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Table of Contents Growth Chapter 1 Normal Growth 1 Abnormal Growth 12 Abnormal Morphogenesis 12 Chromosomal Abnormalities 13 Polygenic Inheritance 13 Mechanism of Inheritance 14 Skeletal Dysplasia 14 Developmental Deformities 16 Osteochondroses 16 Features of Immature Skeleton 18 Iatrogenic Deformities 19 Evaluation Chapter 2 Physical Examination 24 Clinical Tests 28 Imaging 30 Gait Evaluation 34 Laboratory Studies 35 Diagnostic Procedures 36 Time Line 37 Joint Swelling 38 Limb Defi ciencies 40 Management Chapter 3 Managing the Family 43 Shoes 47 Before Surgery 48 Anesthesia 50 Surgical Preparation 52 Operative Scars 53 Skin Closure 53 Fixation 54 Grafts 55 Postoperative Care 56 Complications 58 Foreign Body Removal 62 Hardware Removal 63 Amplifi ed Musculoskeletal Pain 64 Traction 65 Casting 68 Spica Cast Application 70 Joint Aspiration 71 Orthotics 72 Prosthetics 73 Therapy 74 Lower Limb Chapter 4 Development 77 Limp 78 Leg Aches 80 Genu Varus and Genu Valgus 81 Torsion 88 Leg Length Inequality 96 Lower Limb Defi ciencies 101 Foot Chapter 5 Introduction 105 Evaluation 106 Foot Pain 108 Toe Deformities 112 Hand Injuries 246 Wrist Deformities 250 Chronic Arthritis in Children 251 Hand Deformities 252 Thumb Deformities 253 Finger Deformities 254 Knee and Tibia Chapter 6 Evaluation 144 Knee Pain 146 Patellofemoral Disorders 150 Dislocations 150 Intraarticular Disorders 152 Tumors of the Knee 153 Sagittal Deformities 154 Neuromuscular Disorders 155 Tibial Bowing 156 Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia 157 Fibular Pseudarthrosis 157 Hip Chapter 7 General 159 Evaluation 161 Hip and Pelvic Pain 164 Developmental Hip Dysplasia 166 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease 182 Slipped Femoral Epiphysis 188 Miscellaneous Disorders 193 Spine Chapter 8 Normal Development 197 Evaluation 199 Congenital Deformities 201 Back Pain 202 Scoliosis 210 Congenital Sciolisis 212 Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome 213 Idiopathic Scolosis 214 Sagittal Deformity 220 Cervical spine 222 Generalized Disorders 224 Upper Limb Chapter 9 Development 227 Evaluation 228 Upper Limb Deficiencies 230 Torticollis 232 Sprengel Deformity 235 Brachial Plexus Palsy 236 Shoulder Disorders 237 Elbow Disorders 238 Forearm Deformitis 239 Hand Chapter 10 Development 241 Evaluation 241 Management Principles 242 Hand Tumors 244 Hand Infections 245 Trauma Chapter 11 Statistics 257 Physiology 258 Physeal Injuries 260 Remodeling 263 Principles of Reduction 264 Fixation 266 Evaluation 268 Occult Injuries 270 Birth and Neonatal Injuries 272 Child Abuse 272 Polytrauma 273 Pathologic Fractures 274 Open Fractures 275 Complications 276 Foot Injuries 278 Ankle Injuries 280 Tibial Fractures 284 Knee Injuries 286 Knee Fractures 288 Femur Shaft Fractures 290 Hip Dislocation 295 Fractures of Proximal Femur 296 Pelvic Fractures 298 Spine Injuries 300 Shoulder Injuries 302 Supracondylar Fractures 306 Medical Epicondylar Fractures 309 Elbow Dislocations 309 Lateral Condylar Fractures 310 Radial Neck Fractures 312 Olecranon Fractures 314 Monteggia Fracture Dislocation 314 Forearm Fractures 315 Distal Radius Fractures 319 Sports Chapter 12 Introduction 323 Physiology 324 Injury Statistics 325 Prevention 326 Special Children 327 Injury Types 328 Overuse Injuries 330 Evaluation 332 Management Principles 334 Sport-Specific Problems 336 Foot and Ankle Problems 339 Tibia Problems 340 Knee Problems 341 Hip and Thigh Problems 341 Pelvis Problems 342 Spine Problems 342 Neck Problems 342 Upper Limb Problems 343 Forefoot Adductus 114 Forefoot Deformities 116 Vertical Talus 119 Clubfoot 120 Toe Walking 131 Flatfeet 132 Cavus Deformity 138 Other Foot Conditions 140 Infection Chapter 13 Pathogenesis 345 Organisms 347 Evaluation 348 Management Principles 350 Drainage of Septic Joint 352 Drainage of Osteomyelitis 353 Osteomyelitis 354 Septic Arthritis 358 Pelvic Infections 360 Unusual Forms of Osteomyelitis 360 Soft Tissue Infections 361 Tuberculosis 362 Meningococcal Infections 363 Tumors Chapter 14 Evaluation 365 Unicameral Bone Cysts 370 Operative Management of Cysts 371 Aneurysmal Bone Cysts 372 Fibrous Tumors 373 Benign Cartilaginous Tumors 374 Hemimelica 375 Osseous Tumors 376 Other Bone Tumors 377 Benign Soft Tissue Tumors 378 Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors 379 Osteosarcoma 380 Ewing sarcoma 381 Leukemia 383 Metastatic Bone Tumors 383 Neuromuscular Chapter 15 Development ¿ Nervous System 385 Statistics 386 Evaluation 387 Management Principles 390 Cerebral Palsy 392 Myelodysplasia 404 Muscular dystrophy 408 Poliomyelitis 410 Arthrogryposis 410 Miscellaneous Disorders 414 Syndromes Chapter 16 Introduction 418 Evaluation 420 Conditions in Alphabetic Order 422 Reference Chapter 17 Parents FAQ 437 What Parents Should Know 438 Reference Charts 442 Remodeling Examples 444 Index 423
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Pediatric orthopedics.
Musculoskeletal Diseases -- therapy.
Child.
Musculoskeletal System -- physiopathology.
Orthopedic Procedures.