiomyia; Endosulfan; Root
rots; Leaf spotting; Plant density; Crop yield; Subsistence
farming; Integrated pest management; Plant disease control;
Insect control
248 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Significance of medium chain n-alkanes as accompanying
compounds in hemipteran defensive secretions: an investigation
based on the defensive secretion of Coridius janus.
Gunawardena, N.E.; Herath, H.M.W.K.B.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (12): p. 2449-2458; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pentatomidae; Defense; Secretions; Alkanes;
Aldehydes; Toxicity; Insect repellents; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: A mixture of trans-2-hexenal; n-tridecane (60:40,
w/w), the natural combination present in the defensive
secretion of Coridius janus (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae) was
shown by comparison with similar aldehyde mixtures having
longer and shorter chain n-alkanes, to be the optimal
combination as a fumigant and a repellent against three test
insect species, Anoplolepis longipes, Sitotroga cerealella,
and Culex quinquefasciatus. Toxic values obtained for the
three insects, respectively: l/LC50, 1.72, 4.54, and 6.66 ppm
while repellencies were 63%, 50%, and 69%. This study revealed
that among t-2-hexenal: n-alkane combinations those with
medium carbon chains, viz C-11 and C-12, also possessed high
toxicities and repellencies comparable to that of the natural
combination while those with shorter and longer n-alkanes
possessed lower activity. Toxicities and repellencies of n-
alkane series were only moderate to low showing highest toxic
values for n-tridecane at l/LC50, 0.39, 2.32, and 2.32 ppm and
repellencies at 31%, 30%, and 32% for the three test insects,
respectively. This series, nevertheless, showed similar
variation, medium length chains, C-11, C-12, and C-13 showing
comparatively higher activity than other alkanes of shorter
and longer chains. This study also revealed that the fumigant
property of both alkane and aldehyde are of equal importance
while repellency is heavily dependent on the aldehyde.
249 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Small plot testing of a radiation resistant strain of boll
weevil. Villavaso, E.J.; McGovern, W.L.; North, D.T.; Smith,
J.W. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America;
1991. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p.
680-681; 1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research
and Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus
grandis; Insect pests; Pest control; Biological control;
Sterilization
250 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Soil moisture, no-tillage and predator effects on southern
corn rootworm survival in peanut agroecosystems.
Brust, G.E.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Feb.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 58 (2): p. 109-121;
1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Crop damage;
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Biological control;
Cultural control; Formicidae; Irrigation; No-tillage;
Oviposition; Predators of insect pests; Soil arthropods; Soil
water; Survival; Crop yield
251 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Sorghum midge and midge parasitism on Johnsongrass.
Gilstrap, F.E.; Brooks, G.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 431-435; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; Sorghum halepense;
Spikelets; Growth stages; Contarinia sorghicola; Biological
control; Aprostocetus diplosidis; Developmental stages;
Eupelmus australiensis; Parasites of insect pests;
Tetrastichus
Abstract: Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense L., in the soft
dough stage was the optimal spikelet developmental stage for
monitoring sorghum midge and its hymenopterous parasites in
johnsongrass. The soft dough stage contained the greatest
percentage of late instar sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola
(Coquillett) and hymenopterous larvae and pupae. The parasite,
Tetrastichus near blastophagi (Ashmead) emerged significantly
earlier than midge parasites Eupelmus popa Girault,
Aprostocetus diplosidis Crawford, or T. near venustus Gahan.
Mean emergence times for E. popa, A. diplosidis, and T. near
venustus were not significantly different from each other. T.
near blastophagi was obtained only from pedicellate spikelets,
whereas midges and the other three collected parasites were
obtained from both pedicellate and sessile spikelets.
252 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
Soybean: insect, disease, nematode and weed control
recommendations. Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1991 Jan.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (413): 19 p.; 1991 Jan. In subseries: Integrated
Pest Management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Pest control; Plant disease control;
Insecticides; Nematicides; Herbicides; Fungicides; Insect
pests
253 NAL Call. No.: SB205.S7S645
Soybeans: soybean insect management.
Chaplin, J.W.; Sullivan, M.J.
Clemson, S.C. : The Service; 1990 Feb.
Soybean leaflet - Cooperative Extension Service, Clemson
University v.): 8 p.; 1990 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Glycine max; Insect control;
Insects; Integrated pest management; Insecticides
254 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Spatial density dependence in parasitism of Heliothis
virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Microplitis croceipes
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the field. Hopper, K.R.; Powell,
J.E.; King, E.G.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 292-302; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis
virescens; Glabromicroplitis croceipes; Helicoverpa zea;
Parasites of insect pests; Biological control agents
Abstract: A field experiment addressed four questions
concerning the interaction between Microplitis croceipes
(Cresson) and Heliothis spp.: (1) what is the relation between
the proportion of hosts parasitized and host density? (2) does
this relation depend on the size of the areas (spatial scale)
at which it is measured? (3) what is the relation between
parasitoid search rate and host density? and (4) what is the
relation between parasitoid distribution and host
distribution? To answer these questions a cotton-field was
artificially infested with various densities of Heliothis
virescens (F.). M. croceipes was released uniformly across the
field. At the scale of 30 by 60 m plots, the proportion of
hosts parasitized by M. croceipes (adjusted for competition
with other parasitoid species) increased from 0.41 +/- 0.08
(average +/- SE) to 0.60 +/- 0.06 as host density increased
from 6,178 to 16,896 larvae/ha. The calculated search rate
(area searched per parasitoid per unit time) of M. croceipes
was independent of host density, and the density dependence in
parasitism by M. croceipes could be explained completely by
density dependence in adult female distribution. Natural
populations of Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck and Cotesia
marginiventris (Cresson) parasitized 9 and 7%, respectively,
of the hosts collected. At the scale of plots, parasitism by
C. nigriceps increased with host density, but parasitism by C.
marginiventris was independent of host density. At the scale
of 1 by 2 m quadrats, parasitism by all species was
independent of host density. We discuss the implications of
these results for biological control of Heliothis virescens
and Helicoverpa zea and for theories of parasitoid foraging
and population regulation.
255 NAL Call. No.: QL451.J6
Spiders in United States field crops and their potential
effect on crop pests. Young, O.P.; Edwards, G.B.
Lubbock, Tex. : American Arachnological Society; 1990.
The journal of arachnology v. 18 (1): p. 1-27; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Insect pests; Araneae; Integrated pest
management; Biological control agents
256 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development and
damage potential as affected by inherited sterility and host
plant resistance. Carpenter, J.E.; Wiseman, B.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 57-60; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Crop damage; Pest resistance;
Spodoptera frugiperda; Radiation; Sterility; Integrated pest
management
Abstract: Male and female adults of fall armyworm, Spodoptera
frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were exposed to a substerilizing
dose (10 krads) of radiation, and their progeny were reared on
corn, Zea mays L., foliage and meridic diets with varying
concentrations of resistant corn silk. Mean leaf damage
ratings for all corn entries were higher for plants infested
with larvae from nonirradiated adults than for plants infested
with larvae from irradiated males crossed with normal females.
However, the rate of larval establishment on foliage of all
corn entries was not affected by the larval treatment. Larvae
from irradiated males crossed with normal females were equally
competitive with normal larvae in all measured parameters of
laboratory bioassays. Larvae from irradiated females also were
competitive with normal larvae except in early larval
development and time to adult eclosion. The results suggest
that host plant resistance and inherited sterility would be
compatible strategies for managing populations of the fall
armyworm.
257 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Spray efficiency of aerial application of a nuclear
polyhedrosis virus in area-wide treatment of early season
hosts of bollworms/budworms. Bell, M.R.; Hardee, D.D.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 624-626;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis
virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Insect pests; Pest control;
Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses; Biological control; Aerial
application
258 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Spring populations of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) in
cotton fields: to spray or not to spray?.
Zhang, Z.Q.; Chen, P.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 May.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 35 (4): p. 349-351;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Jiangsu; Gossypium; Aphis gossypii; Pest control;
Pesticides; Biological control
259 NAL Call. No.: SB608.C8P46
State of the art in host plant resistance in cotton.
Jenkins, J.N.
New York : Distributor, J. Wiley; 1989.
Pest management in cotton / editors, M.B. Green, D.J. de B.
Lyon. p. 53-69; 1989. (Ellis Horwood series in agrochemical
sciences ;). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cultivars; Pest resistance;
Integrated pest management; Anthonomus grandis; Heliothis
virescens; Pectinophora gossypiella; Meloidogyne incognita;
Disease resistance
260 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Strategies for integrated cotton pest control in the Sudan. 1.
Cultural and legislative measures.
El Amin, E.T.M.; Ahmed, M.A.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (5/6): p. 547-552;
1991. Special issue: Aspects of pest management in relation
to agricultural production and environmental conservation in
Africa / edited by A.M. Alghali, N.K. Maniania, Mbaye Ndoye,
and Z.M. Nyiira. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sudan; Gossypium; Aphis gossypii; Bemisia tabaci;
Helicoverpa armigera; Jacobiasca lybica; Spodoptera
littoralis; Plant pests; Chemical control; Cultural control;
Integrated pest management; Legislation
Abstract: Commercial cotton growing in the Sudan dates from
1867. At present, about 400,000 ha of various cotton cultivars
are grown under different irrigation systems. The production
of this main cash crop has been faced with a multitude of
entomological and pathological problems, some of which were
tackled through the adoption of specific cultural practices or
enforcement of legislative regulations. When cotton treatment
with synthetic organic insecticides was initiated in the mid
1940s against Empoasca lybica de Berg, the impressive
preliminary results have encouraged over-reliance on chemical
control at the expense of other measures. This rather limited
approach of control strategy has contributed partially to the
appearance of new pests in damaging levels e.g. Heliothis
armigera (Hbn.), Bemisia tabaci (Genn), Aphis gossypii (Glov)
and Spodoptera littoralis. The principal measure for their
control is insecticide application. The cost of crop
protection soared to ten-fold during the last 20 years. The
annual number of sprays applied to cotton increased from one
to seven sprays. To overcome the ever increasing use and high
costs of pesticides on cotton growing, the Agricultural
Research Corporation undertook intensive research programmes
to find answers to major crop protection problems. Since 1978
researchers are directing their efforts towards the
development and implementation of integrated pest management
strategies to include cultural and legislative measures, as
well as the use of more selective insecticides.
