MONO91 Indexes Compiled by Machine chapter Mary Elizabeth Stevens National Bureau of Standards Harvard, and Yale Universities for computer preparation of book catalogs for books published from 1960 onward (Kilgour, et al 1963 [ 324]). Another recent illustrative example of the production of printed book catalogs by means of computer compilation is that of the Boeing "SLIP" System (Weinstein and Spry, 1963 [633]). Mong with recognition of computer-processing potentialities there has emerged increased awareness of the desirability of taking advantage of one-time recording of information to serve multiple purposes: the principle of by-product data generation. The advantages for the library and document collection are that a single recording of biblio- graphic information in machine-usable form can lead to a variety of products, specifically including printed book catalogs, 1/ recurrent and demand bibliographies, the requisite number of copies for conventional card catalogs, card catalog sets or catalog listings for the personal use of the individual worker, input to mechanized selection and retrieval systems, and machine-manipulatable data for such other purposes as circulation control. Turner and Kennedy report, for example, the initial use of a Flexowriter to prepare library catalog cards and the by-product generation, via a 1401 computer, of bi-weekly listings of unclassified report titles at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, the "SAPIR" System (Turner and Kennedy, 1961 [615]). Chasen discusses a change from a previous punched card system for circulation and recall at General Electric's Missile and Space Division Laboratory to a combined Flexowriter and G.E. 225 computer procedure to provide mechanized retrieval, compilation of desk catalogs, computer updating of catalogs and files, and the maintenance of subscription lists (Chasen, 1963 [108]). Fasana describes a system at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library where typing indications in the tape are used as boundary codes. He reports: "Input tapes are currently being processed on a computer to automatically produce catalog card sets, circulation control records, and book form indexes. Original input tapes now being accumulated will form the basis of a machine-searchable file to be used in the future for more sophisticated printouts and searches.' 2/ For such applications, Durkin and White make the following typical claims: "The system described has permitted the IBM Command Control Center Engineering Library to produce its catalog cards and library bulletin both faster and cheaper. Since a by-product of this process is the preparation of all catalog information in See for example, Olney, 1963 [458], p.42: "During the past few years a number of libraries have initiated a program of mechanization... by punching on IBM cards or paper tape some of the bibliographic information normally giyen on catalog cards. Recording this information in machine-readable form makes it very easy to prepare printed book catalogs. 1/ 2/ Fasana, 1963 [195], p. 326. This system involves the Natural Format" and procedures developed for AFCRL see also Lipetz et al, 1962 [368]. 23 "Machine-Interpretable by Itek Corporation;