To Contents

National Drug Intelligence Center 
National Drug Threat Assessment 2005
February 2005

D-Links

Figure 1. Primary Market Areas

U.S. map showing the Primary Market Areas. These indicate:

Primary Market Areas for cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and MDMA are both leading consumption areas and leading distribution centers for the drugs as determined through analysis of public health data and law enforcement reporting. Primary Market Areas for marijuana were determined based on distribution alone because rates of marijuana use are relatively high and stable in markets throughout the country.

Return to Figure 1.

Figure 2.  Six Regions

Map of the United States broken up into the six regions.

The Pacific region consists of Alaska, Hawaii, northern and central California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, and the territories of American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

The West region consists of Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas.

The Southwest region consists of southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The Midwest region consists of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,  Michigan, Missouri, and Ohio.

The Southeast region consists of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

The Northeast region consists of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Return to Figure 2.

Figure 3. Greatest Drug Threat - Percentage of State and Local Agencies Reporting

Graphs of percentage of state and local agencies reporting superimposed over a U.S. map. Graphs reads:

Percentages given represent the proportions of state and local law enforcement agencies nationwide that identified a particular drug as their greatest threat.

Return to Figure 3. 

Figure 4. Greatest Drug Threat by Region - Percentage of State and Local Agencies Reporting

Graphs of percentage of state and local agencies reporting superimposed over a U.S. map. Graphs reads:

Percentages given represent the proportions of state and local law enforcement agencies per region that identified a particular drug as their greatest drug threat.

Return to Figure 4.

Figure 5.  Regional Drug Availability - Percentage of State and Local Agencies Reporting High Availability

Graphs of percentage of state and local agencies reporting superimposed over a U.S. map. Graphs reads:

Percentages given represent the proportions of state and local law enforcement agencies per region that identified a particular drug as available at high levels.

Return to Figure 5. 

Figure 6. Federal-wide drug seizures, cocaine, in kilograms, 1999-2003.

Chart showing Federal-wide cocaine seizures in kilograms, 1999-2003.

The chart shows 131,073 kilograms of cocaine seized in 1999, 106,622 kilograms seized in 2000, 105,574 kilograms seized in 2001, 102,719 kilograms seized in 2002, and 116,898 kilograms seized in 2003.

Source: Federal-Wide Drug Seizure System.

Return to Figure 6. 

Figure 7. Adult trends in percentage of past year use of powder cocaine and crack cocaine, 2000-2003.

Two graphs, one showing adult trends in percentage of past year use of powder cocaine, 2000-2003, and one showing adult trends in percentage of past year use of crack cocaine, 2000-2003.

The graph shows that according to MTF data, rates of past year use for powder cocaine among young adults aged 19 to 28 and college students aged 19 to 22 have trended upward from 2000 through 2003. Only 2 years of NSDUH data are available: NSDUH data indicate that rates of past year powder cocaine use were relatively stable from 2002 to 2003 for adults aged 18 to 25 and 26 or older.

According to MTF data, rates of past year use for crack cocaine among young adults aged 19 to 28 have trended downward from 2000 through 2003, while rates of past year use for crack cocaine among college students aged 19 to 22 trended downward from 2000 to 2002, but have trended upward from 2002 to 2003 .Only 2 years of NSDUH data are available: NSDUH data indicate that rates of past year crack cocaine use were relatively stable from 2002 to 2003 for adults aged 18 to 25 and 26 or older.

Source: Monitoring the Future; National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Return to Figure 7. 

Figure 8. Adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of powder cocaine and crack cocaine, 1999-2004.

Two graphs, one showing adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of powder cocaine, 1999-2004, and one showing adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of crack cocaine, 1999-2004.

The graphs show declines in rates of past year use for powder cocaine among eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders in 2004 from relatively high rates of use in 1999. MTF data show rates of past year use for crack also have declined overall among eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders since 1999. Only 2002 and 2003 NSDUH data are available: NSDUH data show that the rates of past year use for powder cocaine and crack were relatively stable from 2002 to 2003 for adolescents aged 12 to 17.

Source: Monitoring the Future; National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Return to Figure 8. 

Figure 9. Trends in perceived harmfulness of cocaine, selected groups, 1992-2004.

Graphs showing percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders, college students (ages 19-22), and adults (ages 27-30) saying there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.

The first graph shows that:

In 1992, 54.1 percent of eighth graders, 59.2 percent of tenth graders, 57.1 percent of twelfth graders, 56.1 percent of college students, and 51.8 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1993, 50.7 percent of eighth graders, 57.5 percent of tenth graders, 53.2 percent of twelfth graders, 60.5 percent of college students, and 54.7 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1994, 48.4 percent of eighth graders, 56.4 percent of tenth graders, 55.4 percent of twelfth graders, 63.8 percent of college students, and 53.5 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1995, 44.9 percent of eighth graders, 53.5 percent of tenth graders, 52.0 percent of twelfth graders, 57.7 percent of college students, and 56.4 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1996, 45.2 percent of eighth graders, 53.6 percent of tenth graders, 53.2 percent of twelfth graders, 61.9 percent of college students, and 53.6 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1997, 45.0 percent of eighth graders, 52.2 percent of tenth graders, 51.4 percent of twelfth graders, 55.5 percent of college students, and 54.6 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1998, 44.0 percent of eighth graders, 50.9 percent of tenth graders, 48.5 percent of twelfth graders, 55.4 percent of college students, and 60.5 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1999, 43.3 percent of eighth graders, 51.6 percent of tenth graders, 46.1 percent of twelfth graders, 52.8 percent of college students, and 61.7 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2000, 43.3 percent of eighth graders, 48.8 percent of tenth graders, 47.0 percent of twelfth graders, 56.7 percent of college students, and 59.9 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2001, 43.9 percent of eighth graders, 50.6 percent of tenth graders, 49.0 percent of twelfth graders, 48.9 percent of college students, and 60.9 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2002, 43.2 percent of eighth graders, 51.3 percent of tenth graders, 49.5 percent of twelfth graders, 55.5 percent of college students, and 58.8 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2003, 43.7 percent of eighth graders, 51.8 percent of tenth graders, 46.2 percent of twelfth graders, 55.0 percent of college students, and 56.4 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder cocaine once or twice.

