Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples |
Methods |
Source |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
So. Puget Sound, WA | 1977 | Unknown | unk | staghorn sculpin
Pacific whiting |
unk
unk |
scat/otoliths | Calambokidis et al. 1978 | |
Nisqually River, WA | 1988 | March | 21 | Pacific Whiting
Pacific tomcod flatfish walleye pollock plainfin midshipman shiner perch Pacific herring |
76
62 38 28 24 19 19 |
scat/otoliths and bones | NMFS/AFSC data3 | |
Gertrude Island, WA | 1979 | Summer, fall | 101 | Pacific Whiting
plainfin midshipman shiner perch flatfish |
unk
unk unk unk |
scat/otoliths | Everitt et al. 1981 | |
199495 | Year-round | 207 | Pacific tomcod
plainfin midshipman Pacific herring Pacific whiting market squid English sole shiner surf perch slender sole |
54
39 39 32 28 22 16 11 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
WDFW data4 | ||
salmonids | 2 | |||||||
Hood Canal, WA | 197778 | Apr to Oct | unk | Pacific whiting
plainfin midshipman shiner perch blackfin sculpin walleye pollock |
unk
unk unk unk unk |
scat/otoliths | Calambokidis et al. 1978 | |
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Smith Island, WA | 1977 | July/August | unk | eel pout
Pacific herring sand lance |
unk
unk unk |
scat/otoliths | Calambokidis et al. 1978 | |
Protection Island, WA | 197879 | Year-round | 129 | walleye pollock
shiner perch Pacific herring flatfish |
unk
unk unk unk |
scat/otoliths | Calambokidis et al. 1978 | |
Fall
Winter |
pink salmon
steelhead |
unk
unk |
||||||
Everett, WA | 1989
1995 |
Jan, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov | 142 | Pacific Whiting
Pacific herring |
80
30 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
NMFS/AFSC data | |
salmonids | 2 | |||||||
Grays Harbor, WA | 197677 | May to Sep, Feb, Mar | 24 | small crustaceans
anchovy gadids |
21
17 17 |
gastrointestinal tracts from collected
seals/otoliths, flesh, scales |
Johnson and Jeffries 1983 | |
Aug | salmonids | 4 | ||||||
198082 | Year-round | 403 | anchovy
flatfish smelt sculpin small crustaceans gadids lamprey |
28
27 22 21 18 17 13 |
scats/otoliths | Beach et al. 1985 | ||
Jul, Aug
June |
steelhead
chinook |
3
<1 |
||||||
Apr to Nov | 371 | salmonids | 10 | scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Reanalysis by Riemer and Brown 1996 | |||
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Grays Harbor, WA
(continued) |
1991-93 | Summer/fall | 10 | smelt
Pacific whiting anchovy |
40
20 20 |
gastrointestinal tracts from seals caught
in gillnets and beachcast specimens/ otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses, cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Brown et al. 1995 | |
salmonids | 50 | |||||||
Willapa Bay, WA | 198082 | Mar to Sep | 211 | flatfish
anchovy sculpin surf perch crustaceans gadids lamprey Pacific herring |
55
40 35 31 17 11 10 10 |
scat/otoliths | Beach et al. 1985 | |
Jun to Aug
Aug |
steelhead
chinook |
4
1 |
||||||
Jun to Sept | 197 | salmonids | 28 | scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Reanalysis by Riemer and Brown 1996 | |||
199193 | Summer/fall | 10 | anchovy
flatfish smelt Pacific herring gadids |
30
30 30 20 20 |
gastrointestinal tracts from seals
incidentally caught in gillnets and beachcast specimens/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses, cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Brown et al. 1995 | ||
salmonids | 20 | |||||||
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Columbia River | 198082 | Year-round | 436 | whitebait smelt
anchovy lamprey flatfish gadids staghorn sculpin eulachon |
36
21 14 12 12 11 10 |
scat/otoliths, teeth, beaks,
cartilaginous parts |
Beach et al. 1985 | |
AprAug | steelhead
sockeye |
<1
<1 |
||||||
AprOct | 342 | salmonids | 6 | scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Reanalysis by Riemer and Brown 1996 | |||
198688 | Winter | 83 | eulachon
longfin smelt lamprey |
100
14 10 |
gastrointestinal tracts from seals caught
incidentally in gillnets and beachcast specimens/otoliths, flesh, whole fish |
Brown et al. 1989 | ||
199194 | Oct to June
(most in Feb) |
61 | eulachon | 85 | gastrointestinal tracts from seals taken
incidentally in gillnets and beachcast specimens/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses, cartilaginous parts |
Brown et al. 1995 | ||
salmonids | 12 | |||||||
199293 | Feb to March | 51 | eulachon
lamprey starry flounder |
88
20 12 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth,
lenses, cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Brown et al. 1995 | ||
1994 | Sep to Oct | 36 | northern anchovy
Pacific herring smelt staghorn sculpin |
50
44 25 19 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | ||
salmonids | 39 | |||||||
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Columbia River
(continued) |
1995 | April | 67 | staghorn sculpin
starry flounder Pacific herring smelt lamprey prickleback |
49
36 28 18 16 15 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | |
salmonids | 19 | |||||||
10 | Pacific herring
staghorn sculpin |
40
30 |
enema/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | ||||
salmonids | 10 | |||||||
2 | staghorn sculpin
American shad flatfish shrimp |
50
50 50 50 |
lavage/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | ||||
Columbia River and
adjacent estuaries |
198082 | Year-round | 50 | eulachon
anchovy Pacific tomcod Pacific herring |
40
26 16 14 |
gastrointestinal tracts from stranded
seals/otoliths, teeth, beaks, cartilaginous parts |
Beach et al. 1985 | |
salmonids
salmonids |
6
12 |
otoliths only
otoliths, bones, flesh, scales |
||||||
Tillamook Bay, OR | 1981 | Sep to Oct | 38 | flatfish
crustaceans sand lance |
71
29 11 |
scat/otoliths, teeth, beaks,
cartilaginous parts |
Beach et al. 1985 | |
salmonids | 8 | |||||||
Sep to Oct | 38 | salmonids | 19 | scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Reanalysis by Riemer and Brown 1996 | |||
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Netarts Bay, OR | 197779 | Aug to Oct | 95 | sand lance
English sole rex sole sanddab staghorn sculpin Dover sole slender sole |
39
32 26 18 17 17 12 |
scat/otoliths | Brown and Mate 1983 | |
steelhead | 1 | |||||||
Siletz River, OR | 198385 | Year-round | 18 | Dover sole
rex sole Pacific whiting |
67
28 11 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | |
salmonids | 11 | |||||||
Alsea Bay, OR | 1986 | Sep | 6 | rex sole
Pacific whiting Dover sole smelt |
83
33 33 17 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | |
salmonids | 17 | |||||||
Umpqua River, OR | 198893 | Summer/ winter | 25 | lamprey
surfperch sculpin cephalopods |
56
20 16 12 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
Riemer and Brown 1996 | |
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Coos Bay, OR | 197881 | Feb to Sep | 279 | staghorn sculpin
English sole surfperch Pacific herring cephalopods sanddab rex sole |
29
22 20 19 14 13 10 |
scat/otoliths, jaw parts, beaks | Graybill 1981 | |
salmonids | 1 | |||||||
Rogue River, OR | 197679 | Year-round | 60 | lamprey | 27 | observations of seals feeding actively
(60 observations) |
Roffe and Mate 1984 | |
salmonids | 30 | |||||||
Mar to May, Aug, Sep | 13 | lamprey
eulachon |
92
23 |
gastrointestinal tracts from collected
seals/otoliths, some bones, jaw parts, beaks |
Roffe and Mate 1984 | |||
salmonids | 31 | |||||||
Spring/fall | 89 | lamprey
eulachon |
81
12 |
scat/otoliths, jaw parts, some bones | Roffe and Mate 1984 | |||
Sep | salmonids | 6 | ||||||
1994, 1995 | Oct to May | 394 | lamprey
rex sole rockfish Pacific tomcod octopus flatfish Pacific herring slender sole |
26
23 21 20 17 15 14 12 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth, lenses,
cartilaginous parts, beaks |
ODFW data5 | ||
salmonids | 13 | |||||||
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Klamath River, CA | 197879 | Mar to Nov | 193 | lamprey
surf smelt eulachon |
72
13 10 |
scat/otoliths | Bowlby 1981 | |
salmonids | 3 | |||||||
197879 | Apr to Aug | 8 | surf smelt
lamprey eulachon sculpin |
75
25 13 13 |
gastrointestinal tracts from
beachcast seals/otoliths |
Bowlby 1981 | ||
salmonids | 13 | |||||||
Russian River, CA | 198991 | Year-round | 155 | flatfish
octopus Pacific whiting hagfish plainfin midshipman |
67
44 40 28 23 |
