U N E D I T E D L O C A L C L I M A T O L O G I C A L D A T A **NOTICE OF CHANGE: Effective July 28, 2000, observations contained in the Unedited Local Climatological Data Hourly Observations table are reported in whole degrees Fahrenheit. The dry bulb, dewpoint and wet bulb temperature columns were originally reported to the nearest tenth of a degree Fahrenheit. The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) records temperatures and dewpoints in whole degrees Fahrenheit, then converts these values to the nearest tenth of a degree Celsius for observation transmission. Until this date, these values online have incorrectly been converted back to the nearest tenth of a degree Fahrenheit, implying a level of precision that is not present at the instrument level. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. The Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) generally records temperatures and dewpoints in whole degrees Fahrenheit, then converts these values to the nearest whole degree Celsius for observation transmission. Also, AWOS stations will often have less data (ie, fewer weather elements) than ASOS stations. NCDC forms contain: whole degree Celsius temperature values for AWOS stations tenths degrees Celsius temperature values for ASOS stations NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR DAILY TABLE ----------------------------------------------------------------- | NUMERICAL | | | COLUMN | TERMINOLOGY | |------------|--------------------------------------------------| | 1 | DATE | |------------|--------------------------------------------------| |TEMPERATURE:| (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) | |------------|--------------------------------------------------| | 2 | MAXIMUM | | 3 | MINIMUM | | 4 | AVERAGE | | 5 | DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL | | 6 | AVERAGE DEW POINT | | 7 | AVERAGE WET BULB | |------------|--------------------------------------------------| |DEGREE DAYS:| BASE 65 F | |------------|--------------------------------------------------| | 8 | HEATING (SEASON BEGINS WITH JULY) | | 9 | COOLING (SEASON BEGINS WITH JANUARY) | |---------------------------------------------------------------| |SIGNIFICANT | | |WEATHER | | TYPES: | WEATHER PHENOMENA | |------------|--------------------------------------------------| | | +FC TORNADO/WATERSPOUT | | | FC FUNNEL CLOUD | | | TS THUNDERSTORM | | | GR HAIL | | | RA RAIN | | | DZ DRIZZLE | | | SN SNOW | | | SG SNOW GRAINS | | | GS SMALL HAIL &/OR SNOW PELLETS | | | PL ICE PELLETS | | 10 | IC CRYSTALS | | | FG+ HEAVY FOG (FG & LE.25 MILES) | | | FG FOG | | | BR MIST | | | UP UNKNOWN PRECIPITATION | | | HZ HAZE | | | FU SMOKE | | | VA VOLCANIC ASH | | | DU WIDESPREAD DUST | | | DS DUSTSTORM | | | PO SAND/DUST WHIRLS | | | SA SAND | | | SS SANDSTORM | | | PY SPRAY | | | SQ SQUALL | ----------------------------------------------------------------- NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR DAILY TABLE ----------------------------------------------------------------- | NUMERICAL | | | COLUMN | TERMINOLOGY | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | | DESCRIPTORS AND QUALIFIERS | | |-----------------------------------------------| | | DR LOW DRIFTING | | | SH SHOWER | | | FZ FREEZING | | 10 | MI SHALLOW | | | PR PARTIAL | | | BC PATCHES | | | BL BLOWING | | | VC VICINITY | | | - LIGHT | | | + HEAVY | | | "NO SIGN" MODERATE | |---------------------------------------------------------------| | SNOW/ICE: | INCHES | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | 11 | SNOW/ICE (ON GROUND)(0600 LST) | | 12 | WATER EQUIVALENT (1200 LST) M = MISSING DATA | |---------------------------------------------------------------| | PRECIPITATION:| INCHES (24-HR PERIOD ENDING AT INDICATED | | | LOCAL STANDARD TIME, SNOW DEPTHS | | | OF 2 OR MORE INCHES) | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | 13 | SNOWFALL (INCHES AND TENTHS)(2400 LST) | | 14 | WATER EQUIVALENT(INCHES & HUNDREDTHS(2400 LST)| | | M = MISSING DATA | |---------------------------------------------------------------| | PRESSURE: | INCHES OF HG | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | 15 | AVERAGE STATION PRESSURE | | 16 | AVERAGE SEA LEVEL PRESSURE | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | WIND: | SPEED IN MILES PER HOUR | | | DIRECTION TO TENS OF DEGREES | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | 17 | RESULTANT WIND SPEED | | 18 | RESULTANT DIRECTION - (WHOLE DEGREES) | | 19 | AVERAGE SPEED | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | | MAXIMUM: | | 20 | 5 SECOND SPEED | | 21 | 5 SECOND DIRECTION | | 22 | 2 MINUTE SPEED | | 23 | 2 MINUTE