The Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus
A Guide to Concepts and Terminology in Substance Abuse and Addiction
developed by the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Institutes of Health
Public Health Service
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Third Edition, 2000
Table of Contents
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Sponsoring Agency ThesaurusDevelopment Team Preface Acknowledgments Thesaurus Advisory Committee |
Introduction
History and Purpose of the Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus
Thesaurus Development and Maintenance
Function and Structure of the Thesaurus
Terminology Used in the AOD Thesaurus
Thesaurus Format
Orientation and Navigation in the AOD Thesaurus
Volume 2: Annotated Hierarchy
Volume 3: Alphabetical Index
Volume 4: Annotated Alphabetical List
Thesaurus Statistics
Changes in the Third Edition
Using the AOD Thesaurus
Navigating the AOD Thesaurus
Indexing or Cataloging with the AOD Thesaurus
Searching With the AOD Thesaurus
New Descriptors in the Second Edition
Changed Descriptors in the Second Edition
Deleted Descriptors
Sources Used in Thesaurus Development
Hierarchy Overviews
Broad Outline of the AOD Thesaurus
Detailed Outline of the AOD Thesaurus
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Enoch Gordis, M.D., Director
Diane W. Miller, M.P.A., Chief,
Scientific Communications Branch
Alcohol Research Collection, Analysis, and Dissemination Project
CSR, Incorporated
1400 Eye St., N.W., Suite 200
Washington, DC 20005
Dianne M. Welsh, Director
Contract NO1-AA-7-1003
Dagobert Soergel, Ph.D., Thesaurus Expert
Kathleen A.K. Mullen, M.L.I.S., Thesaurus Manager
Order from NIAAA Publications Distribution Center, P.O.Box 10686, Rockville, MD 20849-0686
Phone: (202) 842-7600
This third edition of the Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus: A Guide to Concepts and Terminology in Substance Abuse and Addiction (AOD Thesaurus) was augmented and enhanced by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). The two prior editions of the AOD Thesaurus were developed under the auspices of both NIAAA and the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP). Although CSAP was unable to contribute to this edition, NIAAA continued to build upon the sections initially developed by CSAP to ensure that new concepts and terminology were captured in the growing field of prevention which is of equally great importance to NIAAA. The AOD Thesaurus continues to record and systematize the language of the many scientific and scholarly disciplines relating to research on alcohol and other drugs and the prevention and treatment of problems associated with their use. A subset of the Thesaurus also serves as the controlled vocabulary for the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database (commonly known as ETOH), produced by NIAAA, and the numerous information systems of CSAP's National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.
The concepts and terminology in the AOD Thesaurus reflect the discourse and the wide variety of viewpoints that have developed over time in the literature of the field and do not necessarily represent the views of NIAAA.
Enoch Gordis, M.D.
Director
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Institutes of Health
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism would like to acknowledge the efforts of the numerous people who contributed to the development of The Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus: A Guide to Concepts and Terminology in Substance Abuse and Addiction over the past several years. We would like to acknowledge in particular the efforts and significant contributions of the staff of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.
We would like especially to thank the many scientists, technical experts, researchers, and subject specialists who contributed their time and knowledge to the development of this Thesaurus.
We also would like to acknowledge the Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS), who provided the impetus for the development of the AOD Thesaurus and provided feedback on draft versions.
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Dagobert Soergel, Ph.D., Chair |
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Leigh Hallingby, M.L.S. |
Penny Page, M.L.S. |
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Samantha Helfert, M.L.I.S |
Regina Silva |
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Diane W. Miller, M.P.A. |
Nancy Sutherland, M.L.S. |
| Andrea Mitchell, M.L.S. Director/Librarian Alcohol Research Group Library 2000 Hearst Avenue, 3rd Floor Berkeley, CA 94709 |
Gail Weinberg, M.L.S. |
History and Purpose of the Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus
Research in the alcohol and other drug (AOD) field and programs in prevention and treatment have grown significantly over the last 30 years; so have the literature and the information needs of users and the collections and databases serving them. This growth has occurred without the benefit of a stable, consistent vocabulary, making storage and retrieval of materials difficult. Responding to a recommendation from Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS) for a thesaurus for the AOD field, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) undertook the task of developing an alcohol thesaurus for the field in general and its online database, the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database (known as ETOH). In 1989 NIAAA formed a Thesaurus Advisory Committee of information and subject specialists. In 1991, recognizing the commonalities in research and prevention regardless of the specific drug, NIAAA entered into a joint project with the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP). Thus, The Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus: A Guide to Concepts and Terminology in Substance Abuse and Addiction (AOD Thesaurus) was born.
The AOD Thesaurus provides a conceptual map of the multidisciplinary field of AOD research and practice, as well as standard terminology, which, over time, will result in consistent indexing and major improvements in searching and retrieval across many databases. The Thesaurus is used in indexing and searching both ETOH ( and the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) databases (http://sadatabase.health.org). It is also being used in organizing various small substance abuse collections.
To further promote a consistent vocabulary for the AOD field, NIAAA submitted the second edition of the AOD Thesaurus to the National Library of Medicine for incorporation into its Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus. This edition of the Thesaurus has also been incorporated into the 2000 version of the UMLS Metathesaurus.
NIAAA continued the development and maintenance of the AOD Thesaurus as the sole sponsoring agency for this edition. Concepts and terminology with respect to alcohol and to substance abuse in general were updated. The AOD Thesaurus also is used by many searchers worldwide to identify useful search terms for any database.
Thesaurus Development and Maintenance
Initial development of the AOD Thesaurus started with collecting terms and term relationships from many sources; search requests received for ETOH and NCADI databases; document titles and index terms; more than 40 special thesauri; and NIAAA's Reports to Congress on Alcohol and Health and other publications. Major sources used for reference and guidance included the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Lexicon of Alcohol and Drug Terms, developed jointly with NIAAA; NLM's Medical Subject Headings (MESH); the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revisions; the DSM–III and draft DSM–IV; the Thesaurus of Psychological Indexing Terms (PsyclNFO); the Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors; and the Thesaurus of Sociological Indexing Terms (Sociological Abstracts).
The multitude of terms collected from these sources were organized into hierarchies, which revealed many synonyms and near-synonyms. A conceptual analysis process known as semantic factoring further clarified the structure and led to a smaller vocabulary of conceptual building blocks. The resulting structure was thoroughly field-tested through a query formulation and indexing test. Analyzing the results from multiple indexers for important terms missed, different indexers using different terms to express the same idea, terms assigned erroneously, and terms needed but missing from the Thesaurus, the developers identified areas requiring clarification, redundancies between areas, missing cross-references, the need for more or better scope notes, and areas where detail could be reduced. Further refinements were made in the second edition based on indexing and searching experience: Descriptors were added, overly specific descriptors were pruned, the structure was improved, and many scope notes and relationships were added.
Thesaurus maintenance for this edition started with identifying key, recent sources in the AOD field, including a wide variety of publications such as NIAAA’s Ninth Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health, a number of issues of Alcohol Health & Research World, the Institute of Medicine’s Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research, the draft International Classification of Preventive Trials, and of course, the most recent editions of various thesauri: NLM’s Medical Subject Headings, the Thesaurus of Psychological Terms, and the Thesaurus of Sociological Indexing Terms.
Terms and term relationships from the preceding publications in addition to many other sources, including the entire Identifier (ID) field from the ETOH database, which is used to assign terms or concepts that are not in the AOD Thesaurus or for terms that are not designated ETOH descriptors. An analysis of the terms in this field helped the thesaurus development team identify missing concepts and thesaurus terms that should be designated ETOH descriptors.
NIAAA is committed to the maintenance of the AOD Thesaurus as an ongoing process driven by user feedback. Users are strongly encouraged to comment on any aspect of the thesaurus.
Function and Structure of the Thesaurus
The thesaurus presents a structured collection of concepts and terms intended to facilitate indexing and retrieval, support research and program planning through conceptual structure and definitions, and improve communication through standardized terminology.
The thesaurus provides guidance to the indexers for request-oriented (or user-centered) indexing. It organizes concepts collected from search requests into an easily grasped hierarchical structure that serves as a framework or checklist in analyzing documents. The logical structure of the Thesaurus communicates user interests to the indexer. Its controlled vocabulary expresses each concept unambiguously through one term, called a descriptor, that is used in indexing and can thus be used with confidence in searching. Synonyms lead to descriptors: polydrug use leads to AA2.6 multiple drug use; chemical abuse, drug abuse, and substance abuse all lead to GC2 AOD abuse; nerve cell and neurocyte both lead to XX2.2 neuron.
The thesaurus is also very useful for free-text searching (searching based on words in the title or abstract). An exhaustive free-text search must include all terms that might be used to express the searched-for concept. This requires query term expansion: In synonym expansion, expand the query term XX2.2 neuron by adding the synonyms nerve cell and neurocyte; in hierarchic expansion, add narrower terms, such as XX2.2.2.4 dendrite and XX2.2.2.6 axon (with its synonyms, such as nerve fiber and neurite).
"Until further notice, everything is drug-related." This note on a drug counselor's door epitomizes the universal scope of the AOD Thesaurus. The thesaurus must exercise great conceptual economy if it is to allow for the expression of most concepts and themes while keeping the size manageable. The secret is concept combination; the thesaurus contains largely elemental concepts from which compound concepts can be formed. For example, alcohol craving is AE6 AOD craving combined with BB2 ethanol; nicotine craving uses BD2 nicotine. Thus any of the many concepts under A AOD use, abuse, and dependence can be combined with any of the substances under B AOD substance or product, obviating the need for enumerating each individual combination. For another example, breast cancer is GG20.28 cancer and XH4.6 breast.
The concepts are arranged in a logical hierarchy to orient the user, to help the indexer select the descriptor at the most appropriate level of specificity, and to enable hierarchic query term expansion. An individual hierarchy is often structured into facets, each dealing with a separate aspect. For example, under XX2.2 neuron are the two facets XX2.2.2 neuron structure (which includes the different parts of a neuron) and XX2.2.4 neuron type (including afferent neuron, efferent neuron, motor neuron, etc.). Under JB prevention are the facets JB4 prevention goals, JF prevention sponsor or setting (such as JF8 community-based prevention and JF10 institution-based prevention, which is further subdivided by type of institution), and JG prevention approach (such as JG4 systems approach to prevention and JG6 culturally sensitive prevention approach). A descriptor (e.g., GQ10.2 alcoholic liver disorder) has as many broader descriptors as are needed to reflect reality (e.g., GQ10 liver disorder and GD4 alcohol related disorder). These polyhierarchical relationships are shown through a rich network of cross-references.
The construction of a hierarchy often profits from new concepts that improve organization and may be useful for searching. For example, NF20 affective and interpersonal education groups affective education, assertiveness training, normative education, skills building, moral development, and values clarification. HZ8 analytic psychotherapy groups together all psychotherapeutic methods that are based on some form of analysis (as opposed to behavior modification through some form of conditioning).