The second graph shows that:

In 1992, 61.2 percent of eighth graders, 70.4 percent of tenth graders, 62.4 percent of twelfth graders, 65.4 percent of college students, and 64.3 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1993, 57.2 percent of eighth graders, 69.6 percent of tenth graders, 57.6 percent of twelfth graders, 63.5 percent of college students, and 68.8 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1994, 54.4 percent of eighth graders, 66.6 percent of tenth graders, 58.4 percent of twelfth graders, 70.1 percent of college students, and 65.6 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1995, 50.8 percent of eighth graders, 64.7 percent of tenth graders, 54.6 percent of twelfth graders, 61.9 percent of college students, and 66.4 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1996, 51.0 percent of eighth graders, 60.9 percent of tenth graders, 56.0 percent of twelfth graders, 65.2 percent of college students, and 66.7 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1997, 49.9 percent of eighth graders, 59.2 percent of tenth graders, 54.0 percent of twelfth graders, 62.0 percent of college students, and 68.5 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1998, 49.3 percent of eighth graders, 58.0 percent of tenth graders, 52.2 percent of twelfth graders, 59.3 percent of college students, and 66.5 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1999, 48.7 percent of eighth graders, 57.8 percent of tenth graders, 48.2 percent of twelfth graders, 56.1 percent of college students, and 65.0 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2000, 48.5 percent of eighth graders, 56.1 percent of tenth graders, 48.4 percent of twelfth graders, 52.9 percent of college students, and 62.9 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2001, 48.6 percent of eighth graders, 57.1 percent of tenth graders, 49.4 percent of twelfth graders, 54.1 percent of college students, and 69.3 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2002, 47.4 percent of eighth graders, 57.4 percent of tenth graders, 50.8 percent of twelfth graders, 54.1 percent of college students, and 67.4 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2003, 48.7 percent of eighth graders, 57.6 percent of tenth graders, 47.3 percent of twelfth graders, 55.1 percent of college students, and 66.0 percent of adults said there is a "great risk" in people trying crack cocaine once or twice.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 9. 

Figure 10. Trends in perceived harmfulness of cocaine, teens, 1995-2003.

Graph showing the percentage of teens saying there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice over the years 1995-2003.

In 1995, 48 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1996, 48 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1997, 50 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1998, 48 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 1999, 48 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2000, 47 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2001, 48 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2002, 49 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.
In 2003, 48 percent said there is a "great risk" in people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.

Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.

Return to Figure 10. 

Figure 11. Trends in disapproval of cocaine use, 1992-2004.

Graphs showing percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders, college students (ages 19-22), and adults (ages 27-30) who "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder or crack cocaine once or twice.

The first graph shows that:

In 1992, 89.6 percent of eighth graders, 91.1 percent of tenth graders, and 89.4 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1993, 88.5 percent of eighth graders, 90.0 percent of tenth graders, and 86.6 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1994, 86.1 percent of eighth graders, 88.1 percent of tenth graders, and 87.1 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1995, 85.3 percent of eighth graders, 86.8 percent of tenth graders, and 88.3 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1996, 83.9 percent of eighth graders, 86.1 percent of tenth graders, and 83.1 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1997, 85.1 percent of eighth graders, 85.1 percent of tenth graders, and 83.0 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1998, 84.5 percent of eighth graders, 84.9 percent of tenth graders, and 83.1 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 1999, 85.2 percent of eighth graders, 86.0 percent of tenth graders, and 84.3 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2000, 84.8 percent of eighth graders, 84.8 percent of tenth graders, and 84.1 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2001, 85.6 percent of eighth graders, 85.3 percent of tenth graders, and 83.3 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2002, 85.8 percent of eighth graders, 86.4 percent of tenth graders, and 83.8 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2003, 85.6 percent of eighth graders, 85.9 percent of tenth graders, and 83.6 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.
In 2004, 86.8 percent of eighth graders, 86.8 percent of tenth graders, and 82.2 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying powder cocaine once or twice.

The second graph shows that:

In 1992, 90.7 percent of eighth graders, 92.5 percent of tenth graders, and 93.1 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1993, 89.1 percent of eighth graders, 91.4 percent of tenth graders, and 89.9 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1994, 86.9 percent of eighth graders, 89.9 percent of tenth graders, and 89.5 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1995, 85.9 percent of eighth graders, 88.7 percent of tenth graders, and 91.4 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1996, 85.0 percent of eighth graders, 88.2 percent of tenth graders, and 87.4 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1997, 85.7 percent of eighth graders, 87.4 percent of tenth graders, and 87.0 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1998, 85.4 percent of eighth graders, 87.1 percent of tenth graders, and 86.7 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 1999, 86.0 percent of eighth graders, 87.8 percent of tenth graders, and 87.6 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 2000, 85.4 percent of eighth graders, 87.1 percent of tenth graders, and 87.5 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 2001, 86.0 percent of eighth graders, 86.9 percent of tenth graders, and 87.0 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 2002, 86.2 percent of eighth graders, 88.0 percent of tenth graders, and 87.8 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 2003, 86.4 percent of eighth graders, 87.6 percent of tenth graders, and 86.6 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.
In 2004, 87.4 percent of eighth graders, 88.6 percent of tenth graders, and 86.9 percent of twelfth graders "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying crack once or twice.

The third graph shows that:

In 1992, 90.6 percent of college students and 83.9 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1993, 92.7 percent of college students and 85.7 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1994, 91.6 percent of college students and 86.6 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1995, 90.3 percent of college students and 86.6 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1996, 90.0 percent of college students and 88.3 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1997, 88.0 percent of college students and 89.2 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1998, 89.5 percent of college students and 90.3 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 1999, 89.1 percent of college students and 90.4 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 2000, 88.2 percent of college students and 89.4 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 2001, 88.1 percent of college students and 90.3 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 2002, 89.0 percent of college students and 88.5 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.
In 2003, 89.3 percent of college students and 91.5 percent of adults "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people taking cocaine (powder or crack) once or twice.

 

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 11.

Figure 12. Cocaine-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, 1995-2002.

Graph showing an increase in the estimated number of cocaine-related emergency department mentions for the years 1995-2002.

The graph shows 135,711 estimated cocaine-related emergency department mentions in 1995, 152,420 in 1996, 161,083 in 1997, 172,011 in 1998, 168,751 in 1999, 174,881 in 2000, 193,034 in 2001, and 199,198 in 2002.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 12.

Figure 13. Cocaine-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities, number, 1995-2002.

Graph showing a decrease in the number of cocaine-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities for the years 1995-2002.

There were 272,386 cocaine-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities in 1995, 258,033 in 1996, 236,770 in 1997, 254,365 in 1998, 243,697 in 1999, 241,511 in 2000, 231,386 in 2001, and 241,699 in 2002.

Source: Treatment Episode Data Set.

Return to Figure 13.

Figure 15. Methamphetamine-related arrests, United States, 2000-2003.

Graph showing the number of methamphetamine-related arrests decreasing.

There were 7,700 methamphetamine-related arrests in 2000, 6,557 in 2001, 5,558 in 2002, and 4,595 in 2003.

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration.

Return to Figure 15. 

Figure 16. Methamphetamine-related arrests, by region, 2003.