261 NAL Call. No.: QP609.P78S78
Structure and function of protease inhibitors from legume
seeds and cereal grains and their interaction with digestive
enzymes of stored product insects. Birk, Y.
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development Fund Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD,; 1990.
18 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. "Final report"--Cover. "Project
no. I-927-85"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references
(leaf 18).
Language: English
Descriptors: Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors; Insect pests;
Biological control
262 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Sudanese experience in integrated pest management of cotton.
Abdelrahman, A.A.; Munir, B.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1989.
Insect science and its application v. 10 (6): p. 787-794;
1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sudan; Gossypium; Jacobiasca lybica; Bemisia
tabaci; Helicoverpa armigera; Aphis gossypii; Trichogramma
pretiosum; Parasites of insect pests; Integrated pest
management
263 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Suitability of prey infected by nuclear polyhedrosis virus for
development, survival and reproduction of the predator Nabis
roseipennis (Heteroptera: Nabidae).
Ruberson, J.R.; Young, S.Y.; Kring, T.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1475-1479; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chrysodeixis includens; Larvae; Nuclear
polyhedrosis viruses; Nabis roseipennis; Biological
development; Reproduction; Survival; Biological control agents
Abstract: Consumption of nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected
prey-larvae of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens
(Walker)-by the predator Nabis roseipennis Reuter variously
affected development, survival, and reproduction of the
predators. Nymphs fed infected prey larvae developed
significantly faster at 25 degrees C than nymphs fed
uninfected prey. Nymphal survival was not affected by prey
infection. Preoviposition periods were significantly longer
for predator females maintained on infected prey throughout
their lives than for those receiving uninfected prey during
preimaginal or adult (or both) stages. Daily rates of
oviposition were highest for females that received uninfected
larvae as their nymphal diet, regardless of adult diet. In
contrast, total fecundity was greatest for females receiving
uninfected prey as adults, regardless of the nymphal diet. The
nymphal diet, however, affected total fecundity of females.
Consumption of infected larvae by adult predators
significantly reduced their longevity, irrespective of the
nymphal regimen.
264 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis by Trichogramma nubilale in
sweet corn. Prokrym, D.R.; Adnow, D.A.; Ciborowski, J.A.;
Sreenivasam, D.D. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992
Jul.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 64 (1): p. 73-85;
1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Crop damage; Ostrinia
nubilalis; Biological control; Trichogramma nubilale;
Parasites of insect pests; Rearing techniques
265 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae) by endophytic Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)
Vuillemin.
Bing, L.A.; Lewis, L.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (4): p. 1207-1211; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Beauveria
bassiana; Biological control agents; Insect control
Abstract: The ubiquitous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria
bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was applied to whorl-stage corn
plants, Zea mays L., by foliar application of a granular
formulation of conidia and by injection of a conidial
suspension. Plants were analyzed at harvest for presence of B.
bassiana and for the amount of tunneling by laboratory-reared
European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). In
1989, 98.3% of the foliarly treated plants, 95.0% of the
injected plants, and 33.3% of the nontreated plants were
colonized by B. bassiana at harvest. In 1988, there were no
significant differences between treatment effects on O.
nubilalis tunneling in plants. In 1989, when environmental
conditions were more conducive to fungal growth, tunneling was
significantly greater in the control plants, followed by the
injected and foliarly treated plants. When applied to foliage,
B. bassiana provided the greatest amount of O. nubilalis
suppression. The entomopathogenic fungus colonized the corn
plant at whorl stage, moved within the plant, and persisted to
provide season-long suppression of O. nubilalis.
266 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7
Suppression of pink bollworm by sterile moth releases.
Henneberry, T.J.; Keaveny, D.F. III
Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1985 Apr.
ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service (32): 78 p.; 1985 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; United states virgin Islands; Gossypium
barbadense; Pectinophora gossypiella; Sterile insect release;
Air transport; Biological control
267 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Survey of entomopathogenic fungi naturally infecting cereal
aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) of irrigated grain crops in
southwestern Idaho. Feng, M.G.; Johnson, J.B.; Kish, L.P.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (5): p. 1534-1542. ill; 1990
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Zea
mays; Aphididae; Entomogenous fungi; Entomophthora; Beauveria
bassiana; Verticillium lecanii; Biological control agents
268 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Survival of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) in contact with
residues of insecticides in cotton.
Powell, J.E.; Scott, W.P.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 275-277; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glabromicroplitis croceipes; Biological control
agents; Natural enemies; Parasites of insect pests;
Insecticide resistance; Insecticide residues; Gossypium
hirsutum
269 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Survival of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in
contact with residues of insecticides on cotton.
Powell, J.E.; Scott, W.P.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 346-348; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis
virescens; Glabromicroplitis croceipes; Insecticide residues;
Toxicity; Profenofos; Acephate; Parasites of insect pests;
Biological control agents
Abstract: Survival of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) adults
exposed to residues of insecticides applied at recommended
rates to cotton was measured in 1989. In unsprayed cheek
treatments, survival was 91.4% after 24 h. The
organophosphates profenofos and acephate and the new-
generation pyrethroid bifenthrin were highly toxic to M.
croceipes. All other compounds tested showed some selectivity,
including esfenvalerate, cypermethrin, thiodicarb, oxamyl,
dicrotophos, dimethoate, and cyhalothrin in order of
decreasing survival. The effectiveness of M. croceipes as a
biocontrol agent of the bollworm and tobacco budworm might be
improved through selective use of insecticides to which the
parasitoid is tolerant.
270 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Susceptibility of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and five
pupal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to abamectin and
seven commercial insecticides. Geden, C.J.; Rutz, D.A.; Scott,
J.G.; Long, S.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 435-440; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Musca domestica; Susceptibility; Abamectin;
Biological control; Insecticides; Parasites of insect pests
Abstract: Assays of five commercial insecticides applied as
residual sprays at label rates to plywood indicated the most
toxic insecticide overall for pteromalid parasitoids of house
flies, Musca domestica L., was Atroban (permethrin), followed
by Ciodrin (crotoxyphos), Rabon (tetrachlorvinphos), Ectrin
(fenvalerate), and Cygon (dimethoate). Insecticide-susceptible
house flies were susceptible to all five insecticides
(mortality, 62-100%). Flies that were recently colonized from
populations on dairy farms in New York were susceptible only
to Rabon. Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) was the most susceptible
parasitoid species overall to these insecticides, followed by
Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Nasonia vitripennis
Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), and Spalangia
cameroni Perkins. Compared with susceptible flies, newly
colonized flies showed moderate resistance to avermectin B(1a)
(abamectin). Abamectin was more toxic to all of the
parasitoids except N. vitripennis and S. cameroni than to
newly colonized house flies when exposed for 90 min to plywood
boards treated with 0.001-0.1% abamectin. Space sprays with
Vapona (dichlorvos) killed all of the parasitoids and
susceptible flies and 64% of the newly colonized flies when
insects were placed directly in the path of the spray;
mortality was substantially lower among flies and parasitoids
protected under 5 cm of wheat straw. Space sprays with
Pyrenone (pyrethrins) killed > 86% of all insects exposed to
the spray path except for the newly colonized flies (1%
mortality); mortality of insects protected under straw was low
(< 12%) except for S. cameroni (76%). Because responses of the
five parasitoids to the different insecticides varied
considerably, general conclusions about parasitoid
susceptibility to active ingredients, insecticide class, or
method of application were not possible.
271 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Systematics resources for biological control research.
Gordon, R.D.; Schauff, M.E.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
155-159; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Biological control agents;
Predators; Parasitoids; Taxonomy
272 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Temperature-dependent developmental rates of Catolaccus
grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Morales-Ramos, J.A.; Cate, J.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 22 (1): p. 226-233; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Anthonomus grandis; Biological
control; Catolaccus; Parasites of insect pests; Growth rate;
Temperature
Abstract: The duration of development of Catolaccus grandis
(Burks) (parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus
grandis Boheman) was determined at seven constant
temperatures. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to test
the fit of temperature-dependent developmental rates to the
poikilotherm and Logan models. The mean total developmental
time of C. grandis was significantly shorter in males than in
females. The females completed development in 38.2, 22.5,
18.7, 15.0, 13.3, and 11.8 d from egg to emergence at 18, 21,
24, 27, 30, and 33 degrees C. Development in males required
32.2, 18.0, 15.3, 13.0, 11.8, and 11.1 d from egg to adult at
the same respective temperatures. All individuals were unable
to complete development at 36 degrees C, but they developed
successfully to the fifth instar at this temperature. No
evidence of development was observed at 39 degrees C. The
three models tested fitted the data similarly well; however,
the Logan 1 model is recommended over Logan 2 because of its
simplicity. Developmental rates of the boll weevil and the
native parasitoid Bracon mellitor Say are compared with those
observed on C. grandis. Implications on the adaptability of C.
grandis to the South Texas environment are discussed.
273 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Temperature-dependent functional response of the parasitoid
Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)
attacking rusty grain beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Cucujidae).
Flinn, P.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (3): p. 872-876; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wheat; Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Larvae;
Cephalonomia; Parasites of insect pests; Temperature;
Functional responses; Biological control agents
Abstract: The effects of host density and temperature on the
functional response of the bethylid parasitoid Cephalonomia
waterstoni (Gahan) attacking fourth-instar rusty grain beetle,
Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were examined. Five
temperatures and six host densities were used. A type II
functional response model was fit separately to each
temperature. The maximum attack rate ranged from 7.5 larvae/12
h at 25 degrees C, to 2.9 larvae/12 h at 38 degrees C.
Handling time and instantaneous search rate varied with
temperature. A new functional response equation was developed
in which handling time is a quadratic function of temperature.
This equation explained 83% of the variation in attack rate.
Although instantaneous search rate was also affected by
temperature, it was sufficient to make only handling time a
function of temperature because the two parameters were highly
correlated.