scat/otoliths, bones, teeth | Hanson 1993 | |
salmonids | 7 | |||||||
San Francisco Bay, CA | 199192 | Year-round | 153 | plainfin midshipman
anchovy sculpin |
21
20 14 |
scat/otoliths | Torok 1994 | |
Monterey Bay, CA | 1991 | Year-round | 306 | octopus
spotted cuskeel market squid plainfin midshipman rockfish white croaker Pacific sanddab staghorn sculpin |
56
43 29 20 19 19 15 12 |
scat/otoliths, beaks | Oxman 1995 | |
Area |
Year |
Sampling
time period |
n1 |
Prey |
Percent of samples2 |
Methods |
Source |
|
Monterey Bay, CA | 1991-92 | Year-round | 219 | octopus
market squid rockfish cuskeel plainfin midshipman Pacific sanddab |
50
45 22 18 15 13 |
scat/otoliths, beaks | Trumble 1995 | |
Channel Islands, CA | 198093 | Year-round | 1,867 | rockfish
cuskeel |
50
12 |
scat/otoliths, beaks | Stewart and Yochem 1994 | |
Southern California | 199093 | Year-round | 398 | octopus
plainfin midshipman market squid |
50
43 23 |
scat/otoliths, beaks | Beeson 1995 |
Common name | Species name | Family name |
---|---|---|
Fish | ||
Arrowtooth flounder | Atheresthes stomias | Pleuronectidae |
Barred sand bass | Paralabax nebulifer | Serranidae |
Blacksmith | Chromis punctipinnis | Pomacentridae |
Bocaccio | Sebastes pausispinis | Scorpaenidae |
Bonito, Pacific | Sarda chiliensis | Scombridae |
California flyingfish | Cypcelurus californicus | Exocoetidae |
California halibut | Paralichthys californicus | Bothidae |
California headlightfish | Diaphus theta | Myctophidae |
California smoothtongue | Leuroglossus stilbius | Bathylagidae |
Carp, common | Cyprinus carpio | Cyprinidae |
Codfish, unid. | Gadidae | Gadidae |
Combfish, unid. | Zaniolepis spp | .Hexagrammidae |
Croaker, unid. | Sciaenidae | Sciaenidae |
Croaker, White | Genyonemus lineatus | Sciaenidae |
Cuskeel, Spotted | Chilara taylori | Ophidiidae |
Eulachon | Thaleichthys pacificus | Osmeridae |
Flatfish, unid. | Pleuronectidae/Bothidae | |
Flounder, unid. lefteye | Bothidae | Bothidae |
Flounder, unid. righteye | Pleuronectidae | Pleuronectidae |
Gadids, unid. | Gadidae | Gadidae |
Goby, Bay | Lepidogobius lepidus | Gobbidae |
Greenling, Kelp | Hexagrammos decagrammus | Hexagrammidae |
Gunnel, unid. | Pholis spp. | Pholidae |
Hagfish, unspec. | Eptatretus spp. | Myxinidae |
Halfmoon | Maedialuna californiensis | Kyphosidae |
Kelp bass | Paralabrax clathratus | Serranidae |
Irish lord, Brown | Hemilepidotus spinosus | Cottidae |
Lampfish, Dogtooth | Ceratoscopelus townsendi | Myctophidae |
Lampfish, Northern | Stenobrachius leucopsarus | Myctophidae |
Lamprey, Pacific | Lampetra tridentata | Petromyzontidae |
Lamprey, River | Lampetra ayresi | Petromyzontidae |
Lamprey, unid. | Lampetra spp. | Petromyzontidae |
Lanternfish, unid. | Myctophidae | Myctophidae |
Lanternfish, Blue | Tarlentonbeania crenularis | Myctophidae |
Lingcod | Ophiodon elongatus | Hexagrammidae |
Mackerel, Chub (Pacific) | Scomber japonicus | Scombridae |
Mackerel, Jack | Trachurus symmetricus | Carangidae |
Medusafish | Ichychthys lockingtoni | Stromateidae |
Northern anchovy | Engraulis mordax | Engraulidae |
Northern ronquil | Ronquilus jordani | Bathymasteridae |
Pacific argentine | Argentina sialis | Argentinidae |
Pacific herring | Clupea pallasi | Clupeidae |
Pacific pompano | Peprilus simillimus | Stromateidae |
Pacific sandfish | Trichodon trichodon | Trichodontidae |
Pacific sardine | Sardinops sagax | Clupeiformes |
Pacific saury | Cololabis saira | Scomberesocidae |
Pacific whiting | Merluccius productus | Gadidae |
Perch, Kelp | Brachyistius frenatus | Embiotocidae |
Perch, Pile | Rhacochilus vacca | Embiotocidae |
Perch, Shiner | Cymatogaster aggregata | Embiotocidae |
Plainfin midshipman | Porichthys notatus | Batachididae |
Poacher, unid. | Xeneretmus spp. | Agonidae |
Poacher, Stripefin | Xeneretmus ritteri | Agonidae |
Prickleback, Bluebarred | Plectobranchus evides | Stichaeidae |
Prickleback, Snake | Lumpenus sagitta | Stichaeidae |
Prickleback, Whitebarred | Poroclinus rothrocki | Stichaeidae |
