Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Donald E. Tillitt, Robert W. Gale, John C. Meadows, James L. Zajicek, Paul H. Peterman; U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Originator: Silvia N. Heaton, Michigan State University Originator: Paul D. Jones, ESR Environmental Originator: Steven J. Bursian, Michigan State University Originator: Timothy J. Kubiak, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Originator: John P. Giesy, Institute for Environmental Technology Originator: Richard J. Aulerich, Michigan State University Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Dietary Exposure of Mink to Carp from Saginaw Bay. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Columbia, Missouri Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center (formerly National Biological Service) Description: Abstract: In this study, mink (Mustela vison) were exposed to various amounts of carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, MI, and the reproductive effects were observed. In this portion of the study, quantification of the dioxin-like activity was estimated by two different methods. One method was based on the relative potencies -Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF) values- of individual Planar Halogenated Hydrocarbon (PHH) compounds and an additive model of toxicity to give toxic equivalents (TEQs). The other method utilized an in vitro bioasssay of the complex mixtures of PHHs found in the samples to directly quantify dioxin-like potency and is reported as tetrapchlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-EQ. This study was conducted to calibrate the HFIIE bioassay TCDD-EQ from an environmentally weathered PHH mixture to ecologically relevant end points in a sensitive species that occurs in the Great Lakes region. Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to (1) characterize the dietary exposure of the mink to PHHs; (2) compare an additive model of PHH toxicity (TEZs) with TCDD equivalents derived from the H4IIE bioassay (TCDD-EQs); (3) validate the use of the H4IIE boassay (TCDD-EQs); (4) assess the effect of these methods on the calculation of an estimated threshold dose (ETD) for reproductive toxicity in mink; and 4) determine biomagnification factors (BMFs) for PHHs from diets to mink livers which may be used in field risk assessments. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19881202 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Saginaw Bay near the mouth of the Saginaw River Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -84 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -83 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: planar halogenated hydrocarbons Theme_Keyword: PCDDs Theme_Keyword: polychlorinated dibenzofurans Theme_Keyword: PCDFs Theme_Keyword: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Theme_Keyword: PHHs Theme_Keyword: planar polychlorinated biphenyls Theme_Keyword: pPCBs Theme_Keyword: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins Theme_Keyword: TCDD Theme_Keyword: additive toxicity Theme_Keyword: TEQs Theme_Keyword: TCDD-EQs Theme_Keyword: consumptive normalized mink liver biomagnification factors Theme_Keyword: BMFs Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Saginaw Bay, MI Place_Keyword: Saginaw River Place_Keyword: Michigan Place_Keyword: MI Taxonomy: Taxonomic_Keywords: carp Taxonomic_Keywords: mink Taxonomic_Coverage: Specific_Taxonomic_Information: Kingdom: Animal Division-Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Genus: Mustela Species: Mustela vison Applicable_Common_Names: mink Taxonomic_Coverage: Specific_Taxonomic_Information: Kingdom: Animal Division-Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes Family: Cyprinidae Genus: Cyprinus Species: Cyprinus carpio Applicable_Common_Names: carp Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center Contact_Person: Donald Tillitt Contact_Address: Address_Type: 4200 New Haven Road City: Columbia State_or_Province: Missouri Postal_Code: 65201 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (573) 876-1886 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (573) 876-1896 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Donald_Tillitt@usgs.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Donald E. Tillitt, Robert W. Gale, John C. Meadows, James L. Zajicek, Paul H. Peterman, Silvia N. Heaton, Paul D. Jones, Steven J. Bursian, Timothy J. Kubiak, John P. Giesy, and Richard J. Aulerich Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Dietary exposure of mink to carp from Saginaw Bay. Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Science and Technology Issue_Identification: Vol. 30, No. 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: American Chemical Society Other_Citation_Details: pp. 283 - 291. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: unknown Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: unknown Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: Field Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: mink exposure Methodology_Description: Carp were collected by electrofishing in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, near the mouth of the Saginaw River on December 2, 1988. Details of the preparation of diets and subsequent exposure of the mink were presented in Heaton et al. Briefly, dietary exposures were 0, 10, 20, or 40% ground, cooked, Saginaw Bay carp mixed into a standard mink ration and fed ad libitum. Each treatment group contained 3 males and 12 females. Dietary exposures began approximately 52 days prior to breeding and 104 days prior to whelping of the kits. Feed consumption and body weights of females were monitored weekly through the first 12 weeks of the trial. The study was continued until the kits were approximately 6 weeks old (day 182 of exposure), at which time all remaining adult female mink were euthanized and necropsied. Livers were subsampled for biochemical and chemical analysis. Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Heaton, S.N.; Bursian, S.J.; Giesy, J.P.; Tillitt, D.E.; Render, J.A.; Jones, P.D.; Berbugge, D.A.; Kubiak, T.J.; Aulerich, R.J. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Dietary exposure of mink to carp from Saginaw Bay, Michigan. 1. Effects on reproduction and survival, and the potential risks to wild mink populations. Series_Information: Series_Name: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Issue_Identification: 28 Other_Citation_Details: p. 334-343 Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: H4IIE Bioassay and TEFs Methodology_Description: Extracts of the composite diets and individual livers were prepared and tested with the H4IIE bioassay as previously described. H4IIE bioassay-derived TCDD equivalents (TCDD-EQ) were determined by comparison of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction in the extract-treated cells. The H4IIE TEF values are those derived from testing in the bioassay. The TEF values developed for risk assessment, international TEFs (I-TEFs), were arrived at through consensus of a wide variety of toxic end points and species. Concentrations of PHHs in the diets and livers of mink were multiplied by their TEF value (both H4IIE TEFs and I-TEFs were evaluated) to obtain TCDD equivalents (TEQs) from the chemical analysis. Concentrations less than detection limits were set to zero for the determination of TEQs. Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Tillitt, D.E.; Giesy, J.P.; Ankley, G.T. Publication_Date: 1991 Title: unknown Series_Information: Series_Name: Arch. Environ. Sci. Technol. Issue_Identification: 25 Other_Citation_Details: p. 87 Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Tillitt, D.E.; Kubiak, T.J. Ankley, G.T.; Giesy, J.P. Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America Series_Information: Series_Name: Chemosphere Issue_Identification: 26 Other_Citation_Details: p. 2079-2084 Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Tysklind, M.; Tillitt, D.; Eriksson, L.; Lundgren, K.; Rappe, C. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: A toxic equivalency factor scale for polychlorinated dibenzofurans Series_Information: Series_Name: Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. Issue_Identification: 22 Other_Citation_Details: p. 277-285 Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ahlborg, U.G.; Brouwer, A.; Fingerhut, M.A.; Jacobson, J.L; Jacobson, S.W.; Kenedy, S.W.; Kettrup, A.A.F; Koeman, J.H>; Poiger, H.; Rappe, C.; Safe, S.H.; Seegal, R.F.; Tuomisto, J; van den Berg Publication_Date: 1992 Title: Unknown Series_Information: Series_Name: Eur. J. Pharmacol. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. Sect. Issue_Identification: 228 Other_Citation_Details: p. 179 Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ahlborg,U.G.; Becking, G.C.; Birnbaum, L.S.; Brouwer, A.; Derks, H.J.G.M.; Feeley, M.; Golor, G.; Hanberg, A.; Larsen, J. C.; Liem, A.K.D.; Safe, S.H.; Schlatter, C.; Waern, F.; Younes, M.; Yrjanheikki, E. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: unknown Series_Information: Series_Name: Chemosphere Issue_Identification: 28 Other_Citation_Details: p. 1049 Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: chemical analysis Methodology_Description: Time-weighted composites of diets (based on the amount of time the mink were fed various batches of the diets) and composite samples of livers from adult females were analyzed for PCDDs, PCBs. Preparation of the samples included drying homogenates with sodium sulfate, extraction with dichloromethane, gravimetric lipid determination, reactive cleanup, gel permeation chromatography, and fractionation by carbon high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described previously (Feltz et al, 1995). Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Feltz, K.P.; Tillitt, D.E.; Gale, R.W.; Peterman, P.H. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Automated HPLC fractionation of PCDDs and PCDFs and planar and nonplanar PCBs on C18-dispersed PX-21carbon. Series_Information: Series_Name: Environ. Sci. Technol. Issue_Identification: 29 Other_Citation_Details: pp. 709-718. Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: chemical analysis Methodology_Description: The analytes were separated into four discrete fractions by dual HPLC columns of carbon dispersed on C18: (1) bulk and di-ortho-substituted PCBs; (2) non-ortho-substituted PCB's (3) PCDDs and PcDFs; and (4) mono-ortho-substituted PCBs (Feltz, et al 1995). Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Feltz, K.P.; Tillitt, D.E.; Gale, R.W.; Peterman, P.H. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Automated HPLC fractionation of PCDDs and PCDFs and planar and nonplanar PCBs on C18-dispersed PX-21carbon. Series_Information: Series_Name: Environ. Sci. Technol. Issue_Identification: 29 Other_Citation_Details: pp. 709-718. Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: chemical analysis Methodology_Description: Prior to extraction, each sample was spiked with 13C labeled recovery standards for the non-ortho-substituted PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. Analytes in fractions 1 and 4 were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (GC-ECD, (Schwartz and Stalling, 1991) analytes in fraction 2 of the diets were determined by GC/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) by modifications of the methods of Kuehl et al while analytes in fraction 2 from the liver samples were analyzed by GC-ECD and analytes in fraction 3 were determined by low-resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS). Due to the large amounts of 2,3,4.7,8- pentachlorodibenofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF) found in the diets and subsequently in the mink livers, confirmational analysis wsa performed by GC-LRMS using a 60 m x 250 micrometer SP-2331 capillary column based on its ability to completely resolve 2,3,3,7,8-PCDF from other penta-CDF congeners (Ryan et al, 1991). Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Schwartz, T.R.; Stalling, D.L. Publication_Date: 1991 Title: Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's terns (Sterna fosteri) Series_Information: Series_Name: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Issue_Identification: 20 Other_Citation_Details: p. 183-199 Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kuehl, D.; Butterworth, B.C.; Libal, J.; Marquis, P. Publication_Date: 1991 Title: unknown Series_Information: Series_Name: Chemosphere Issue_Identification: 22 Other_Citation_Details: p. 849. Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ryan, J.J.; Conacher, H.; Panopio, L; Lau, B.; Hardy, J.; Masuda, Y. Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Unknown Series_Information: Series_Name: J. Chromatogr. Issue_Identification: 541 Other_Citation_Details: p. 131. Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: biomagnification factors Methodology_Description: Mink livers BMFs were determined for all PHHs base on lipid-normalized analyte concentrations. Process_Step: Process_Description: Comparisons among treatment groups were made by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences among treatment means and PHH concentrations in cooked and raw carp were tested with Tukey's test (p < 0.05) Process_Date: 1995 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Based on local reference names. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Entity studied - mink (Mustela vison); Associated attribute - chemical characterization of diets and adult mink livers; comparison of an additive model of toxicity Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: unknown Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center Contact_Person: Christopher Henke Contact_Position: Webmaster Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 4200 New Haven Rd City: Columbia State_or_Province: MO Postal_Code: 65201 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-875-5399 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-876-1896 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: chris_henke@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Custom_Order_Process: Please contact distributor. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 200004 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services (ITSS) Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon Contact_Position: Ecosystem Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address Address: 4500 Forbes Boulevard City: Lanham State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20706 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 794-3049 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 794-3164 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: solomon@gcmd.nasa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: NBII Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None