Chart showing the number of methamphetamine-related arrests in 2003, broken down by region.

In the Midwest region, there were 1,271 methamphetamine-related arrests.
In the Northeast region, there were 198 methamphetamine-related arrests.
In the Pacific region, there were 634 methamphetamine-related arrests.
In the Southeast region, there were 811 methamphetamine-related arrests.
In the Southwest region, there were 1,232 methamphetamine-related arrests.
In the West region, there were 3491 methamphetamine-related arrests.

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration.

Return to Figure 16. 

Figure 17. Adult trends in percentage of past year use of methamphetamine, 1999-2003.

Graph showing percentage of college students ages 19-22 and adults ages 19-28 who reported past year use of methamphetamine, 1999-2003.

Among college students, 3.3 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 1999, 1.6 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2000, 2.4 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2001, 1.2 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2002, and 2.6 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2003.

Among adults ages 19028, 2.8 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 1999, 2.5 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2000, 2.8 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2001, 2.5 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2002, and 2.7 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2003.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 17.

Figure 18. Adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of methamphetamine, 1999-2004.

Graph showing percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders who reported past year use of methamphetamine, 1999-2004.

Among eighth graders, 3.2 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 1999, 2.5 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2000, 2.8 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2001, 2.2 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2002, 2.5 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2003, and 1.5 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2004.

Among tenth graders, 4.6 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 1999, 4.0 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2000, 3.7 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2001, 3.9 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2002, 3.3 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2003, and 3.0 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2004.

Among twelfth graders, 4.7 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 1999, 4.3 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2000, 3.9 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2001, 3.6 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2002, 3.2 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2003, and 3.4 percent reported past year use of methamphetamine in 2004.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 18.

Figure 19. Trends in perceived harmfulness of methamphetamine, teens, 1996-2003.

Two graphs, showing percentage of teens (grades 6-12) in the years 1996-2003 saying there is "great risk" in people trying methamphetamine once or twice or in taking methamphetamine regularly.

The percentage of teens saying there is "great risk" in people trying methamphetamine once or twice in 1996 was 41 percent, 44 percent in 1997, 44 percent in 1998, 44 percent in 1999, 47 percent in 2000, 47 percent in 2001, 49 percent in 2002, and 51 percent in 2003.

The percentage of teens saying there is "great risk" in people taking methamphetamine regularly in 1996 was 77 percent, 79 percent in 1997, 78 percent in 1998, 78 percent in 1999, 78 percent in 2000, 78 percent in 2001, 79 percent in 2002, and 79 percent in 2003.

Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.

Return to Figure 19.

Figure 20. Trends in perceived harmfulness of ice methamphetamine, selected groups, 1992-2003.

Graph showing percentage of people in selected age groups in the years 1992-2001 saying there is "great risk" in people trying methamphetamine once or twice.

The percentage of twelfth graders saying there is "great risk" in people trying methamphetamine once or twice was 61.9 in 1992, 57.5 in 1993, 58.3 in 1994, 54.4 in 1995, 55.3 in 1996, 54.4 in 1997, 52.7 in 1998, 51.2 in 1999, 51.3 in 2000, 52.7 in 2001, 53.8 in 2002, and 51.2 in 2003.

The percentage of college students (ages 19-22) saying there is "great risk" in people trying methamphetamine once or twice was 57.7 in 1992, 57.5 in 1993, 61.4 in 1994, 58.9 in 1995, 61.1 in 1996, 56.4 in 1997, 55.8 in 1998, 50.6 in 1999, 49.2 in 2000, 52.5 in 2001, 56.5 in 2002, and 60.0 in 2003.

The percentage of adults (ages 27-30) saying there is "great risk" in people trying methamphetamine once or twice was 52.7 in 1992, 60.3 in 1993, 57.9 in 1994, 58.5 in 1995, 59.1 in 1996, 59.8 in 1997, 59.9 in 1998, 61.0 in 1999, 59.7 in 2000, 66.4 in 2001, 62.5 in 2002, and 66.6 in 2003.

Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.

Return to Figure 20.

Figure 21. Methamphetamine-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, 1995-2002.

Graph showing the estimated number of methamphetamine-related emergency department mentions for the years 1995-2002.

There were 15,933 estimated methamphetamine-related emergency department mentions in 1995, 11,022 in 1996, 17,154 in 1997, 11,486 in 1998, 10,447 in 1999, 13,505 in 2000, 14,925 in 2001, and 17,696 in 2002.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 21.

Figure 22. Methamphetamine-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities, number, 1995-2002.

Graph showing the number of methamphetamine-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities for the years 1995-2002.

There were 47,683 methamphetamine-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities in 1995, 41,035 in 1996, 53,694 in 1997, 56,517 in 1998, 58,795 in 1999, 66,975 in 2000, 81,799 in 2001, and 104,481 in 2002.

Source: Treatment Episode Data Set.

Return to Figure 22.

Figure 23. Methamphetamine laboratory seizures, number reported, 1999-2003.

Chart showing the number of reported methamphetamine laboratory seizures for the years 1999-2003.

In 1999, there were 6,777 reported methamphetamine laboratory seizures.
In 2000, there were 6,940 reported methamphetamine laboratory seizures.
In 2001, there were 8,577 reported methamphetamine laboratory seizures.
In 2002, there were 9,192 reported methamphetamine laboratory seizures.
In 2003, there were 10,182 reported methamphetamine laboratory seizures.

Source: National Clandestine Laboratory Seizure System.

Return to Figure 23.

Figure 24. Methamphetamine seizures at or between ports of entry, in kilograms, 2003.

Chart showing methamphetamine seizures in kilograms at or between ports of entry in 2003, broken down by state.

In Arizona, 640 kilograms of methamphetamine were seized.
In California, 593 kilograms of methamphetamine were seized.
In Texas, 484 kilograms of methamphetamine were seized.
In New Mexico, 16 kilograms of methamphetamine were seized.

Source: El Paso Intelligence Center.

Return to Figure 24. 

Figure 25. Federal-wide drug seizures, marijuana,  U.S. and 4-state total for Texas-Arizona-California-New Mexico, in metric tons, 2000-2003.

Chart showing federal-wide marijuana seizures in metric tons for the years 2000-2003, broken down by U.S. total and 4-state total.

In 2000, 1,235 metric tons of marijuana were seized in the U.S.; 1,131 metric tons were seized in the 4-state area.
In 2001, 1,214 metric tons of marijuana were seized in the U.S.; 1,103 metric tons were seized in the 4-state area.
In 2002, 1,101 metric tons of marijuana were seized in the U.S.; 1,018 metric tons were seized in the 4-state area.
In 2003, 1,225 metric tons of marijuana were seized in the U.S.; 1,139 metric tons were seized in the 4-state area.

Return to Figure 25. 