Terminology Used in the AOD Thesaurus
Use of the Abbreviation AOD
The AOD Thesaurus uses the widely accepted abbreviation AOD for Alcohol or Other Drugs. In most descriptors, AOD is used in place of drug or substance; thus, drug dependence becomes AOD dependence, and substance abuse becomes AOD abuse. However, when only other drugs are referred to or when usage dictates, the term drug remains, as in designer drug or drug cartel.
In order to keep descriptors to a manageable length, further abbreviations were introduced as follows:
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AOD Alcohol or Other Drugs |
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AODU AOD Use, abuse, and dependence |
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AODD AOD use Disorder |
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AODR AOD Related |
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AODC Causes of AOD use, abuse, and dependence |
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AODE Effects of AOD use, abuse, and dependence |
These abbreviations appear at the bottom of each page in the Thesaurus listings.
Use of the Term Drug
The term drug is ambiguous; it can refer to AOD, medical drugs, or any chemical substance. In this thesaurus, drug refers to "other drug," that is, AOD other than alcohol, except in the pharmacology section, where it means any chemical substance including AOD.
In the study of addiction, the terms AOD, drug, and substance are often used interchangeably. As noted above, this Thesaurus uses AOD except where the reference is only to other drugs. It was not practical to provide all possible variations of multiword terms; thus, the thesaurus includes hazardous AOD use but does not include the synonym hazardous drug use. When an alphabetical index search under drug does not find the looked-for term, try under AOD. The access word substance has only a limited number of entries.
Street terms and slang. Due to profusion, overlap (e.g., dope can refer to marijuana or heroin), and the rapid disappearance of old terms and the creation of new ones, the AOD Thesaurus provides few street terms or slang terms with respect to alcohol and other drugs and their use. Two good sources for current slang and street terms are the Indiana Prevention Resource Center and the Office for National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). The Indiana Prevention Resource Center provides an online dictionary that contains more than 3,000 street drug slang terms from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center files, with more than 1,200 additions from the National Drug and Crime Clearinghouse slang term list at The ONDCP provides an alphabetical listing of street terms for drugs and the drug trade at http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/drugfact/terms/index.html.
Singular versus plural. As a rule, singular is preferred. Exceptions are class descriptors in W Living organisms and Y/Z Chemical substances, where classes are traditionally designated by a plural term (e.g., protists, aldehydes). Other exceptions are expressions that are commonly used in the plural, such as fetal alcohol effects, or that otherwise make more sense or sound more natural in the plural.
The AOD Thesaurus is arranged like a book in three parts: successively detailed tables of contents— the Broad and Detailed Outlines and the Quick Hierarchy following the introduction (Volume 1); a systematically arranged main body of information—the Annotated Hierarchy (Volume 2); and the Alphabetical Index (Volume 3). In addition, the Annotated Alphabetical List (Volume 4) is provided. The facing page shows the relationship between the parts of the thesaurus and the information provided in each. The figure at the bottom of this page shows an excerpt from the Annotated Alphabetical List. More detailed explanations and sample pages follow.
Orientation and Navigation in the AOD Thesaurus
To get a feel for the organization of the wide-ranging subject matter in the thesaurus, start with the Broad Outline. Then get an increasingly detailed look by perusing sections of interest in the Detailed Outline and the Quick Hierarchy and finally by reviewing the Annotated Hierarchy with its scope notes and cross-references that link all the subjects together.
To find descriptors for indexing and searching, users can start with a general idea of a subject area or with a specific term. To go from a general idea to a specific concept, the user might follow the systematic stepwise refinement strategy discussed above, or simply scan the tabs in the Annotated Hierarchy and delve directly into it; familiarity with the hierarchy comes with experience. In the Annotated Hierarchy, read the scope note and the cross-references, which may lead to additional or more suitable descriptors. If you have a specific term in mind, you can look it up in the Alphabetical Index and follow the term number given there into the Annotated Hierarchy to see the hierarchical context and the full body of information. Alternatively, you can consult the Annotated Alphabetical List; however, keep in mind two things: the Annotated Alphabetical List does not provide the hierarchical context; and you cannot quickly see the scope note for a broader or nearby descriptor. Also, the Annotated Alphabetical List shows a term in only one place, whereas the Alphabetical Index shows a term under each of its constituent words. For example, secondary prevention will appear only under secondary in the Annotated Alphabetical List, whereas in the Alphabetical Index, it will appear under secondary and prevention.
The Annotated Hierarchy shows all descriptors in a logical arrangement and provides a considerable amount of information for many of them (for examples, see the facing page and the two following pages). Each descriptor has a term number that identifies its home location in the hierarchy; these numbers allow the user to locate a descriptor quickly in the hierarchy. When a descriptor has two or more broader descriptors (such as EE12.6.12.2.6.2 renal drug clearance with the broader descriptors EE12.6.12.2.6 regional drug clearance and EB10.10e drug excretion), one is selected as the home location. The home location determines the descriptor's term number; in the example, renal drug clearance is listed under EE12.6.12.2.6 with the term number EE12.6.12.2.6.2. Under the other broader descriptor, EB10.10e, is a narrower term cross-reference to EE12.6.12.2.6.2. Thus, a descriptor is never assigned more than one term number (unlike MESH, which assigns multiple term numbers to the same descriptor, one number for each descriptor placement in the hierarchy). Only a subset of descriptors is used in the ETOH database; ETOH descriptors are identified through a subscript "e" after the term number: EB10.10e.
Term numbers are printed to the left. Descriptors are printed to the right, with the hierarchical level expressed through typography and arrangement as follows:
Level 0 and level 1: left edge of the descriptor column, large bold
Level 2: left edge of the descriptor column, regular size bold
Level 3 through 13: indented, level shown by dots. Level 3 one dot, level 4 two dots, etc.
In cases where the hierarchy is very deep, these typographical rules were adjusted for readability. The hierarchical level can always be seen from the Detailed Outline in Volume 1 or at the beginning of each major section in Volume 2.
To preserve the continuity of the hierarchy, left pages repeat, in italics, the hierarchical chain (starting from level 2) leading to the first descriptor on the page. (The running heads show levels 0 and 1.)
History notes (HN) provide historical information with respect to a descriptor, such as the year a descriptor was introduced (if it was introduced in an edition other than the first edition); the year it was designated as a descriptor for the ETOH database; and if the descriptor was changed. Scope notes (SN) give definitions and explanations of descriptor usage or of the hierarchical structure. Synonymous terms (ST, including quasi-synonyms) further clarify the scope of the descriptor. Broader term (BT) cross-references indicate other places in the hierarchy where the descriptor would logically fit; conversely, narrower term (NT) cross-references indicate additional narrower descriptors that have their home location elsewhere. To conserve space, cross-references are shown only one level up or down. Related term (RT) cross-references point to descriptors that are similar in meaning or that might be useful for combinations. In a cross-reference, a + before the term number means that the descriptor referred to has narrower descriptors that should be considered.
Further Explanation of Term Numbers (for examples, see facing page).
The major areas of the hierarchy (level 0) are identified by a capital letter (e.g., J, with gaps for future expansion), and the major subdivisions (level 1 or further down the hierarchy) are identified by a second letter (e.g., JB, JC). Within a major subdivision, descriptors are then identified by a number (e.g., JC2, JC4). Further down the hierarchy, descriptors are numbered the same way, with a dot (.) separating the levels (e.g., JC2.2, JC2.4, or JG12.8.4). To keep term numbers short, two-letter combinations for subdivisions are assigned based on importance; the hierarchical level can vary from 1 to 6. Thus, term numbers do not reflect the hierarchical level of a descriptor. The hierarchical level can always be seen from the Detailed Outline. Term numbers are valid only for navigation in one edition of the AOD Thesaurus; they may change from edition to edition.
The Alphabetical Index is a Key Word Out of Context (KWOC) index that shows a multiword term under each of its constituent words (except for stop words, such as and, of, and for). Thus, SO4.2 alcoholic beverage industry appears under the access words alcoholic, beverage, and industry; see the facing sample page for an illustration of the typography and page layout.
To aid orientation, the first and last access words on the page are shown in the upper left and right corners, respectively.
Access words are printed in boldface; they are given in the singular.
Under one access word, all terms containing that word (whether singular or plural) are arranged alphabetically.
Descriptors are printed in regular type and followed by their term number, for example, pharmacodynamics +EE14e
Terms not used as descriptors (lead-in terms) are printed in italics and followed by USE and the number(s) of the descriptor(s) to be used, for example,
perspiration USE +EK2e (which is sweating)
A + before a term number indicates that the descriptor referred to has narrower terms. For example, +EE14
e pharmacodynamics has the narrower terms +EE14.2e drug dose and +EE14.4 drug effect and +EE16e drug interaction. (Reminder: a subscript "e" following the term number indicates that the descriptor is used in the ETOH database.)If an access word is itself a single-word descriptor, it has a term number following it; for example,
pharmacodynamics +EE14
If the single-word descriptor is plural, this is indicated by -s, for example,
pesticide -s YX10.4
If an access word is itself a single-word lead-in term, it is printed in bold (since it is an access word) italics (since it is a lead-in term) and followed by the number for the corresponding descriptor, for example,
perspiration USE EK2
where EK2
e is sweating.Capitalization matters. For example, pet and PET are two different words. Following the practice of most dictionaries, when two words differ only in capitalization, the lowercase word comes first.
There are many italicized lead-in terms in the Alphabetical Index that will lead the user to a descriptor in the hierarchy where there will be no corresponding synonymous term (ST) under that descriptor. This indicates that the term was considered too specific and leads to the appropriate broader term. For example, it was decided not to use proper names of tests, such as MAST or the CAGE questionnaire, as descriptors. However, these terms do appear in the Alphabetical Index and lead to their broader heading, in the example HB6.10.50
e alcohol use test.Volume 4: Annotated Alphabetical List
The Annotated Alphabetical List is a list of all the terms in the AOD Thesaurus. Unlike the Alphabetical Index, which shows each term under each of its constituent words, the Annotated Alphabetical List shows each term only once; thus, drug evaluation appears only under drug and not also under evaluation. See the sample column on the facing page for an illustration of the typography and page layout.
To aid orientation, the first and last term on the page are shown in the upper left and right corners, respectively.
Descriptor entries consist of the descriptor in bold followed by the term number and, if applicable, a scope note and cross-references. Since the Annotated Alphabetical List does not provide the hierarchical context, it must show all broader term and narrower term cross-references. (To save space, cross-references are shown only one level up or down, respectively.)
A + before a term number indicates that the descriptor referred to has narrower terms. For example,+EE18
e drug evaluation has the narrower terms +EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria and +EE18.4 drug evaluation process. (Reminder: a subscript "e" following the term number indicates that the descriptor is used in the ETOH database.)Nondescriptor entries consist of the term followed by a USE instruction indicating the descriptor(s) to be used. The USE instruction also indicates whether the descriptor is broader than the nondescriptor or a synonym of the nondescriptor.
Capitalization matters. For example, pet and PET are two different words. Following the practice of most dictionaries, when two words differ only in capitalization, the lowercase word comes first.
