Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ingersoll, Chris Publication_Date: 1993 Title: An Ecological Assessment of Metal Contaminated Sediments in the Upper Clark Fork River Other_Citation_Details: This metadata file can be found at: ftp://ftp.emtc.usgs.gov/pub/nbii_metadata/brdcerc0002.txt (text format) and ftp://ftp.emtc.usgs.gov/pub/nbii_metadata/brdcerc0002.html (HTML format) and ftp://ftp.emtc.usgs.gov/pub/nbii_metadata/brdcerc0002.sgml (SGML format). Description: Abstract: A comprehensive field and laboratory approach to the ecological risk assessment for the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments site, a Superfund site in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, was conducted previously. The risk assessment addressed concerns over the ecological impacts of upstream releases of mining wastes to fisheries of the upper Clark Fork River and the benthic and terrestrial habitats further downstream in Milltown Reservoir. The risk characterization component of the process integrated results from a triad of information sources: (a) chemistry studies of environmental media to identify and quantify exposures of terrestrial and aquatic organisms to site-related contaminants; (b) ecological or population studies of terrestrial vegetation, birds, benthic communities, and fish; and (e) in situ and laboratory toxicity studies with terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and plants, small mammals, amphibians, and fish exposed to contaminated surface water, sediments, wetland soils, and food sources. Trophic transfer studies were performed on waterfowl, mammals, and predatory birds using field measurement data on metals concentrations in environment media and lower tropospheric food sources. Studies with sediment exposures were incorporated into the Sediment Quality Triad approach to evaluate risks to benthic ecology. Overall results of the wetland and terrestrial studies suggested that acute adverse biological effects were largely absent from the wetland; however, adverse effects to reproductive, growth, and physiological end points of various terrestrial and aquatic species were related to metals exposures in more highly contaminated depositional areas. Feeding studies with contaminated diet collected from the upper Clark Fork River indicated that trout may be at high risk from elevated metals concentrations in surface water, sediment, and aquatic invertebrates. Integration of chemical analyses with toxicological and ecological evaluations of metal effects on the wetland and fishery has provided an important foundation for environmental decisions at this site. Purpose: To Integrate chemical analyses with toxicological and ecological evaluations of metal effects on the wetland and fishery in order to provide an important foundation for environmental decisions at this site. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19910722 Ending_Date: 19910919 Currentness_Reference: From principal investigator notes Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: The Clark Fork River, located in southwestern Montana, is the largest tributary of the Columbia River in the northwestern United States. The upper Clark Fork River also supports a cold-water trout fishery. The upper Clark Fork River from the Butte and Anaconda area to at least 230 km downstream at Milltown Reservoir is contaminated with As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn primarily from mining activities. Silver Bow Creek, the upper Clark Fork River, and Milltown Reservoir have been designated Superfund sites by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency because of metal-contaminated bottom sediments and arsenic (As) in drinking water. Note: the following coordinates are taken from a road atlas based on the above description. Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -114. East_Bounding_Coordinate: -112. North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47. South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.5 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: AVS Theme_Keyword: Acid-volatile sulfides Theme_Keyword: Amphipods Theme_Keyword: Benthic invertebrates Theme_Keyword: Bioaccumulation Theme_Keyword: Biological Risk Assessment Theme_Keyword: Brown Trout Theme_Keyword: Chironomidae Theme_Keyword: Chironomus tentans Theme_Keyword: Clark Fork River Theme_Keyword: Clark Fork River sediment Theme_Keyword: Chironomus riparius Theme_Keyword: Daphnia magna Theme_Keyword: Fish Theme_Keyword: Hyalella azteca Theme_Keyword: Invertebrates Theme_Keyword: Metals Theme_Keyword: Midges Theme_Keyword: Milltown Reservoir Theme_Keyword: Mining Wastes Theme_Keyword: Oligochaeta Theme_Keyword: Oligochaetes Theme_Keyword: Oncorhynchus mykiss Theme_Keyword: Pore water Theme_Keyword: Rainbow Trout Theme_Keyword: Salmo trutta Theme_Keyword: Sediment Theme_Keyword: Sediment Quality Triad Theme_Keyword: Toxicity Theme_Keyword: Trout Theme_Keyword: Wetland Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Clark Fork River, Montana Place_Keyword: Missoula Place_Keyword: Montana Taxonomy: Taxonomic_Keywords: Hyalella azteca Taxonomic_Keywords: Daphnia magna Taxonomic_Keywords: Chironomus riparius Taxonomic_Keywords: Salmo trutta (Brown trout) Taxonomic_Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) Taxonomic_Keywords: amphipods Taxonomic_Keywords: midges Taxonomic_Keywords: oligochaetes Taxonomic_Keywords: fish Taxonomic_Keywords: trout Taxonomy: Taxonomic_Coverage: General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Aquatic invertebrates and fish, amphipods, midges, oligochaetes: Hyalella azteca, Chironomus riparius, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Daphnia magna. Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Chris Ingersoll Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division [formerly: National Biological Service,] Columbia Environmental Research Center [formerly: Environmental and Contaminants Research Center] [formerly: Midwest Science Center] Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 4200 New Haven Road City: Columbia State_or_Province: MO Postal_Code: 65201-9634 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (573) 876-1819 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (573) 876-1896 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: chris_ingersoll@usgs.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Pascoe, G. A. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Characterization of Ecological Risks at the Milltown Reservoir - Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund site, Montana Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 13:2043-2058 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Besser, J. M. et al. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Effects of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Acid-Volatile Sulfide on the Bioavailability of Copper and Zinc in Freshwater Sediments Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 15:286-293 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Canfield, T. J. et al. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Use of Benthic Invertebrate Community Structure and the Sediment Quality Triad to Evaluate Metal-Contaminated Sediment in the Upper Clark Fork River, Montana Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 13:1994-2012 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ingersoll, C. G. et al Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Bioaccumulation of metals by Hyalella Azteca exposed to contaminated sediments from the upper Clark Fork River, Montana Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 13:2013-2020 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Brumbaugh, W. G. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Chemical Characteristics of Sediments and Pore Water From the Upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 13:1971-1983 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kemble, N. E. et al Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Toxicity of Metal-Contaminated Sediments from the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, to aquatic invertebrates and fish in laboratory exposures. Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 13:1985-1997 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: unknown Logical_Consistency_Report: unknown Completeness_Report: unknown Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: field Methodology_Description: Benthic invertebrates were collected from depositional areas at each of six Clark Fork River Stations. All benthos samples were collected before collection of sediment samples for chemistry and toxicity testing in an effort to minimize disturbance of the sediments and associated invertebrates. Five replicate Ponar samples were taken at each station within a 100-m2 area. Each replicate consisted of one grab sample. Benthic samples were taken from about the upper 6 cm of the sediment surface. Samples were sieved through an ASTM no.l 30 sieve (533 micrometers); retained sieve materials were transferred to 1-L glass jars, preserved in buffered 10% formalin, and transported to the laboratory. Sediment samples for toxicity testing and sediment chemistry were similarly collected from the upper 6 cm. of sediment in depositional zones with a petite Ponar grab or polypropylene scoop. Each toxicity/chemistry sample was a composite of a minimum of 10 grabs/station. Methodology: Methodology_Type: taxonomic identification Methodology_Description: Before sorting, benthic samples were rinsed with tap water to remove formalin and excess silt or mud. The samples were then drained of excess water, returned to the original jars, filled with 95% ethanol, and allowed to soak for at least 24 hours to extract volatile compounds. After the 24-h extraction period, each sample was rinsed again with tap water to remove the ethanol and volatile compounds, and fresh 95% ethanol was added to each sample. Samples with more than 200 ml of retained material were split into eight equal subsamples. Four of the eight subsamples were sorted and enumerated. The remaining four subsamples were placed in separate containers and archived. Samples that were not split were completely sorted. Methodology: Methodology_Type: field Methodology_Description: Benthic invertebrates were collected from depositional areas at each of six Clark Fork River Stations. All benthos samples were collected before collection of sediment samples for chemistry and toxicity testing in an effort to minimize disturbance of the sediments and associated invertebrates. Five replicate Ponar samples were taken at each station within a 100-m2 area. Each replicate consisted of one grab sample. Benthic samples were taken from about the upper 6 cm of the sediment surface. Samples were sieved through an ASTM no.l 30 sieve (533 micrometers); retained sieve materials were transferred to 1-L glass jars, preserved in buffered 10% formalin, and transported to the laboratory. Sediment samples for toxicity testing and sediment chemistry were similarly collected from the upper 6 cm. of sediment in depositional zones with a petite Ponar grab or polypropylene scoop. Each toxicity/chemistry sample was a composite of a minimum of 10 grabs/station. Methodology: Methodology_Type: physical characterizations of sediment Methodology_Description: Sediment samples from each station were subsampled within 1 week of collection from field. Sediment subsamples were characterized for the following physical variables: percentage water, particle size, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and ash-free dry weight. Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kemble N. E. et al Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Sediment Toxicology Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Helena, MT Publisher: National Technical Information Service Methodology_Type: Chemical characterizations of sediment Methodology_Description: Sediment subsamples were characterized for the following chemical variables: acid-volatile sulfides (AVS), reducible iron and manganese, metals, and organic contaminants. Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brumbaugh, W. G. et al Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir. Series_Information: Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Issue_Identification: 13(12) Methodology_Type: toxicity tests on sediments Methodology_Description: Whole-sediment toxicity tests were conducted with the following tests and species: amphipods (Hyalella azteca), midges (Chironomus riparius), cladocerans (Daphnia magna), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kemble N. E. et al Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Sediment Toxicology Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Helena, MT Publisher: National Technical Information Service Process_Step: Process_Description: None Process_Date: Unknown Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Based on local reference names Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Aquatic Invertebrates and Fish: Hyalella Azteca, Chironomus riparius, rainbow trout, Daphnia magna Studied for effects of heavy metals on length, sexual maturation, survival. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Canfield, T. J. et al., 1994 "Use of Benthic Invertebrate Community Structure and the Sediment Quality Triad to Evaluate Metal-Contaminated Sediment in the Upper Clark Fork River, Montana", Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 13(12) Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: National Technical Information Service Contact_Person: Unknown Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical address City: Springfield State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: unknown Contact_Voice_Telephone: unknown Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: unknown Distribution_Liability: No warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from the Biological Resources Division (BRD) and not indirectly though other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. Neither the BRD nor the NASA Global Change Master Directory shall be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: unknown Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: Data available through NTIS Recording_Format: unknown Fees: Purchased through NTIS Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 1993 Metadata_Review_Date: 19960726 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Hughes STX Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical address City: Greenbelt State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20770 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 441-4249 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 441-9486 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata. Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995