Figure 26. Rates of past year use, marijuana, 2000-2004.

Graph showing rates of past year use of marijuana for the years 2000-2004, broken down by age group.

In 2000, 15.6 percent of 8th graders, 32.2 percent of 10th graders, 36.5 percent of 12th graders, 34.0 percent of college students, 27.9 percent of young adults, and 13.8 percent of adults to age 35 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2001, 15.4 percent of 8th graders, 32.7 percent of 10th graders, 37.0 percent of 12th graders, 35.6 percent of college students, 29.2 percent of young adults, and 14.8 percent of adults to age 35 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2002, 14.6 percent of 8th graders, 30.3 percent of 10th graders, 36.2 percent of 12th graders, 34.7 percent of college students, 29.3 percent of young adults, and 13.7 percent of adults to age 35 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2003, 12.8 percent of 8th graders, 28.2 percent of 10th graders, 34.9 percent of 12th graders, 33.7 percent of college students, 29.0 percent of young adults, and 13.0 percent of adults to age 35 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2004, 11.8 percent of 8th graders, 27.5 percent of 10th graders, 34.3 percent of 12th graders reported past year use of marijuana. No data were available for college students, young adults, or adults to age 35.
 

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 26. 

Figure 27. Percentage of past year marijuana use across age groups, 2000-2004.

Chart showing percentage of past year use of marijuana for year 2000-2004, broken down by age group.

In 2000, 15.6 percent of 8th graders, 32.2 percent of 10th graders, 36.5 percent of 12th graders, 34.0 percent of college students, 27.9 percent of young adults, 13.8 percent of adults to age 35, and 13.7 percent of adults to age 40 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2001, 15.4 percent of 8th graders, 32.7 percent of 10th graders, 37.0 percent of 12th graders, 35.6 percent of college students, 29.2 percent of young adults, 14.8 percent of adults to age 35, and 12.5 percent of adults to age 40 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2002, 14.6 percent of 8th graders, 30.3 percent of 10th graders, 36.2 percent of 12th graders, 34.7 percent of college students, 29.3 percent of young adults, 13.5 percent of adults to age 35, and 14.6 percent of adults to age 40 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2003, 12.8 percent of 8th graders, 28.2 percent of 10th graders, 34.9 percent of 12th graders, 33.7 percent of college students, 29.0 percent of young adults, 13.0 percent of adults to age 35, and 13.4 percent of adults to age 40 reported past year use of marijuana.
In 2004, 11.8 percent of 8th graders, 27.5 percent of 10th graders, 34.3 percent of 12th graders reported past year use of marijuana. No data were available for college students, young adults, adults to age 35, or adults to age 40.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 27. 

Figure 28. Trends in perceived harmfulness of marijuana, selected groups, 1992-2004.

Graph showing percentage of eighth graders, tenth graders, twelfth graders, college students (ages 19-22), and adults (ages 27-30) who say there is “great risk” in smoking marijuana regularly.

In 1992, 82.0 percent of eighth graders, 81.1 percent of tenth graders, 76.5 percent of twelfth graders, 69.3 percent of college students, and 68.8 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1993, 79.6 percent of eighth graders, 78.5 percent of tenth graders, 72.5 percent of twelfth graders, 69.2 percent of college students, and 69.4 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1994, 74.3 percent of eighth graders, 71.3 percent of tenth graders, 65.0 percent of twelfth graders, 65.0 percent of college students, and 65.6 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1995, 73.0 percent of eighth graders, 67.9 percent of tenth graders, 60.8 percent of twelfth graders, 62.1 percent of college students, and 69.2 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1996, 70.9 percent of eighth graders, 65.9 percent of tenth graders, 59.9 percent of twelfth graders, 61.3 percent of college students, and 67.3 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1997, 72.7 percent of eighth graders, 65.9 percent of tenth graders, 58.1 percent of twelfth graders, 60.7 percent of college students, and 65.0 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1998, 73.0 percent of eighth graders, 65.8 percent of tenth graders, 58.5 percent of twelfth graders, 53.4 percent of college students, and 63.6 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1999, 73.3 percent of eighth graders, 65.9 percent of tenth graders, 57.4 percent of twelfth graders, 55.2 percent of college students, and 66.1 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2000, 74.8 percent of eighth graders, 64.7 percent of tenth graders, 58.3 percent of twelfth graders, 58.0 percent of college students, and 64.0 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2001, 72.2 percent of eighth graders, 62.8 percent of tenth graders, 57.4 percent of twelfth graders, 49.6 percent of college students, and 61.7 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2002, 71.7 percent of eighth graders, 60.8 percent of tenth graders, 53.0 percent of twelfth, 56.7 percent of college students, and 63.5 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2003, 74.2 percent of eighth graders, 63.9 percent of tenth graders, 54.9 percent of twelfth graders, 57.8 percent of college students, and 64.7 percent of adults said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2004, 76.2 percent of eighth graders, 65.6 percent of tenth graders, and 54.6 percent of twelfth graders said there was great risk in smoking marijuana regularly. No data were available for college students or adults.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 28. 

Figure 29. Trends in disapproval of marijuana use, selected groups, 1991-2004.

Graph showing percentage of eighth graders, tenth graders, twelfth graders, college students (ages 19-22), and adults (ages 27-30) who “disapprove” or “strongly disapprove” of smoking marijuana regularly.

In 1991, 92.1 percent of eighth graders, 90.4 percent of tenth graders, 89.3 percent of twelfth graders, 91.3 percent of college students, and 89.6 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1992, 90.8 percent of eighth graders, 90.0 percent of tenth graders, 90.1 percent of twelfth graders, 89.5 percent of college students, and 87.2 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1993, 88.9 percent of eighth graders, 87.4 percent of tenth graders, 87.6 percent of twelfth graders, 90.2 percent of college students, and 89.4 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1994, 85.3 percent of eighth graders, 82.2 percent of tenth graders, 82.3 percent of twelfth graders, 90.1 percent of college students, and 88.7 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1995, 85.1 percent of eighth graders, 81.1 percent of tenth graders, 81.9 percent of twelfth graders, 86.8 percent of college students, and 91.9 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1996, 82.8 percent of eighth graders, 79.7 percent of tenth graders, 80.0 percent of twelfth graders, 87.7 percent of college students, and 89.9 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1997, 84.6 percent of eighth graders, 79.7 percent of tenth graders, 78.8 percent of twelfth graders, 88.1 percent of college students, and 92.1 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1998, 84.5 percent of eighth graders, 80.1 percent of tenth graders, 81.2 percent of twelfth graders, 85.3 percent of college students, and 88.2 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 1999, 84.5 percent of eighth graders, 79.8 percent of tenth graders, 78.6 percent of twelfth graders, 84.5 percent of college students, and 90.0 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2000, 85.3 percent of eighth graders, 79.1 percent of tenth graders, 79.7 percent of twelfth graders, 86.6 percent of college students, and 89.5 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2001, 84.5 percent of eighth graders, 78.0 percent of tenth graders, 79.3 percent of twelfth graders, 84.5 percent of college students, and 89.3 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2002, 85.3 percent of eighth graders, 78.6 percent of tenth graders, 78.3 percent of twelfth graders, 82.8 percent of college students, and 88.8 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2003, 85.7 percent of eighth graders, 78.8 percent of tenth graders, 78.7 percent of twelfth graders, 84.8 percent of college students, and 87.7 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly.
In 2004, 86.8 percent of eighth graders, 81.3 percent of tenth graders, and 80.7 percent of twelfth graders disapproved or strongly disapproved of smoking marijuana regularly. No data were available for college students or adults.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 29. 

