FEBRUARY, 1890. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 47
Feb., 1890. 4,ra m ...... 5, g a .m ... 6,12m ...... 7, 108. m ... 9, g a ,m ... 0, 1otx.m ... I, a p . m ... a, 11 a. m ... 3,Ion.m ... 4 ,4 p .m ... I O R .~...
d :n m ...... m u .m ...
t I o *.m ... ' o ,4 p .m . .. r ,I o a m ... a, 11 a. m ... 6,1083. m ...
in the western quadrants of low pressure storms. In the Gull
State8 87 per cent. of the halos occurred in the eastern quad rants and 13 per cent. in the western quadrants of low pressure storms. In the Rocky Mountain and plateau regions 37 poi cent. of the halos occurred in the eastern quadrauts nud 63 pel cent. in the western quadrants of low pressure storms. In the
Missouri Valley 66 per cent. of the halos occurred in the east. ern quadrants, and 36 per cent. in the western quadrants 01
low pressure storms. On tlie Pacific coast 24 per cent. of the halos occurred in the eastern quadrants, and 76 per cent. iu
the western quadrants of low pressure storms. From the above i t appears that during February, 1890, halos occurred within the influence of low pressure storins or attcnd- ing the disturbed atmospheric conditions that attended the passage of general storms; 86 per cent. of' tho halos were at- tended by rain on the sauie day. I n regions east of the Rocky
Mountaim 64 per cent. of the halos were noted in tlie eastern quadrants, and 36 per cent. of tho halos were noted to the westward of low pressure storms. In the Rocky Mountaiu and
plateau regions but 31 per cent. of the halos were noted in the eastera quadrants of low pressure storms, and 69 per cent. 01
the halos reported in those regions occurred attmding or fol- lowing the paasage of low pressure storms over the Rocky Mountain and plateau regions.
0 PARHELIA.
Milwaukee, Wis. : well d m e d par 1 lla were observed from
sky being partly covered with cirro-stratus clouds, with haze in the upper atmosphere. Four mock suns were well defined, two on each side of the sun. The largest circle, which passed
through the sun and reached to within 30° of the northern horizon, was of a whitish light, very bright, and well defined. The other circles exhibited the prismatic hues, the red on the inside or towards tho sun. Mock suns were also observed at
6.20 p. m., 28th, when the sun was several degrees above the wesfern llorizon. On a h e with the sun, aud on each side, north and south, equally distant about 20° from the sun, were verj bright spots exhibiting prismatic colors, with the red tint towards the sun. The western sky was covered a t the
time with broken masses of' stratus and cirro-stratus clouds. On the morning of the 16th a low pressure storm of slight energy WAS central over the northern part of' t h e Lltke region and low pressure storms were central on the evening of that date, one over Iowa and the other over Kansas. No rain fell
in the Laire region on the Mth, but was general in that section on the 17th and 18th. On the 28th a low pressure storm of
considerable energy moved northeastward from the lower lake region. &a, Idaho : on the morning of the 26th the atmosphere waa
Nled with floating particles of frost, and as the sun rose two fan-shaped sun-dogs apppared, one on each side of the sun, They were of unusual brilliancy, the one in the north being much the brighter. The colors of the rainbow were displayed
with sparkling brilliancy, and coruscating stretimers were thrown out, causing the display to resemble a miniature aurora borealis. Before the sun-dogs disappeared a half' circle, lying horjzontally in the heavens with the bow towards t h e sun, was formed; its colore were of dazzling brilliancy, 8nd sparks were apparently thrown off similar to those caused b r electricity. The display lasted about one hour, and appeared again in the evening when it was lesa brilliant, During the I
26th a low pressure storm appeared over the middle plateau
noon 'to 3 p. m., 16th. They were
*
rig itest a t 2 p. m., the
-
d P
e a -
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
~~
region southeast of Idaho, and general rain prevailed over the emtern part of' the middle plateau region on the 26th, 26th, and 27th, no geueral rain being reported on those dates in Idaho.