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Descriptors 11,323 Lead-in terms1 7,783 Total terms 19,106 History notes 2,900 Scope notes 2,085 BT and NT cross-references explicitly listed 7,508Implied by the hierarchy2 22,098 Total BT and NT 29,606 RT cross-references 10,114 Total descriptor cross-references3 39,720 1 4,823 synonyms and 2,960 preferred terms for specific concepts not selected as descriptors.2 Cross-references implied in the Annotated Hierarchy, but explicitly listed in the Annotated Alphabetical List.3 Since cross-references are reciprocal, there are 19,860 descriptor pairs linked through a cross-reference. |
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Descriptor counts by subject area
A AOD use, abuse, and dependence 164 B AOD substance or product 244 C Natural science 319 E Concepts in biomedical areas 696 F Concepts in psychology and thought 573 G Health and disease (physical or mental) 1099 H Screening and diagnostic method. Treatment method 448 J Prevention, intervention, and treatment. Health care 573 L Social psychology and related concepts 484 M Social sciences, economics, and law 1336 N Communication, information, and education 421 O Technology. Safety and accidents. Sports 239 P Demography and epidemiology. History and geography 158 R Research methods and research organization 265 S Field, discipline, or occupation 208 T Demographic characteristics 473 V Place. Language. Religious denomination 556 W Living organisms 430 X Lists of named body parts 606 Y Chemical substances by function 800 Z Chemical substances by chemical structure 1231 |
Descriptor counts by level Level 0 27 Level 1 182 Level 2 950 Level 3 2779 Level 4 3201 Level 5 2270 Level 6 1037 Level 7 419 Level 8 265 Level 9-12 193 |
This third edition was revised with the benefit of substantial indexing and searching experience. Descriptors were added to accommodate new concepts and headings in restructured hierarchies, or changed to update a term to a more accepted form or more accurately reflect the descriptors specific meaning. Commonly used medical descriptors were changed from their more scientific forms to more commonly used ones. For example, neoplastic disease was changed to cancer, and gestation was changed to pregnancy. Several hierarchies were improved and many scope notes and relationships were added. A few examples of changes are:
Section L/M was divided into two separate sections, L social psychology and related concepts, and M became social science, economics, and law. Section J xxxxxx
Changes in descriptors are noted in the history notes (HN) as follows:
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Type of Change |
Explanation |
History Note Designation |
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New descriptor (For those added in this third edition see list on p. xx) |
New descriptors that have been designated as ETOH (subscript "e" after the term number) are naturally new to ETOH and do not have the message in the history note: ETOH descriptor year. |
Introduced year. e.g., "Introduced 2000." for those introduced in the third edition; "Introduced 1995." for those introduced in the second edition. |
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Newly designated ETOH descriptors (For those newly designated in this edition see list on p. xx) |
Prior edition descriptors that were not ETOH descriptors but have now been designated as ETOH descriptors. |
ETOH descriptor year. |
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Changed descriptors (For those changed from between the second and this edition see list on p. xx) |
Descriptors that have been changed for the reasons given above. |
Changed descriptor year; through year use "former term here." |
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Descriptors no longer used in ETOH (Shown in list on p. 59) |
For those rare cases when a term was changed from being an ETOH descriptor in the first edition to a non-ETOH descriptor in the second edition. There were no new additions to this list for this edition. |
No longer an ETOH descriptor year, use "term to use here." |
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Deleted descriptors (For those deleted for this third edition see list on p. xx) |
Descriptors that were very specific and/or can be expressed easily as a combination. Most of the terms deleted as descriptors are still included in the Alphabetical Index and the Annotated Alphabetical List with instructions as to the descriptor(s) to be used. |
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Changes in scope notes, synonyms, and other relationships are not identified in the Thesaurus.
A search for a suitable descriptor can start in any part of the AOD Thesaurus. For instance, you can start with a particular term you have in mind and look it up in the Alphabetical Index to find the term number that leads to the descriptor in the Annotated Hierarchy. The Annotated Hierarchy provides the hierarchical context and more information about the descriptor. On the other hand, if you have only a general idea or a limited knowledge of the search topic and cannot pinpoint a particular term, you may want to start with the Broad Outline to locate the general subject area, proceed to the Detailed Outline to pinpoint the area more closely, then browse the more specific area in the Quick Hierarchy to find descriptors, and finally consult the Annotated Hierarchy for scope notes and relationship information. A user familiar with the hierarchy will often look directly on the appropriate place in the Quick Hierarchy or the Annotated Hierarchy.
The hierarchical organization of the Thesaurus allows for easy comparison of scope notes and other information for descriptors that are proximate to one another within the hierarchy. The hierarchical organization also suggests further avenues of searching and enables searchers to deal with topics with which they are not familiar.
The broader term (BT), narrower term (NT), and related term (RT) cross-references provide important leads to other descriptors that should be considered instead of or in addition to the descriptor found first; they are an invaluable aid to navigation in the Thesaurus.
Scope notes and related term cross-references have "hierarchical force." They apply to the descriptors down the hierarchy as well. The box below provides an example.
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Consider this excerpt from the hierarchy: JU4e health care planning RT +MQ8 program planning, implementation, and evaluation JU4.2 . regional health care planning JU4.4 . national health care planning JU4.6 . health services coordination The RT cross-reference suggests that MQ8 (or one of its narrower terms, such as MQ8.10 e program evaluation) might be useful in combination with JU4. By hierarchical force, this suggestion holds also for JU4.2, JU4.4, and JU4.6. Thus, a user considering the descriptor JU4.2 regional health care planning should also consult the cross-references under the broader descriptor JU4. |
The examples show techniques for navigating the thesaurus and illustrate how the different parts of the AOD Thesaurus complement each other. They also show how to browse up or down the hierarchy to find broader or narrower descriptors.
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Navigation Example 1 Topic: drug policy in Western Europe versus the United States Search the Alphabetical Index under the access word policy, browse the list of terms, and find public policy on illicit drugs MP18.2.6 In the Annotated Hierarchy find MP18.2.6 public policy on illicit drugs with a scope note and two related terms: MN20.12 drug laws and MP18.2.8.6 war on drugs. Continue browsing the public policy area and note MP18.2.8 AOD public policy strategy, including MP18.2.8.4 zero-tolerance, MP18.2.8.10 supply reduction policy, etc. Now look in the Detailed Outline under VA geographic location and find VD United States and VH Europe. Turn to VH Europe in the Annotated Hierarchy and find VH4 Western Europe with all the countries of Western Europe listed under the term. |
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Navigation Example 2 Topic: teratogenesis of ethanol First search the Alphabetical Index for teratogenesis and for ethanol and find Chemical teratogenesis GJ2.14.2. ethanol BB2 The most obvious query is chemical teratogenesis AND ethanol. To refine the query, look in the Annotated Hierarchy for GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis; note the cross-reference RT +EE20.6 prenatal chemical exposure which may be of interest for additional indexing or for expanding the query. However, following the RT cross-reference to EE20.6 and browsing the narrower terms (indicated by +), you find EE20.6.4.2 prenatal alcohol exposure which looks like the descriptor to use; however, the scope note limits it to discussion of the mechanism of exposure and refers to GJ2.16.2.4.2 fetal alcohol effects for a discussion of effects. A more specific query for this topic is chemical teratogenesis AND fetal alcohol effects To be on the safe side, include prenatal alcohol exposure in the query to catch documents that discuss primarily the mechanism of exposure with only passing mention of teratogenic effects. |
Indexing and Cataloging With the AOD Thesaurus
Through its hierarchical organization and its rich network and relationships that capture the concepts of interest in the field, the thesaurus supports request-oriented or user-centered indexing. It helps the indexer analyze a document from the user's perspective and identify the descriptors under which the document should be found in a search and under which it should therefore be indexed. After examining a document and assigning descriptors suggested by it, the indexer might mentally review the hierarchal structure or follow cross-references to identify less obvious descriptors under which the document should be found. For example, a document dealing with an incident involving a misleading label on an alcoholic beverage should obviously be indexed by MN28.2.6 product labeling regulation. This descriptor has a related term cross-reference reminding the indexer also to consider MS2.8 corporate responsibility, which, depending on the document and on the interests of the library's users, might be an important descriptor for the document.
Each library, information center, or database producer will use its own indexing rules suited to the needs of its users. In particular, each organization must decide to what level of specificity it wishes to index. This decision will depend primarily on the size of the center's collection, the interest of its users, and the focus of the collection. The Thesaurus is highly specific in many areas; any given organization may need that specificity in some areas but not in others.
The examples given illustrate one approach to indexing using navigation in the thesaurus structure. Other approaches are possible. When reading these examples, keep in mind that as indexers gain experience with the thesaurus, they will internalize essential parts of the structure and know where to find frequently used descriptors, speeding up the process considerably.
The structure of the AOD Thesaurus is geared toward indexing by combining concepts freely in indexing (and searching). As discussed in the section Function and Structure of the Thesaurus, the descriptors in the thesaurus represent mostly elemental concepts, and many additional concepts can and must be expressed through a combination of descriptors; for example,
nicotine craving is AE6 AOD craving combined with BD2 nicotine
lung cancer is GG20.28 cancer combined with XK4 lung
An individual system may represent the indexing of a document as a simple list of elemental descriptors; another system may group elemental descriptors into linked "subject phrases," each subject phrase representing a compound concept formed by a descriptor combination, such as
AOD craving : ethanol
The AOD Thesaurus as a basis for shelf classification. The AOD Thesaurus is designed for indexing documents with multiple descriptors at a high level of specificity; the arrangement of books on shelves poses different requirements. However, the thesaurus could be used to construct a shelf classification. A library could use the broad drug classes from section B AOD substance or product as the major principle of subdivision and then further subdivide by fairly broad concepts from section A AOD use, abuse, and dependence. The library would need to devise a system of brief notations suitable for call numbers. Libraries often have different requirements for arranging books on shelves depending on the interests of their users. Using the thesaurus as the basis for constructing such classifications would save work in creating such classifications and promote conceptual consistency among them.
