Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)

Washington Heights, Northern Manhattan (Stern Y et al.1992)

o 1-hour test battery developed for use in this study: Orientation (10 orientation items from MMSE); Verbal reasoning (Similarities subtest of WAIS-R); Nonverbal reasoning (Identities and Oddities subtest of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale); Letter fluency (Controlled Word Association Test); Category fluency (animals, foods, clothing); Repetition (repeat high-frequency phrases from Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Repetition of Phrases subtest); Auditory comprehension (first 6 items of Complex Ideational Material subtest of Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination); Word list learning and memory (Selective Reminding Test); Visuoperceptual skills (Figure matching - Benton Visual Retention Test); Nonverbal memory (multiple choice version of Benton Visual Retention Test); Visuoconstructional skills (Rosen Drawing Test); Attention (target-detection tasks).

o 2128 residents of Washington Heights in northern New York City were followed for 5 years, from 1991-1996. Dementia evaluations were also conducted. Patients who met criteria for probable or possible AD with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale score of 0.5 or higher were considered to have a clinical diagnosis of dementia.

Stricks L, Pittman J, Jacobs DM, Sano M, Stern Y. Normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery administered to English- and Spanish-speaking community-dwelling elders. J International Neuropsychological Society. 1998;4:311-8.

Romas SN, Mayeux R, Tang MX et al. (2000). No association between a presenilin 1 polymorphism and Alzheimer disease.

Devi G et al. (2000). Familial aggregation of Alzheimer disease among whites, African Americans, and Caribbean Hispanics in northern Manhattan.

Tang MX, Stern Y et al. (1998). The APOE-episilon4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer Disease among African Americans, White, and Hispanics.