274 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Texas threshold recommendations in cotton: Sample size and
accuracy for Heliothis spp.
Walters, M.L.; Jenkins, O.C.; Walker, J.K.
College Station, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society;
1990 Sep. The Southwestern entomologist v. 15 (3): p. 346-357;
1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Heliothis; Population dynamics;
Insect control; Integrated pest management; Sampling
275 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Three trophic level interactions: allelochemicals, Manduca
sexta (L.), and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner.
Krischik, V.A.; Barbosa, P.; Reichelderfer, C.F.
College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1988
Jun. Environmental entomology v. 17 (3): p. 476-482; 1988 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Manduca sexta; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological
control; Allelopathy; Nicotine; Rutoside; Growth; Insect
control
Abstract: The role of plant allelochemicals in reducing the
ability of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner to
kill larvae of Manduca sexta (L.) was studied by comparing the
effects of the alkaloid nicotine and the flavonoid rutin on
the toxicity of B. thuringiensis. Concentrations of nicotine
and rutin reflecting levels found in tobacco and tomato plants
(0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0% wet weight) were incorporated
into the synthetic diet containing 0.001% B. thuringiensis and
B. thuringiensis-free diet. Survivorship of M. sexta larvae
increased at higher levels of nicotine (0.6, 0.8, 1.0% wet
weight), but higher concentrations of rutin did not increase
larval survivorship. Experiments on colony growth of B.
thuringiensis on nutrient agar containing nicotine or rutin
(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9% wet weight)
demonstrated that nicotine reduced colony growth to a greater
extent than rutin. Consequently, plant allelochemicals
potentially are an important factor in reducing larval
mortality caused by B. thuringiensis on certain crops.
Specialist herbivores that can tolerate high concentrations of
allelochemicals may gain protection from pathogens by feeding
on plants or plant parts with higher levels of toxins.
276 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Thwarting one of cotton's nemeses.
Senft, D.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 39 (8): p. 21-22; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cotton; Integrated pest management;
Pectinophora gossypiella; Crop damage; Genetic engineering;
Sterilization; Sterile insect release; Biological control
277 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Transmission of Nosema pyrausta in adult European corn borers.
Solter, L.F.; Maddox, J.V.; Onstad, D.W.
Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 Mar.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 57 (2): p. 220-226; 1991
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Ostrinia nubilalis; Biological control;
Disease transmission; Fecundity; Longevity; Mating behavior;
Mortality; Nosema pyrausta; Sexual transmission
Abstract: The microsporidium Nosema pyrausta causes a chronic
disease in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. This
disease may be important in the natural regulation of this
pest. We performed two studies to investigate transmission of
the disease in adult European corn borers. In the first study,
adult corn borers became infected when spores were ingested
via a water/food source. In the second study, uninfected
females and their offspring rarely became infected after the
females mated with infected males; however, other sources of
contamination could be implicated when infection did occur. We
determined that infected males mated as effectively as
uninfected males and produced offspring. Levels of infection,
however, may influence these capabilities.
278 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Tritrophic relationships of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera:
Aphididae), a hymenopterous parasitoid (Diaeretiella rapae
McIntosh), and resistant and susceptible small grains.
Reed, D.K.; Webster, J.A.; Jones, B.G.; Burd, J.D.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jun.
Biological control v. 1 (1): p. 35-41; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Triticum; Triticale; Diuraphis
noxia; Pest resistance; Insect control; Biological control;
Parasites of insect pests; Antibiosis; Diaeretiella rapae;
Biological control agents; Trophic levels
279 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Two new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis pathogenic to
Spodoptera litura. Whitlock, V.H.; Lo, M.C.; Kuo, M.H.; Soong,
T.S.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 58 (1): p. 33-39; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Taiwan; Spodoptera litura; Larvae; Mortality;
Pupae; Biological control; Insect control; Bacillus
thuringiensis; Pathogenicity; Soil bacteria
Abstract: Both the standard Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
(HD-1) and the formulated commercial product resulted from
this strain have shown limited pathogenicity against the
tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura). However, two new isolates
of Bacillus thuringiensis (K-2074 and K-2178) isolated from
Taiwan have been identified through an active screening
program to be highly pathogenic against the tobacco cutworm.
In this paper, we present results of characterization and the
pathogenicity of these two new isolates.
280 NAL Call. No.: 421 B87
Two new species of Digonogastra Viereck (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae) parasitic on Neotropical pyralid borers
(Lepidoptera) in maize, sorghum and sugarcane. Wharton, R.A.;
Smith, J.W. Jr; Quicke, D.L.J.; Browning, H.W. London :
Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International; 1989 Sep.
Bulletin of entomological research v. 79 (3): p. 401-410; 1989
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Texas; Gramineae; Saccharum officinarum;
Sorghum; Zea mays; Diatraea; Eoreuma loftini; Biological
control; Braconidae; Descriptions; Male genitalia; Morphology;
New species; Parasites of insect pests
281 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Utilization of an endophytic fungus for insect resistance in
New Zealand ryegrass.
Barker, G.M.; Prestidge, R.A.; Pottinger, R.P.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
1990. Aspects of applied biology (24): p. 279-281; 1990. In
the series analytic: The exploitation of micro-organisms in
applied biology. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Zealand; Lolium perenne; Crop damage; Crop
losses; Pest resistance; Listronotus bonariensis; Larvae;
Resistance mechanisms; Acremonium; Fungal spores; Vertical
transmission; Biological control agents; Insect control
282 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Utilization of natural enemies of Chilo spp. for management in
Africa. Greathead, D.J.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 749-755;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Chilo; Biological control; Insect
control; Microorganisms; Natural enemies
Abstract: Knowledge on the natural enemies of graminaceous
stem borers is outlined, with special reference to mortality
of Chilo spp. as crop pests in Africa. The quantitative scanty
information available suggests that over 90% mortality of eggs
and larvae takes place before the larvae become established as
borers in the crop and that mortality of the older larvae and
pupae is much lower. Possible manipulations of natural enemies
to increase mortality further are reviewed. In view of the
largely negative results of past classical biological control
introductions the prospects do not appear very promising.
However, the results do indicate some possibilities which
should be investigated, notably trials with Apanteles spp.
(Braconidae) and intra-continental redistribution of important
species with restricted distributions. For short-term
biological control, development of microbial biopesticides
seems a more promising strategy than augmentation of insect
parasitoids by breeding and release, particularly on small
farms. A third possibility, enhancement of the action of
native natural enemies by environmental manipulation, merits
more attention as part of an integrated crop production
approach to the improvement of the quantity and reliability of
yields for the small farmer.
283 NAL Call. No.: 420 K13
Vertical transmission of two baculoviruses infectious to the
tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) using an autodissemination technique.
Nordin, G.L.; Brown, G.C.; Jackson, D.M.
Lawrence, Kan. : The Society; 1990 Jul.
Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society v. 63 (3): p.
393-398. ill; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis; Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses; Vertical
transmission; Biological control agents; Transovarial
transmission
284 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Virulence of the nematode (Steinernematids and
Heterorhabditis)-Bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp.) complex to the
Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae).
Glazar, I.; Galper, S.; Sharon, E.
Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 57 (1): p. 94-100; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spodoptera littoralis; Larvae; Mortality;
Biological control; Entomophilic nematodes; Heterorhabditis;
Neoaplectana feltiae; Neoaplectana glaseri; Pathogenicity;
Virulence; Xenorhabdus
285 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Volatiles mediating plant-herbivore-natural enemy
interactions: electroantennogram responses of soybean looper,
Pseudoplusia includens, and a parasitoid, Microplitis
demolitor, to green leaf volatiles. Ramachandran, R.; Norris,
D.M.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1665-1690; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chrysodeixis includens; Microplitis demolitor;
Volatile compounds; Electroantennograms; Parasitoids; Insect
control; Biological control
Abstract: Electroantennograms were recorded from an
herbivore, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae), and a parasitoid, Microplitis demolitor
(Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), exposed to 5- through
12-carbon aliphatic compounds of several chemical classes. The
response of the herbivore was higher for the 6- and/or 7-
carbon hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and ketones.
The response of the parasitoid was higher for the 7- and 8-
carbon hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and ketones. Responses of the
herbivore and the parasitoid to alcohols were similar. Both
the herbivore and the parasitoid were most sensitive to
aldehydes and ketones, and least sensitive to alcohols and
hydrocarbons. Responses of the parasitoid to hydrocarbons,
aldehydes, and ketones were numerically higher than those of
the herbivore. The adaptive significance of differential
olfactory sensitivity between the herbivore and the natural
enemy is discussed in relation to tritrophic interactions
among plants, herbivores, and natural enemies.
286 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7S3
Wasp attacks tarnished plant bugs.
Canton, N.Y. : Agricultural Division, St. Lawrence County
Cooperative Extension Association; 1991 Jan.
St. Lawrence County agricultural news v. 75 (1): p. 13; 1991
Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alfalfa; Insect pests; Biological control;
Peristenus
287 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Wheat aphid] A simple decision support and educational tool
for economic management of the Russian wheat aphid infesting
winter.
Legg, D.E.; Kumar, R.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p. 62-65;
1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid Conference,
January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Integrated pest management;
Computer programming; Computer software; Insect control
288 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Wheat foliage consumption by grasshoppers (Orthoptera:
Acrididae) infected with Melanoplus sanguinipes
entomopoxvirus.
