SP-402 A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab

[194]

a picture of Skylab in orbit

Index

 

Active prominences, 154-168, 169, 174, 176, 177
Aircraft, observations, 36, 37
Anaxagoras, 4
Antares, 1
Apollo spacecraft, 47, 179
Apollo Telescope Mount, vii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xviii, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59
Astrophysical Journal, 32
Aswan, Egypt, 35
ATM (see Apollo Telescope Mount)
ATM simulator, xiv
Auroras, 13, 25, 144, 180
 
Babcock, H. D., 28
Babcock, H. W., 28
Balloons, observations, 36, 37, 39, 44
Bean, Alan L., xvii, 62
Betelgeuse, 1
Bits, 48
Boot of Italy, 100, 101, 104
Boulder, Colorado, 21
Bright points, 72, 81, 84, 89, 92, 93, 103, 130-134, 140
 
Cameras, automatic, 25, 44, 56
Canopus, 50
Canton Island, 34
Cape Kennedy, xii
Carbon, 1
Carr, Gerald P., xii, xiii, xviii, 62
Chromosphere
Activity (see also Flares; Plages), 127, 160, 174
Eclipsed, 91
Emission spectrum, 19, 30, 31
Fraunhoferlines, 18, 22
Magnetic fields, 23, 28, 73, 156
Observations, 2, 3, 15, 19, 21, 29, 53, 54, 144
Skylab views, 70-72, 77-79, 101, 141, 143,
Structure, 2, 3, 14, 15, 67, 74, 86, 87, 133,
Television monitoring, 59
Temperatures, 8, 16, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 158, 165
Chromospheric network, 24, 67, 68, 72, 75-78, 82, 83, 101, 130, 131
Comet Kohoutek, 55
Computer processing, 161, 166
Conrad, Charles, xvii, 62
Convection, 8, 13, 14, 16, 25, 27, 71, 72
Corona
Densities, 2, 3
Eclipse observations, 14, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 90, 117
Emission spectrum, 18, 31, 33, 35, 36, 42
Holes, 67, 68, 70, 72, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 92, 93, 99-105, 112, 113, 111, 130, 131, 132, 133
Loops, 92-95, 115
Magnetic fields, 26, 94
Plumes, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 102, 103
Shapes, 28, 34, 91, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 173, 176
Skylab views, 44, 52, 53, 59, 71, 73, 76, 77, 90, 92, 97, 125, 141
Temperatures, 2, 3, 8, 14, 18, 36, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 94, 95, 102, 110, 112, 115, 136, 137, 142, 148, 149, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 165, 174
Transients, xv, 37, 169-178, 180
Coronagraphs, 35, 36, 37, 45, 47, 50, 54, 59, 88, 99, 117, 118, 119, 120, 124, 127, 169, 170, 177
Coronal camera, 33, 34
"Coronium," 18
 
Diffraction gratings, 14, 17
Doppler effect, 18
 
Earth
Atmosphere, xiii, 20, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 68, 70, 117
Diameter, 1, 15, 36, 44, 78, 79, 86, 87, 109, 156
ionosphere, 13, 144
Magnetic field, 13, 26, 27, 99, 144
Orbit, 1, 30, 169
Resources, 58
Weather, 5, 13, 45, 180
Eclipses, total solar, xiv, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 55, 84, 90, 91,117, 124, 125
Electromagnetic spectrum, 40, 41
Electrons, 20, 34, 118, 136, 140, 173
EVA (see Extravehicular activity)
Evans, John W., 36, 45
Explorer spacecraft, 47
Explorer II, 39
Extravehicular activity, 46, 48, 49, 53
 
Filaments, 23, 24
Film magazines (see also Photographic plates), 48, 49, 51, 55, 57, 59
Filters, spectral, 23, 54
Flare detectors, 52, 146, 147
Flares, xviii, 13, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 57, 67, 88, 132, 140, 144-153
Fossil fuels, 4
 
Galaxies, 1
Galileo, 4, 6, 9, 180
Gamma radiation, 3
Gardner, Irving, 34
Garriott, Owen K., xvii, xviii, 49, 58, 62, 67, 96, 156
Gauss, Karl, 27
Gemini spacecraft, 47
Gibson, Edward G., xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xviii, 62, 72
Gillespie, Bruce, 24
Goethe, xiii
Granulations, 13, 14, 18, 25, 44, 67
Gravity (see also Zero gravity), 3
Guillemin, Amedee, 61
 
