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Summary
This experiment began in 1923 at a site that was in arable crops from
the 18th century. The original ecosystem (before cropping) was a
forest. The experiment consists of the following land use and
treatments:

Land use: Rotation 1 - arbitrary rotation without FYM, without
legumes; Rotation 2 - 5-course rotation (potato+FYM,barley,red
clover,winter ... wheat,rye); Rotation 3 - rye monoculture; Rotation 4 -
vegetable crop rotation. Treatments: Ca (rotations 1,2,3); CaNPK (all
rotations); NPK (rotations 1,2,3); CaPK (rotations 1,2,3); 20t
FYM/year (rotations 3,4); 40t FYM/year (rotation 4); 60t FYM/year
(rotation 4).

The average climatic conditions at the experimental site are:

Minimum annual temperature: 6 deg C
Mean annual temperature: 7.7 deg C
Maximum annual temperature: 9.7 deg C
Minimum annual rainfall: 368.4 mm
Mean annual rainfall: 518.9 mm
Maximum annual rainfall: 765.9 mm

The soil is described as a Hapludalf.
The measurements made, methodology, and frequency are listed below:

a) Vegetation measurements made and frequency

Yield: Every year
Total above-ground dry matter: Every year
Carbon content of offtake: 8-10 years
Nitrogen content of offtake: 4-5 years since 1963.
4-5 years since 1963: Ca,P,K,Mg + Mn,Zn,Cu occasionally.

b) Soil sampling

Details of soil sampling method: Each treatment is in 3-5
replications. Soil is sampled on each rep. separately; some samples
are stored and analysed for each rep. separately. 15-20 cores from
plough layerand 2-3 cores from deeper layers. Sampled using
auger. Soil samples come from 30 sq m in centre of plot. Soil is
separated into layers
Details of measuring depths and soil layers: 0-25 cm every 6-10
years since 1957. 25-40,40-70 cm 3 times since 1957

c) Soil measurements made and frequency

Total carbon: 3-4 times since 1957
Method of measuring total carbon: Total carbon was determined by
Tiurin method (using K2Cr2O7 for oxidation of C org.)
Biomass carbon: 1994 only
Method of measuring biomass carbon: Microbial biomass using
chloroform fumigation, method described by PC Brookes et al.
Carbon measurements in other organic matter fractions: 2-3 times
Method of measuring carbon in other organic matter fractions:
Carbon fraction determined by Tiurin modification method, described in
Kozakiewicz, A (1966) Soil Sci.Annual t. 16,113-130.
Total nitrogen: 3-4 times since 1960
Method of measuring total nitrogen: Distillation of NH3 from soil
after Kjeldahl digestion of soil organic matter with H2SO4 and K2OS4 +
CuSO4 as a catalyst.
Total mineral nitrogen: 3 times
Method of measuring total mineral nitrogen: NO3- & NH4+ were
extracted from soil with 0.05M K2SO4 or 0.02M CaCL2. NH4-N and NO3-N
in the extract were measured by steam distillation with MgO using
Devard's alloy for reducing NO3- to NH4+.
Biomass nitrogen: 1994 only
Method of measuring biomass nitrogen: Chloroform fumigation
Nitrate nitrogen: 3 times
Method of measuring total mineral nitrogen: NO3- & NH4+ were
extracted from soil with 0.05M K2SO4 or 0.02M CaCL2. NH4-N and NO3-N
in the extract were measured by steam distillation with MgO using
Devard's alloy for reducing NO3- to NH4+.
Biomass nitrogen: 1994 only
Method of measuring biomass nitrogen: Chloroform fumigation
Nitrate nitrogen: 3 times
Method of measuring nitrate nitrogen: As for soil mineral N
Ammonium nitrogen: 3 times
Method of measuring ammonium nitrogen: As for soil mineral N
Soil bulk density or weight: 1980,1994
Method of measuring soil bulk density or weight: Bulk density was
determined in soil with undisturbed structure (in a 52 cu cm vessel)
after harvest. Field water capacity, capillary water capacity and
porosity were also determined.
Other nutrients: Exchangeable K, Mg,Ca,Al and available P
(Egner-Riehm met.),Mg (Schachlschabel met.). Mn,Zn,Cu,Fe extractable in
1M HCl. Also sorption capacity, pH and hydrolytic acidity.

d) Details of the meteorological station

Nearest meteorological station to the site: Skierniewice which is 0
km from the site at coordinates 20deg10min E, 51deg58min N. The
meteorological station is automatic.

e) Meteorological data available and frequency

Rainfall: Every day
Air temperature: Every 6 hours
Soil temperature: Every 6 hours
Wind speed: Every 6 hours
Sun hours: Every day
Relative humidity: Every day
This information was compiled for the GCTE-SOMNET Database, Pete
Smith, Pete Falloon, David Powlson, and Jo Smith. Soil Science
Department, IACR-Rothamsted, UK.