Olfert, O.; Erlandson, M.A.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (6): p. 1720-1724; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Melanoplus sanguinipes;
Entomopoxvirus; Feeding behavior; Biological control agents
Abstract: First-instar grasshoppers infected with Melanoplus
sanguinipes entomopoxvirus consumed 25% less food within 5 d
(75 degree-days (DD), base 10 degrees C) after inoculation
with 5 X 10(3) virus occlusion bodies. Grasshoppers ate 25 and
40% less food by the end of the second week (200 DD, base 10
degrees C) after being infected as first instars with 5 X
10(2) and 5 X 10(3) occlusion bodies per individual,
respectively. When infected as third instars with 1 X 10(4)
and 1 X 10(5) occlusion bodies per individual, grasshoppers
ate 20 and 35% less food by the second week of the study,
respectively. The mean amount of food consumed by infected
grasshoppers over the course of the study was 36, 31, 76, and
57% that of noninfected grasshoppers at dosages of 5 X 10(2)
or 5 X 10(3) occlusion bodies per first instar, and 1 X 10(4)
or 1 X 10(5) occlusion bodies per third instar. This study
suggests that an application of entomopoxvirus to first-instar
grasshoppers will reduce their damage potential by causing
initial mortality, by reducing the amount of plant material
consumed by the surviving grasshoppers, and by preventing
grasshopper maturation and reproduction (at higher doses). The
negative influence of entomopoxvirus on grasshoppers in the
interim between infection and death is integral to future
evaluations of its potential as a crop protection measure.
289 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Winter cover crop suppression practices and natural enemies of
armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in no-till corn.
Laub, C.A.; Luna, J.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 41-49; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Zea mays; Mythimna unipuncta;
Biological control; Glyptapanteles militaris; Natural enemies;
Parasites of insect pests; Tachinidae; Cover crops; Secale
cereale; Mowing; Paraquat; Insect control
Abstract: Rye, Secale cereale L., used as a winter cover crop
was killed by the herbicide paraquat or by mowing with a
rotary mower. In subsequent no-till corn, Glyptapanteles
militaris (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Periscepsia
laevigata (Wulp) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were the most abundant
of twelve species of parasitoids that emerged from field-
collected larvae of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
(Haworth). No effects of cover crop suppression practices were
detected for parasitism rates for any individual species or
for total armyworm parasitism. Seasonal parasitism rates
ranged from 32 to 45%. Higher numbers of Pterostichus spp. and
Scarites spp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and wolf spiders
(Araneae: Lycosidae) occurred early in the corn season in the
mowed cover crop treatment compared with the herbicide killed
cover crop treatment. Subsequent reduction of larval densities
of armyworm in mowed plots following higher predator densities
suggests the role of these generalist predators in biological
control of armyworm.
AUTHOR INDEX
Abd El-Salam, N.M. 66
Abdelrahman, A.A. 262
Adir, H.M. 37
Adnow, D.A. 264
Afun, J.V.K. 34
Ahmed, M.A. 260
Ajayi, O. 209
Akinsola, E.A. 164
Alfatafa, A.A. 100
Alfatafta, A.A. 52
Alghali, A.M. 143
Ali, M. 144
All, J.N. 130
Allison, D. 240
Alston, D.G. 230
Amutalla, P.A. 224
Arbogast, R.T. 147
Arnold, D.C. 93
Ashley, T.R. 150
Attique, M.R. 144
Bahana, J.W. 23
Bai, B. 73
Baldwin, J.L. 15, 54
Bandong, J.P. 69
Barbosa, P. 91, 131, 275
Barker, G.M. 281
Barrett, G.W. 85
Bartelt, R.J. 102
Baty, J. 193
Bayon, I. 121
Behle, R.W. 84
Bell, M.R. 257
Bellows, T.S. Jr 59
Bennett, A.L. 220
Bennett, L.E. 177
Berry, J.S. 98
Bethke, J.A. 72
Bidochka, M.J. 89
Bing, L.A. 19, 265
Birk, Y. 261
Bjostad, L.B. 156
Boethel, D.J. 207
Bong, C.F.J. 113
Borman, S. 17
Bottrell, D.G. 175, 179
Bouncher, J. 112
Bradfisch, G.A. 194
Bradley, J.R. Jr 230
Bridges, D.C. 122
Brinkley, C.K. 212
Brobyn, P.J. 74
Brooks, G.W. 251
Brower, J.H. 114
Brown, G.C. 18, 283
Brownbridge, M. 178, 180, 235, 244
Browning, H.W. 280
Broza, M. 178
Brust, G.E. 79, 173, 250
Buckley, P.M. 237
Bugg, R.L. 50
Bungu, M.D.O. 137
Buntin, G.D. 122, 146
Burd, J.D. 278
Burris, G. 138
Cabanillas, H.E. 221
Cabunagan, R.C. 141
Campion, D.G. 144, 159
Carlson, R.E. 120
Carpenter, J.E. 81, 256
Cate, J.R. 110, 228, 272
Chamberlain, D.J. 144
Chamberlin, J.R. 130
Chandler, L.D. 60, 103, 157
Chaplin, J.W. 253
Chard, J.M. 193
Chen, P. 258
Cheng, W.Y. 123
Chiang, H.C. 172
Chiverton, P.A. 35
Chu, C.C. 71
Ciborowski, J.A. 264
Cishabayo, D. 247
Clement, S.L. 21, 172
Coble, H.D. 230
Coll, M. 175, 179
Collar, C. 231
Cook, O. F. 233
Cooke, L. 32
Critchley, B.R. 144, 159
Cunfer, B.M. 122
Cushman, R. A. 132
Cutler, K. 31
Dandurand, L.M. 174
Danon, Vladimir 30
David, H. 27
Davidson, E.C. 118
Davis, F.M. 237
Davis, P.M. 97
Day, E.R. 94
Dean, A. 66
Dean, D.A. 62
Dedryver, C.A. 128
Dela Cruz, C.G. 69
Dennis, P. 106
Dicko, I.O. 153
Donovan, W.P. 38
Doolittle, R.E. 155
DuRant, J.A. 199
Dutcher, J.D. 50
Easwaramoorthy, S. 27
Edwards, G.B. 255
Ekbom, B.S. 35
El Amin, E.T.M. 260
El Hag, E.T.A. 217
El Titi, A. 162
El-Singaby, N.R. 63
El-Zik, K.M. 45
Elliott, N.C. 33, 42, 93
Erlandson, M.A. 288
Ervin, R.T. 212
Eschen, D.J. 11, 174
Espelie, K.E. 78
Everest, J.W. ú4
Everett, S.L. 52, 100
Felton, G.W. 61
Feng, M.C. 208
Feng, M.G. 22, 88, 181, 201, 267
Ferro, D.N. 101, 191
Fescemyer, H.W. 161
Fick, G.W. 203
Fischhoff, D.A. 168
Flanders, R.V. 33, 93
Flanders, Robert 239
Flinn, P.W. 273
Forschler, B.T. 61
Forster, L. 73
Frank, W.A. 86
French, B.W. 93
Fuxa, J.R. 151
Gage, S.H. 111
Gahukar, R.T. 47
Galper, S. 284
Gaugler, R. 76, 183
Gawron-Burke, M.C. 38
Geden, C.J. 270
Georgis, R. 76
Ghaffar, A. 144
Giebink, B. 169, 170
Gilstrap, F. 107, 121
Gilstrap, F.E. 1, 124, 205, 246, 251
Glazar, I. 284
Glazer, I. 43
Gonzalez, D. 1, 107, 124, 242
Gordon, R.D. 271
Graves, J.B. 15, 54, 138
Greathead, D.J. 282
Gross, P. 131
Guang, L.Q. 115
Guerra, A.A. 125, 213
Gunawardena, N.E. 248
Haas, M.J. 129
Halbert, S.E. 181, 201
Hall, F.R. 46
Hanson, F.E. 161
Hara, A.H. 28, 183
Hardee, D.D. 53, 171, 257
Hardin, B. 182
Harman, J.L. 52, 100
Harmer, S.L. 194
Hasanuddin, A. 141
Hayden, T.P. 89
Hazzard, R.V. 101
Heath, R.R. 155, 196
Hedin, P.A. 80, 210, 237
Hegazi, E.M. 63
Hein, G.L. 33
Henneberry, T. J. 139
Henneberry, T.J. 71, 216, 266
Herath, H.M.W.K.B. 248
Herbert, D.A. 94
Hibbard, B.E. 156
Hibino, H. 141
Higley, L.G. 192
Hinds, W. E. 225
Hodgson, C.J. 34
Hoffmann, D.F. 216
Holder, W. 39
Holtzer, T.O. 98
Hood, Clifford E. 132
Hopper, K.R. 254
Horak, E. 223
Irwin, M.E. 90
Isenhour, D.J. 78
Jackai, L.E.N. 34
Jackson, D.M. 18, 197, 283
Janssne, J.A.M. 73
Jech, L.F. 216
Jenkins, J.N. 80, 259
Jenkins, O.C. 274
Johansen, C. 9, 140
Johnson, D.R. 55
Johnson, D.W. 18
Johnson, G.D. 190
Johnson, J.B. 11, 22, 181, 201, 267
Johnson, J.W. 146
Johnson, M.W. 28
Johnson, T.B. 38
Jones, B.G. 278
Jones, T.H. 99
Karner, M.A. 33
Kauffman, W.C. 195
Kaya, H.K. 76, 183
Keaster, A.J. 172
Keaveny, D.F. III 266
Kemp, J.C. 85
Kemper, J. 131
Khachatourians, G.G. 89
Khidr, A.A. 159
Kieckhefer, R.W. 93
Kilori, J. 222
Kilori, J.T. 137
Kindler, S.D. 93, 149
King, E.G. 95, 226, 254
Kinney, K. 102
Kinzel, B. 232
Kish, L.P. 267
Klein, M. 43
Klubertanz, T.H. 120
Klun, J.A. 92
Knauf, T.A. 185
Knudsen, G.R. 11, 174
Knutson, A.E. 246
Kring, T.J. 24, 188, 205, 218, 263