Hale, George Ellery, 11, 23, 27, 29, 32, 180
Harkness, William, 18
Helium, 1,3, 4, 8
Herschel, William, 10
Hevelius, Johannes, 9
Hoyt, J. W., 32
Huggins, William, 39
Hydrogen, 1, 3, 4, 8, 17
Hydrogen-alpha imaging, xiv, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 30, 45, 54, 55, 59, 62-65, 70, 108, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 159, 174, 176
 
Infrared emission, 3
Instruments
Calibration, 45, 54
Pointing, 50, 52, 54, 114
Repair, 51, 57, 58, 119
International Geophysical Year, 44
Iron, 1
 
Johnson Space Center, xvii, 46, 55, 56, 57, 127
Jupiter, 1, 8, 11, 94, 140
 
Kennedy, John F., 179
Kerwin, Joseph, xvii, 62, 127
Kinetic energy, 14, 16
 
Labrador, 35
Langley, Samuel, 10, 39
Lenoir, William, xiv
Lockyer, J. Norman, 16
Lousma, Jack R., xvii, 62
Lyot, Bernard, 35, 36
 
Macrospicules, 80, 83, 86, 87
Magnesium, 1
Magnetic forces, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 83, 84, 89, 93, 99, 102, 160, 162, 163, 165
Magnetic polarity, 29
Magnetic storms, 13, 25, 99
Magnetograms, 140, 142, 143
Magnetographs, 20, 28, 29
Mariner spacecraft, 47
Marshall Space Flight Center, 50, 53, 54
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, xv
Mercury spacecraft, 47
Milky Way, 1
Mitchell, Maria, 33
Monochromatic filters, 23, 55
Monochromatic imaging (see also Spectroheliographs), 23, 25, 54
Moon, 1, 7, 29, 30, 31, 34, 43, 90, 91, 124, 125, 179
 
National Academy of Sciences, vii
National Bureau of Standards, 34
National Geographic Society, 34, 39
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, xv, 21, 57
Naval Research Laboratory, 37, 42, 50, 53
Nebulas, 1
Newton, Isaac, 16
Nitrogen, 1
NOAA (see National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
NRL (see Naval Research Laboratory)
Nuclear fusion, 3, 4, 8, 26, 149
 
Observatories
Big Bear Solar Observatory, 15, 20, 23
Dartmouth College, 19
Harvard College, 53, 54
High Altitude Observatory, 54
Kitt Peak National Observatory, 24
Lick, 32, 33, 34
Mt. Wilson, 11, 22, 27
Naval Observatory, 18, 34
Princeton College, 44
Sacramento Peak, 11, 19, 127
Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, 47
Orbiting Solar Observatories, 37, 39, 47, 68
OSO (see Orbiting Solar Observatories)
Oxygen, 1
 
Photoelectric sensors, 28, 47, 50
Photographic plates (see also Film magazines), 28, 32, 33, 35, 47
Photosphere, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 18, 22, 23, 34, 42, 59, 70, 82, 82, 136,137, 142, 143
Photosynthesis, 4
Pic du Midi, France, 35, 36
Pioneer spacecraft, 47
Plages, xiv, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28
Pogue, William R., xii, xiii, xviii, 62, 146, 147
Polarization, optical, 27, 28, 36
Polaroid, 27
Polaroid camera, 96
Proctor, Richard, 4
Prominences (see also Active prominences), xiv, xv, 14, 15, 19-21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 67, 70, 74, 75, 106- 116
Protons, 20, 34, 118, 140
 
"Quiet" Sun, 59, 61, 62, 67-126
 
Radio communications, 13
Radio telescopes, 41
Radiotelemetry, 47, 48, 54, 56, 57
Refraction (pusmatic), 14
Rockets, observations, 26, 37, 41, 42, 68, 90, 100
Royal Astronomical Society, 32
 