Figure 30. Marijuana-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, 1994-2002.

Graph showing the estimated number of emergency department mentions for the years 1994-2002.

In 1994, there were 40,034 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 1995, there were 45,259 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 1996, there were 53,770 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 1997, there were 64,720 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 1998, there were 76,842 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were 87,068 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were 96,426 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were 110,512 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were 119,472 marijuana-related emergency department mentions.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 30. 

Figure 31. Federal-wide drug seizures, heroin, in kilograms, 1999-2003.

Chart showing federal-wide seized heroin in kilograms for the years 1999-2003.

The chart shows 1,147 kilograms of heroin seized in 1999, 1,675 kilograms of heroin seized in 2000, 2,496 kilograms of heroin seized in 2001, 2,773 kilograms seized in 2002, and 2,362 kilograms seized in 2003.

Source: Federal-Wide Drug Seizure System.

Return to Figure 31. 

Figure 32. Adult trends in percentage of past year use of heroin, 2000-2003.

Graph showing percentage of adults reporting past year use of heroin for the years 2000-2003.

According to MTF, rates of past year heroin use by college students (ages 19-22) were 0.5 percent in 2000, 0.4 percent in 2001, 0.1 percent in 2002, and 0.2 percent in 2003. Chart also shows that according to MTF, rates of past year heroin use by young adults (ages 19-28) were 0.4 percent in 2000, 0.5 percent in 2001, 0.2 percent in 2002, and 0.4 percent in 2003.

According to NSDUH, rates of past year heroin use by individuals ages 18 to 25 were 0.4 percent in 2002 and 0.3 in 2003. Rates of past year heroin use by individuals ages 26 or older were 0.1 percent in 2002 and 0.1 in 2003. Only two years of NSDUH data are available.

Source: Monitoring the Future; National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Return to Figure 32. 

Figure 33. Adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of heroin, 2000-2004.

Graph showing percentage of adolescents reporting past year use of heroin for the years 2000-2004.

According to MTF, rates of past year heroin use by adolescents were 1.1 percent in 2000, 1.0 percent in 2001, 0.9 percent in 2002, 0.9 percent in 2003, and 1.0 percent in 2004 among eighth graders; 1.4 percent in 2000, 0.9 percent in 2001, 1.1 percent in 2002, 0.7 percent in 2003, and 0.9 percent in 2004 among tenth graders; and 1.5 percent in 2000, 0.9 percent in 2001, 1.0 percent in 2002, 0.8 percent in 2003, and 0.9 percent in 2004 among twelfth graders.

According to NSDUH, rates of past year heroin use by individuals ages 12 to 17 were 0.2 percent in 2002 and 0.1 percent in 2003.

Source: Monitoring the Future; National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Return to Figure 33. 

Figure 34. Trend in percentage of perceived harmfulness of heroin, selected groups, 1995-2004.

Graph showing percentage of eighth graders, tenth graders, twelfth graders, college students (ages 19-22), and adults (ages 27-30) who say there is “great risk” in people trying heroin once or twice.

In 1995, 60.1 percent of eighth graders, 70.7 percent of tenth graders, 55.6 percent of twelfth graders, 59.8 percent of college students, and 66.4 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1996, 61.3 percent of eighth graders, 72.1 percent of tenth graders, 58.6 percent of twelfth graders, 61.0 percent of college students, and 66.4 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1997, 63.0 percent of eighth graders, 73.1 percent of tenth graders, 60.5 percent of twelfth graders, 63.9 percent of college students, and 67.9 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1998, 62.8 percent of eighth graders, 71.7 percent of tenth graders, 59.6 percent of twelfth graders, 60.7 percent of college students, and 69.7 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1999, 63.0 percent of eighth graders, 73.7 percent of tenth graders, 58.5 percent of twelfth graders, 63.5 percent of college students, and 70.1 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2000, 62.0 percent of eighth graders, 71.7 percent of tenth graders, 61.6 percent of twelfth graders, 63.2 percent of college students, and 67.4 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2001, 61.1 percent of eighth graders, 72.0 percent of tenth graders, 60.7 percent of twelfth graders, 64.0 percent of college students, and 68.2 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2002, 62.6 percent of eighth graders, 72.2 percent of tenth graders, 60.6 percent of twelfth graders, 63.1 percent of college students, and 70.9 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2003, 62.7 percent of eighth graders, 70.6 percent of tenth graders, 58.9 percent of twelfth graders, 64.6 percent of college students, and 72.3 percent of adults said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2004, 61.6 percent of eighth graders, 72.0 percent of tenth graders, and 61.2 percent of twelfth graders said there is great risk in people trying heroin once or twice. No data were available for college students or adults.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 34. 

Figure 35. Trends in disapproval of heroin use, 1995-2004.

Graph showing percentage of eighth graders, tenth graders, twelfth graders, college students (ages 19-22), and adults (ages 27-30) who "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people trying heroin once or twice.

In 1995, 85.8 percent of eighth graders, 89.7 percent of tenth graders, 92.8 percent of twelfth graders, 95.6 percent of college students, and 96.3 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1996, 85.0 percent of eighth graders, 89.5 percent of tenth graders, 92.1 percent of twelfth graders, 95.2 percent of college students, and 96.0 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1997, 87.7 percent of eighth graders, 89.1 percent of tenth graders, 92.3 percent of twelfth graders, 95.6 percent of college students, and 96.9 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1998, 87.3 percent of eighth graders, 88.6 percent of tenth graders, 93.7 percent of twelfth graders, 95.1 percent of college students, and 95.9 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 1999, 88.0 percent of eighth graders, 90.1 percent of tenth graders, 93.5 percent of twelfth graders, 95.5 percent of college students, and 96.7 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2000, 87.2 percent of eighth graders, 90.1 percent of tenth graders, 93.0 percent of twelfth graders, 94.1 percent of college students, and 95.9 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2001, 87.2 percent of eighth graders, 89.1 percent of tenth graders, 93.1 percent of twelfth graders, 94.2 percent of college students, and 96.4 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2002, 87.8 percent of eighth graders, 89.2 percent of tenth graders, 94.1 percent of twelfth graders, 95.0 percent of college students, and 94.2 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2003, 86.9 percent of eighth graders, 89.3 percent of tenth graders, 94.1 percent of twelfth graders, 96.4 percent of college students, and 97.6 percent of adults disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice.
In 2004, 86.6 percent of eighth graders, 90.1 percent of tenth graders, and 93.1 percent of twelfth graders disapproved or strongly disapproved of people trying heroin once or twice. There were no 2004 data for college students and adults.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 35. 