Krischik, V.A. 275
Krueger, H.R. 46
Kuhlman, Donald E. 2
Kumar, R. 287
Kuo, M.H. 279
Lacewell, R.D. 67, 108
Lajeunesse, S.E. 190
Lame, M.L. 13
Landis, D. 169, 170, 211
Landis, D.A. 111, 129
LaRoche, S.L. 195
Larson, L.V. 37
Laster, M.L. 171
Laub, C.A. 289
Laubscher, J.M. 58
Lebeck, L.M. 28, 183
Lee, M.R. 118
Lee, R.E. Jr 118
Legg, D.E. 177, 287
Leonard, B.R. 138
Lester, D.G. 21
Levine, E. 104, 167
Lewis, L.C. 19, 40, 102, 265
Lewis, W.J. 117
Lidell, M.C. 64
Lin, G.Q. 87
Lin, H. 119
Linker, M. 142
Litsinger, J.A. 69
Liu, L.Y. 87
Lo, M.C. 279
Loera, J. 221
Lomas, J. 74
Long, D.W. 138
Long, S.J. 270
Lubega, M.C. 206
Luck, R.F. 73
Lumaban, M.D. 69
Luna, J.M. 289
Lynch, R.E. 152, 153, 154
Maddox, J.V. 65, 277
Malvar, T. 38
Manley, D.G. 133, 134
Manwan, I. 141
Mardell, S.K. 74
Maredia, K.M. 111
Mask, P. 4
Masud, S.M. 67
Mayer, D.F. 140
McCarthy, J.C. 210
McClendon, R.W. 68, 176
McConnell, J.A. 218
McCutcheon, G.S. 160
McGovern, W.L. 249
McGuire, M.R. 6, 96, 102
McKinlay, R.G. 193
McKinnon, L. 107
McKinnon, L.K. 1, 124
McNeill, P.J. 50
McVeigh, L.J. 159
Medvecky, B.A. 49
Menn, J.J. 227
Mercadier, G. 148
Meyer, J.A. 231
Meyer, W.L. 184
Michels, G. 121
Michels, G.J. Jr 33, 84
Micinski, S. 138
Minja, E.M. 165
Mitchell, E.R. 75, 196
Moawad, G. 159
Mohammad Shalid 139
Mohyuddin, A.I. 26
Morales-Ramos, J.A. 95, 110, 228, 272
Mullen, M.A. 147
Mullens, B.A. 231
Mullin, C.A. 52, 100
Mumford, J.D. 99
Munir, B. 262
Nafus, D.M. 234
Nakache, Y. 43
Navon, A. 43
Nechols, J.R. 93
Nel, A. 220
Neupane, F.P. 12
Ngode, L. 136
Nordin, G.L. 18, 283
Norman, J.M. 98
Norris, D.M. 12, 285
North, D.T. 249
Norton, G.A. 99
Nowierski, R.M. 88, 208
Noyes, J.S. 51
Nuessly, G.S. 72
Nyffeler, M. 62
O'Brien, P.J. 15, 53, 138
O'Neil, R.J. 109, 245
Ochieng-Odero, J.P.R. 137
Odero, T.A. 224
Odhiambo, R.C. 222
Odhiambo, T.R. 16
Odindo, M.O. 163, 215, 222, 224, 243
Odom, Hilary 239
Okeyo, A.P. 136
Okurut-Akol, F.H. 229
Olfert, O. 288
Oloo, G.W. 115, 222, 236
Oloumi-Sadeghi, H. 104, 167
Omolo, E.O. 136
Onstad, D.W. 65, 277
Onyango, F.O. 137
Onyango, T. 244
Opondo-Mbai, M. 224
Orellana M, G.J. 105
Orson, J.H. 145
Otieno, W.A. 222
Ott, S.L. 146
Ouedraogo, A.P. 153, 154
Overholt, W.A. 41
Paine, T.D. 72
Pair, S.D. 221
Panduro, A.P. 91
Parajulee, M.N. 158
Parencia, C.R. 204
Parrott, W.L. 80
Patterson, M.G. 4
Paul, K.B. 247
Peairs, F.B. 184, 241
Pedigo, L.P. 97, 120
Pereira, R.M. 10
Perfecto, I. 14, 126
Phelan, P.L. 119
Phillips, T.W. 158
Pierce, W. Dwight 132
Pierre, J.S. 128
Pike, K.S. 21, 240
Plapp, F.W. Jr 20
Poprawski, T.J. 148, 184
Pottinger, R.P. 281
Powell, D.A. 59
Powell, J.E. 171, 226, 254, 268, 269
Power, A.G. 203
Prestidge, R.A. 281
Prokrym, D.R. 264
Proveaux, A.T. 155
Purcell, M. 28
Qualset, C.O. 242
Quicke, D.L.J. 280
Rajabalee, A. 166
Rajapakse, R.H.S. 150
Ramachandran, R. 285
Raulston, J.R. 221
Redak, R.A. 72
Reed, D.K. 33, 42, 93, 149, 278
Reed, H.C. 42
Reed, J.P. 46
Rees, D.P. 77
Reichelderfer, C.F. 275
Reid, C.D. 5
Reynoso, T.Y. 71
Riggin, T.M. 78
Robacker, K.M. 213
Roberts, D.W. 10
Robinson, J. 219, 238
Robinson, J.R.C. 67, 108
Rodenhouse, N.L. 85
Rodriguez-del-Bosque, L.A. 200
Rolston, L. H. 198
Ruberson, J.R. 263
Rupar, M.J. 38
Rutz, D.A. 270
Sajap, A.S. 40
Sama, S. 141
Sands, D.C. 88
Saxena, K.N. 136
Scharen, A.L. 88
Schauff, M.E. 271
Scheepmaker, J.W.A. 117
Schmitt, D.P. 230
Schmitz, V. 128
Schreiner, I.H. 234
Schuster, M.F. 64
Schwarz, M. 92
Scott, J.G. 270
Scott, W.P. 204, 268, 269
Scriber, J.M. 111
Sechser, B. 189
Senft, D. 276
Serino, A.A. 52, 100
Seshu Reddy, K.V. 56, 136, 206
Severson, R.F. 197
Shaaban, M.A. 63
Shani, A. 8
Sharma, H.C. 116
Sharon, E. 284
Shasha, B.S. 6, 96, 102
Showers, W.B. 172
Shultz, T.A. 231
Siegel, J.P. 65
Sikorowski, P.P. 113
Sisson, V.A. 197
Slaney, A.C. 38
Slosser, J.E. 86
Smith, J. 69
Smith, J.W. 204, 249
Smith, J.W. Jr 41, 200, 280
Sneh, B. 178
Snodgrass, G.L. 57
Solter, L.F. 277
Soong, T.S. 279
Sparks, A.N. 172
Springer, T.L. 149
Sreenivasam, D.D. 264
Stansly, P.A. 105
Stary, P. 107, 124
Steffey, Kevin Lloyd, 2
Steinkraus, D.C. 24, 188
Stephens, B. 73
Stephenson, M.G. 197
Sterling, W.L. 62, 66, 212
Stinner, B.R. 83
Streett, D.A. 96
Strong-Gunderson, J.M. 118
Sullivan, M.J. 253
Sum, K.O.S. 206
Summers, C.G. 242
Szmedra, P.I. 68, 176
Taksdal, G. 44
Terry, L.I. 202
Tester, C.F. 127
Thomas, M.B. 70
Thresh, J.M. 90
Tingle, F.C. 75, 196
Tollefson, S. 135
Tonhasca, A. Jr 83
Trutmann, P. 247
Tugwell, N.P. 188
Tumlinson, J.H. 117, 155
Turlings, T.C.J. 117, 155
Uebel, E.C. 92
United States, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, United States,
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Professional
Development Center 239
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development Fund 261
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative
Extension Service 3
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative
Extension Service, Illinois, Natural History Survey
Division 2
Vail, P.V. 216
Vega, F.E. 91
Vet, L.E.M. 117
Villalobos, F.J. 214
Villavaso, E.J. 249
Von Wechmar, M.B. 58
Waddill, V.H. 150
Walker, C.B. 33
Walker, J.K. 274
Walters, M.L. 274
Wang, R. 107
Wang, Z.G. 174
Warshaw, A.R. 48
Weber, D.C. 191
Webster, J.A. 278
Weinzierl, R. 36
Weinzierl, Richard A. 3
Wetzstein, M.E. 68
Wharton, R.A. 1, 124, 280
Wheatley, J.A.C. 207
Whitlock, V.H. 279
Wiedenmann, R.N. 245
Wiktelius, S. 35
Wilding, N. 74
Williams, W.P. 237
Wilson, A.D.Π21
Wilson, J.A. Jr 199
Wintersteen, W.K. 192
Wiseman, B.R. 81, 256
Witkowski, J.F. 172
Wolfersberger, M.G. 186
Wolley, J. 107
Woolley, J.B. 1, 124
Woronecki, P.P. 229
Wraight, S.P. 148, 184
Wratten, S.D. 70, 74, 106
Wright, J.E. 60, 103, 157
Yearian, W.C. 24
Young, J.E.B. 99
Young, O.P. 255
Young, S.Y. 24, 61, 263
Yu, D.S. 82
Zaki, M. 159
Zalom, F.G. 49
Zareh, N. 107
Zdarkova, E. 223
Zehnder, G.W. 94
Zeng, Z. 208
Zhang, A. 187
Zhang, G. 107
Zhang, J. 107
Zhang, Z.Q. 258
Zimmerman, D.M. 85
Zuniga, E. 25
SUBJECT INDEX
Abamectin 270
Acephate 269
Acremonium 21, 281
Acyrthosiphon kondoi 50
Acyrthosiphon pisum 50
Adaptation 161
Adhesion 6
Adjuvants 96
Advisory centers 94
Aerial application 257
Africa 47, 163, 164, 189, 238, 282
Agathis (hymenoptera) 199
Age 110
Aggregation pheromones 87
Agricultural regions 68
Agricultural research 47
Agropyron 190
Agrotis ipsilon 46, 83, 104, 169, 170
Air 8
Air transport 266
Alberta 82
Aldehydes 248
Alfalfa 286
Alginates 10
Alkaloids 131
Alkanes 248
Allelochemicals 80, 131, 196
Allelopathy 275
Allorhogas 41
Alloxysta 205
Alpha-tocopherol 12
Alternative farming 85
Alternative hosts 230
America 238
Amino acid sequences 38
Amino acids 80, 186, 237
Amylases 31
Analogs 92, 161
Animal behavior 92, 150
Animal competition 150
Anisopteromalus calandrae 147
Antagonists 194
Anthocoridae 158
Anthonomus grandis 60, 68, 86, 95, 103, 110, 125, 157, 204,
210, 212, 213, 226, 228, 249, 259, 272
Antibiosis 278
Anticarsia gemmatalis 151
Antifeedants 52, 100, 131
Apanteles diatraeae 200
Aphelinidae 201
Aphelinus 82, 190, 205
Aphelinus asychis 33, 148
Aphididae 70, 88, 90, 133, 201, 267
Aphidius colemani 33
Aphidius ervi 208
Aphidius matricariae 33, 42, 93
Aphidoidea 11, 15, 58, 111, 217
Aphis craccivora 34
Aphis gossypii 15, 53, 57, 188, 258, 260, 262
Apion 220
Apis mellifera 9
Application 3
Application date 34, 71, 74, 178
Application methods 4
Application rates 4
Aprostocetus diplosidis 251
Arachis hypogaea 79, 152, 153, 154, 250
Araneae 66, 255
Arizona 135, 202, 266
Arkansas 24, 188
Arthropod pests 47, 85, 116, 144
Asaphes lucens 205
Ash 49
Astigmata 223
Australia 51, 238
Autographa californica 18
Availability 111
Avena sativa 278
Avermectins 227
Azadirachtin 227