DIRECTION | |---------------|-----------------------------------------------| | 24 | DATE | |---------------------------------------------------------------| NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR DAILY TABLE ----------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: | | RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR SUM OF WIND SPEEDS AND DIRECTIONS| | DIVIDED BY THE NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS. | | COLS 20-21 AND 22-23: | | MAXIMUM AVERAGED WIND SPEEDS OF 5-SECOND AND 2-MINUTES | | DURATIONS, RESPECTIVELY. | |---------------------------------------------------------------| | NOTES: | | * EXTREME FOR THE MONTH - LAST OCCURRENCE IF MORE THAN ONE. | | T TRACE AMOUNT. | | + ALSO ON EARLIER DATES. | | HEAVY FOG: VISIBILITY 1/4 MILE OR LESS. | | BLANK ENTRIES OR ZEROS MAY DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA. | |---------------------------------------------------------------| NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR MONTHLY AVERAGES TABLE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NUMERICAL | | | COLUMN | TERMINOLOGY | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 25 | AVERAGE MONTHLY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 26 | MONTHLY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 27 | AVERAGE MONTHLY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 28 | MONTHLY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 29 | MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 30 | MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 31 | MONTHLY AVERAGE DEW POINT (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 32 | MONTHLY AVERAGE WET BULB (DEGREES F) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 33 | MONTHLY AVERAGE HDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 34 | MONTHLY AVERAGE CDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 35 | MONTHLY TOTAL HDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 36 | MONTHLY HDD DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 37 | SEASON TO DATE TOTAL HDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 38 | SEASON TO DATE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL HDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 39 | MONTHLY TOTAL CDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 40 | MONTHLY CDD DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 41 | SEASON TO DATE TOTAL CDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 42 | SEASON TO DATE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL CDD | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 43 | TOTAL MONTHLY SNOW/ICE WATER EQUIVALENT (INCHES) | |-----------|---------------------------------------------------------------| | 44 | TOTAL MONTHLY SNOWFALL (INCHES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 45 | GREATEST MONTHLY 24HR SNOWFALL (INCHES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 46 | DATE OF GREATEST MONTHLY 24HR SNOWFALL | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 47 | GREATEST MONTHLY 24HR SNOW DEPTH (INCHES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 48 | DATE OF GREATEST MONTHLY 24HR SNOW DEPTH | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 49 | TOTAL MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (INCHES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR MONTHLY AVERAGES TABLE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NUMERICAL | | | COLUMN | TERMINOLOGY | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 50 | MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL (INCHES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 51 | GREATEST 24HR PRECIPITATION (INCHES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 52 | DATE OF GREATEST 24HR PRECIPITATION | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 53 | MONTHLY AVERAGE STATION PRESSURE (INCHES HG) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 54 | MONTHLY AVERAGE SEA LEVEL PRESSURE (INCHES HG) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 55 | MONTHLY RESULTANT WIND SPEED (MPH) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 56 | MONTHLY RESULTANT WIND DIRECTION (TENS OF DEGREES) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 57 | MONTHLY AVERAGE WIND SPEED (MPH) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 58 | MONTHLY MAXIMUM SEA LEVEL PRESSURE (INCHES OF HG) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 59 | DATE OF MONTHLY MAXIMUM SEA LEVEL PRESSURE | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 60 | TIME OF MONTHLY MAXIMUM SEA LEVEL PRESSURE | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 61 | MONTHLY