Forest and Rangeland Birds of the United States

Natural History and Habitat Use

Tables

Table 5. Birds Occuring in Southwestern and Western Nonforest Habitats

Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Pied-billed Grebe					X		X
Horned Grebe					X		X
Eared Grebe					X		X
Western Grebe					X		X
Double-crested Cormorant					X		X
American Bittern					X		X
Least Bittern					X
Great Blue Heron					X	X	X	X
Great Egret					X		X
Snowy Egret					X		X
Cattle Egret					X	X
Green-backed Heron					X		X
Black-crowned Night-Heron					X		X	X
White-faced Ibis					X	X	X
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck					X
Tundra Swan					X	X	X	X
Trumpeter Swan							X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Greater White-fronted Goose						X	X
Snow Goose					X	X	X
Ross' Goose						X	X
Canada Goose					X	X	X	X
Wood Duck					X		X
Green-winged Teal					X	X	X	X
Mallard					X	X	X	X
Northern Pintail					X	X	X	X
Blue-winged Teal					X	X	X	X
Cinnamon Teal					X	X	X	X
Northern Shoveler					X	X	X	X
Gadwall					X	X	X	X
American Wigeon					X	X	X	X
Canvasback					X		X
Redhead					X		X
Ring-necked Duck					X		X
Greater Scaup							X
Lesser Scaup					X	X	X
Harlequin Duck							X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Common Goldeneye					X		X
Barrow's Goldeneye							X
Bufflehead					X		X
Hooded Merganser							X
Common Merganser					X		X	X
Red-breasted Merganser							X
Ruddy Duck					X		X	X
Black Vulture		X	X
Turkey Vulture	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
California Condor						X		X
Osprey					X		X
Black-shouldered Kite						X	X	X
Bald Eagle	X				X	X	X	X
Northern Harrier	X				X	X	X	X
Sharp-shinned Hawk	X	X			X		X	X
Cooper's Hawk	X						X	X	X
Northern Goshawk	X						X	X
Common Black-Hawk					X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Harris' Hawk		X	X		X
Gray Hawk					X
Red-shouldered Hawk						X	X
Swainson's Hawk	X	X	X	X		X	X	X
Zone-tailed Hawk					X		X
Red-tailed Hawk	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Ferruginous Hawk	X	X	X	X
Rough-legged Hawk	X	X	X	X		X		X
Golden Eagle	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
American Kestrel	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Merlin	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Peregrine Falcon	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Prairie Falcon	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Gray Partridge	X					X
Chukar	X
Ring-necked Pheasant	X					X	X
Blue Grouse							X	X
White-tailed Ptarmigan								X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Ruffed Grouse							X
Sage Grouse	X						X	X
Sharp-tailed Grouse	X					X		X
Wild Turkey	X	X			X		X		X
Montezuma Quail		X			X				X
Northern Bobwhite		X				X	X
Scaled Quail		X	X			X
Gambel's Quail	X	X	X	X	X				X
California Quail	X				X	X
Mountain Quail	X						X	X
Clapper Rail					X
Virginia Rail					X		X	X
Sora					X		X	X
Common Moorhen					X
American Coot					X	X	X	X
Sandhill Crane					X	X	X
Whooping Crane					X
Killdeer	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Mountain Plover						X		X
Black-necked Stilt					X		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
American Avocet					X	X	X	X
Greater Yellowlegs					X		X
Willet					X		X
Spotted Sandpiper					X	X	X	X
Upland Sandpiper						X		X
Long-billed Curlew					X	X	X	X
Marbled Godwit						X	X	X
Least Sandpiper					X	X	X
Long-billed Dowitcher					X		X
Common Snipe					X	X	X	X
Wilson's Phalarope					X		X
Franklin's Gull					X	X	X	X
Ring-billed Gull					X	X	X
California Gull					X	X	X
Herring Gull					X		X
Caspian Tern							X
Forster's Tern					X	X	X	X
Black Tern					X	X	X	X
Rock Dove					X	X	X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Band-tailed Pigeon	X	X			X	X	X
White-winged Dove		X	X	X	X
Mourning Dove	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Inca Dove		X	X
Common Ground-Dove		X	X		X
Black-billed Cuckoo							X
Yellow-billed Cuckoo	X	X	X	X	X		X
Greater Roadrunner		X	X	X	X	X
Common Barn-owl	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Flamulated Owl	X				X		X
Eastern Screech-Owl			X				X
Western Screech-Owl	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Whiskered Screech-Owl		X			X