Bacillus thuringiensis 6, 19, 20, 38, 102, 178, 180, 182,
193, 227, 235, 244, 275, 279
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 37
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 49, 186
Bacteria 222
Barium 186
Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus 90
Bassus 123
Beauveria 123
Beauveria bassiana 10, 11, 19, 60, 86, 89, 103, 157, 174,
182, 246, 265, 267
Beauveria brongniartii 89
Bembidion lampros 35
Bemisia tabaci 59, 72, 260, 262
Beneficial arthropods 230
Beneficial insects 36, 219, 232, 240
Benomyl 247
Bioassays 75, 156, 157, 180, 197
Biological control 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19,
20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47,
49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 57, 59, 60, 64, 66, 70, 73, 74, 75, 77,
78, 80, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 100, 103, 105, 109, 110,
117, 118, 119, 125, 126, 128, 132, 136, 137, 149, 150, 151,
155, 156, 157, 161, 163, 165, 166, 167, 171, 178, 179, 180,
185, 187, 190, 193, 194, 196, 197, 198, 205, 207, 210, 211,
213, 214, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 228, 229, 230,
233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249,
250, 251, 257, 258, 261, 264, 266, 270, 272, 275, 276, 277,
278, 279, 280, 282, 284, 285, 286, 289
Biological control agents 11, 21, 22, 25, 28, 33, 37, 41, 42,
46, 48, 50, 55, 58, 61, 62, 63, 65, 72, 76, 79, 82, 83, 84,
86, 93, 98, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115,
120, 121, 123, 124, 127, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 158, 173,
174, 175, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 188, 189, 195, 199, 200,
201, 208, 212, 216, 218, 220, 222, 223, 226, 231, 232, 234,
236, 246, 254, 255, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 278,
281, 283, 288
Biological development 263
Biotechnology 7
Body weight 40
Boll weevil 132, 225, 233
Bolls 71, 159
Bombyx mori 115
Bracon hebetor 123
Bracon mellitor 125, 213
Braconidae 63, 160, 201, 280
Brassica napus 44
Burkina faso 152, 153, 154
Busseola fusca 49, 115, 137, 222
Calcium 186
Calcium ions 194
California 59, 71, 231, 242, 276
Canada 167, 190
Captan 247
Carabidae 46, 173
Carbaryl 96
Carbendazim 247
Carbofuran 126
Carya illinoensis 50
Catolaccus 95, 110, 125, 228, 272
Celama sorghiella 130
Cephalonomia 273
Cereals 11, 25, 51, 58, 70, 88, 145, 162, 163, 165, 178, 180,
219, 242
Chelonus insularis 150
Chemical composition 8
Chemical control 34, 49, 53, 69, 97, 99, 143, 159, 165, 166,
209, 211, 227, 234, 260
Chemoreceptors 161
Cheyletus eruditus 223
Chilo 16, 26, 27, 56, 164, 166, 206, 215, 235, 282
Chilo orichalcociliellus 165
Chilo partellus 23, 115, 137, 163, 165, 180, 215, 222, 224,
236, 243, 244
Chilo sacchariphagus 165
China 107, 187
Chlorfenvinphos 44
Chlorpyrifos 46, 126
Chrysodeixis includens 263, 285
Clavibacter xyli 127
Clavigralla tomentosicollis 143
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis 69
Coastal areas 105
Coccinella 217
Coccinella septempunctata 50, 111, 218
Coccinella undecimpunctata 217
Coccinellidae 50, 195
Cold resistance 118
Coleomegilla maculata 101, 175
Coleoptera 38, 173
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum 247
Colorado 33, 184
Computer analysis 212
Computer hardware 177
Computer programming 287
Computer software 177, 287
Conidia 74, 157
Conidiobolus obscurus 89
Conidiobolus thromboides 22
Coniesta ignefusalis 209
Contarinia sorghicola 251
Control 3
Copidosoma 51
Corn 30, 198
Corridor systems 85
Cost benefit analysis 34, 66, 69, 212
Cost effectiveness analysis 146
Costs 68, 192
Cotesia 131
Cotesia flavipes 41
Cotesia marginiventris 17, 78, 117, 150, 155
Cotton 210, 225, 276
Cover crops 50, 289
Crop damage 14, 19, 34, 44, 46, 49, 69, 146, 169, 170, 193,
229, 238, 250, 256, 264, 276, 281
Crop growth stage 143
Crop losses 51, 66, 133, 134, 157, 281
Crop management 171
Crop production 135, 212
Crop quality 135
Crop residues 127
Crop yield 34, 44, 69, 71, 85, 143, 144, 159, 234, 247, 250
Cross pollination 159
Cryptolestes ferrugineus 118, 273
Cryptolestes pusillus 118
Cucumis sativus 59
Cultivars 16, 44, 116, 141, 143, 146, 164, 207, 259
Cultural control 54, 56, 99, 141, 166, 167, 234, 250, 260
Curculionidae 7, 185
Cycloneda 33
Cypermethrin 143
Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses 113
Dairy cattle 231
Dalbulus elimatus 91
Dalbulus maidis 14, 91, 126
Ddt 49
Decision making 34, 69, 97, 212
Decomposition 127
Defense 248
Defoliants 71
Defoliation 71, 105
Delia coarctata 99
Delia floralis 44
Delia radicum 44
Deltas 68
Deraeocoris 57
Descriptions 51, 280
Desiccants 43
Desmodium 196
Destruxins 194
Developmental stages 251
Diabrotica barberi 167
Diabrotica undecimpunctata 48
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi 10, 79, 173, 250
Diabrotica virgifera 6, 52, 83, 100, 156, 167
Diaeretiella rapae 42, 93, 149, 205, 278
Diagnosis 58
Diapause 82, 172, 234
Diatomite 49
Diatraea 200, 280
Diatraea grandiosella 41, 182, 246
Diazinon 247
Diet 78
Dimethoate 34, 143
Dinoderus minutus 77
Diptera 91, 184
Discrimination 63
Disease resistance 259
Disease transmission 90, 141, 277
Disease vectors 90, 91, 141
Diseases and injuries 3
Diseases and pests 198, 225
Dispersal 65
Disulfoton 146
Diuraphis 190
Diuraphis noxia 1, 11, 21, 22, 33, 42, 58, 82, 93, 107, 121,
124, 148, 149, 177, 181, 184, 190, 195, 219, 238, 240, 241,
242, 271, 278, 287
Dosage 44
Double cropping 122
Doughs 119
Dry beans 211
Dry conditions 88
Earias insulana 43
East Africa 165
Ecology 111
Econometric models 69
Economic analysis 67, 108, 192
Economic impact 212
Economic thresholds 34, 69, 234, 242
Ecosystems 126, 164
Ecuador 105
Egypt 159
Eldana saccharina 115
Electroantennograms 285
Elymus trachycaulus 149
Emergence 97
Enantiomers 87
Encapsulation 6, 96, 102
Encarsia formosa 72
Endophytes 21
Endosulfan 49, 247
Endotoxins 127, 186
England 106
Entomogenous fungi 88, 89, 95, 181, 184, 185, 213, 222, 267
Entomopathogenic bacteria 20, 38
Entomopathogenic protozoa 224
Entomopathogens 214, 230
Entomophilic nematodes 43, 76, 104, 183, 284
Entomophthora 184, 267
Entomophthora planchoniana 74
Entomophthorales 22, 88
Entomopoxvirus 96, 288
Environmental factors 110
Environmental impact 47, 192
Eoreuma loftini 280
Ephestia cautella 8, 114
Ephestia kuehniella 73
Epidemiology 90, 141
Epilachna varivestis 109, 245
Equations 208
Eretmocerus 59
Erynia 22
Erynia neoaphidis 74, 89, 128
Erynia radicans 148
Ethanol production 7
Eulophidae 220
Eupelmus 64
Eupelmus australiensis 251
Euphorbia pulcherrima 72
European corn borer 30, 198, 198
Expert systems 99
Extracts 75
Farm inputs 69
Farmers 136
Fecundity 40, 110, 128, 277
Federal programs 68
Feeding behavior 12, 62, 101, 130, 229, 237, 288
Fertility 59
Fiber 237
Field crops 2, 36, 192, 203
Field experimentation 105
Field tests 55, 60, 180
Floodlands 143
Fodder 143
Foliar application 243
Foliar spraying 143
Fonofos 46
Food composition 119
Forage crops 2
Formicidae 14, 126, 250
Formulations 6, 10, 19, 60, 96, 102, 159, 163
Frankliniella 50
Functional responses 110, 273
Fungal antagonists 45
Fungal diseases 67
Fungal spores 281
Fungicides 45, 247, 252
Fungus control 162
Funnel traps 144
Fusarium oxysporum 247
Gamma radiation 81
Genes 38, 127
Genetic control 141
Genetic engineering 31, 276
Genetic resistance 238
Genetic transformation 127
Genetic variation 127
Genotypes 78, 116, 238
Geographical distribution 51, 64, 166, 234
Georgia 50, 78, 122, 146, 147, 152, 153, 154, 172, 256
Gibbium psylloides 118
Glabromicroplitis croceipes 171, 254, 268, 269
Gliocladium roseum 182