Figure 36.

Graph showing estimated number of heroin-related emergency department mentions for the years 1996-2002.

In 1996, there were 72,980 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.
In 1997, there were 70,712 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.
In 1998, there were 75,688 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were 82,192 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were 94,804 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were 93,064 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were 93,519 estimated heroin-related emergency department mentions.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 36. 

Figure 37. Heroin-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities, number, 1992-2002.

Graph showing  number of heroin-related admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities for the years 1992-2002.

In 1992, there were 168,321 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1993, there were 192,816 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1994, there were 212,311 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1995, there were 220,972 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1996, there were 216,810 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1997, there were 235,143 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1998, there were 247,069 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 1999, there were 257,340 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 2000, there were 273,446 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 2001, there were 277,911 heroin-related treatment admissions.
In 2002, there were 285,667 heroin-related treatment admissions.

Source: Treatment Episode Data Set.

Return to Figure 37. 

Figure 38. MDMA submitted for testing, in dosage units, 2000-2003.

Graph showing the number of dosage units of MDMA submitted for testing for the years 2000-2003.

In 2000, there were 3,342,397 dosage units submitted for testing.
In 2001, there were 5,472,435 dosage units submitted for testing.
In 2002, there were 3,568,087 dosage units submitted for testing.
In 2003, there were 1,477,758 dosage units submitted for testing.

Source: System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence.

Return to Figure 38.  

Figure 39. Federal-wide drug seizures, MDMA, in dosage units, 2000-2003.

Graph showing federal-wide seizures of MDMA in dosage units for the years 2000-2003.

In 2000, 280,178 dosage units were seized.
In 2001, 4,639,580 dosage units were seized.
In 2002, 3,501,252 dosage units were seized.
In 2003, 1,320,239 dosage units were seized.

Source: Federal-Wide Drug Seizure System.

Return to Figure 39.

Figure 40. MDMA-related arrests, United States, 2000-2003.

Graph showing the number of MDMA-related arrests for the years 2000-2003.

In 2000, there were 1,580 MDMA-related arrests.
In 2001, there were 2,015 MDMA-related arrests.
In 2002, there were 1,486 MDMA-related arrests.
In 2003, there were 1,124 MDMA-related arrests.

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration.

Return to Figure 40.

Figure 41. Adult trends in percentage of past year use of MDMA, 1999-2003.

Chart shows the percentage of college students (ages19-22) and young adults (ages 19-28) who reported past year MDMA use for the years 1999-2003.

In 1999, 3.6 percent of young adults reported past year MDMA use.
In 2000, 7.2 percent of young adults reported past year MDMA use.
In 2001, 7.5 percent of young adults reported past year MDMA use.
In 2002, 6.2 percent of young adults reported past year MDMA use.
In 2003, 4.4 percent of young adults reported past year MDMA use.

In 1999, 5.5 percent of college students reported past year MDMA use.
In 2000, 9.1 percent of college students reported past year MDMA use.
In 2001, 9.2 percent of college students reported past year MDMA use.
In 2002, 6.8 percent of college students reported past year MDMA use.
In 2003, 4.5 percent of college students reported past year MDMA use.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 41. 

Figure 42. Adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of MDMA, 1999-2004.

Chart shows the percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders who reported past year MDMA use for the years 1999-2004.

In 1999, 1.7 percent of eighth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2000, 3.1 percent of eighth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2001, 3.5 percent of eighth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2002, 2.9 percent of eighth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2003, 2.1 percent of eighth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2004, 1.7 percent of eighth graders reported past year MDMA use.

In 1999, 4.4 percent of tenth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2000, 5.4 percent of tenth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2001, 6.2 percent of tenth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2002, 4.9 percent of tenth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2003, 3.0 percent of tenth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2004, 2.4 percent of tenth graders reported past year MDMA use.

In 1999, 5.6 percent of twelfth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2000, 8.2 percent of twelfth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2001, 9.2 percent of twelfth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2002, 7.4 percent of twelfth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2003, 4.5 percent of twelfth graders reported past year MDMA use.
In 2004, 4.0 percent of twelfth graders reported past year MDMA use.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 42. 

Figure 43. Trends in perceived harmfulness of MDMA, selected groups, 1992-2004.

Graph showing the percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders, college students, and young adults saying there is "great risk" in trying MDMA once or twice.

In 2001, 35.8 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 38.9 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 41.9 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2004, 42.5 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.

In 2001, 39.4 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 43.5 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 49.7 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2004, 52.0 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.

In 1997, 33.8 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1998, 34.5 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1999, 35.0 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2000, 37.9 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2001, 45.7 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 52.2 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 56.3 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2004, 57.7 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.

In 1992, 46.4 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1993, 45.0 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1994, 51.1 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1995, 48.3 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1996, 46.7 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1997, 45.5 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1998, 42.7 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1999, 37.6 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2000, 37.9 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2001, 40.5 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 46.8 percent of college students said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.

In 1992, 44.2 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1993, 51.7 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1994, 47.3 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1995, 50.0 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1996, 50.6 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1997, 48.8 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1998, 50.4 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1999, 50.9 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2000, 48.9 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2001, 53.6 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 52.0 percent of adults said there was “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 43. 

Figure 44. Trends in perceived harmfulness of MDMA, teens, 2001-2003.

Chart showing the percentage of teens who said there was great risk in trying MDMA once or twice for the years 2001-2003.

In 2001, 42 percent of teens said there is “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 45 percent of teens said there is “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 47 percent of teens said there is “great risk” in trying MDMA once or twice.

Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.

Return to Figure 44. 

Figure 45. Trends in disapproval of MDMA use, 1997-2004.

Graph showing the percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders who "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of trying MDMA once or twice.

In 2001, 69.0 percent of eighth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 74.3 percent of eighth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 77.7 percent of eighth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2004, 76.3 percent of eighth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.

In 2001, 72.6 percent of tenth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 77.4 percent of tenth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 81.0 percent of tenth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2004, 83.7 percent of tenth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.