Geographic Coverage Spatial coordinates   

N: 51.97		S: 51.95		E: 20.17		W: 20.15
Min Depth: SURFACE Max Depth: 70 CM

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1923-01-01

Location Keywords

CONTINENT > EUROPE > EASTERN EUROPE > POLAND

Science Keywords

AGRICULTURE > AGRICULTURAL PLANT SCIENCE > CROP/PLANT YIELDS AGRICULTURE > AGRICULTURAL PLANT SCIENCE > CROPPING SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE > SOILS > CALCIUM AGRICULTURE > SOILS > CARBON > BIOMASS CARBON AGRICULTURE > SOILS > CARBON > TOTAL CARBON AGRICULTURE > SOILS > MAGNESIUM AGRICULTURE > SOILS > MICRONUTRIENTS/TRACE ELEMENTS > MICRONUTRIENTS AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > AMMONIUM AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > BIOMASS NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > MINERAL NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > NITRATE AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > TOTAL NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > ORGANIC MATTER AGRICULTURE > SOILS > PHOSPHORUS AGRICULTURE > SOILS > POTASSIUM AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL ABSORPTION AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL BULK DENSITY AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL CHEMISTRY > HYDROLYTIC ACIDITY AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL PH AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > HUMIDITY ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > SUNSHINE BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > BIOMASS BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > CARBON BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > NITROGEN BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > NUTRIENTS BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > PHOSPHORUS LAND SURFACE > SOILS > CALCIUM LAND SURFACE > SOILS > CARBON > BIOMASS CARBON LAND SURFACE > SOILS > MAGNESIUM LAND SURFACE > SOILS > MICRONUTRIENTS/TRACE ELEMENTS > MICRONUTRIENTS LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > AMMONIUM LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > BIOMASS NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > MINERAL NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > NITRATE LAND SURFACE > SOILS > ORGANIC MATTER LAND SURFACE > SOILS > PHOSPHORUS LAND SURFACE > SOILS > POTASSIUM LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL ABSORPTION LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL BULK DENSITY LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL CHEMISTRY > HYDROLYTIC ACIDITY LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL PH LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL TEMPERATURE

ISO Topic Category

FARMING ECONOMY GEOSCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE BIOTA

Project

GCTE > Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems, IGBP

Quality
Details of the plots:
Width of smallest plot is 3 m
Length of smallest plot is 15 m
Width of largest plot is 5 m
Length of largest plot is 10 m
Details of direction of cultivation: Plots 10x5 right angles; plots
15x3 parallel

Details of replication and randomization:

There are at least 3 replicates in the experiment.
The experiment has a restricted randomized plot design. Systematic. Ca
or 0 treatment on rotation 1. Ca treatment on rotations 2 and 3. Inside
meteorological
enclosure there are grasses not fertilized since 1921 (100 sq m) and
ploughing plot (8 sq m).

Access Constraints
none

Ancillary Keywords

FARM YARD MANURE FYM GCTE GLOBAL CHANGE AND TERESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS IGBP INTERNATIONAL GEOSPHERE BIOSPHERE PROGRAM POTATO RED CLOVER RYE SECALE CEREALE L. SOIL ORGANIC MATTER NETWORK SOLANUM SP. SOMNET TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L. TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. WINTER WHEAT

Data Set Progress

IN WORK

Data Center

European Soil Organic Matter Network, Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Soil Organic Matter Network, Rothamsted Research Data Center URL: http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/aen/eusomnet/ Data Center Personnel Name: PETER FALLOON Phone: +44 (0)1582 763133 x2110 Fax: +44 (0)1582 760981 Email: Pete.Falloon at bbsrc.ac.uk Contact Address: Agriculture & Environment Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ UK.

Personnel

MERCIK STANISLAW Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT Phone: Warsaw 49 71 97 Fax: Warsaw 49 13 75 Contact Address: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw Agricultural University, ul. Rakowiecka 26/30, City: WARSAW Postal Code: 02-528 Country: POLAND TYLER B. STEVENS Role: DIF AUTHOR Phone: (301) 614-6898 Fax: 301-614-5268 Email: Tyler.B.Stevens at nasa.gov Contact Address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Change Master Directory City: Greenbelt Province or State: MD Postal Code: 20771 Country: USA

Related URL

Link: VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE Description: This url links to the GCTE-SOMNET home page where additional project information and methodology can be obtained. This site is currently in a datasharing phase of the network where actual data will become available shortly, at different levels of accessibility. Please follow this link for more information.

Publications/References
Gorski, M. and Kuszelewski, L. 1963. The effect of organic and humus
composition in soil in the light of 38 years' tests at Skierniewice.
Soil Science Annual, t.
13, 323-341.

Kleszczycki, A. and Lakomiec, I. 1966. Effect of many years fertilizer
treatment on the physico-chemical properties of humic acids. Soil
Science Annual, t. 16,
171-190.
...
Kleszczycki, A., Kozakiewicz, A. and Lakomiec, I. 1967. Effect of many
years treatment with mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure on the
organic soil matter
in the light of 44 experimental years. Soil Science Annual, t. 17,
243-251.

Klosowski, W. and Mercik, S. 1980. Influence of long-term application of
farmyard manure, potassium fertilization and crop rotation on some
physical and
physico-chemical properties of soil. Soil Science Annual, t. 31, Nr. 2,
53-64.

Kozakiewicz, A. 1966. A new conception of the composition of humus in
some types of mineral soil in the light of results obtained with a
modified I. Tiurin
method part I. Soil Science Annual, t. 16, 113-130.

Kusinska, A. 1993. The effect of the plant cultivation system on the
contents of the organic matter in soil on the fraction composition of
humus, on the structure
of physical-chemical characteristics of humus acid. Treatises and
Monograph, Warsaw Agricultural University, 1-17.

Lakomiec, I. 1966. Effect of many years fertilizer treatment and the
compositions of humus compounds in podzols. Soil Science Annual, t. 16,
131-156.

Mercik, S. 1962. Effect of many years mineral and organic fertilization
on soil content of nitrogen and organic substance. Soil Science Annual,
t. 12, 281-300.

Mercik, S. and Stepien, W. 1992. The balance of organic carbon under the
long-term fertilizing experiment. Proceedings of the "organic
fertilizers". Szczecin
1992, 12-19.

Mercik, S., Nowosielski, O. and Paul, M. 1993. Effect of 35 and 70 years
differentiated fertilization and crop rotation on nutrients content in
soil at the long-term
experiments. Scientific papers of the Agricultural University in Krakow.
Nr. 278 part I, 85-96.

Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 2000-01-03 Last DIF Revision Date: 2008-01-31

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