Great Horned Owl	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Northern Pygmy-Owl	X				X		X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl		X			X
Elf Owl		X	X		X
Burrowing Owl	X		X	X		X		X
Spotted Owl	X				X		X
Great Gray Owl							X
Long-eared Owl	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Short-eared Owl	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Northern Saw-whet Owl	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Lesser Nighthawk		X	X	X		X
Common Nighthawk	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Common Poorwill	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Whip-poor-will		X			X
Black Swift				X			X	X
Vaux's Swift							X	X
White-throated Swift	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Broad-billed Hummingbird		X	X		X
Violet-crowned Hummingbird		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Blue-throated Hummingbird		X	X		X
Magnificent Hummingbird		X			X
Black-chinned Hummingbird	X	X		X	X		X	X	X
Anna's Hummingbird							X
Costa's Hummingbird		X		X
Calliope Humminbird	X						X	X
Broad-tailed Hummingbird	X	X					X	X
Rufous Hummingbird	X	X					X	X	X
Allen's Hummingbird		X					X	X
Elegant Trogon					X		X
Belted Kingfisher					X		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Lewis' Woodpecker							X
Acorn Woodpecker		X			X		X
Gila Woodpecker		X			X
Red-naped Sapsucker					X
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker					X		X
Red-breasted Sapsucker							X
Williamson's Sapsucker	X				X		X
Ladder-backed Woodpecker		X	X	X	X		X
Nuttall's Woodpecker							X
Downy Woodpecker					X		X
Hairy Woodpecker					X		X
Strickland's Woodpecker		X			X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Northern Flicker	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Pileated Woodpecker							X
Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet		X			X
Olive-sided Flycatcher							X		X
Greater Pewee		X			X
Western Wood-Pewee					X		X
Willow Flycatcher	X				X		X	X
Hammond's Flycatcher							X		X
Dusky Flycatcher	X						X	X
Gray Flycatcher	X
Western Flycatcher							X	X
Buff-breasted Flycatcher		X			X
Black Phoebe		X	X	X	X	X
Say's Phoebe	X	X	X	X		X	X
Vermillion Flycatcher		X	X		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Dusky-capped Flycatcher		X			X
Ash-throated Flycatcher		X	X	X	X		X		X
Brown-crested Flycatcher		X			X		X
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher		X			X
Cassin's Kingbird	X	X	X	X	X	X
Thick-billed Kingbird		X	X		X
Western Kingbird	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Eastern Kingbird	X		X			X	X
Rose-throated Becard		X			X
Horned Lark	X	X	X	X		X	X	X
Purple Martin		X			X	X	X	X
Tree Swallow					X	X	X	X
Violet-green Swallow	X				X	X	X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Northern Rough-winged Swallow	X				X	X	X
Bank Swallow	X	X			X	X	X
Cliff Swallow					X	X	X	X	X
Barn Swallow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Gray Jay							X
Steller's Jay							X		X
Scrub Jay	X	X		X		X	X		X
Gray-breasted Jay			X		X
Pinyon Jay	X	X	X	X			X
Clark's Nutcracker							X	X	X
Black-billed Magpie	X				X	X	X	X
Yellow-billed Magpie						X	X
American Crow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Chihuahuan Raven		X	X			X
Common Raven	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Black-capped Chickadee	X						X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Mountain Chickadee	X						X	X
Chestnut-backed Chickadee							X
Bridled Titmouse		X			X		X
Plain Titmouse	X	X	X		X		X
Verdin		X	X	X
Bushtit	X	X			X		X
Red-breasted Nuthatch							X
White-breasted Nuthatch					X		X
Pygmy Nuthatch					X		X
Brown Creeper					X		X
Cactus Wren		X	X	X
Rock Wren	X	X	X	X
Canyon Wren	X	X		X			X
Bewick's Wren		X	X	X		X	X		X
House Wren	X	X	X		X	X	X	X
Winter Wren					X		X
Marsh Wren	X				X		X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
American Dipper							X	X
Golden-crowned Kinglet							X
Ruby-crowned Kinglet					X		X
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	X	X	X		X		X
Black-tailed Gnatcatcher		X	X		X
Western Bluebird	X				X	X	X	X
Mountain Bluebird	X	X	X	X		X	X	X
Townsend's Solitaire	X				X		X	X
Veery							X
Swainson's Thrush					X		X
Hermit Thrush	X					X	X	X