Brilliant meteors were reported as follows : 4th, Granbury,
Tex; l l t l i , Green Bay, Wiu.; 27th, Southport, N. 0. Meteors were also reported us follows: lst, Monticello, Iowa. 4th, Wilmiugton, N. C. ; Eagle's Mere, Pa. 6th, Leicester, Mws. 9th, Nashville, Tenu. 12th, Vevay, Ind.; Wedgwood, N. P. 13th, Villa City, Fla.; Beverly, N. J. 16th, Beaver, Utah. lSth, Wilmington, N . C. 21st, Cockrell, Ill.; Meridian, Miss. ZGth, State College, Pa.
(i XIRAGE.
Mirage were observed d u r m e month ns Sollows: lst, Tri- bune, Kans. 2d, Tribune, Kans. ; Fort Maginnis, Mont. 3d,
Hampton, Iowa; Spearfish, S. Dak. Sth, Spearfish, 5. Dak. 12th, lSth, 16th, and 18th, Tribune Eans. 22d, Scranton, S. Dak. 28th, Webster and Woonsocket, 5. Dak. Spearfish, S. Dak. : a very fine mirage waa observed to the
north and northwest of this place at 8 a. m., 3d. High lands along the Belle Fouch for thirty miles or more mere raised into plain view, and appetired about two or three miles distant.
O M S P R S .
0 SUN SPOTS.
-- d
,s g $ --_
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Haverford Oollege Obs? P. Lea.venworth) :
-
B d
2 % $8 --
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
o n
-
.oo' -
4 6
g p --
o c
o c
O C
o c
o c
o c
0 0
0 0
0 0
o c
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
-
Zory, Pa. (observed by Prof. E'.
-
ei - I k4
-
(Io
P
e a -
0
0
0
0
d
:
0
I2
6
3
6
0
0
0
5
6
-
~
~-
Definition.
Fair. Good. mod. Fair. Fair. Very poor. Fnir. Very poor; through cloud& Poor. Fair. Poor. Fair.
Mr. 0. E. Buzzell, Leaf River, I11 : solar observatious mere
nade only upon sixteen days during February, 1890. The group If January was seen February l o t , and it was the only one loted during the month. Prominent faculre were seen on west imb on 16th. Mr. M. A. Veeder, Lyons, N. P. : no spots mere seen during he month. FRculoe appeared by rotation on the 2d and 16th. )bserv&tions were poor or lacking on the lst, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, Ith, loth, 12th;14th, 17th to 28th. Mr. John W. James, Riley, Ill., and Mr. H. D. Qowey, North lewisburgh, Ohio, report that no sun spots were seen during
he month.
VERIFIOATIONS.
0 FOREUASTS FOR 24 HOURS IN ADVANOE.
[Verifications made by Assistant Professor C. 5'. Marvin, misted by Mr. H. E. Willinme, chief clerk of tho Forccaet Division.]
The forecasts for districts daat of the Rocky Mountains for
Febuary, 1890, were made by 2d Lieutenant W. A. Qlassford, Signal Corps, and those for the Pacific coast districts mere made at San Prancisco, Onl., by 2d Lieutenant J. E. Maxfleld, Signal Corps.
'48 FEBRUARY, 1890. MONTHLY WEATHER BEVLEW.
~__-~
Percentages of forecacrls ver&d, February, 1890.
States.
Maine.. ............................. New Hampshire .................... Vormont.. .......................... Massachusetts.. .................... Rhode Island ....................... Connecticut.. ....................... Enatern New York .................. Western New York ................. Eastern Pennsylvania .............. Western Ponnsylvania.. ............ New Jersey ......................... Delawnre ........................... Marylnnd ........................... District of Columbia.. .............. Virginia ............................
South Carolma.. .................... Qeorgin ............................. Eastern Floridn .................... Weatern Floridn. ...................
North Carolinn .....................
