Record 97 of 382 - CRIS/ICAR 9/96 
 TI:  SELECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ARTHROPODS WITHIN PERENNIAL FRUIT AND NUT CROPS 
 IN:  WELTER-S-C 
 PO:  ENTOMOLOGY. UNIV OF CALIFORNIA 
 LO:  BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94720. 
 FY:  1995 
 CL:   
                   PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION                  GENERAL CLASSIF. 
          RPA     ACTVTY   CMMDTY   SCNCE    PRCNT           PRGM     JTC 
          R204    A4500    C1000    F0412    100%            P3.13    J2B 
 PH:  R204 (Insect-Control-Fruit,-Vegetables); 
      A4500 (Protection-Against-Insects); 
      C1000 (Deciduous-and-Small-Fruits-and-Nuts); 
      F0412 (Entomology-Plant) 
 GH:  P3.13 (Fruit); 
      J2B (Plant-Protection) 
 SC:  S1010 (Deciduous-Tree-Fruits,-General) 50%; 
      S1050 (Edible-Tree-Nuts,-General) 50%; 
      PST2 (Target-II-Nonpesticidal-Control) 100%; 
      IPMC (Integrated-Control-Control-Components) 100% 
 DE:  PEARS; APPLES; STRAWBERRIES; INSECTS; NUTS; INSECT-MANAGEMENT; FRUIT;
 PRUNES; PISTACHIOS; PHENOLOGY; INSECTICIDE-RESISTANCE;
 INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT-INSECTS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL-(INSECTS);
 ANAPHES-OVIJENTATUS; INSECT-PHEROMONES; LYGUS; LEIOPHRON-UNIFORMIS;
 CARPOCAPSA-POMONELLA 
 CT:  Basic 50%; Applied 50%; Developmental 0% 
 OB:  Enhanced use of natural enemies in perennial crops and the development of
 decision criteria for predicting effective biological control, development of
 selective monitoring techniques for predicting pest movements and phenology,
 characterization of insecticide resistance in key pests, and development of
 selective procedures for management of codling moth in pome fruit orchards.. 
 AP:  Classical, augmentative, and conservation approaches will be used for the
 biological control components of the proposal. Monitoring techniques will
 focus on pheromone based systems. Insecticide resistance research will include
 laboratory and field assays. Both selective insecticide and pheromone based
 programs will be investigated. 
 PR:  9401 TO 9412 
      Implementation of a regional mating disruption program for control of
 codling moth, CYDIA POMONELLA, in the Sacramento region of California
 continued for the second year of a three year program. The project encompasses
 760 contiguous acres of pears such that >90% of the population is under a
 common management program that does not select for insecticide resistance.
 Mating disruption reduced the use of azinphosmethyl, the most toxic
 insecticide commonly used in pears by 90%; 60% of the acreage in the project
 was not treated. Infestation by codling moth averaged less than 1%. Managing
 codling moth as a discrete population allowed for the first documented
 reversion in resistance to azinphosmethyl by 20-25% as selection pressure from
 azinphosmethyl was reduced. Using ecological genetic techniques (sib and
 half-sib analyses), resistance to azinphosmethyl was shown to be a polygenic,
 semi-recessive trait. An augmentative biological control using inundative
 releases of ANAPHES IOLE to control LYGUS HESPERUS in California strawberries
 in 1994 provided commercially acceptable control of Lygus (<0.2 Lygus per
 plant at peak infestation levels) despite the complete elimination of
 insecticides for control of Lygus. Using release rates of 15,000 ANAPHES per
 week, significant reductions in seasonal Lygus nymphs were correlated with
 depressions in fruit injury from Lygus. Parasitism levels averaged
 approximately 60% for the season in contrast to a background level of 10% in
 untreated controls. 
 PB:  9401 TO 9412 
      SHEARER, P. W., VARELA, L. G., RIEDL, H., WELTER, S C., and JONES, V. P.
 1994. Topical pheromone trap assay for monitoring insecticide resistance of
 PHYLLONORYCTER ELMAELLA (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). J. Econ. Entomol.
 87(6):1441-1449. 
 PB:  9301 TO 9312 
      No publications reported this period. 
 PB:  9201 TO 9212 
      VARELA, L. G. AND WELTER, S. C. 1992. Parasitoids of the leafminer,
 PHYLLONORYCTER NR. ELMAELLA (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), on apple in
 California: Abundance, impact on leafminer, and insecticide-induced mortality.
 Biological Control. 
 PB:  9102 TO 9112 
      VARELA, L.G., WELTER, S.C., JONES, V.P., BRUNNER, J.F. and RIEDL, H.
 ACCEPTED. Monitoring and characterization of insecticide resistance in codling
 moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in four western states. J. Econ. Entomol.
 NORTON, A.P., WELTER, S.C., FLEXNER, L., JACKSON, C.G., DEBOLT, J. and PICKEL,
 C. ACCEPTED. Evaluation of ANAPHES IOLE (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and
 LEIOPHRONUNIFORMS (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitism of LYGUS HERSPERUS in
 CA strawber. 
 OC:  000910 
 IC:  001312 
 SU:  Region 4 (Western). 
 PS:  NEW 
 UD:  9102 
 UP:  9506 
 PP:  9412 
       
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