Bibliographic Citation
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Title | Derivation of a target level of lead in soil at residential sites corresponding to a de minimis contribution to blood lead concentration |
Creator/Author | Stern, A.H. (New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection and Energy, Trenton, NJ (United States)) |
Publication Date | 1994 Dec 01 |
OSTI Identifier | OSTI ID: 7065770 |
Other Number(s) | ISSN0272-4332; CODEN: RIANDF |
Resource Type | Journal Article |
Resource Relation | Risk Analysis ; Vol/Issue: 14:6 |
Subject | 560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology ;540120 -- Environment, Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-); LEAD-- ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION;LEAD-- HEALTH HAZARDS;LEAD-- RISK ASSESSMENT;SOILS-- CONTAMINATION; CHILDREN |
Related Subject | AGE GROUPS;ELEMENTS;HAZARDS;METALS |
Description/Abstract | Inability to define either a clear toxicologic threshold or a stochastic all-or-nothing (cancer-type) response model for the noncarcinogenic effects of lead (Pb) in young children has posed difficulties for derivation of risk-based target levels of Pb in residential soil.^Approaches based on empirical relationships between Pb levels in blood (PbB) and Pb in soil suffer from inability to specify the numerous variables which mediate between these two quantities.^Approaches based on achieving a toxicologically de minimis target PbB level (e.g., 10 [mu]g/dl) are subject to large uncertainty in estimating the distribution of existing PbB levels in a specific exposed population and in estimating the relative contribution from nonsoil sources of Pb.^The multisource contribution to the distribution of PbB makes this approach unsuited for determination of a target Pb level in a single medium.^An alternative approach is presented based on achieving a de minimis contribution to PbB ([Delta]PbB) from soil.^Contributions to Pb exposure from outdoor soil and indoor soil-derived dust (ISDD) are modeled and appropriate values are suggested for input parameters.^This analysis predicts that chronic exposure of young children to 200 [mu]g Pb/g (ppm) in residential soil will result in a [Delta]PbB of 2 [mu]g Pb/dl blood.^This concentration of Pb in soil may provide an appropriate target level for residential soil when other significant sources of Pb exposure are present.^In other cases, this approach can be used to predict a soil concentration of Pb corresponding to an appropriate non-de minimis [Delta]PbB.^39 refs., 1 tab. |
Country of Publication | United States |
Language | English |
Format | Pages: 1049-1056 |
System Entry Date | 2001 May 13 |
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