American Robin	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Varied Thrush							X	X
Wrentit							X
Gray Catbird							X
Northern Mockingbird	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Sage Thrasher	X	X		X		X	X
Bendire's Thrasher		X	X		X	X
Curve-billed Thrasher		X	X		X
California Thrasher							X
Crissal Thrasher					X
Le Conte's Thrasher	X			X
Water Pipit	X					X	X	X
Bohemian Waxwing	X						X
Cedar Waxwing	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Phainopepla		X	X		X
Northern Shrike	X					X	X	X
Loggerhead Shrike	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
European Starling	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Bell's Vireo				X	X	X
Gray Vireo	X
Solitary Vireo	X				X		X		X
Hutton's Vireo		X			X		X
Warbling Vireo					X		X
Orange-crowned Warbler	X				X		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Nashville Warbler							X
Virginia's Warbler	X				X		X
Lucy's Warbler		X	X	X	X		X
Yellow Warbler	X				X		X	X
Yellow-rumped Warbler	X				X		X
Black-throated Gray Warbler	X	X		X	X		X		X
Townsend's Warbler							X
Hermit Warbler							X
Grace's Warbler							X
Ovenbird							X
MacGillivray's Warbler	X						X	X
Common Yellowthroat					X		X	X
Wilson's Warbler					X		X	X
Red-faced Warbler					X		X
Painted Redstart					X		X
Yellow-breasted Chat	X				X		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Olive Warbler							X
Hepatic Tanager							X
Summer Tanager					X		X
Western Tanager	X				X		X
Northern Cardinal		X	X		X
Pyrrhuloxia		X	X		X
Rose-breasted Grosbeak							X
Black-headed Grosbeak	X				X		X		X
Blue Grosbeak					X	X	X
Lazuli Bunting	X	X			X	X	X	X
Indigo Bunting					X		X
Varied Bunting		X	X		X
Green-tailed Towhee	X	X			X		X
Rufous-sided Towhee	X	X			X		X		X
Brown Towhee		X	X	X	X	X	X
Abert's Towhee		X	X		X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Botteri's Sparrow		X
Cassin's Sparrow		X	X			X
Rufous-winged Sparrow		X
Rufous-crowned Sparrow	X	X	X				X
American Tree Sparrow	X						X
Chipping Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Clay-colored Sparrow		X	X			X
Brewer's Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X	X
Black-chinned Sparrow	X	X	X						X
Vesper Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Lark Sparrow	X	X				X	X
Black-throated Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X
Sage Sparrow	X	X	X	X			X
Lark Bunting						X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Savannah Sparrow	X	X	X		X	X	X	X
Grasshopper Sparrow		X	X	X	X	X	X
Fox Sparrow	X				X		X
Song Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Lincoln's Sparrow					X		X	X
Swamp Sparrow							X	X
White-throated Sparrow			X		X		X
Golden-crowned Sparrow						X	X	X
White-crowned Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Harris' Sparrow	X						X
Dark-eyed Junco	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Yellow-eyed Junco		X			X
McCown's Longspur		X	X			X		X
Lapland Longspur	X					X		X
Chestnut-collared Longspur		X	X			X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Bobolink							X
Red-winged Blackbird					X	X	X	X
Tricolored Blackbird						X	X
Eastern Meadowlark		X	X
Western Blackbird	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Yellow-headed Blackbird					X		X
Rusty Blackbird							X
Brewer's Blackbird					X	X	X	X
Great-tailed Grackle		X	X		X	X
Common Grackle							X
Bronzed Cowbird		X			X
Brown-headed Cowbird	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Hooded Oriole		X			X
Northern Oriole					X	X	X
Scott's Oriole		X	X	X					X
Rosy Finch	X					X		X
Pine Grosbeak	X						X	X
Bird Species	Great Basin shrubsteppe	Sonoran Desert scrub	Chihuahuan Desert scrub	Mojave Desert scrub	Desert riparian deciduous woodlands, marshes	Annual grasslands, farms	River, riparian woodlands, subalpine marshes	Mountain and alpine meadows	Relict conifer forests, madrean evergreen woodlands
Purple Finch	X	X			X		X	X
Cassin's Finch	X						X	X
House Finch	X	X			X	X	X	X
Red Crossbill	X						X
Common Redpoll	X						X
Pine Siskin	X					X	X	X
Lesser Goldfinch	X	X	X	X	X	X
Lawrence's Goldfinch		X		X		X
American Goldfinch	X				X	X	X	X
Evening Grosbeak	X				X		X
House Sparrow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X

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