Bibliographic Citation
| Document |  6 Mb |
|---|---|
| DOI | 10.2172/5598569 |
| Title | Characterization of explosives processing waste decomposition due to composting |
| Creator/Author | Griest, W.H. ; Tyndall, R.L. ; Stewart, A.J. ; Ho, C.H. ; Ironside, K.S. ; Caton, J.E. ; Caldwell, W.M. ; Tan, E. |
| Publication Date | 1991 Nov 01 |
| OSTI Identifier | OSTI ID: 5598569; Legacy ID: DE92013304 |
| Report Number(s) | ORNL/TM-12029 |
| DOE Contract Number | AC05-84OR21400 |
| Other Number(s) | Other: ON: DE92013304 |
| Resource Type | Technical Report |
| Specific Type | Progress Report |
| Research Org | Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States) |
| Sponsoring Org | DOD; Department of Defense, Washington, DC (United States) |
| Subject | 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES; COMPOSTING; DECOMPOSITION; LEACHATES; TOXICITY; SOILS; DECONTAMINATION; BACTERIA; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; NITRO COMPOUNDS; PROGRESS REPORT; TNT; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CLEANING; DISPERSIONS; DOCUMENT TYPES; EXPLOSIVES; MANAGEMENT; MICROORGANISMS; MIXTURES; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; PROCESSING; SOLUTIONS; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTE PROCESSING |
| Description/Abstract | Static pile and mechanically stirred composts generated at the Umatilla Army Depot Activity in a field composting optimization study were chemically and toxicologically characterized to provide data for the evaluation of composting efficiency to decontaminate and detoxify explosives-contaminated soil. Characterization included determination of explosives and 2,4,6,-trinitrotoluene metabolites in composts and their EPA Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure Leachates, leachate toxicity to Ceriodaphnia Dubia and mutagenicity of the leachates and organic solvent extracts of the composts to Ames bacterial strains TA-98 and TA-100. The main conclusion from this study is that composting can effectively reduce the concentrations of explosives and bacterial mutagenicity in explosives -- contaminated soil, and can reduce the aquatic toxicity of leachable compounds. Small levels of explosive and metabolites, bacterial mutagenicity, and leachable aquatic toxicity remain after composting. The ultimate fate of the biotransformed explosives, and the source(s) of residual toxicity and mutagenicity remain unknown. |
| Country of Publication | United States |
| Language | English |
| Format | Size: Pages: (141 p) |
| Availability | OSTI; NTIS; GPO Dep. |
| System Entry Date | 2008 Mar 06 |
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