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EDSITEment’s Persian Wars Resource Pages |
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Related EDSITEment Lesson Plans:Ancient Greece:
Related Student InteractivesOther Related Ancient World Lesson Plan Links:
Additional Ancient World Lesson Plans can be found at this link Relevant EDSITEment-reviewed Websites: |
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Map of the Persian Empire at the time of Xerxes. Red lines denote the route of Xerxes' army across the empire. Topography included. An interactive version of this map is also available, as well as an interactive game on the building of Xerxes' Bridges across the Hellespont. |
Close-up
of Greece and "war theater" area with with the Persian invasion
routes. Note hotspots for important stages and battles of Xerxes' campaign.
(Note also the inclusion of the battle
of Marathon from the previous Persian War). |
Closeup of Thermopylae and Artemisium Area. A series of sea battles was fought around Artemisium at the same time as the land battle at Thermopylae. The Isthmus of Corinth—where the Pelleponesian Greeks wanted to make their stand—is to the south of this location.
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A part of the Greek
fleet advances on the Persian (Phoenicians, Egyptians and Persia's Greek
allies) fleet around Artemisium.
The sails and masts will be stowed and oars lowered into the water for
battle when they are close enough to
the enemy fleet.
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| Reconstruction
of the Hellespont as it probably looked at the time of the Persian Wars.
Take
the bridge-building interactive challenge.
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| Tempe,
on the river Strymon (Macedonia), where Xerxes' is alleged to have made
a human sacrifice to the gods.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| The
ruins of the citadel of ancient Sardis,
where Xerxes' armies gathered and spent the winter of 481 B.C., before
the final march to the Hellespont and the crossing to Europe.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| View from Artemisium
on the island of Euboea, where the naval battle between the Persian
and Greek fleets were fought. |
A
timeline reconstruction animation of Thermopylae as it may have looked
at the time of the battle. View is from Spartan's last stand hillock.
Refresh browser to view again from start.
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| Beached ships. Marathon
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Beached
ships. Xerxes invasion, the island of Euboia, during the sea All links through the EDSITEment-reviewed The Perseus Project.
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| An aerial reconstruction of Thermopylae as it may have looked at the time of the battle. The Greeks rebuilt the so-called Phocian wall as part of their defense strategy. The Persian forces would have come initially from the left along the seashore in this illustration, where they were held back by the Greeks. The Persian "Immortals" eventually found a path (poorly guarded by the Phocians) that took them into the hills (toward bottom edge of this image), so that they could come up behind the rest of the Greek force from the bottom right of this image. All links through the EDSITEment-reviewed The Perseus Project.
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| Reconstruction
of a Persian Infantry fomation.
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| EDSITEment
reconstruction of massed Persian Infantry fomation to dramatize overwhelming
force of Xerxes' army.
|
| Greek Hoplites. The warriors are shown in two attack positions, with both an overhand and underhand thrust. |
| An EDSITEment-reconstructed Greek phalanx based on sources from Livius.org. The front rank of Hoplites have their spears raised in the overhand stabbing/thrusting position as they prepare to close with the enemy. An animation of the Battle of Marathon also shows how the phalanx marched and then formed up for battle. |
EDSITEment-created reconstruction of Persian archers based on a mural piece from The Achaemenid Persia site found through the EDSITEment-reviewed Perseus Project. Archers were among the many troops the Greeks at Thermopylae had to contend with, especially in the Spartan's final stand.
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The
Hellespont today, as seen from Abydos, on the Greek side.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
A
bust of Leonidas,
who led both the Spartan contingent and was overall commander of the Greek
forces at Thermopylae.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| The
Athos peninsula today. Xerxes had a canal built across this peninsula
(follow an imaginary line across the isthmus from the RED
dot on the upper left of the image) to shorten
the route of his navy.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
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| This
may have been the secret pass that the Persians used to come up behind
the Greek defenders at Thermopylae. The Greek
traitor Ephialtes told the Persians about the pass.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| The
origin of the river Hebrus, in modern-day Bulgaria. Ancient Doriscus
was near the Hebrus.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| A
ground-level view of the location of Xerxes' Athos peninsula canal.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| A
Magian, worshipping
at a fire altar, Sasanian period. From the British Museum.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| Ruins
at Persepolis, the capital of the Achaemenid Persian empire, in modern-day
Iran.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| Xerxes
(as a prince) on a relief of Darius I the Great. Originally from the ruins
of Persepolis, now in the National Archaeological Museum, Tehran (Iran).
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| Darius
I the Great. Originally from the ruins of Persepolis, now in the National
Archaeological Museum, Tehran (Iran).
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| The
temple of Apollo at Delphi, site of the famous Delphic oracles (prophesies).
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
| Themistocles,
whose strong leadership and force of personality helped save both Athens
and Greece from Xerxes and the Persians.
Image courtesy of Livius.org. |
 |
An
animation of the Battle of Marathon, from the first Persian War.
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