In 1997, 82.2 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1998, 82.5 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 1999, 82.1 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2000, 81.0 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2001, 79.5 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2002, 83.6 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2003, 84.7 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.
In 2004, 87.7 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved or strongly disapproved of trying MDMA once or twice.

Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 45. 

Figure 46. MDMA-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, 1995-2002.

Graph showing the estimated number of MDMA-related emergency department mentions for the years 1995-2002.

In 1995, there were an estimated 421 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 1996, there were an estimated 319 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 1997, there were an estimated 637 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 1998, there were an estimated 1,143 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were an estimated 2,850 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were an estimated 4,511 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were an estimated 5,542 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were an estimated 4,026 MDMA-related emergency department mentions.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 46.  

Figure 47. States reporting MDMA production, 2000-midyear 2004.

Map of the United States showing states reporting MDMA production from the year 2000-midyear 2004.

States reporting MDMA laboratory seizures were Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.

Source: National Clandestine Laboratory Seizure System.

Return to Figure 47. 

Figure 48. MDMA-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, Los Angeles, 1998-2002.

Graph showing the estimated number of MDMA-related emergency department mentions in Los Angeles for the years 1998-2002.

There were an estimated 30 emergency department mentions in Los Angeles in 1998, 52 in 1999, 177 in 2000, 142 in 2001, and 176 in 2002.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 48. 

Figure 49. MDMA-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, Miami, 1998-2002.

Graph showing the estimated of MDMA-related emergency department mentions in Miami for the years 1998-2002.

There were an estimated 28 emergency department mentions in Miami in 1998, 59 in 1999, 105 in 2000, 184 in 2001, and 135 in 2002.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 49.

Figure 50. MDMA-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, New York, 1998-2002.

Graph showing the estimated of MDMA-related emergency department mentions in New York for the years 1998-2002.

There were an estimated 31 emergency department mentions in New York in 1998, 136 in 1999, 200 in 2000, 172 in 2001, and 143 in 2002.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 50. 

Figure 51. Emergency department mentions for narcotic analgesics, 1995-2002.

Graph showing the number of narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions for the years 1995-2002.

In 1995, there were 20,910 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 1996, there were 22,525 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 1997, there were 26,298 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 1998, there were 32,573 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were 41,676 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were 47,833 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were 64,786 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were 81,002 narcotic analgesic-related emergency department mentions.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 51.

Figure 52. Emergency department mentions for benzodiazepines, 1995-2002.

Graph showing the number of benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions for the years 1995-2002.

In 1995, there were 76,548 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 1996, there were 78,640 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 1997, there were 82,621 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 1998, there were 88,808 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were 90,539 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were 91,078 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were 103,972 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were 105,752 benzodiazepine-related emergency department mentions.

Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 52. 

Figure 53. Treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin, 1992-2002.

Chart showing the number of treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin for the years 1992-2002.

In 1992, there were 13,671 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1993, there were 14,143 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1994, there were 15,611 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1995, there were 16,121 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1996, there were 16,605 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1997, there were 16,274 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1998, there were 19,941 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 1999, there were 23,033 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 2000, there were 29,054 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 2001, there were 38,215 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.
In 2002, there were 45,605 treatment admissions for opiates other than heroin.

Source: Treatment Episode Data Set.

Return to Figure 53.

Figure 54. Counterfeit drug cases, 1997-2003.

Chart showing increase in the number of counterfeit drug cases from 1997 to 2003.

There were 6 counterfeit drug cases in 1997, 4 in 1998, 6 in 1999, 6 in 2000, 20 in 2001, 22 in 2002, and 22 in 2003.

Source: Food and Drug Administration.

Return to Figure 54. 

Figure 55. Ketamine-related emergency department mentions, 1998-2002.

Chart showing the number of ketamine-related emergency department mentions for the years 1998-2002

In 1998, there were 209 ketamine-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were 396 ketamine-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were 263 ketamine-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were 679 ketamine-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were 260 ketamine-related emergency department mentions.

 Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 55. 

Figure 56.

Graph showing downward trend from 1999-2004 in percentage of past year use of LSD among eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders, college students, and young adults.

In 1999, 2.4 percent of eighth graders, 6.0 percent of tenth graders, 8.1 percent of twelfth graders,  5.4 percent of college students, and  4.0 percent of young adults reported past year LSD use.
In 2000, 2.4 percent of eighth graders, 5.1 percent of tenth graders, 6.6 percent of twelfth graders,  4.3 percent of college students, and 3.7 percent of young adults reported past year LSD use.
In 2001, 2.2 percent of eighth graders, 4.1 percent of tenth graders, 6.6 percent of twelfth graders,  4.0 percent of college students, and 3.4 percent of young adults reported past year LSD use.
In 2002, 1.5 percent of eighth graders, 2.6 percent of tenth graders, 3.5 percent of twelfth graders,  2.1 percent of college students, and 1.8 percent of young adults reported past year LSD use.
In 2003, 1.3 percent of eighth graders, 1.7 percent of tenth graders, 1.9 percent of twelfth graders,  1.4 percent of college students, and  1.2 percent of young adults reported past year LSD use.
In 2004, 1.1 percent of eighth graders, 1.6 percent of tenth graders, 2.2 percent of twelfth graders reported past year LSD use. No data were available for college students and young adults.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 56. 

Figure 57. PCP-related emergency department mentions, 1998-2002.

Graph showing the number of PCP-related emergency department mentions for the years 1998-2002.

In 1998, there were 3,436 PCP-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were 3,663 PCP-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were 5,404 PCP-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were 6,102 PCP-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were 7,648 PCP-related emergency department mentions.

 Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 57. 

Figure 58. Adult trends in percentage of past year use of inhalants, 1997-2003.

Graph showing a downward trend in the percentage of college students (ages 19-22) and young adults (ages 19-28) who reported past year inhalant use for the years 1997-2003.

In 1997, 4.1 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.
In 1998, 3.0 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.
In 1999, 3.2 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.
In 2000, 2.9 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.
In 2001, 2.8 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.
In 2002, 2.0 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.
In 2003, 1.8 percent of college students reported past year inhalant use.

In 1997, 2.3 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.
In 1998, 2.1 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.
In 1999, 2.3 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.
In 2000, 2.1 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.
In 2001, 1.7 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.
In 2002, 1.6 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.
In 2003, 1.4 percent of young adults reported past year inhalant use.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 58. 

Figure 59. Adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of inhalants, 1995-2004.

Chart showing the percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders who reported past year inhalant use for the years 1995-2004.