Topic of article to be indexed: alcohol-related effects on neuronal structure First work on alcohol-related effects. You might remember that there is a section AL AOD effects and AODR problems and look it up in the Annotated Hierarchy to find AM2 AODE. Or you could look under either alcohol or effect in the Alphabetical Index and find alcohol effect with the instruction to USE +AM2 and BB2, which are AM2 AODE and BB2 ethanol. Check the narrower descriptors AM2.2 physiological AODE and AM2.4 psychobehavioral AODE; since the article deals with motor neurons, AM2.2 might be more appropriate, but if in doubt use AM2. There are two narrower terms, AM2.6 acute AODE and AM2.8 chronic AODE; the article does not make clear which is studied, so you cannot assign one of these descriptors. Next work on neuron or neuronal, looking them up in the Alphabetical Index. Under the access word neuron find neuron structure +XX2.2.2 (The access word neuronal would yield neuronal ultrastructure USE +XX2.2.2)
Go to the Annotated Hierarchy to XX2.2.2 neuron structure. Under this term, find descriptors for cell structures intrinsic to neurons, any of which may be more appropriate for indexing the document at hand, for example XX2.2.2.4 dendrite or XX2.2.2.6.8 nonmyelinated axon Browsing in the general area, find XX2.2.4 neuron type and, under that, XX2.2.4.4.2 motor neuron, which applies to the document. You also find XX4 neural tissue with narrower terms, but none of them apply. From neuron structure there is also a cross-reference NT +XX4.2 sensory receptors, a useful cross-reference were the document to focus on sensory neurons. Final indexing descriptors: AM2.2 physiological AODE BB2 ethanol XX2.2.4.4.2 motor neuron XX2.2.2.6.8 nonmyelinated axon |
Title: Family and adoption studies in alcoholism and drug addiction Author: Dinwiddie, S.H.; Cloninger, C.R. Source: Psychiatric Annals 21(4):206-214, 1991 Bib. Form: Literature Review Abstract: Although many disorders, such as psychiatric illnesses, including alcoholism and substance addiction, are known to aggregate within families, their transmission and the interaction of environmental factors with inborn traits are still unknown. While proof of genetic causation of addiction is not necessary to validate the concept of addiction as a disease process, by learning more about the inheritance of vulnerability to addiction, clinicians are expected to define it more accurately, to subdivide addiction, and eventually to devise more effective means of treatment. The central theme of this document is the definition and cause of drug addiction. As an indexer with a little experience, you will know to look in section A AOD use, abuse and dependence; turning to the Annotated Hierarchy and browsing the detailed outline in the front of section A yields two relevant headings AJ theory of AODU AK causes of AODU Browsing the hierarchy you note that the document would be of interest in a search for AJ4.2 disease theory of AODU or for AJ4.8 genetic theory of AODU (both under AJ4 biological AOD use disorder theory). Under AJ4.2 is an RT cross-reference to GA6.6 disorder classification; it or its neighbor GA6.4 disorder definition should perhaps be used for this document, but AJ4.2 seems sufficient. Further browsing leads to AJ10 sociocultural AOD use disorder theory, another descriptor under which this document should be found. From AJ10 is an RT cross-reference to EY12 hereditary vs environmental factors, which seems very relevant; checking it out in section E (particularly the scope note for EY12.2 hereditary factors), you find that EY14 rather than EY heredity is the correct descriptor here. An examination of the descriptors under AK shows that for the most part the theory descriptors assigned are more appropriate. (In any event, for a comprehensive search, the searcher should look under both AJ and AK.) But it appears that the document should be found under AK2 multiple AODC. Turning now to the addiction concept, you could look in the Alphabetical Index and find drug addiction USE +GC6 Look up GC6 in the Annotated Hierarchy to find the preferred term GC6 AOD dependence Alternatively, you could browse section AA nature of AODU, find AA2.4.4 AOD misuse with an NT cross-reference to GC6 AOD dependence. Browsing the GC area yields another relevant descriptor, GC18.10 familial alcoholism. (continued) |
Indexing rules may require that GC6 AOD dependence be always combined with a substance descriptor; look in section B AOD substance or product. The descriptor appropriate for this document is BA AOD substances in general. Finally consider the type of study used or discussed. The title indicates family and adoption studies. Turning directly to section RC research and evaluation methods or through the alphabetical index find RJ8.2.2.4 adoption study and RJ8.4 family study. To explore the family theme further, look in the Alphabetical Index under family. Note that many family-related concepts are found in the hierarchy +LG family and kinship. Turn to this section and browse the hierarchy for suitable descriptor(s), e.g., LG16 family environment; also LG18 family relations.
Under LG18 family relations, note the cross-reference RT +TW2 status by family relationship. Following this cross-reference yields the narrower term TW2.2 type of family relation. Under TW2.2 type of family relation, note two of its narrower terms TW2.2.2 biological family relation and TW2.2.6 adoptive family relation. Because the article discusses the type of family relationship rather than the dynamics of the relationship, the descriptor TW2.2 is the more appropriate. (Incidentally, looking under the nearby access word familial would also lead to GC18.10 familial alcoholism.) Final indexing descriptors: AJ4.2 disease theory of AODU GC18.10 familial alcoholism AJ4.8 genetic theory of AODU LG16 family environment AJ10 sociocultural AOD use disorder theory RJ8.2.2.4 adoption study AK2 multiple AODC RJ8.4 family study BA AOD substances in general TW2.2.2 biological family relation EY12 hereditary vs environmental factors TW2.2.6 adoptive family relation GC6 AOD dependence |
Searching With the AOD Thesaurus
The NIAAA's Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database (known as ETOH) and the databases maintained by NCADI are indexed with the AOD Thesaurus. The examples included in the sections on navigation and on indexing illustrate efficient ways for locating suitable descriptors in the thesaurus.
ETOH Descriptors and Searching ETOH. Because the AOD Thesaurus extends beyond the scope of alcohol research, not all thesaurus descriptors are necessary for the indexing of ETOH. Therefore, each descriptor in the thesaurus has been carefully considered for designation as an ETOH indexing term. These descriptors are marked by a subscript "e" to the right of the term number, for example, FD4e AOD personality. This designation appears in all parts of the thesaurus. On Ovid Technology's system, these ETOH descriptors can be searched in the fields MJ (major descriptor) and MN (minor descriptor). AOD Thesaurus descriptors not selected as ETOH descriptors may have been placed in the ID (identifier) field and can be searched in this field. In addition, descriptor-based searching of ETOH can always be supplemented with free-text searching of title, abstract, and assigned terms.
Searching NCADI Databases. The NCADI databases are indexed with the AOD Thesaurus. For information about searching these databases, contact NCADI. These databases are now online at http://www.health.org.
Free-Text Searching With the AOD Thesaurus
The AOD Thesaurus provides terms and relationships between and among terms that searchers will find valuable in free-text searching in any database. For example, a user interested in the effects of a particular AOD substance on consciousness will find in the Detailed Outline in the section FA psychology the heading FF state of consciousness. Consulting the Annotated Hierarchy under that heading yields narrower terms describing various states of consciousness, such as attention, wakefulness, and sleep, together with cross-references to related terms, providing the user with more detailed terminology that will serve in searching across databases. The thesaurus also provides a plethora of synonyms; for example, the descriptor FF2.6.4.;l2 REM sleep has five synonyms: active eye movement sleep; active sleep; desynchronized sleep; dream sleep; and, of course, its full term, rapid eye movement sleep. This enables the searcher to conduct a thorough free-text search with the expression
REM sleep OR active eye movement sleep OR active sleep OR desynchronized sleep OR dream sleep OR rapid eye movement sleep.
NOTE: The way in which multiword terms are entered depends on the proximity commands of the database system used. For example, the term active sleep may require any of the following forms:
active with sleep or
active adj sleep.
The following examples illustrate the use of the thesaurus in searching. Example 1 shows descriptor-based searching and example 2 shows free-text searching.
Search topic: impact of price and advertising on tobacco consumption First work on the basic concept, tobacco consumption. Browse the section B AOD substance or product until finding the drug BD tobacco in any form. To identify the proper descriptor for consumption, look in the Alphabetical Index and find AOD consumption AD12.6. Turn to the Annotated Hierarchy under AD12.6; there is a related term +MT2.8 AOD sales; this descriptor will prove useful should the search need broadening. (In this example, there is actually a narrower precombined descriptor MT2.8.4 tobacco sales, but we will ignore it here to keep the example simple.) To find price, you could browse around in the MT2.12 area of the economics section (since you are already there) or you could look in the Alphabetical Index under price; either way, you find AOD price MT2.12 In the Annotated Hierarchy, under MT2.12 AOD price there is a related term cross-reference to MT22.4.4 sales and excise tax, a tax that is applied to tobacco and impacts on the price and may thus be useful in expanding the search. You can now put together the first subquery: tobacco in any form AND AOD consumption AND AOD price OR OR AOD sales sales and excise tax Now work on the advertising concept. Browsing the Detailed Outline, M social sciences, economics, and law yields MR marketing and public relations. Go to this section of the Annotated Hierarchy and scan the hierarchy to find MR6 advertising and under it MR6.2 AOD product advertising. Following the hierarchy further down, MR6.2.8 AOD advertising impact shows a broader term MR6.22 advertising effect, that may be of use in broadening the search. The second subquery thus becomes tobacco in any form AND AOD consumption AND AOD advertising impact OR OR AOD sales advertising effect It also might be useful to broaden the search by using MT2 economic aspects of AOD and AOD use instead of the narrower AOD price. The hierarchy helps in finding such broader descriptors, and more generally, in thinking about the ramifications of a search topic. |
Search topic: self-help books for parents with adolescents with drug/alcohol problems Look in the Alphabetical Index under self to find self-help group USE JP20.2. Looking for that term number in the Annotated Hierarchy yields JP20.2 mutual help and support group with another synonym, self help improvement. Next look in the Alphabetical Index under parent, also noting parental, and find Under parent: parent +TW2.8 parent AOD education JG104.6.6 parent-child relations +LG18.2.2 role of parent +LG18.12.2 Under parental: parental attitude LG16.4 Look up LG18.12.2 role of parent, one of the strongest candidates, in the Annotated Hierarchy and note the related term LG14.4.2 parenting skills. Follow that cross-reference and note the broader term cross-reference to FE10.4 life skills, which has a related term to another potentially useful term, NF20.4 skills building. (continued) |
Now look in the Alphabetical Index under adolescent and find: adolescent TA14. In the Annotated Hierarchy, TA14 adolescent is shown with the synonyms pubescent, teenager, and youth (young person) and the narrower term TZ2.2 high-risk youth. Finally, look in the Alphabetical Index for drug abuse and find drug abuse USE +GC2. Consulting the Annotated Hierarchy under GC2 yields the preferred term GC2 AOD abuse with the synonyms substance abuse, drug abuse, and chemical abuse. Also, under GC is another useful term, GC6 AOD dependence, with several synonyms, including drug addiction. GC2 has a broader term, +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse. Looking there, find AA2 AOD use above it in the hierarchy and, still further up, A AOD use, abuse, and dependence, with the synonym ATOD use, abuse, and dependence. From the descriptors and synonyms found in the thesaurus, extract the following words and phrases to be used in free-text searching. Phrases must be searched according to the syntax of the search system used; use truncation; search for both hyphenated and unhyphenated forms. This results in the following query formulation: (self help OR self improvement OR mutual support OR skills) AND parent (in free-text searching, parent searched with truncation will find parent education, parenting skills, etc.) AND (adolescent OR teenager OR youth OR pubescent) AND (abuse OR use OR dependence OR dependent) AND (AOD OR ATOD OR drug OR substance OR chemical OR alcohol) In a search variation, replace the last two lines by (addiction OR high risk). To broaden the query, use (parent OR family), and/or add specific drug terms (found in the Annotated Hierarchy, section B AOD substance or product) to the OR expression, and/or omit an AND component, especially the last one. |
Glossary of Thesaurus Terminology
access word: Single-word term or single-word fragment of a multi-word term. Typed in boldface in the Alphabetical Index. All descriptors and other terms that contain an access word are alphabetized under it by first letter.
broader term: A descriptor superordinate in the hierarchy. Broader terms that are located elsewhere in the hierarchy are shown through Broader Term (BT) cross-references.
