Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 2008
      Title: Seismic Landslide Hazard Modeled for the Cities of Oakland, Piedmont, and Berkeley, Northern California
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster digital data
      Series_Information: 
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: SIR 2007-5196
      Publication_Information: 
        Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.wr.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/
    Abstract: This map describes the possible hazard from earthquake-induced landslides for the cities of Oakland, Piedmont, and Berkeley, CA. The hazard depicted by this map was modeled for a scenario based on an M=7.1 earthquake on the Hayward Fault Zone. A magnitude of this severity is associated with complete rupture of both northern and southern segments of the Hayward Fault Zone, an event that has an estimated return period of about 500 years. The modeled hazard also corresponds to completely saturated ground-water conditions, resulting from an extreme storm event or series of storms. The combined earthquake and ground-water scenarios represent a particularly severe state of hazard for earthquake-induced landslides. For dry ground-water conditions, overall hazard will be less, although the relative patterns of hazard are unlikely to differ. 
    Purpose: This hazard map is a tool to assist regional planning and zoning. It is not a substitute for the official State of California Seismic Hazard Zones map of the same area. This map should not be used to determine the absolute risk from seismically triggered landslides at any locality, as the sole justification for zoning or rezoning and parcel, for detailed design of any utilities lifeline, for site-specific hazard-reduction planning, or for setting or modifying insurance rates. Site-specific planning or analysis should be undertaken with the assistance of a qualified geotechnical engineer. 
    Supplemental information: 
This map is intended specifically as a complement to the other three landslide-hazard maps in this scientific investigations report, wherever the four maps coincide.
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 1969
        Ending_Date: 2001
    Currentness_Reference: The data used in the construction of this map were published by the USGS between 1969 and 1999. Transformation of these data was performed in 2000, and again in 2001. The date of construction should be considered with respect to state of the practice when using this map. 
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.3000000
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.1000000
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.900000
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.625000
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: landslides
      Theme_Keyword: geologic hazards
      Theme_Keyword: earthquakes
      Theme_Keyword: mathematical models
      Theme_Keyword: Newmark analysis
      Theme_Keyword: landslide susceptibility
      Theme_Keyword: geology
      Theme_Keyword: digital elevation model
      Theme_Keyword: slope gradient
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute Dictionary of Geological Terms
      Place_Keyword: California
      Place_Keyword: Oakland
      Place_Keyword: Piedmont
      Place_Keyword: Berkeley
      Place_Keyword: USA
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4, version 1.0
      Place_Keyword: 06001 = Alameda
      Place_Keyword: 06013 = Contra Costa
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints: 
    Users should acknowledge the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey if data used to derive products. Users should check with USGS western publications website prior to use to check for revisions or updates. 

    The map is intended as a tool for regional planning. Any site-specific planning or analysis should be undertaken by, or with the assistance of a qualified geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist. This hazard map should not be used as a substitute for the State of California Seismic Hazard Zones map for the same area (See California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1999). As previously noted by Wieczorek and others (1985) for maps of this type, this map should not be used as a basis to determine the absolute risk from seismically triggered landslides at any locality, as the sole justification for zoning or rezoning any parcel, for detailed design of any utilities lifeline, for site-specific hazard-reduction planning, or for setting or modifying insurance rates. 

    The narrow gore along the Berkeley-Oakland city boundary represents missing landslide-hazard values.  Users interpolating missing data from adjacent hazard values, especially at the wider end of the gore, do so at their own risk.

    Users of this map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher resolution information, greater than 10 meter cell size, is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 (10m cell size) will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. 
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Person_Primary: 
        Contact_Person: David K. Keefer
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Research Geologist
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4893
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650-329-5163
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dkeefer@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.wr.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: reduced-size image of the map sheet, 450x546 pixels, 32-bit RGB true color. 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Data_Set_Credit: 
    Scott Miles (University of Washington and USGS) conceived the project and conducted the overall effort.

    David Keefer (USGS) arranged financial support and supervised the project.

    Steven Sobieszczyk (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization) digitally clipped the hazard grid cells from files of the two source hazard maps and combined them into the finished hazard map.