Rockfish, unid. | Scorpaenidae | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, unspecified | Sebastes spp. | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Aurora | Sebastes aurora | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Bank | Sebastes rufus | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Chilipepper | Sebastes goodei | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Halfbanded | Sebastes semicinctus | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Honeycomb | Sebastes umbrosus | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Shortbelly | Sebastes jordani | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Splitnose | Sebastes diploproa | Scorpaenidae |
Rockfish, Squarespot | Sebastes hopkinsi | Scorpaenidae |
Sablefish | Anoplopoma fimbria | Anoplopomatidae |
Salmon, Chinook | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Salmonidae |
Salmon, Chum | Oncorhynchus keta | Salmonidae |
Salmon, Coho | Oncorhynchus kisutch | Salmonidae |
Salmon, Pink | Oncorhynchus gorbuscha | Salmonidae |
Salmon, Sockeye | Oncorhynchus nerka | Salmonidae |
Sand lance, Pacific | Ammodytes hexapterus | Ammodytidae |
Sanddab, unspecified | Citharichthys spp. | Bothidae |
Sanddab, Pacific | Citharichthys sordidus | Bothidae |
Sanddab, Speckled | Citharichthys stigmaeus | Bothidae |
Sculpin, unid. | Cottidae | Cottidae |
Sculpin, unid. | Myoxocephalus spp. | Cottidae |
Sculpin, unid. | Cottus spp. | Cottidae |
Sculpin, unid. | Icelinus spp. | Cottidae |
Sculpin, Buffalo | Enophrys bison | Cottidae |
Sculpin, Slim | Radulinus asprellus | Cottidae |
Sculpin, Staghorn | Leptocottus armatus | Cottidae |
Sculpin, Threadfin | Icelinus filamentosus | Cottidae |
Sea Bass | Paralabrax spp | Serranidae |
Señorita | Oxyjulis californica | Labridae |
Shad, American | Alosa sapidissima | Clupeidae |
Shark, Spiny dogfish | Squalus acanthias | Squalidae |
Shark, Soupfin | Galeorhinus zyopterus | Carcharhinidae |
Shortspine thornyhead | Sebastolobus alascanus | Scorpaenidae |
Silverside, unid. | Atherinidae | Atherinidae |
Smelt, Unid. | Osmeridae | Osmeridae |
Smelt, Eulachon | Thaleichthys pacificus | Osmeridae |
Smelt, Longfin | Spirinchus thaleichththys | Osmeridae |
Smelt, Surf | Hypomesus pretiosus | Osmeridae |
Smelt, Whitebait | Allosmerus elongatus | Osmeridae |
Sole, Butter | Isopsetta isolepsis | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Dover | Microstomus pacificus | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, English | Parophrys vetulus | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Flathead | Hippoglossoides elassodon | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Petrale | Eopsetta jordani | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Rex | Glyptocephalus zachirus | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Rock | Lepidopsetta bilineata | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Sand | Psettichthys melanosticuts | Pleuronectidae |
Sole, Slender | Lyopsetta exilis | Pleuronectidae |
Starry flounder | Platichthys stellatus | Pleuronectidae |
Steelhead | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Salmonidae |
Surfperch, unid. | Embiotocidae | Embiotocidae |
Surfperch, Pink | Zalembius rosaceus | Embiotocidae |
Surfperch, Redtail | Amphistichus rhodoterus | Embiotocidae |
Surfperch, Spotfin | Hyperprosodon anale | Embiotocidae |
Tomcod, Pacific | Microgadus proximus | Gadidae |
Topsmelt | Atherinops affinis | Atherinidae |
Walleye pollock | Theragra chalcogramma | Gadidae |
White seaperch | Phanerodon furcatus | Embiotocidae |
Wrasse, unid. | Labridae | Labridae |
Cephalopods |
||
Octopus | Octopus spp. | |
Squid, market | Loligo opalescens | |
Squid | Chiroteuthis calyx | |
Squid | Cranchia scabra | |
Squid | Gonatopsis borealis | |
Squid | Gonatus berryi | |
Squid | Mastigoteuthis pyrodes | |
Squid | Gonatus onyx | |
Squid | Ocythoe tuberculata | |
Squid | Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus | |
Squid | Histioteuthis heteropsis | |
Squid | Octopodoteuthis deletron | |
Squid, unid. | Abraliopsis spp. | |
Squid, unid. | Cranchiidae | |
Squid, unid. | Gonatidae |
|
Crustaceans |
||
Crab | Cancer spp. | |
Crangon shrimp | Crangon spp. | |
Dungeness crab | Cancer magister | |
Ghost shrimp | Callianassa spp. | |
Pelagic red crab | Pleuroncodes planipes |