controlled vocabulary: An authority list of descriptors, that is, terms that may be used in indexing and searching.
cross-reference: Any type of relationship referring to a descriptor that is classified elsewhere in the hierarchy; includes broader term, narrower term, or related term relationships.
descriptor: Single-word or multi-word term used in indexing and searching to represent a concept or class of concepts. Descriptors are listed in the Alphabetical Index under each single-word component, or access word. Descriptors are listed only once in the Hierarchical List as a term preceded by dots to indicate its position in the hierarchical tree. Descriptors may also be listed as broader terms, narrower terms, or related terms in other places in the Hierarchical List. See preferred descriptor. Synonyms: term, concept. See also broader term, narrower term, related term, preferred descriptor, and nonpreferred descriptor.
descriptor notation: Same as term number.
hierarchy: A system of vertical relations between concepts, or descriptors, whereby the superordination or subordination of concepts is expressed. The relationship between superordinate and subordinate descriptors is such that the subordinate descriptor can be said to be either an example of or a part of the superordinate descriptor. In the AOD Thesaurus, the most important hierarchical relationships are indicated by the position of a descriptor in a list of descriptors preceded by dot-levels and term numbers. Less important hierarchical relationships are shown by means of Broader Term (BT) and Narrower Term (NT) relationships.
hierarchical relationship: See hierarchy.
hierarchical tree: See hierarchy.
lead-in term: A term that is not a descriptor. Provides an entry point to the appropriate descriptor.
narrower term: A descriptor subordinate in the hierarchy. Narrower terms that are located elsewhere in the hierarchy are shown through Narrower Term (NT) cross-references.
nonpreferred term: A synonymous or equivalent (quasi-synonymous) term of a preferred descriptor. It is not used in indexing, but does direct the user to the preferred term. Same as lead-in term.
other preferred term: A term that represents a concept in its own right (not a synonym for a descriptor), but is considered too specific for indexing. Other preferred terms are included when they are useful as lead-in terms.
postcombined term: A term that is formed by combining descriptors to form a compound concept in a query formulation.
precombined term: A compound concept that is used as a descriptor.
preferred term: An "official" term, whether a single-word term or a phrase, ta which a notation has been assigned. May be a descriptor (used in indexing and searching) or an other preferred term.
related term: Used to refer to descriptors that are classified elsewhere in the hierarchy but which clearly have a connection to the descriptor under which it is listed. The nature of these relationships is diverse, some examples being causality, topographic proximity, function, etc.
scope note: Provides definitions, information about general usage, or information about usage within the context of the AOD Thesaurus.
subordinate descriptor: See narrower term.
superordinate descriptor: See broader term.
synonymous term: Indicates terms with the same meaning or an equivalent (quasi-synonymous) meaning.
term number: Number assigned to each descriptor. This number consists of two letters followed by 1 to 9 one-digit or two digit numbers separated by periods. In the Hierarchical List, term numbers are displayed in a column on the left-hand side of the page. Each term number is preceded by a superscript number indicating hierarchical levels. The superscript number is omitted in the Alphabetical Index. The first letter of the number indicates 1 of the 23 main categories into which the AOD Thesaurus is divided. The second letter indicates subdivisions of the main category.
thesaurus: A collection of selected terms or concepts used as an instrument of vocabulary control to aid in "translating" the natural language of documents and query statements into the controlled vocabulary of the thesaurus. As a structured subset of natural language, it describes the subject content of documents, objects, or collections of data. The AOD Thesaurus was conceived as a controlled vocabulary for the Alcohol and Alcohol Science Problems Database (ETOH) and for the CSAP's National Clearinghouse an Alcohol and Other Drug Information (NCADI) database, both of which are bibliographic databases, and for practitioners researchers, and information specialists in the development, classification, and retrieval of materials in the AOD field.
Reference List of Test Names
The purpose of this list is to provide the formal names and abbreviations for these test names to facilitate free text searching. Many of these names can be found in the identifier field or abstract various databases.
HB6.10e specific AODU measurements and test
Addiction Admission Scale (AAS)
Addiction Potential Scale (APS)
Addiction Severity Index (ASI)
Brown-Peterson Recovery Progress Inventory (BPRPI)
Chemical Dependency Assessment Profile (CDAP)
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA)
CIDI Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM)
CIDI Core Alcohol Module (CIDI Core)
Drug Abuse Inventory (DAI)
Drug Abuse Screening Tests (DAST)
Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI)
Mortimer Filkins Courtroom Procedure
Personal Experience Scales (PES)
Personal Experience with Chemicals Scale (PECS)
Personal Experience with Living Scale (PELS)
Profile of Mood States (POMS)
Problem Situation Inventory (PSI)
Psychiatric Research. Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM) (Note: formerly known as the SCID-A/D or Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III)
Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTCQ)
Risk Behavior Inventory (RBI)
Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID) (Note: now known as the Psychitric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders)
Substance Abuse Attitude Survey (SAAS)
Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)
Substance Use Disorders Diagnostic Schedule (SUDDS)
Treatment Services Review (TSR)
HB6.10.48e adolescent AOD use test
Adolescent Diagnostic Interview (ADI)
Chemical Dependency Adolescent Assessment Project (CDAAP)
Personal Experience Inventory (PEI)
Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ)
Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI)
HB6.10.50e alcohol use test
Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASE)
Alcohol Clinical Index (ACI)
Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS)
Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ)
Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ)
Alcohol-Specific Role Play Test (ASRPT)
Alcohol Timeline Followback Method (TLFB)
Alcohol Use Disorders & Assoc. Disabilities Interv. Schedule (AUDADIS)
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI)
CAGE questionnaire
Canterbury Alcoholism Screening Test
Note: Also abbreviated as CAST - same as Children of Alcoholics Screening Test.
Children of Alcoholics Information Test (COAT)
Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST)
Comprehensive Drinker Profile (CDP)
Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (DEQ)
Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC)
Drinking Problems Index (DPI)
Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DRSEQ)
Drinking Related Internal External Locus of Control Scale (DRIE)
Drinking Restraint Scale (DRS)
Drinking Self-Monitoring Scale (DSML)
Family Tree Questionnaire for Assessing Family. History of Drinking Problems (FTQ)
Followup Drinker Profile (FDP)
Impaired Control Scale (ICS)
Inventory of Drinking Situations (IDS)
Le-Go Grid
Lifetime Drinking History (LDH)
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and variants (MAST and variants)
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST)
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test for Significant Others (MAST-SO)
Brief MAST
Malmo Modification of the MAST
Short MAST
Adapted Short MAST for Fathers (F-SMAST)
Adapted Short MAST for Mothers (M-SMAST)
Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT)
MMPI-derived scales
Hampton AL Scale
Hoyt and Sedlacek AH
Holmes and Burton AM
MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC; MacAndrew Scale)
MAC + L scale
Rosenberg Composite
Motivational Structure Questionnaire (MSQ)
Negative Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (NAEQ)
Parental Drinking Questionnaire (PDQ)
Perceived Benefit of Drinking Scale (PBDS)
Restrained Drinking Scale (RDS)
Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI)
Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST)
Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ)
Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD)
Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ)
Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI)
Veterans Alcoholism Screening Test (VAST)
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Modified (Y-BOCS-hd)
Your Workplace
HB6.10.50.92e alcohol quantity-frequency methods
Composite Quantity Frequency Index
Graduated-Frequency Measure
NIAAA Quantity Frequency
Quantity-Frequency Variability Index
Volume-Pattern Index
Volume-Variability Index
Rand Quantity Frequency
HB6.10.50.94e adolescent alcohol use test
Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS)
Adolescent Drinking Index (Adi)
Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire for Adolescents (AEQ-A)
Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test (YAAPST)
HG22.6e neuropsychological assessment
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery trail making test
HH2e psychological assessment
HH4e psychodiagnostic interview
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI;
CIDI-CORE)
HH6e personality test
Q-sort
Bender Gestalt test
HH6.6e personality inventory (or Personality Battery)
Barron-Welsh Art Scale
Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ)
Codependency Assessment Inventory
(CDAI; Freil Co-Dependency Assessment Inventory; or FCAI)
Coopersmith Adult Self-Esteem Inventory
Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS)
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)
Embedded Figures Test (EFT)
Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI)
Family Crisis-Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales
(F-COPES)
Fear Survey Schedule (FSS)
Fundamental Interpersonal Relations (FIRO-B)
(Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Behavior)
Goldstein-Sheerer Object Sort Test
Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS)
High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (I-E)
Jackson Personality Research Form (PRF)
Manifest Anxiety Scale
Memory-for-Designs Test (MFD)
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Mooney Problem Checklist
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Omnibus Personality Inventory
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI)
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
(16 Personality Factor Questionnaire; Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire; or 16PF)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Tennessee Self-Concept Scale
Test Anxiety Scale
Vineland Social Maturity Scale
Welsh Figure Preference Test (WFPT)
HH6.8e projective techniques
inkblot tests
Rorschach Test
Holtzman Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Blacky Pictures Test
Children's Apperception Test
Color Pyramid Test
Drawing Tasks
Franck Drawing Completion Test
Human Figures Drawing
Onomatopoeia and Images Test
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study
Rotter Incomplete Sentences
Szondi Test
Zulliger Z Test
HH6.10e other personality tests
Adjective Check List (ACL)
Child Behavior Rating Scale
Q-Tags Personality Test
semantic differential
word association tests
HH8e aptitude tests
HH8.2e intelligence test
Wechsler scales
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Stanford-Binet test (Stanford-Binet Intelligence
Scale)
Quick Test
Time Appreciation Test
HH10e language test
HH12e perceptual test
Compensatory Tracking Task
Critical Tracking Tasks
Body-Adjustment Test
Field Dependence Independence
Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT)
visual search tasks
Visual Short-Term Memory Task
Divided Attention Task
Information Processing Task
HH14e behavioral test battery
HH16e psychiatric status rating scales
depression scale
Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia (SADS)
Katz Adjustment Scale
Lorr's Inpatient Scale (Lorr's Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Rating Scale)
Mental Status Schedule
Overall and Gorham Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
Wittenborn scales (Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scales)
HH18e psychological performance test
New Descriptors in the Third Edition
New descriptors are identified by the following message in the history note (HN):
Introduced 2000.
AD6e AOD-seeking behavior
AD12.2 measure of AOD intake and consumption
AD12.6.2e individual AOD consumption
AD12.6.4e aggregate AOD consumption
AD12.8 overall AOD use pattern defined by amount
AE4.12 loss of AOD tolerance
AF4e AOD use for intoxication
AF12 AOD use for taste enjoyment
AF14 AOD use for nutritional purposes
AH12e age of AODU onset
AH12.2e early AODU onset
AH12.4e late AODU onset
AH16 denial vs acknowledgment of AODD
AJ2.2 vulnerability model of AODU disorder
AJ6.6e problem behavior theory of AODU
AJ6.14 self-derogation theory of AODU
AJ6.16 social development theory of AODU
AJ6.20 conditional preference model of AODU
AJ10.10e public health model of AODU
AK4.2.2 genetic AODC
AM4.2e AODR injury
AN6 problems for those close to the AOD user
AN8.2e public AOD use
BA8 habit-forming drug
BB2.14 denatured alcohol
BB4.2.8 sweet alcoholic beverage
BB4.6.2 medical or pharmaceutical alcohol product
BB4.6.4 cosmetic alcohol product
BB4.6.6 other nonfood alcohol product
BD6.2 secondhand smoke
BD8.2 nicotine replacement system
BE8e medical use of marijuana
BM steroids of abuse
BN other specific drug of abuse
BV2.2 standard AOD dose
BV4 measure of AOD strength
BV4.2 measure of alcohol strength
CF14.2.2e water solubility
CF14.2.4e lipid solubility
CK14 acidity or alkalinity
CL8.2e polymerization
CM4e oxidative stress
CM24.4 fluorination
CM34.2e autophosphorylation
CQ12.20.2.8.2e microdialysis
EA10.4.6e total body water
EA10.8.4e body mass index
EA10.10e body part weight
EA10.10.2e bone mass density
EA10.10.4e bone mineral density
EA14.4 external biological movement
EA18.2e stressor
EA18.2.2 acute stressor
EA18.2.4 chronic stressor
EA18.2.6 traumatic stressor
EA20 stress moderator
EA22.2.2e body part rejection
EA24.8.6e energy intake
ED4.2e neural development
ED4.6 conception and pregnancy
ED4.10.2e embryologic development
ED4.10.2.4.4e sexual differentiation
ED4.14.2.2e premature birth
EE12.6.8e drug retention
EE14.4.4.4.2.4e neurotoxicity
EE20.4e reproductive effects of AODU
EE20.4.2 maternal AOD exposure
EE20.4.2.2 maternal alcohol exposure
EE20.4.4 paternal AOD exposure
EE20.4.4.2 paternal alcohol exposure
EE20.6.2 timing of prenatal chemical exposure
EE20.8 postnatal chemical exposure
EE20.8.2e postnatal AOD exposure
EE20.8.2.2e postnatal alcohol exposure
EF4.4.2.2 skin patch
EF4.4.2.4e iontophoresis
EF4.4.2.4.2e microiontopheresis
EF4.4.4.6.2 nicotine inhaler
EF4.4.4.6.4 nicotine spray
EG2.6 cell life cycle
EG2.6.6.2e apoptosis
EG14.8.10e potassium channel
EK4e skin conductance
EL2.6e microcirculation
EL4.10e vasoconstriction
EL4.12e vasodilation
ES4.2.4.2 spermatogenesis stage I
ES16e pre menopause
ES20e post menopause
ET2.6e fibrinolytic system
ET2.10e hemolysis
EU2e endocrine pathways and axes
EU2.2 hormonal cascade
EU2.2.2 stress hormone cascade
EU2.6e hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
EW2e neuroelectric phenomenon
EW8e hyperexcitability
EW8.2e kindling mechanism
EX6.2e ethanol-responsive gene
EX6.12.2 X-linked gene
EX6.12.4 Y-linked gene
EX8.6.4.2e transcription factors
EX8.6.4.4e reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
EX8.6.4.6e reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
EX10.10.2e c Fos gene
EX12e genetic technology
EX12.2e gene knockout technology
EX12.2.2 conventional gene knockout technology
EX12.2.4 conditional gene knockout technology
EX12.4e transgenic technology
EX12.4.2 conventional transgenic technology
EX12.4.4 regulatable transgenic technology
EX12.6e polymerase chain reaction
EY2.8.4 Y-linked inheritance
EZ biological laboratory methods
EZ2 biological analysis and measurement
EZ2.2e cytometry
EZ4 lab culture substrate
FB6.2e self-psychology
FB10e theory of reasoned action
FC4 positive psychological development
FC4.2 positive youth development
FD18.8e self-regulation
FD18.8.2 self-regulatory deficiency
FD18.14 persistence
FD18.16 psychological tolerance
FD18.18e adaptability (personality)
FD18.32 helplessness
FE10.4.4e self-management skills
FE10.4.4.2 behavioral self-management
FE10.4.4.4 emotional self-management
FF2.2.2e divided attention
FF2.2.4e selective attention
FG12 perceptual acuity
FG28.4 visuospatial ability
FG28.10e binocular depth inversion
FJ4.22e reaction time
FK6.4.4 discouragement (conditioning)
FK6.4.4.4 omission training
FK6.6 general conditioning concepts
FK6.6.6 reinforcer or punisher
FK6.6.6.2 primary reinforcer or punisher
FK6.6.6.4 secondary reinforcer or punisher
FK6.6.8e cue reactivity
FK6.6.10 conditioned inhibition
FK6.6.12 associative bias
FK6.6.14e blocking (conditioning)
FK6.8 conditioning by type of stimulus
FK6.8.2e place conditioning
FK6.8.4e taste conditioning
FK8 generalization vs discrimination in learning
FK14 inductive learning
FL4.4e visual memory
FL4.6e spatial memory
FL4.12e verbal memory
FM2 maladaptation
FN20 intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation
FP8e expression of emotion
FQ6.2e occupational stress
FR6e problem behavior theory
FR16.2.2.2e AOD expectancies
FR16.2.2.2.2e positive AOD expectancies
FR16.2.2.2.4e negative AOD expectancies
FR16.2.2.2.6 AOD expectancies by time range
FR16.2.2.2.6.2 short-term AOD expectancies
FR16.2.2.2.6.4 long-term AOD expectancies
FR16.4 health-related beliefs
FR16.6e attitude towards illness or disability
FR16.6.2e attitude towards own illness or disability
FR16.6.4e attitude towards illness or disability in others
FS8e personal responsibility
FS30e choice-making behavior
FS36e reward dependence behavior
FS38 safe and unsafe behavior
FS38.2 perceived risk
FS38.4 safe behavior
FS38.4.2e harm-avoidance behavior
FS38.6 unsafe behavior
FS46 outgoing and shy behavior
FS46.2 outgoing behavior
FS46.4 shy behavior
FS52e rebelliousness
FV8.4.4 generalization
FV10e causal pathways
GA2.6.2 subjective well-being
GA8.2 biopsychosocial disease model
GA8.4e transactional disease model
GA8.8e psychosocial disease model
GA8.8.2 psychological disease model
GA8.8.6 philosophical disease model
GA10.8.2.2e fetal vulnerability
GA10.8.2.4e fetal sensitivity
GA12.2.2e early disease onset
GA12.2.4e late disease onset
GA12.8.4.2 remission by duration
GA12.8.4.2.2 early remission
GA12.8.4.2.4 sustained remission
GA12.8.4.4 remission by degree
GA12.8.4.4.2 partial remission
GA12.8.4.4.4 full remission
GC8.2 early phase AOD withdrawal syndrome
GC8.4 intermediate phase AOD withdrawal syndrome
GC8.6 late phase AOD withdrawal syndrome
GG8.16e gynecomastia
GG20.10 metaplasia
GG20.24e metastasis
GG20.28.4.4.2e squamous cell carcinoma
GG20.28.4.4.4e adenocarcinoma
GH6.2.2 injury mechanism
GH6.2.4 injury by intent
GH6.2.4.2 unintentional injury
GH6.2.4.4 injury caused by assault
GH6.2.4.6 self-inflicted injury
GH6.2.6 type of injury
GH14.2 nutritional excess
GH16.10 communicable disease by infectious agent
GH16.12.2 chronic fatigue syndrome
GH16.12.6.10e hepatitis E
GH16.12.6.12e hepatitis G
GH16.14.2e endotoxemia
GJ2.16.2.4e alcohol-related intrauterine disorder
GJ2.16.2.4.4e alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
GJ2.16.2.4.6.2 partial FAS with confirmed maternal alcohol exposure
GJ2.16.2.4.6.4 FAS without confirmed maternal alcohol exposure
GJ2.16.2.4.6.6 FAS with confirmed maternal alcohol exposure
GJ6.10 premature aging
GL2.4e impaired balance and coordination
GL4.2e craniofacial anomaly
GL14.12e osteopenia
GN6.4.4.4.2e congestive heart failure
GN6.6e cardiac decompensation
GN8.4.6.8e cardiac fibrillation
GN8.4.6.8.2e atrial fibrillation
GN8.4.6.8.4e ventricular fibrillation
GQ6.6.6 inflammatory bowel disease
GQ6.6.6.4.2 ulcerative colitis
GR4.10e glucose intolerance
GR4.16e hyperinsulinemia
GR20.8.2.8.2e alcoholic ketoacidosis
GS2.2.2e nephrotic syndrome
GS4.2.8 hypogonadism
GT2.6.16 hyperchromic anemia
GW8.4.2e impaired visual acuity
GX4.4.2e AODR structural brain damage
GX4.16.6 encephalomyelitis
GY4 minimal brain dysfunction
GZ2.2.2e autism
GZ2.8e spatial processing impairment
GZ2.16e anhedonia
GZ16.28.2 borderline personality disorder
GZ2.18e alexithymia
GZ2.22.2e AODR behavioral problem
GZ2.22.2.2 alcohol-related behavioral problem
GZ2.22.2.4 drug-related behavioral problem
GZ2.22.4e childhood behavioral problem
GZ6.2.6.2e non-AODR amnestic syndrome
GZ6.2.6.4.2e nonalcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome
GZ24.4 compulsive overeating
GZ28.4e sleep apnea
HA2 general description of diagnostic methods
HA2.6 invasive vs noninvasive procedure
HA2.6.2 invasive procedure
HA2.6.4 noninvasive procedure
HB4.6e AODR markers
HB4.6.2.2e AODR biochemical markers
HB4.6.2.6 AODR clinical markers
HB4.6.2.8.2 alcohol-related biochemical markers
HB6.10.48e adolescent AOD use test
HB6.10.50.92e alcohol quantity-frequency methods
HB6.10.50.94e adolescent alcohol use test
HD2.4 body measurement
HD2.4.2e morphometric analysis
HD8 dietary assessment
HE2e anthropometry
HE2.2e computer-based morphometric analysis
HF28 behavioral markers
HF30 sociocultural markers
HG4 musculoskeletal diagnosis
HG22.8.6.2e P3 amplitude
HG22.8.6.4e P 300 amplitude
HJ2 general treatment method concepts
HJ2.4 treatment classification
HR2e herbal therapy
HR10e hormone therapy
HR10.2e estrogen replacement therapy
HT6.8e homeopathy
HT6.18 aromatherapy
HT6.20 meditation therapy
HT6.22 reflexology
HV6.20 surgical resection
HZ2.2.2 brief psychosocial therapy
HZ2.6.2 couples therapy
HZ6e dynamics of psychotherapy
HZ6.8e self-disclosure
HZ6.10.2e self-change
HZ8.22 interactional therapy
JA general prevention, treatment, and maintenance concepts
JA2 health services, prevention, and treatment research
JA2.4.2 prevention-related research
JA4.6 recipient-intervention matching
JA4.8 recipient-intervenor matching
JA4.10 intervenor-recipient relations
JA4.12 prevention or treatment protocol
JA4.12.2 manual-based prevention or treatment
JA4.12.4 adaptive prevention or treatment
JA4.12.8 prevention or treatment approval