    Richard Pike (USGS) added to and edited the narrative text, and also wrote the metadata based on that prepared earlier by Peg Rawson (USGS, 561 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, 703-648-4183, mrawson@usgs.gov) for the two source hazard maps.

    The authors thank Gerry Wieczorek and Ed Harp for reviews of the map and manuscript. 

    Russ Graymer, Steve Walter, and Scott Graham (all USGS) supplied technical assistance during the construction of the two source hazard maps.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: 
The databases in this report were compiled in ARC/INFO, a commercial Geographic Information System (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California). The files are in GRID (ARC/INFO raster data) format. Coverages are stored in uncompressed ARC export format (ARC/INFO version 7.x). ARC/INFO export files (files with the .e00 extension) can be converted into ARC/INFO coverages in ARC/INFO (see below) and can be read by some other geographic information systems, such as MapInfo via ArcLink and ESRI's ArcView (version 1.0 for Windows 3.1 to 3.11 is available for free from ESRI's web site: <http://www.esri.com>). The digital compilation was done in version 7.1. 
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:


Data_Quality_Information: 
  Attribute_Accuracy: 
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attribute contained in this database is the result of mathematical modeling. Users should refer to the narrative accompanying the two source maps MF-2378 or MF-2379 to assess if attribute is appropriate for their use. 
    This report has undergone two scientific peer reviews, one digital database review, one review for conformity with geologic names policy, and review of the plotfiles for conformity with USGS map standards. 
  Logical_Consistency_Report: No additional checks for topological consistency were performed on this data set. 
  Completeness_Report: This map product is entirely derived from existing digital map data sources. 
  Lineage: 
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
          Publication_Date: 2000
          Title: San Francisco Bay Area 24K Digital Elevation Model Database (10 meters) 
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
          Online_Linkage: http://bard.wr.usgs.gov/htmldir/dem_html/index.html
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
      Type_of_Source_Media: online
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Single_Date/Time: 
            Calendar_Date: 2000
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Date data were obtained for this project
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM
      Source_Contribution: digital elevation values
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: Graymer, R.W.
          Originator: Jones, D.L.
          Originator: Brabb, E.E.
          Publication_Date: 1996
          Title:  Preliminary geologic map emphasizing bedrock formations in Alameda County, California: A digital database 
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
          Series_Information: 
            Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
            Issue_Identification: 96-252
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
          Online_Linkage: http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of96-252/
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 50000
      Type_of_Source_Media: online
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Range_of_Dates/Times: 
            Beginning_Date: 1978
            Ending_Date: 1996
        Source_Currentness_Reference: 1996
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: geology
      Source_Contribution: Geologic formation boundaries and identities, and fault trace 
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: Miles, S.B.
          Originator: Keefer, D.K.
          Publication_Date: 2001
          Title: Seismic landslide hazard for the city of Berkeley, California
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
          Series_Information: 
            Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map
            Issue_Identification: MF-2378
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
          Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/map-mf/mf2378/
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
      Type_of_Source_Media: online
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Single_Date/Time: 
            Calendar_Date: 2000
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Date data were obtained for this project
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Berkeley
      Source_Contribution: Grid cells showing levels of landslide hazard
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: Miles, S.B.
          Originator: Keefer, D.K.
          Publication_Date: 2001
          Title:  Seismic landslide hazard for the cities of Oakland and Piedmont, California
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
          Series_Information: 
            Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map
            Issue_Identification: MF-2379
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
          Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/map-mf/mf2379/
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
      Type_of_Source_Media: online
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Single_Date/Time: 
            Calendar_Date: 2000
        Source_Currentness_Reference: date data were obtained for this project
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oakland-Piedmont
      Source_Contribution: Grid cells showing levels of landslide hazard
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: 
    Computation of landslide hazard. The map construction process is described in detail in the narrative within either MF-2378 (source Berkeley) or MF-2379 (source Oakland-Piedmont). Briefly, slope gradient was calculated from the DEM. Geologic units were assigned strength parameters from observations by Radbruch (1969) and the CDMG (1999). Distance from fault trace to each pixel in XY grid was calculated. Arias intensity was calculated from these calculated distances and the equation of Wilson (1993). From soil strength and slope gradient, the static factor of safety was calculated for water-saturated conditions. The factor of safety and slope were used to calculate critical acceleration. Critical acceleration and Arias intensity were combined in the equation of Jibson et al. (1998). 
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Geology
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Berkeley
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Oakland-Piedmont
      Process_Date: 2000
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: 
    Combination of two source maps. Grid cells showing levels of seismically induced landslide hazard produced in MF-2378 (source Berkeley) and MF-2379 (source Oakland-Piedmont) were combined, using conventional GIS practice, into one map showing the hazard for all three cities. Slight differences in the Oakland-Berkeley city boundaries on the two source maps resulted in a narrow wedge-shaped gore of missing landslide-hazard data in the combined map.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Berkeley
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Oakland-Piedmont
      Process_Date: 2001
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: 
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information: 
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
    Row_Count: 2288
    Column_Count: 2012
    Vertical_Count: 1
  Spatial_Reference_Information: 
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: 
      Planar: 
        Map_Projection: 
          Map_Projection_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
          Universal_Transverse_Mercator: 
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 37.7000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.0000000
        Planar_Coordinate_Information: 
          Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
          Coordinate_Representation: 
            Abscissa_Resolution: 10.000000
            Ordinate_Resolution: 10.000000
          Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Geodetic_Model: 
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
        Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98
Entity_and_Attribute_Information: 
  Detailed_Description: 
    Entity_Type: 
      Entity_Type_Label: Landslide-hazard grid cell
      Entity_Type_Definition: Any elements in hazard map data
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors
    Attribute: 
      Attribute_Label: value
      Attribute_Definition: Value refers to color within Arc/Info plot code table. Values 1-6 indicate increasing hazard. 
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors
      Attribute_Domain_Values: 
        Range_Domain: 
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 6
        Enumerated_Domain: 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: unanalyzed
        Enumerated_Domain: 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: water
    Attribute: 
      Attribute_Label: count
      Attribute_Definition: Arc/Info-assigned count of number of cells of a given value
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors
      Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 2000
      Ending_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 2001
      Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
        Attribute_Value_Accuracy: Well-located data items are intended to have a horizontal accuracy within 0.2 mm at 1:50,000 scale, or within 5 meters on the ground.
        Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Explanation: The position of each data item is derived from the USGS topographic base map, and therefore additional inaccuracies arising from inaccuracies in the base map may also be encountered. See Aitken (1997) for information on horizontal positional accuracy of the base maps.
Distribution_Information: 
  Resource_Description: USGS Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2007-5196
  Distribution_Liability: 
    Information in this data set is approved for release to the public by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey. This information has been reviewed but may still contain errors or inconsistencies, of which we would like to be made aware. Generally USGS data is not intended for use in navigation. 