Statos.
ll
81.1
82. o 81.2
79.6
Q. 9 83.6 87.6
87.4 86.2 81.4
85.4
85.5
84.7 82.7
Q. 0
82. I
86.6
87.0
2: d
Kentucky .......................... Ohio. ............................... Wost Virginia ...................... Indinnn ............................. Illinois ............................. Lower Michigw ....................
dsconsin .......................... Minnesota.. ........................ Iowa ................................ Knnsas ............................. Nebrukn ........................... Missouri ........................... Colornd,,. ........................... North Dnkota ...................... Youth Dakota ....................... Southern California* ............... Northern California.. .............. Oregon. ............................ Washington .......................
U per M,ichigan ....................
-
65.6
82. g
81. I
79.5 %* 9 86.9
79. fi Bo. 6
82. a
85. I
81. I
80.6
79.6 79.3 83.4
82.2
89.7 88.9
77.1
84.2
............................ ........................ ........................... ...............................
Q's &y demmls: Weather.. ............. 85.2
Monthly porcentage o f woather nnd
Tempernturet ......... 82.2
Arkansas ........................... E:? I; temwrature combined% .......... 84.0
Alabama Mississippi 87.3 Louisiana 87.3 Texas
Tenncssee .......................... 4.S (1
.In determining the month1 percent e of weather and temperature combined, the Paciflc coast states are not incruded. t y h e forecasts of tempernture in districts east of the Rocky Mountaius for Februnry, 1% wero made with reference to the mnximum temperature alone. that is a y d i c t i o n 02 warmer or ooolor indicated that the mnxi- mum tomperature'of thedhy esi natod would be hfghor or lower than the maximum of the previous day. !The month7y percontage of weather and tempernture combined is determinod by muit!plying the percontage of weather by 6, and the percentage of temperature by 4, and dividing their sum by IO.
OFORECASTS FOR 48 AND 72 HOURS IN ADVANCE.
Appreciating the great importance that long time predic- tions possess for the general public the Chief Signal Offlcer has authorized forecasts for forty-eight and seventy-two hours, covering the second and third days in advance. Such fore-
casts are optional with the predicting ofher, and are only
made when clearly in the public iuterest, and cover, in all cases, considerable area of country, and are not confined to localities. Percentages of verifications of forecasts made for second day
in advance. Namber of prediction8 ninde: weather, 50; tcm-
perat.ure, 44. Percentnges of reri0cations : weather, 63.2; bmperature, 84.3. Weather and temperature combined, 71.0.
For tliircl da.y in advance. Number of predictions made: weether, 7 ; temperature, 7. 1'erceut:iges of veridcations :
weather, 100.0 ; temperature, 14.3 j weather and temperature
combi erl, 66.7.
()~AUTIONABP SIGNALS FOR FEBRUARY, 1890.
statement &owing percentages of justifications of wind Big-
naIs for tho inoiitli of February, I890 :
signab.-(Ordered by Lieutenant W, A. Glassford.)
;GS to velocity, wholly, se\-enty-six, partly, seveu ; justified as
Of t h e signals ordered,
sixty-three were cmtiolinry, Of Which forty were Wholly, and three mere partly j usti fled, and forty-seven were storm Nignals, of which thirty-six were wholly, end four partly justified. Twenty-eight signals were ordered for easterly minds, of which
twenty-seveu were justifie?, a i d eighty-two were ordered for westerly winds, of which eighty mere justified. Percentage of
of signals ordered, one liuudred and ten; JuNtifled
directiou, OIIO huudred and se~eii.
Ordered by Assistant Prolessor T. nus- of SigndS ordered, fonr hundred and
twelve; justified, two hundred and twenty-three. Percentage of justifications, 54.1.
Percentages of local ue~-C1Ecntio)ls of weather and temperature 8 i g d yeport&
~I J directors qf the various State Weather Service.8 for February, 1890.
-- . -.--,
__ ...................... ................... 3 Illinois 74.4 80.3 ! Nebraeka 87.7 Indiana ...................... 84.0 82.0 . Now Jersey ................. 82.0
Missouri ..................... 77.0 7 9 0 soutli Carolina .............. 88.9
...................... ........................ Kansas 83.1 82.4 ! Ohio 82.0 Michigan .................... 83.6 76.2 Oregon ...................... 8:;: 8 .O
Minnesotn ................... 72.0 78.0 I Pennsylvania ............... 79.0 ie0
&.o
1 I
A
-
STATE WEATHER SERVICES.
[ l'eniperutiwe in degrees Fahrenheit ; precipitation, including melted S?LOW, in i n c h and hwidredtha.]
The following extracts and summaries are republished from reports for February, 1890, of the directors o f the various state weather ser&m :
Tern crature.-The avera e temperature was 10 above the normd. Highest month( mean, 61.4, at Motile; lowest monthly mean, 47.9, a t Guntersville; maximum, 84, at Butler, 26th and 27th; minlmum, 24, a t Double Springs, 9th; r t e s t local monthly range, 64, a t Butler, Fayette, and Tuscumhia; least oca1 montbly raiige, 21, at Guntersville. A.cci-pitation.-The average preci itation for the state was 2.14 above the normal; greatest monthly, 12.10, a t d y e t t e ; least monthly, 2.06, a t Bermuda. Wind.-Prevailing direction, south.-P. H. Mell, Signal Corps, Auburn, diredor.
Tempcrakae.-The mean WBKANSAS' mperature wnq 6.9 above that of the same month last gear. hi hest monthly mean, 67.0 a t Texarkana; bwest monthly mean, 44.8, at Leaf Hill; maximum, 81, at Ikad Hill, 24th; minimiim 4,
at Window, 28th; greatest local monthly range 76, at Lead Hill, Pine h u f f , and Winslow; least local monthly range, 60, a t t i t t l e Rock.
Precipitation.-The average precipitation for the state was 4.36 above the average of last year. Greatest monthly, 11.08, at Conway; least monthly, 4.96, at Dallns.-X. F. Locke, Comrnishmr of Agriculture, Little Rock, director; W. 17. Sintom, Sergeant, Signal Corps, aanktant.
c) ALABAMA.
8 QOLORADO.
Temperature.-The monthly mean was 8 above the average for the last three years. Highest monthly mean, 88.0, at Durango; lowest monthly mean,
18.0, a t Climax; maximum, 80, nt Lamar and Las Animae, 4th; minimum, -27, a t Breckenridge, 28th; greatcst local monthly range, 100, a t Brecken- rid e; least local monthly range 49, at Rifle Falls. %recipitation.-The average for the state was somewhat in excees of the average of the lest three years; greatest monthly, 4.40, a t Aspen; least monthly, 0.08, a t Wigwam and Fort Morgan. Wid.-Prevailin direction, west.-Prof. F. E. Loud, Colorado Sp?-irigs, director; s. L&&, corporal, Signal corps, asalktant.
4 ILLINOIS.
Teni eralure.-The mean for the month was 6.9 above the normal of the past fifeen years; highest monthly mean, 44:0, at Golconda; lowest monthly mean, 29.6, at Sycamore; maximum, i 8 , at Jordan's Grove, 17th; minitnum, zero, a t Riley and Quincy, 2lst and 28th; greatest local monthly rrttige, 70,
at Collin..ville, Jordan's Qrove, and White Hall. Precipitation-The average for the month was 0.48 below the normal of the past twelve years; greatest monthly, 7.47, at Golconda; least monthly,
1.00, at Gibson City. Wind.-Prevailing direction, northwest.--Johr Craig, Sergeant, Sigtlal
corps, Sprin&ild. in charge.
Qsc INDIANA.
Temperature.-Like the preceding month8 of this winter, February woB
warm throughout; hi hest montbly mean, 45.3, a t Marengo; lowest monthly mean, 83.5, at Angofa; maximum, 78, at Huntlngburgh, 4th; minimum, 6 ,
at La Fayette, 9th; greatest local monthly ran e, 60, a t La Fayette; l e u t local monthly range? 49, at Richmond and Angofa. Pfecipitation.-I he avera e for the state was 1.66 in excess of the normal;
greateat monthly, 12.12, at Iftuntingburgh; least monthly, 1.40, a t Mnrion. Wind.-. Prevailing directions, southwest and northwest-Prof. 1% A. Hm- tou, La Fayette, director; c. J'. 12. Wappenlram, Sergeant, Signal CWp8, assietant.