JA4.12.8.2 prevention or treatment approval by medical-ethical committee
JA4.12.10e patient supervision
JA6.2 risk and protective factors by number of domains
JA6.2.2 single-domain risk and protective factors
JA6.2.4 multiple-domain risk and protective factors
JA6.4 cross-generation risk factors
JA6.10 modifiability of risk or protective factors
JA6.12 internal risk and protective factors
JA6.12.6 biological risk and protective factors
JA6.12.6.6 genetic risk and protective factors
JA6.12.8 psychological risk and protective factors
JA6.14 external risk and protective factors
JA6.14.2 interpersonal risk and protective factors
JA6.14.2.2 family risk and protective factors
JA6.14.2.4 peer risk and protective factors
JA6.14.4 life circumstance risk and protective factors
JA6.14.6 environmental risk and protective factors
JA6.14.6.6 medical environmental risk and protective factors
JA6.14.6.8 social environmental risk and protective factors
JA6.14.6.8.6 school risk and protective factors
JA6.14.6.8.8 sociocultural risk and protective factors
JA6.16 behavioral risk and protective factors
JA6.18 demographic risk and protective factors
JB4.2 intermediate prevention goals
JB4.4.2 prevention of new cases of disorder
JB4.4.2.2 prevention of first incidence of a disorder
JB4.4.2.2.2 prevent the start of etiologic sequence
JB4.4.2.2.4 halt the progression of an etiologic sequence
JB4.4.2.4 prevention of later incidences of a disorder
JB4.4.2.6 delay the onset of disorder
JB4.4.4 reduce existing cases of disorder
JB4.4.6 reduce duration or severity of disorder
JB4.4.6.2 reduce the duration of disorder
JB4.4.6.4 reduce the severity of disorder
JB4.4.8 comorbidity prevention
JB8 prevention side effects
JB10e attitude toward prevention
JB12e prevention readiness
JB14e prevention paradox
JC basic prevention categories
JC2 prevention by timing of the intervention
JC4 prevention by scope of recipient group
JC4.2e universal prevention
JC4.4e targeted prevention
JC4.4.2e selective prevention
JC4.4.4e indicated prevention
JC4.6 prevention directed at groups
JD2e social influence prevention model
JF10.8 community-center-based prevention
JF10.12 prevention in community settings after school
JF10.12.2 recreation-center-based prevention
JF10.12.4 youth-club-based prevention
JF10.14.2 parent-group-based prevention
JF10.14.4e prevention in the home
JF12 prevention in an AOD venue
JF14e agents delivering the intervention
JF16 recipient of preventive intervention
JF16.2 education of prevention agents
JF16.2.4.2 prevention through training of health care professionals
JF16.2.4.4 prevention through training of community leaders
JF16.4e prevention effort directed at people at risk
JG8 prevention approach by locus of change
JG10 individual-level prevention
JG10.2 individual- vs family-focused prevention
JG10.2.4.2 family AOD education
JG10.2.4.4 prevention home visit
JG10.4.4.2e mass media prevention approach
JG10.4.4.2.2 prevention media campaign
JG10.4.4.4.6 dissemination of AODU prevalence information
JG10.4.4.6 dissemination of warnings
JG10.4.12e prevention through influential people
JG10.4.14.2e resistance education
JG10.6e prevention through social bonding
JG10.10 prevention through public commitment
JG10.12e early intervention (young children)
JG12.4.4 regulatory prevention approach
JG12.10 prevention through product substitution
JG12.12e prevention through changing the social environment
JG12.14 environmental measures to influence individual decisions
JG12.14.6.4 specific deterrence
JG12.14.6.6e visibility of enforcement
JG12.16e prevention through decreasing availability and accessibility
JG12.16.2.10 prevention through access restriction
JG14e multi-level prevention
JG16 embedded prevention
JG18 multi-generation prevention
JG20 duration of prevention effort
JG20.2 short-term prevention effort
JG20.4 long-term prevention effort
JG22 intensity of prevention effort
JG24 AODR traffic safety measures
JG26.2.2.2 early identification
JG26.2.2.4 lifestyle assessment
JG26.2.4e identification and screening for actual disorder
JG26.4.6 multiple-gating screening procedure
JH4.6.10.4 yoga
JH6e preventive therapeutic measures
JH10.6.6.2 prophylactics use
JH10.6.6.2.4 prophylactics distribution
JH8 nutrition-related public health measures
JH10 prevention of specific conditions
JJ2 early intervention (early in a disease)
JJ6 intervention by agent or context
JJ8 intervention process and procedures
JJ8.2 intervention meeting
JKe prevention barriers
JK2 cognitive prevention barriers
JK4 social prevention barriers
JM2.2 treatment referral
JM8.2e brief intervention
JM8.8e institutionalization vs deinstitutionalization
JM8.10e patient processing
JN4.6.2 overdiagnosis
JN4.8e postmortem diagnosis
JP4.2e comprehensive treatment program
JP4.4e co-treatment
JP8e patient risk management
JP10.2.2e patient attitude toward treatment
JP10.2.6e treatment readiness
JP10.2.8e treatment refusal
JP10.2.14e patient satisfaction
JP10.4e treatment provider characteristics
JP10.6e provider attitude toward treatment
JP10.8e treatment-provider-patient relations
JP10.8.4 provider attitude toward patient
JP12.10.2 medication error
JP12.18 continuity of care
JP16 acute care vs long-term care
JP18e treatment duration
JP20.2.4 early treatment phase
JP20.4 main treatment phase
JP20.6e treatment completion
JQ10 care by medical necessity
JQ10.2e medically necessary care
JQ10.4e elective care
JS2.2 range of health care services
JS2.4.2.2e group model HMO
JS2.4.2.4e managed behavioral health carve-out plan
JS2.6.2 health care access factors
JS2.6.2.6.2e economic barriers to treatment
JS2.6.2.6.4e waiting list for health services
JS2.12 triage
JS2.16 health care use
JT4.2 physician services
JT8.10.2 treatment-facility-based health service
JT14.2.2 primary care facility
JT14.2.4.2 group practice
JT14.2.4.4 general practice
JT16 health care facility staffing pattern
JT18 alternate delivery systems
JT20 informal health services
JU4.8 health services consolidation
JU4.8.2 consolidation of AOD health services
JU8.2.4.2 community health management information system
JU8.2.4.16e medical examiner report
JV2 health services supply and demand
JV4e health care cost-effectiveness
JV4.2e cost-effectiveness of AOD health services
JV6.2 public vs private health care financg
JV6.2.4 private health care financing
JV6.4.2e prevention or treatment preapproval
JV6.4.4.2e case rate payment system
JV6.4.4.4e capitated payment system
JV6.4.6.6e community rating
JV6.4.6.8e adverse selection
JV6.4.6.10e accountable health plan
JZ4e counseling style
Le social psychology and related concepts
LB4.8 socialization in a multicultural society
LB4.8.2e cultural identity
LB4.10 exposure to societal influences
LB4.10.2e exposure to AOD activity
LB4.10.4e exposure to violence
LB4.12e perception of norms
LB16 social attachment vs detachment
LB16.4e social connectedness
LB16.6e social attachment
LB16.6.2e social participation
LC2.2e interpersonal perception
LC2.8 perception by others
LC2.14.2e level of AOD use among peers
LC2.14.6e peer resistance
LG2 family and AOD
LG12.2e foster care
LG14.6 family activities
LG14.10e family support
LG14.10.2 parental support
LG16.2.2 parental mental health
LG16.4.2e parental tolerance of adolescent AOD use
LG16.6e parental monitoring
LG16.10 positive child-rearing environment
LG16.12 adverse child-rearing environment
LG18.2.2e parent-child communication
LG18.2.4e parental control
LH2e quality of life
LH4.2 interpersonal problems
LH4.4e financial problems
LJ6.2.2e early childhood
LJ6.2.4 middle childhood
LK2.24 school-related event
LK2.24.2 problems at school
LK4.2 problems with spouse, family, or friend
LK4.2.2 problems with spouse or significant other
LK4.2.4 problems with parent or family
LK4.2.6 problems with friend
LK4.4 separation or divorce of parents
LK4.18 separation from or loss of family member or friend
LK4.18.2 leaving home
LK4.18.8 separation from close friend
LK8 other type of life event
LM4 context of influence
LN12e community environment
LN22 level of violence in the context
LN30 cultural or entertainment event
LN36 school context
LR4 open drug scene
LR6.6 safe spaces for drug users
LR10e housing
LR16.6 shopping mall
LR18.4 beach
LR18.6 street, sidewalk
LU8.2.2.4 helping relationship
LU8.4.4.2 dissent
LW6 membership growth and attrition
LW6.2e membership growth
LW6.4e membership attrition
LW14 inducement for participation
LW14.2e participation for remuneration
LYe availability, accessibility, and use
LY2e social availability or accessibility
LY4e legal availability or accessibility
LY6e economic availability or accessibility
LY8e availability or accessibility to minors
LY12e accessibility
LY12.2e physical accessibility
LY14 acceptability
LY16 appropriateness
LY18 problems of waiting for a product or services
LY18.2e waiting list
LY18.4e waiting time
MCe sociocultural aspects of AOD use
MC2.2e cultural expectations on drunken comportment
MC6e cultural patterns of AOD use
MC6.2e cultural patterns of drinking
MC10 degree of integration of AOD use in daily life
MC12.2e solitary AOD use
MD4.2.2 social construction
ME10.4.2.6 deterrence
MF2.4.2 citizen's role
MG2.2.2.4.2 peer group activities
MG4e profession
MH4.2.4e anti-prohibition movement
MI6e cultural sensitivity
MI18.8.2.2 stigma
MI20.10 extermination of dominated group
MJ18 change involving two cultures
MJ20 theory of change in a group
MK2e social indicators
MK4 well-functioning society
MK6e societal dysfunction
MK8.2 social cohesiveness
MK10.2 moral degeneration
MK12 social costs and benefits
MM2.2e AODR crime
MM2.2.2 crime associated with AOD production and distribution
MM10e victimization
MM16.2.2e AODR violence
MM20.6.4e illegal alcohol sales
MM20.8.2 illegal tobacco sales
MM22.4.2 sex for drugs
MM26.2 physical and emotional abuse