Glischrochilus 119
Glischrochilus quadrisignatus 119
Glycine max 12, 61, 85, 94, 105, 109, 120, 122, 151, 207,
230, 245, 252, 253
Glyptapanteles militaris 289
Goniozus 123
Gossypium 13, 37, 43, 57, 66, 110, 125, 157, 159, 168, 189,
196, 210, 227, 228, 258, 260, 262, 272, 274
Gossypium barbadense 266
Gossypium hirsutum 15, 20, 24, 32, 45, 47, 53, 54, 55, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 71, 80, 86, 95, 103, 108, 135, 138,
144, 171, 176, 185, 188, 202, 204, 212, 213, 220, 226, 249,
254, 257, 259, 268, 269
Gossypol 80
Grain 3, 34, 69, 143
Grain crops 89
Grain stores 31, 77, 118, 147, 158, 223, 232
Gramineae 51, 56, 178, 280
Granules 19
Great Britain 145
Gross margins 69
Growth 174, 275
Growth models 68, 97
Growth rate 272
Growth stages 251
Habitat selection 111
Habitats 70, 111
Hawaii 28, 59, 183
Heat sums 97
Helianthus annuus 52, 100
Helicoverpa armigera 43, 260, 262
Helicoverpa zea 5, 24, 28, 32, 61, 73, 81, 94, 113, 130, 171,
191, 196, 204, 212, 216, 221, 226, 229, 230, 254, 257, 269
Heliothis 274, 283
Heliothis subflexa 196
Heliothis virescens 18, 20, 24, 32, 57, 75, 80, 171, 194,
196, 197, 204, 212, 216, 226, 254, 257, 259, 269
Hemiptera 66
Herbicides 4, 252
Heterodera glycines 230
Heterorhabditis 183, 284
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 7, 76
Hippodamia 84
Hippodamia convergens 50
Hippodamia variegata 33, 217
Histopathology 113
Honey-getting capacity 159
Honeybees 159
Hordenine 131
Hordeum vulgare 90, 184, 190, 193, 201, 219, 238, 267
Host parasite relationships 63, 72, 110, 131, 150
Host preferences 115
Host specificity 72
Host-seeking behavior 110, 117, 155, 245
Hosts of plant pests 16, 165, 234
Hydrellia philippina 69
Hymenoptera 41, 64, 184
Hypera postica 29
Hyphae 174
Ice nucleation 118
Ichneumonidae 23, 129, 160
Idaho 11, 181, 201, 208, 240, 267
Illinois 3, 5, 65, 102, 104, 277
Immunofluorescence 58
In vitro 125
In vitro culture 213
Incidence 64
Indiana 245
Infection 74, 128
Infestation 94, 143, 229
Inhibition 92, 186, 194
Insect attractants 119, 156, 191
Insect control 4, 8, 12, 20, 34, 47, 49, 53, 55, 56, 69, 73,
75, 80, 87, 92, 95, 96, 97, 100, 111, 117, 119, 137, 143, 155,
156, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 169, 170, 171, 178, 179, 182,
194, 196, 197, 201, 203, 204, 210, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219,
226, 227, 229, 234, 236, 237, 240, 241, 247, 248, 253, 265,
274, 275, 278, 279, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289
Insect growth regulators 227
Insect pests 2, 3, 4, 31, 53, 55, 62, 76, 103, 105, 108, 109,
123, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 143, 150, 152, 153, 154, 169,
170, 174, 179, 185, 189, 192, 202, 203, 211, 212, 226, 227,
241, 247, 249, 252, 255, 257, 261, 286
Insect repellents 156, 248
Insect traps 119, 167
Insect viruses 58, 215, 222
Insecticidal action 19, 126, 157
Insecticide residues 268, 269
Insecticide resistance 47, 138, 268
Insecticides 4, 15, 20, 46, 53, 54, 69, 99, 108, 134, 144,
159, 167, 169, 170, 189, 192, 202, 211, 227, 234, 252, 253,
270
Insects 54, 253
Integrated control 44, 56, 141, 144, 145, 159, 162, 203
Integrated pest management 9, 13, 16, 34, 39, 45, 48, 53, 54,
67, 68, 69, 71, 81, 85, 90, 94, 97, 99, 108, 112, 113, 116,
122, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 146, 152,
153, 154, 160, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 172, 176, 177, 189,
191, 192, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 226, 227, 235, 241, 247,
253, 255, 256, 259, 260, 262, 274, 276, 287
Interactions 80, 126, 147, 149, 237
Intercropping 16, 83, 136
Interspecific competition 150
Ion transport 194
Iowa 19, 120, 172, 265
Iran 107
Irrigated conditions 14, 88
Irrigation 250
Irrigation scheduling 71
Isolation 156, 180
Jacobiasca lybica 260, 262
Jars 8
Jiangsu 258
Kansas 93
Kazakh ssr 82
Kelep 233
Kentucky 18
Kenya 23, 49, 115, 136, 163, 178, 180, 206, 215, 222, 224,
236, 244
Labor costs 69
Laboratory rearing 84, 137, 158, 224, 228
Laboratory tests 114
Lambda-cyhalothrin 34
Landscape 129
Larvae 40, 63, 78, 84, 97, 102, 113, 150, 160, 172, 186, 193,
230, 234, 244, 245, 246, 263, 273, 279, 281, 284
Lasius 173
Leaf spotting 247
Leafhoppers 211
Leaves 127, 197, 230, 237
Legislation 260
Lepidoptera 17, 163, 168
Leptinotarsa decemlineata 101
Leucopis 195
Life cycle 29, 169, 170, 234
Life history 42
Life tables 179
Light traps 94
Lines 165
Lint 71
Listronotus bonariensis 281
Literature reviews 26, 27, 47, 56, 116, 165, 166, 167, 203,
206, 226, 227, 234
Lixophaga 199
Lixophaga diatraeae 123
Lolium perenne 21, 281
Longevity 40, 59, 78, 228, 277
Loss prevention 69
Louisiana 15, 54, 151, 249
Lycopersicon esculentum 61
Lydella thompsoni 199
Lygus 226
Lysiphlebus testaceipes 15, 205
Macrocentrus 41
Macrocentrus grandii 65
Maize 77, 147
Maize rayado fino marafivirus 91
Maize starch 10
Male genitalia 280
Manduca sexta 73, 131, 186, 275
Maruca testulalis 34, 143, 222
Maryland 175, 179
Mass rearing 115, 125
Mathematical models 110, 192, 245
Mating behavior 277
Mating disruption 144, 166
Mauritius 166
Mayetiola destructor 64, 122, 146
Medicago sativa 9, 29, 111, 140
Megachile rotundata 9
Megalurothrips sjostedti 34
Melanoplus sanguinipes 96, 288
Meloidogyne incognita 259
Melolontha 214
Membrane potential 194
Membranes 186
Mermithidae 187
Mesostigmata 173, 223
Metabolites 194
Metagonistylum minense 123
Metarhizium anisopliae 10, 194
Metopolophium dirhodum 22, 25, 74, 181
Mexico 91, 200, 214, 219, 221, 280
Michigan 111, 129
Microctonus 29
Microencapsulation 159
Microgaster 150
Microhabitats 175, 179
Microorganisms 27, 282
Microplitis demolitor 285
Microspora 163
Midgut 186
Migration 242
Millets 26, 206
Minnesota 172, 264
Miridae 66
Mississippi 57, 176, 254, 257
Missouri 172
Mite control 47, 223
Mites 226
Mixed cropping 209
Mode of action 157
Monitoring 34, 167, 178
Monoculture 85
Montana 88, 190
Morphology 51, 280
Mortality 10, 18, 60, 96, 131, 150, 179, 230, 277, 279, 284
Mowing 289
Musca domestica 231, 270
Mycelium 10
Mycoplasma-like organisms 91
Mythimna convecta 51
Mythimna separata 187
Mythimna unipuncta 83, 191, 289
Myzus persicae 101
Nabis roseipennis 263
Natural enemies 26, 47, 50, 70, 109, 164, 179, 182, 205, 226,
230, 234, 236, 268, 282, 289
Nebraska 33, 172
Nematicides 252
Nematoda 48
Nematode control 4
Neoaplectana 221
Neoaplectana carpocapsae 28, 43, 104
Neoaplectana feltiae 284
Neoaplectana glaseri 284
Neoseiulus 137
Neoseiulus fallacis 98
Neozygites 120
Neozygites fresenii 15, 188
Nephotettix nigropictus 141
Nephotettix virescens 141
Neurotoxins 16
New host records 190
New products 185, 227
New species 51, 280
New York 39
New Zealand 281
Nicaragua 14, 126
Nicotiana 131, 196, 197
Nicotiana rustica 133
Nicotiana tabacum 18, 32, 72, 134
Nicotine 131, 275
Nigeria 34, 143, 209
No-tillage 83, 111, 173, 250
Noctuidae 51, 191
Nomia melanderi 9
Nomuraea rileyi 105
Nontarget effects 76
Nontarget organisms 76, 191
North Carolina 18, 79, 142, 173, 230, 250
North central states of U.S.A. 192
Norway 44
Nosema 163, 215, 224, 243
Nosema pyrausta 40, 182, 277
Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses 18, 61, 151, 216, 257, 263, 283
Nucleotide sequences 38
Odors 117
Ohio 46, 83, 85, 172, 198, 198, 198
Oklahoma 33, 93
Oligonychus pratensis 98
Ootheca 143
Ophiomyia 247
Orchards 50
Oregon 208, 240
Orius insidiosus 5, 175, 179
Orthoptera 96
Oryza sativa 69, 141, 164
Ostrinia furnacalis 234
Ostrinia nubilalis 19, 39, 40, 65, 83, 92, 102, 129, 161,
172, 175, 179, 199, 264, 265, 277
Ova 5, 73, 101, 150, 200
Overlapping generations 234