MINIMUM SEA LEVEL PRESSURE (INCHES OF HG) | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 62 | DATE OF MONTHLY MINIMUM SEA LEVEL PRESSURE | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 63 | TIME OF MONTHLY MINIMUM SEA LEVEL PRESSURE | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 64 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE >= 90 F | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 65 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE <= 32 F | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 66 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH MINIMUM TEMPERATURE <= 32 F | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 67 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH MINIMUM TEMPERATURE <= 0 F | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 68 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION >= .01 INCH | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 69 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION >= .10 INCH | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 70 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH SNOWFALL >= 1.0 INCH | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 71 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH THUNDERSTORMS | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 72 | NUMBER OF DAYS WITH HEAVY FOG | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| HOURLY PRECIPITATION TABLE WATER EQUIVALENT IN INCHES T = TRACE PRECIPITATION AMOUNT M = MISSING DATA ** THE SUM OF THE HOURLY TOTALS IS GIVEN WHEN IT DIFFERS FROM THE DAILY TOTAL. NWS DOES NOT EDIT ASOS HOURLY VALUES BUT MAY EDIT DAILY AND MONTHLY TOTALS. HOURLY, DAILY, AND MONTHLY TOTALS ARE PRINTED AS REPORTED BY THE ASOS SITE. HOURLY PRECIPITATION DATA ARE NOT NORMALLY AVAILABLE FOR AWOS SITES. ** NCDC DERIVES THE MONTHLY SHORT DURATION PRECIPITATION FROM 1 MINUTE ASOS DATA. THE MONTHLY SHORT DURATION PRECIPITATION DATA ARE NOT PRINTED WHEN INCONSISTENT WITH ASOS HOURLY TOTALS. NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR HOURLY OBSERVATIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NUMERICAL | | | COLUMN | TERMINOLOGY | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 1 | DATE | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 2 | TIME IN LST (LOCAL STANDARD TIME) | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | STATION TYPE: | | 3 | A02 = UNATTENDED | | | A02A = ATTENDED (OBSERVER PRESENT) | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 4 | ASOS MAINTENANCE INDICATOR | | | | | | (INDICATES ASOS EQUIPMENT IS EXPERIENCING MAINTENANCE AS A RESULT OF | | | INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE CHECKS. ONE OR MORE ELEMENTS MAY BE | | | MISSING OR REPLACED BY MANUAL INTERVENTION.) | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 5 | SKY CONDITIONS: | | | | | | SKY CONDITIONS BELOW 12,000 FEET AGL (ABOVE GROUND LEVEL) | | | SKY CONDITIONS CONTRACTIONS ARE FOR EACH LAYER IN ASCENDING ORDER. | | | NUMBERS FOLLOWING CONTRACTIONS ARE BASE HEIGHT IN HUNDREDS OF FEET | | | ABOVE GROUND LEVEL (AGL). | | | CLR: CLEAR BELOW 12,000 FT | | | FEW: > 0/8 - 2/8 SKY COVER | | | SCT SCATTERED: 3/8 - 4/8 SKY COVER | | | BKN BROKEN: 5/8 - 7/8 SKY COVER | | | OVC OVERCAST: 8/8 SKY COVER | | | | | | VVXXX INDICATES INDEFINITE CEILING WITH THE VERTICAL VISIBILITY (XXX) | | | LISTED IN HUNDREDS OF FEET. | | | | | | WHEN CLOUDS ARE COMPOSED OF TOWERING CUMULUS OR CUMULONIMBUS, | | | TCU OR CB (RESPECTIVELY) FOLLOW CLOUD HEIGHT. | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 6 | VISIBILITY: | | | | | | REPORTED IN STATUTE MILES AND FRACTIONS FROM < 1/4 THROUGH 10+ | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NUMERICAL CODES LISTING FOR HOURLY OBSERVATIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NUMERICAL | | | COLUMN | TERMINOLOGY | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 7 | (SEE DAILY TABLE #10 FOR EXPLANATION OF WEATHER TYPES) | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 8 | DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) WHOLE DEGREES | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 9 | DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (DEGREES C) ASOS IN TENTHS; AWOS IN WHOLE DEGREES | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 10 | WET BULB TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) WHOLE DEGREES | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 11 | WET BULB TEMPERATURE (DEGREES C) ASOS IN TENTHS; AWOS IN WHOLE DEGREES | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 12 | DEW POINT TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) WHOLE DEGREES | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 13 | DEW POINT TEMPERATURE (DEGREES C) ASOS IN TENTHS; AWOS IN WHOLE DEGREES| |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 14 | RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PERCENT) | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 15 | WIND SPEED (KNOTS) | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 16 | WIND DIRECTION (TENS OF DEGREES FROM TRUE NORTH) | | | | | | VRB = VARIABLE WITH SPEED EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 6 KNOTS | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 17 | WIND CHARACTERISTIC GUSTS (KTS) | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 18 | VALUE FOR WIND CHARACTER (WHOLE UNITS) | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 19 | STATION PRESSURE (INCHES IN HUNDREDTHS) | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 20 | PRESSURE TENDENCY | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 21 | SEA LEVEL PRESSURE | | | | | | TENTHS OF HECTOPASCALS (MILLIBARS). | | | SHOWN AS LAST 3 DIGITS ONLY WITHOUT DECIMAL POINT (eg.,013 = 1001.3 MB)| |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 22 | REPORT TYPE: | | | | | | AA - METAR (AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORT) - HOURLY | | | SP - METAR SPECIAL REPORT | |-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 23 | PRECIPITATION TOTALS (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) | | | | | |1) HOURLY TOTALS IF COLUMN 19 IS "AA" (HOURLY METAR REPORT). | | | | | |2) CUMULATIVE AMOUNT SINCE THE LAST HOURLY METAR REPORT IF | | | COLUMN 19 IS "SP" (METAR SPECIAL REPORT). | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -------------------------------------------------------------- | WIND CHILL EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE (SIPLE & PASSEL, 1945) | | | | WIND VELOCITY (MPH) | | 4 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 | | | | 45 45 43 34 29 26 23 21 20 19 18 | | 40 40 37 26 23 19 16 13 12 11 10 | | T> 35 35 32 22 16 12 8 6 4 3 2 | | E> 30 30 27 16 9 4 1 -2 -4 -5 -6 | | M> 25 25 22 10 2 -3 -7 -10 -12 -13 -14 | | P> 20 20 16 3 -5 -10 -15 -18 -20 -21 -22 | | E> 15 15 11 -3 -11 -17 -22 -25 -27 -29 -30 | | R> 10 10 6 -9 -18 -24 -29 -33 -35 -37 -38 | | A> 5 5 0 -15 -25 -31 -36 -41 -43 -45 -46 | | T> 0 0 -5 -22 -31 -39 -44 -49 -52 -53 -54 | | U> -5 -5 -10 -27 -38 -46 -51 -56 -58 -60 -62 | | R> -10 -10 -15 -34 -45 -53 -59 -64 -67 -69 -70 | | E> -15 -15 -21 -40 -51 -60 -66 -71 -74 -76 -78 | | -20 -20 -26 -46 -58 -67 -74 -79 -82 -84 -85 | | -25 -25 -31 -52 -65 -74 -81 -86 -89 -92 -93 | | -30 -30 -36 -58 -72 -81 -88 -93 -97 -100 -102 | -------------------------------------------------------------- Surface Weather Observations - METAR always have wind speeds recorded in knots. The conversion table below will provide a quick conversion for winds from calm to 99 knots. The converted values are all rounded to the nearest integer. For a more accurate conversion use the following formula: KNOT = 1.15155 MILES PER HOUR -------------------------------------------------------- | Knots to Miles Per Hour Conversion Chart | | | |K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | |T MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH | |S | |0 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 | |10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 | |20 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 | |30 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 | |40 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 | |50 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 66 67 68 | |60 69 70 71 72 74 75 76 77 78 79 | |70 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 90 91 | |80 92 93 94 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 | |90 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 | -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | TEMPERATURE - HUMIDITY INDEX (STEADMAN, 1979) | | | | RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PERCENT) | | 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 | | | | T > 120 107 116 130 148 | | E > 115 103 111 120 135 151 | | M > 110 99 105 112 123 137 150 | | P > 105 95 100 105 113 123 135 149 | | E > 100 91 95 99 104 110 120 132 144 | | R > 95 87 90 93 96 101 107 114 124 136 | | A > 90 83 85 87 90 93 96 100 106 113 122 | | T > 85 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 93 97 102 108 | | U > 80 73 75 77 78 79 81 82 85 86 88 91 | | R > 75 69 70 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 | | E > 70 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 70 71 71 72 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------