Schaeberle, John M., 33, 34
Scheiner, Christian, 9
Schwarzschild, Martin, 44
Secchi, Angelo, 19, 22, 23
"Seeing," 42, 43
Sheeley, Neil, 56
Sky brightness, 44, 50
Skylab
Command module, 48, 56, 58
Mission, vii, xvii, 55, 56, 57, 179
Mission Control, Houston, xiv, xv, 46
Multiple docking adapter, xv, xvi, 46
Orbital workshop, xiii, xvi, 48, 51
Simulator, xv, xvii, 55
Solar observatory, xv, 5, 20, 46, 48, 56
Skylab 2, xiii, xvii, 62
Skylab 3, xiii, xvii, 49, 62-65, 96
Skylab 4, xii, xiii, xiv, xvii, 61, 62
Sodium, 17
Solar
Active regions, 130, 135-143
Atmosphere (see also Chromosphere; Corona; and Transition region), vii, 1-3, 13, 14, 29, 141
Core, 8, 149
Density, 2, 3, 37
Hemispheres, xiv, 136
Interior, 3, 8, 180
Limb, xiv, 14, 15, 20, 22, 23, 25, 35, 42, 43, 71, 74, 75, 78, 83, 92, 103, 108, 110, 111, 114, 118, 133, 140, 141, 149, 150, 158, 162, 163, 165, 170
Magnetic herds, vii, 19, 20, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 67, 68, 70, 72, 76, 77, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 140, 142,156,173
Particle emission, 13, 26, 34, 81, 99, 104, 140, 144, 173
Physical characteristics, 37
Plasmas, 138, 139, 140
Poles (rotational), 26, 29, 67, 68, 72, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 92, 93, 99, 102, 103, 105,132
Power panels, xiii, 47, 50, 51
Pressures, 3, 20
Radiation emission, 3, 8, 14, 40
Radio-wave emission, 40, 136, 169, 170
Rotation, 62-65, 97,104, 105, 120
Temperatures, 2, 3, 8, 14, 16, 20, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 82, 83, 86, 89, 110, 111, 115, 132, 133, 136, 137, 141, 145, 149, 150, 152, 159
Wind, 34, 67, 99, 104, 117
Space shuttle, xviii
Spacecraft, observations (see specific series)
Spacecraft orientation, 50
Spain, 33, 35
Spectra (see also Doppler effect; Zeeman effect)
Calcium (ionized) lines, 16, 17, 18, 24, 149
Coronal lines, 18, 31
Emission, 18, 19, 31
Flares, 152, 153
Flash, 31
Fraunhofer, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 27, 31
Hydrogen lines, 17, 18
Iron(ionized)lines, 18, 149, 152
Nickel (ionized) lines, 18
Prominences, 158
Sodium lines, 17
Spectrograms, 16, 152
Spectrographs, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 35, 45, 50, 53, 59, 152
Spectroheliograms, 22, 23
Spectroheliographs, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 42, 50, 53
Spectroheliometers, 50, 53, 54
Spectrometers, 16
Spectroscopes, 7, 11, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 27, 32, 35
Spicules, 2, 3, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 36, 67, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79
Starke, Helen, 33
Stars, 1
Stratoscope 1, 44
Subflares, xv
Sunspots
Ancient observations, 4, 7, 9
Cycles, 11, 12, 13, 29, 34, 61-65, 135, 136,
Densities, 22
Groups, 7, 10, 22, 29
Growth, 10
Magnetic fields, 11, 22, 27
Maxima, 13, 26, 34
Minima, 13, 26, 34
Numbers, 12, 13, 26, 45, 62, 169
Pairs, 11, 29
Penumbras, 9, 10, 11
Persistence, 11
Shapes, 10
Sizes, 10
Solar rotation, 9, 10
Temperatures, 6, 11, 22, 27
Theories, 10
Umbras, 9, 10, 11
Supergranules, 24, 25, 28, 67, 78, 79, 86, 87, 131
 
Telescopes, 7, 9, 10, 31, 33, 44, 47
Television displays, xiv, xviii, 54, 55, 59, 62-65, 96, 100
Tousey, Richard L., 42
Tracking facilities, xv
Transition region, 8, 36, 42, 53, 59, 67, 68, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 110, 111, 114, 115, 130, 131, 133, 135, 141, 150, 160
Turbulence, 13, 14, 44
 
Ultraviolet emission, 3, 67, 68-87, 102, 103, 144, 153
Ultraviolet imaging, xiv, xviii, 5, 22, 42, 45, 50, 53, 54, 59, 68-87, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 106-116, 131, 135, 138, 139. 141, 145, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 160, 165, 169, 170, 180
Uranus, 10
U.S. Army, 39
 
van Allen belts, 20
von Fraunhofer, Joseph, 16
 
Wadesborough, North Carolina, 17
Weitz, Paul J., xvii, 62
White light imaging, xiv, 7, 10, 28, 37, 45, 54, 59
Wollaston, William, 16, 18
 
X-ray emission, 3, 67, 87-102, 132, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 174
X-ray imaging, xiv, 5, 22, 42, 45, 50, 52, 53, 68, 80, 87-102, 104, 105, 118, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 142, 145, 151, 154, 159, 169, 173, 179, 180
 
Young, Charles A., 1, 7, 17, 18, 19, 32, 33, 47
 
Zeeman, Pieter, 27
Zeeman effect, 18, 27
Zero gravity, xiv, 50, 58
Zoom lenses, 55, 59

 

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