Oviposition 40, 63, 99, 130, 150, 210, 234, 250
Oviposition attractants 196, 197
Oviposition deterrents 75, 196
Oxyopes salticus 62
Oxyopidae 62
Pachyneuron siphonophorae 205
Paecilomyces farinosus 89
Pakistan 144
Panicles 130
Papaipema nebris 97
Paralysis 58
Paraquat 289
Parasites 29, 198
Parasites of insect pests 1, 23, 27, 40, 41, 51, 59, 63, 64,
65, 72, 78, 82, 91, 114, 115, 125, 131, 137, 147, 150, 190,
199, 200, 208, 215, 219, 220, 221, 226, 228, 231, 234, 238,
242, 251, 254, 262, 264, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273, 278, 280,
289
Parasitism 63, 110, 150, 179
Parasitoid augmentation 226
Parasitoids 25, 42, 47, 93, 107, 110, 121, 124, 129, 148,
150, 160, 184, 200, 201, 271, 285
Paratheresia claripalpis 123
Pastures 51
Pathogenicity 279, 284
Pathogens 27, 47
Peanuts 114
Pectinophora gossypiella 71, 144, 159, 226, 259, 266, 276
Pediobius 41
Pellets 174
Pennisetum Americanum 209
Pentatomidae 248
Peristenus 286
Permethrin 97
Persectania ewingii 51
Pest control 15, 37, 39, 123, 135, 145, 232, 249, 252, 257,
258
Pest management 47, 54, 55
Pest resistance 12, 16, 21, 78, 80, 81, 116, 136, 146, 149,
164, 165, 167, 168, 207, 209, 210, 237, 242, 256, 259, 278,
281
Pesticide mixtures 19, 126, 143
Pesticides 2, 3, 47, 258
Pests 140
Phaeoisariopsis griseola 247
Phagostimulants 102
Phaseolus vulgaris 247
Phenolic compounds 52, 100
Phenology 90
Pheromone traps 94, 178, 191
Pheromones 144
Philippines 69
Philonthus 106
Phoma exigua 247
Phorate 146
Physalis 196
Physicochemical properties 127
Physiological age 63
Phytoseiulus persimilis 207
Plant composition 52, 75, 100, 156, 197, 210, 237
Plant density 247
Plant development 230
Plant disease control 4, 141, 247, 252
Plant diseases 140, 203
Plant ecology 90
Plant extracts 196
Plant pathogenic fungi 67, 247
Plant pathogens 174, 203
Plant pests 47, 109, 115, 137, 260
Plant products 227
Plant protection 192
Plant protein 237
Planting date 122, 141, 146, 209
Plodia interpunctella 73, 118
Podisus maculiventris 109, 245
Pollinators 9, 140
Polyethylene glycol 174
Population decrease 77
Population density 34, 50, 57, 85, 110, 130, 178, 223, 231,
245
Population dynamics 106, 141, 202, 206, 208, 230, 236, 274
Population growth 128
Populus 111
Postsecondary education 7
Predation 245
Predator augmentation 226
Predator prey relationships 109
Predators 107, 121, 124, 184, 271
Predators of insect pests 5, 25, 27, 33, 35, 46, 47, 57, 62,
66, 70, 77, 79, 83, 84, 101, 106, 109, 158, 173, 175, 190,
195, 202, 207, 212, 217, 218, 219, 223, 226, 229, 232, 234,
238, 245, 250
Predatory arthropods 47, 85, 109
Predatory insects 212
Predatory mites 98
Prediction 97, 179
Prey 111
Pristomerus spinator 199
Product development 227
Production 163
Production costs 108
Profenofos 269
Profitability 68
Profits 112
Program participants 68
Prostephanus truncatus 77
Prostigmata 223
Proteins 38
Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors 261
Psallus seriatus 66, 212
Pseudomonas syringae 118
Pteromalidae 231
Pterostichus chalcites 46
Pterostichus cupreus 35
Pupae 40, 279
Pyrethroid insecticides 227
Radiation 256
Rearing techniques 78, 264
Recombination 127
Relationships 212
Reproduction 59, 228, 263
Resistance mechanisms 281
Rhopalosiphum maidis 84
Rhopalosiphum padi 35, 50, 58
Rhyzopertha dominica 77, 87, 118
Rice tungro virus 141
Riptortus dentipes 143
Risk 68, 69
Root rots 247
Rotations 141
Russian wheat aphid 239
Rutoside 131, 275
Rwanda 247
Saccharum officinarum 27, 123, 166, 280
Safety at work 99
Sambucus 75
Sampling 274
Saskatchewan 89
Saudi arabia 217
Schizaphis graminum 11, 84, 205, 217, 218
Screening 180, 244
Searching behavior 5
Seasonal abundance 64
Seasonality 246
Secale cereale 50, 289
Secretions 248
Seed dressings 247
Seed production 9, 140
Seed treatment 247
Seedlings 11, 155, 193
Selectivity 227
Semiochemicals 16, 117, 155, 156, 227
Sequential sampling 208
Sesquiterpenoid lactones 100
Sex pheromones 8, 92, 159, 161, 166
Sex ratio 78
Sexual transmission 277
Simulation models 35, 66, 68, 98, 176, 212
Sitobion avenae 25, 74, 89, 106, 128, 181, 208
Sitophilus granarius 118
Sitophilus zeamais 147
Sitotroga cerealella 73, 115
Size 73
Skeletal muscle 194
Slugs 83
Soil 173, 183
Soil arthropods 250
Soil bacteria 279
Soil fungi 174
Soil insects 193
Soil water 250“
Solanum tuberosum 101
Solar radiation 10
Solenopsis invicta 212
Solidago canadensis 52
Sorghum 23, 26, 49, 206, 222, 224, 236, 243, 244, 280
Sorghum bicolor 61, 116, 130, 136, 160, 218, 251
Sorghum halepense 251
South Africa 58, 220
South America 25
South Carolina 134, 160, 199, 253
South Dakota 93
Spatial distribution 208
Spikelets 251
Spiroplasma kunkelii 91
Spodoptera exempta 178, 180
Spodoptera exigua 37, 57
Spodoptera frugiperda 14, 78, 126, 150, 160, 191, 221, 237,
256
Spodoptera littoralis 43, 63, 180, 260, 284
Spodoptera litura 279
Spore germination 157
Sporulation 174
Staphylinidae 173, 231
Starch 96, 102
Starch granules 6
Steinernema 48, 76, 183, 221
Stem borers 97, 163, 164, 224
Stems 127
Sterile insect release 81, 266, 276
Sterility 256
Sterilization 249, 276
Stomoxys calcitrans 231
Storage 3, 10, 96
Storage mites 223
Stored products pests 114, 118, 147, 158, 223, 232
Strains 38, 127, 161, 180, 244
Structure activity relationships 92
Study and teaching 3
Sturnus vulgaris 229
Subsistence farming 247
Sucrose esters 197
Sudan 260, 262
Sugar beet 139
Sugarbeet 170
Sugars 210
Sulawesi 141
Surveys 107, 136, 183, 200
Survival 82, 250, 263
Susceptibility 61, 78, 146, 149, 207, 270
Syngrapha 216
Synthesis 87, 227
Synthetic diets 125
Tachinidae 160, 289
Tachyporus 106
Taiwan 123, 279
Taxonomy 271
Temperature 82, 84, 228, 272, 273
Tenebrio molitor 118
Terbufos 46
Teretriosoma nigrescens 77
Terpenoids 17, 52, 80
Tetranychus 120
Tetranychus urticae 207
Tetrastichus 251
Texas 1, 33, 41, 60, 64, 66, 84, 124, 125, 205, 212, 221,
228, 246, 251, 274, 280
Theory 109
Thiram 247
Tillage 111, 122
Timing 34, 97, 141, 178
Tipula paludosa 193
Tobacco 142
Toxicity 38, 46, 100, 235, 244, 248, 269
Toxicology 227
Toxins 194
Transovarial transmission 283
Trap crops 28
Trapping 166, 191, 234
Trialeurodes vaporariorum 72
Tribolium castaneum 118
Trichlorfon 49
Trichoderma harzianum 174
Trichogramma 41, 115, 130, 137, 199, 200
Trichogramma nubilale 264
Trichogramma ostriniae 39
Trichogramma pretiosum 73, 114, 262
Trichomalopsis 64
Trichoplusia ni 12, 73
Trichospilus diatraeae 123
Triticale 278
Triticum 99, 208, 217, 238, 278
Triticum aestivum 64, 74, 106, 111, 122, 146, 149, 181, 184,
187, 190, 201, 205, 219, 267, 288
Trophic levels 278
Tropics 16
Tunnels 102
Turdus merula 229
Tyrophagus putrescentiae 79, 173
U.S.A. 29, 149, 167, 190, 226, 255
U.S.S.R. 238
Uk 74, 99
Uncultivated ground 85
United states virgin Islands 266
Usda 7, 17, 31
Variable costs 69
Varietal resistance 44, 47, 240
Varietal susceptibility 141
Vertical transmission 40, 281, 283
Verticillium 45
Verticillium lecanii 89, 267
Viability 96
Vicia villosa 50
Vigna 222
Vigna unguiculata 34, 136, 143
Virginia 94, 289
Virulence 89, 284
Volatile compounds 8, 75, 119, 155, 210, 285
Volunteer plants 122
Washington 21, 208, 240
Weed control 4, 145
Weeds 79, 140, 230
Weight 159
Wheat 239, 273
Wheat flourp 119
Wilts 45
Wind tunnels 75
Winter wheat 74, 99
Xenorhabdus 7, 284
Yield components 126, 217
Yield losses 69, 143, 159, 234
Zea mays 4, 5, 14, 17, 19, 23, 26, 28, 39, 41, 46, 48, 49,
65, 78, 81, 83, 91, 97, 98, 102, 104, 111, 112, 113, 126, 127,
129, 136, 155, 156, 160, 167, 169, 172, 173, 175, 179, 182,
191, 199, 200, 201, 206, 214, 222, 224, 229, 234, 236, 237,
244, 246, 256, 264, 265, 267, 280, 289