In 1995, 12.8 percent of eighth graders, 9.6 percent of tenth graders, and 8.0 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 1996, 12.2 percent of eighth graders, 9.5 percent of tenth graders, and 7.6 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 1997, 11.8 percent of eighth graders, 8.7 percent of tenth graders, and 6.7 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 1998, 11.1 percent of eighth graders, 8.0 percent of tenth graders, and 6.2 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 1999, 10.3 percent of eighth graders, 7.2 percent of tenth graders, and 5.6 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 2000, 9.4 percent of eighth graders, 7.3 percent of tenth graders, and 5.9 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 2001, 9.1 percent of eighth graders, 6.6 percent of tenth graders, and 4.5 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 2002, 7.7 percent of eighth graders, 5.8 percent of tenth graders, and 4.5 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 2003, 8.7 percent of eighth graders, 5.4 percent of tenth graders, and 3.9 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.
In 2004, 9.6 percent of eighth graders, 5.9 percent of tenth graders, and 4.2 percent of twelfth graders reported past year inhalant use.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 59. 

Figure 60. Trends in perceived harmfulness of inhalants, eighth and tenth graders, 1995-2004.

Graph showing percentage of eighth and tenth graders saying there is "great risk" in people trying inhalants once or twice for the years 1995-2004.

In 1995, 36.4 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1996, 40.8 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1997, 40.1 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1998, 38.9 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1999, 40.8 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2000, 41.2 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2001, 45.6 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2002, 42.8 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2003, 40.3 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2004, 38.7 percent of eighth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.

In 1995, 41.6 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1996, 47.2 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1997, 47.5 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1998, 45.8 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 1999, 48.2 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2000, 46.6 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2001, 49.9 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2002, 48.7 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2003, 47.7 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.
In 2004, 46.7 percent of tenth graders said there was “great risk” in trying inhalants once or twice.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 60. 

Figure 61. Trends in perceived harmfulness of inhalants, teens, 1999-2003.

Graph showing downward trend in percentage of teens agreeing strongly that sniffing or huffing things to get high can cause brain damage.

In 1999, 85.0 percent of teens agreed strongly that sniffing or huffing things to get high can cause brain damage.
In 2000, 84.0 percent of teens agreed strongly that sniffing or huffing things to get high can cause brain damage.
In 2001, 85.0 percent of teens agreed strongly that sniffing or huffing things to get high can cause brain damage.
In 2002, 80.0 percent of teens agreed strongly that sniffing or huffing things to get high can cause brain damage.
In 2003, 79.0 percent of teens agreed strongly that sniffing or huffing things to get high can cause brain damage.

 Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.

Return to Figure 61.

Figure 62. Inhalant-related emergency department mentions, estimated number, 1995-2002.

Graph showing estimated number of inhalant-related emergency department mentions for the years 1995-2002.

In 1995, there were an estimated 736 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 1996, there were an estimated 1,030 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 1997, there were an estimated 1,539 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 1998, there were an estimated 1,735 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 1999, there were an estimated 650 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 2000, there were an estimated 1,141 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 2001, there were an estimated 522 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.
In 2002, there were an estimated 1,496 inhalant-related emergency department mentions.

 Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network.

Return to Figure 62. 

Figure 63. Adolescent trends in percentage of past year use of steroids, 1995-2004.

Graph showing the percentage of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders and young adults who reported past year steroid use for the years 1995-2004.

In 1995, 1.0 percent of eighth graders, 1.2 percent of tenth graders, 1.5 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.5 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 1996, 0.9 percent of eighth graders, 1.2 percent of tenth graders, 1.4 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.3 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 1997, 1.0 percent of eighth graders, 1.2 percent of tenth graders, 1.4 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.5 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 1998, 1.2 percent of eighth graders, 1.2 percent of tenth graders, 1.7 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.4 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 1999, 1.7 percent of eighth graders, 1.7 percent of tenth graders, 1.8 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.6 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 2000, 1.7 percent of eighth graders, 2.2 percent of tenth graders, 1.7 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.4 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 2001, 1.6 percent of eighth graders, 2.1 percent of tenth graders, 2.4 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.4 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 2002, 1.5 percent of eighth graders, 2.2 percent of tenth graders, 2.5 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.4 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 2003, 1.4 percent of eighth graders, 1.7 percent of tenth graders, 2.1 percent of twelfth graders, and 0.5 percent of young adults reported past year steroid use.
In 2004, 1.1 percent of eighth graders, 1.5 percent of tenth graders, and 2.5 percent of twelfth graders reported past year steroid use. No data were available for young adults.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 63. 

Figure 64. Trends in perceived harmfulness of steroids, twelfth graders, 1992-2004.

Graph showing percentage of twelfth graders saying there is "great risk" in people taking steroids for the years 1992-2004.

In 1992, 70.7 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1993, 69.1 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1994, 66.1 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1995, 66.4 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1996, 67.6 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1997, 67.2 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1998, 68.1 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 1999, 62.1 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 2000, 57.9 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 2001, 58.9 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 2002, 57.1 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 2003, 55.0 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.
In 2004, 55.7 percent of twelfth graders said there was “great risk” in people taking steroids.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 64.

Figure 65. Trends in disapproval of steroid use, twelfth graders, 1992-2004.

Graph showing percentage of twelfth graders disapproving of people taking steroids for the years 1992-2004.

In 1992, 92.1 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1993, 92.1 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1994, 91.9 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1995, 91.0 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1996, 91.7 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1997, 91.4 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1998, 90.8 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 1999, 88.9 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 2000, 88.8 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 2001, 86.4 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 2002, 86.8 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 2003, 86.0 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.
In 2004, 87.9 percent of twelfth graders said they disapproved of people taking steroids.

 Source: Monitoring the Future.

Return to Figure 65. 

Figure 66. Estimated annual domestic retail-level drug purchases, in billions of dollars, 2000.

Chart showing estimated annual domestic retail-level drug purchases, in billions of dollars, for the year 2000, broken down by drug type.

In 2000, estimated retail-level purchases of cocaine were 36 .0 billion dollars, estimated retail-level purchases of marijuana were 11.0 billion dollars, estimated retail-level purchases of heroin were 10.0 billion dollars, estimated retail-level purchases of methamphetamine were 5.4 billion dollars, and estimated retail-level purchases of other substances were 2.4 billion dollars.

Source: Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Return to Figure 66. 

Formula 1. Nonresponse Adjustment Factor

Graphic showing the formula for calculating the nonresponse adjustment factor for each stratum j.

The nonresponse adjustment factor for each stratum j is equal to the sum of the base weight times the poststratification factor for each of the
responding and nonresponding agencies in stratum j divided by the sum of the base weight times the poststratification factor for only the
responding agencies in stratum j.

Return to Formula 1.

Formula 2. Final Weight for Responding Agencies

Graphic showing the formula for calculating the final weight for each responding agency.

The formula is: the final weight is equal to the base weight times the poststratification factor times the nonresponse adjustment factor.

Return to Formula 2.

To Top     To Contents

End of page.