    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: Arc/Info export
        Format_Version_Number: 8.0
        Format_Information_Content: 10-m grid 
        File_Decompression_Technique: unzip
        Transfer_Size: 1.9 megabytes
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Online_Option: 
          Computer_Contact_Information: 
            Network_Address: 
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20011130    20040429    20060831
  Metadata_Review_Date: 2007
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Margaret A. Rawson
      Contact_Position: Cartographer
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: USGS National Center, Mail Stop 561
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-4183
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-4722
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mrawson@usgs.gov
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4947
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650-329-4936
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpike@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: none
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: 
    Users should acknowledge the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey if data used to derive products. Users should check with USGS western publications website prior to use to check for revisions or updates. 

    This hazard map is intended as a tool for regional evaluation and planning only. Any site-specific planning or analysis should be undertaken by, or with the assistance of, a qualified geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist. This hazard map is not to be used as a substitute for the State of California Landslide Hazard Zones map for the same area (See California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1999). As previously noted by Wieczorek and others (1985) for maps of this type, this map should not be used as a basis to determine the absolute risk from shallow landslides at any locality, as the sole justification for zoning or rezoning any parcel, for detailed design of any utilities lifeline, for site-specific hazard-reduction planning, or for setting or modifying insurance rates. 

    Users of this map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:50,000 means that higher resolution information, greater than 30 meter cell size, is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:50,000 (30m cell size) will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. 
  Metadata_Security_Information:
    Metadata_Security_Classification_System: none
    Metadata_Security_Classification: none
    Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: none
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile