Twelve years after the discovery of the top quark at Fermilab's
Tevatron, we are finally beginning to shed light on this peculiarly
massive quark.  With 1-1.7 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by
the CDF detector, we are able to probe our knowledge of the top quark
physics, and to search for signals of physics beyond the Standard Model.
In this paper, we present results of measurements of top quark properties,
as well as tests for the production mechanism of the top quark.  We also
describe CDF latest searches for beyond Standard Model couplings of
the top quark.  Finally, we present the most recent searches for direct
production of new particles in the collected data samples.