MM26.2.2 physical abuse
MM26.2.4 emotional abuse
MM26.6.4.6 child emotional abuse
MM26.6.6 elder abuse
MN2.8 model law
MN12.12e legal consent
MN12.12.4e implied consent
MN16.2.2e graduated driver licensing system
MN16.4.6e license reinstatement
MN20.2.2e laws regulating the strength of AOD products
MN20.4.2 minimum AOD use or purchase laws
MN20.4.6 zero tolerance laws
MN20.6 AOD testing laws
MN22.2.4.2 involuntary outpatient commitment
MN22.2.4.4 involuntary inpatient commitment
MN26e housing law
MN30e public order law
MN30.2e nuisance abatement laws
MN30.4e anti-loitering laws
MN32.2.2.4.2e legal BAC limit
MN32.2.2.10e implied consent laws
MN34 weapon laws
MN34.2 gun control laws
MN34.4 weapon carrying laws
MN36.2 goal of punishment
MN36.6.10 restriction of freedom (penalty)
MN36.6.10.2 probation or parole
MN36.6.10.2.4e parole
MN36.6.10.4 work release
MN36.6.10.6 supervision of offenders
MN36.6.10.6.2e electronic monitoring of offenders
MN36.6.10.8 house arrest
MO2e legal compliance
MO4.8.6.2e drug court
MO4.12.2.4e shock incarceration program
MO6.6.18.4.2e double jeopardy
MP4.4 social Darwinism
MP4.10 political progressive
MP14.6 political corruption
MP16e impact of policy or law
MP18.2.8.2e prohibition (AOD public policy)
MP18.2.8.14 anti drug decriminalization policy
MQ4 organizational policy
MQ8.4.6 financial sustainability
MQ8.14 accountability
MQ10.2 business practices
MQ12.12.2 funding allocation
MQ12.12.4.6 industry funding
MR2.8.4.4e Internet retailing
MR4.2.4.2 AOD warning label
MR6.14.2 warnings in product advertisement
MR6.16.16e positive advertising
MR6.16.18e negative advertising
MR6.20.8 public poster or sign
MR6.20.8.2.2e AOD public warning signs
MS8.2e AOD industry structure
MT2e economic aspects of AOD and AOD use
MT2.2e AOD supply
MT2.4e AOD demand
MT2.4.2e factors determining AOD demand
MT2.6 AOD distribution system
MT2.8.8e concurrent AOD sales
MT2.10.4 physical AOD accessibility
MT2.10.4.2.2 location of AOD outlets
MT2.10.4.2.4 density of AOD outlets
MT2.14e social and economic costs and benefits of AOD
MT2.14.4e social and economic benefit of AOD
MT2.16 AODR effects on labor market behavior and productivity
MT8.6.4 need for goods or services
MT8.6.6.2.8 price elasticity of demand
MT8.6.6.2.10 income elasticity of demand
MT8.6.6.6 goods or services by income elasticity of demand
MT8.6.8.2e distribution of consumption
MT8.6.10e product substitution
MT8.6.12 complementary product or service
MT8.8.4.2e retail distribution
MT10 costs, risks, and benefits
MT10.4 risk
MT10.4.2e relative risk
MT10.4.2.4e attributable risk
MT10.4.4e risk analysis
MT10.4.6e risk-benefit analysis
MT10.6 benefits
MT24 financial incentives or penalties
MU14.2 career, career path
MU14.4 problems at work
MU14.6 change to new job
MU14.10 change in working conditions
MV2e access to human services
MV4 case load
MV8.4e disability payment
MV10.2 community resource center
MV14.6 adopt-a-family program
MX10.10 sin
MX14.4.2 transcendental meditation
MX16.4 religious organization
MY2.2 freedom
MY2.6.4.2 vice
NA6.2e accuracy of AOD information in the media
NA6.6 portrayal of violence in the media
NA8.2 rhetoric
NA8.4.2 audience-messenger matching
NA14.2 media analysis
NA14.4 nontraditional media
ND4 reporting and disclosure
ND4.2 reporting
ND4.2.2e mandatory reporting
ND4.4 disclosure
ND10.12e geographic information systems
ND10.12.2e geocoding
NF2.6.2.4 after school program
NF12.4e media literacy
NF16.4e driver education
NF20.2e affective education
NF20.6e normative education
NF24.2.2e school AOD policy
NF24.12e support services for students
NG4 elementary and secondary education level
NJ6.2 online computer technology
NJ6.6.6 programming language
NM4 educational document
NM28 overview
NM36.2 conference paper
NM38 collected volume
NM42 thesis
NU document or presentation by intended audience
NU2 document or presentation by age group
OG16 meat and dairy products
OH2 AOD substance used for technical purposes
OL2 traffic rules
OL2.2e speed limit
ON2.2.2 automobile
ON2.2.4e motorcycle
OP2 traffic station
OR2 AODR safety problems
OR4.2.2 safety device
OR6.2 unsafe environment
OR8.12.2.6 vehicle pedestrian accident
PB10e epidemiological indicators
PB12 perspectives in epidemiology
PB12.2 classical epidemiology
PB12.4 social epidemiology
PB12.6 community epidemiology
PB12.6.2 psychiatric epidemiology
PT6.2 land use
PV2.4.2 large urban area
PV2.4.4 small urban area
PZ2.4.4 indoor pollution
RA8 interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research
RA8.2 interdisciplinary research
RA8.4 multidisciplinary research
RA14.4 generalizability of research results
RA14.6 policy implications of research
RA18e research quality
RA18.6e hierarchy of evidence
RA20e research ethics
RA20.2 human subject protection
RD2.2.2e individual-level statistical data
RD2.2.4e aggregate-level statistical data
RD2.4.2.2e randomized controlled trial
RD2.4.2.2.2 confirmatory trial
RD2.4.2.2.4 replication trial
RD2.4.2.4e controlled trial without randomization
RD2.4.2.6e large-scale field trial
RD2.4.2.8e prevention trial
RD2.6 quasi-experimental study
RD2.6.2e case-control study
RD2.8e qualitative study
RD2.10.2.2 general population survey
RG2.4.6e cohort study
RJ8.2.2 family, adoption, or twin study
RK2.4 assignment of study subjects to conditions
RK2.6.2 assignment of subjects to study conditions
RK2.6.4.4 control group
RK2.10 follow-up design
RK2.10.2 length of follow-up
RK10e ecological fallacy
RL8 multistage sampling design
RL10e sample selection problems
RL10.2 recruiting and enrolling subjects
RL10.6 sample attrition
RM2 integration of multiple types of measures
RM2.2 multitrait-multimethod approach
RM6.4.4 Likert scale
RM8 objective vs subjective variables
RM8.2e objective variables
RM8.4e subjective variables
RM10 individual vs group variable
RM10.2 individual-level variable
RM10.4 group-level variable
RM16 latent variable
RM22.4 missing data problem
RM22.6 reliability and validity (res. methods)
RM22.8e specificity and sensitivity of measurement
RM24 statistical effects and errors
RM24.6e statistical power
RP2e study subject history
RP2.2e study subject AODU history
RP14.4 specific data source
RP14.4.2 emergency room reports
RP14.4.4 hospital discharge data
RQ4.2.2e synthetic estimation
RQ6.2 statistical tests
RQ8.4.10e bivariate and multivariate analysis of variance
RQ8.4.10.4e multiple analysis of variance
RQ8.4.10.6e analysis of covariance
RQ8.4.14.10e multidimensional scaling
RQ8.4.14.12e causal path analysis
RQ8.4.14.14e multilevel analysis
RQ8.4.14.14.2 hierarchical linear modeling
RQ8.4.14.16e multicomponent analysis
RQ8.4.14.18e mediation analysis
RQ8.4.16 covariation of variables
RQ12 method for handling incomplete data
RQ14.4.2e latent-variable models of change
RQ14.4.4e time series analysis
RQ16e geographic analysis
RQ16.2e spatial data analysis
RQ16.2.2e spatial autocorrelation
RQ16.2.2.2e spatial cluster analysis
RS2.2 conceptual model
RS2.4e statistical modeling
RS2.4.2 survival modeling
RS2.8.2 structural equation model
SE2.6.2 clinical genetics (field)
SE6.6e neuropharmacology (field)
SF4.2e developmental psychobiology (field)
SG6.4.18.2e neuroendocrinology (field)
SG6.14.6 forensic psychiatry (field)
SG8.4 teratology and dysmorphology (field)
SG12.10e obstetrics and gynecology (field)
SG12.10.2 obstetrics (field)
SN8 information technology (field)
SO16.2.2 waiting/waitressing (field)
SO16.4 bartending (field)
TF4.2.2e lesbian
TF4.2.4e gay male
TH8.8e Australoid and Oceanic peoples
TH8.8.2 Australoid
TH10.4 indigenous group
TH10.4.2.2.4 Eskimo and Aleut people
TH10.6.2.2 Irish American
TH10.6.2.4 German American
TH10.6.4.4 Afro-Caribbean
TH12.8 status by knowledge of dominant language
TH12.8.2 native speaker
TH12.8.4 dominant language as second language
TH12.8.6 no knowledge of dominant language
TL6.2e physically AOD-exposed
TL6.4e exposed to AOD activity
TL10 injured person
TL10.2 injured driver
TL10.4 injured passenger
TN2 student by educational level
TN2.4 elementary secondary student
TN2.6 undergraduate or graduate student
TN4 student by academic performance
TN4.2 student failing academically
TT2.12.4e general practitioner
TT4e mental health worker
TT6e prevention worker
TT10e community leader
TT10.2 community worker
TT18.8 personnel manager
TT20 policy maker
TT34 agricultural worker
TT34.2e migrant worker
TV2.6 not in the labor force
TV6.2.6e AOD offender
TW6 status by work relationship
TW12e caregiver
VA2 international aspects
VA2.2 global aspects
VH10 Transcaucasia
VH12.24.2 Crete
VL8.8e Equatorial Guinea
VM Arctic and Antarctica
VV10.12 Dravidian language
VZ4.6.2e liberal Protestant
VZ4.6.4e conservative Protestant
VZ4.6.4.6 fundamentalist Protestant
VZ4.6.4.30 other conservative Protestant
VZ6 Druze
WA4.4.10e hepatitis E virus
WA4.4.12e hepatitis G virus
WB6.2.2.2.2e herpesvirus 1, human
WB6.2.2.4e varicellovirus
WB6.6.2.2.2e Lymphocryptovirus
WC6.6e Rubivirus
WC6.6.2 rubella virus
WC14.2.2 rabies virus
WE4.2.2e Helicobacter pylori
WE22.4.2e Klebsiella pneumoniae
WE22.4.4e Klebsiella oxytoca
WJ8.10.6e Saccharomyces
WL4.6.2e animal selectively bred for AOD preference
WM10.6.2.4.4.2e Drosophila melanogaster
WP4.2.4 Pipidae
WP4.2.4.2e Xenopus
WU6.8.2.4.2.2 AOD preferring rat
WU6.8.2.4.2.4 non AOD preferring rat
WU6.8.2.6.2.2.2 AOD preferring mice
WU6.8.2.6.2.2.4 non AOD preferring mice
WZ4.6e neural cell line
XA8.6e acinar cell
XA8.8e stem cell
XB4.2.8e connective tissue cell
XB4.2.16.2e bone cell
XE2 embryo or fetus
XE2.2.2e neural tube
XH2.2 skin cell
XM2.2.4.2e stomach cell
XM2.4.2e intestinal cell
XM6.2.10e hepatic stellate cell
XQ2e gonad
XT4.2.2e natural killer cell
XT4.2.6.2e thymocyte
XT4.2.8.2e killer T cell
XU4.14.4e paraventricular nucleus
XX2.2.4.12 neuron by chemical response
XX2.2.4.12.2e GABAergic neuron
XX2.2.4.12.4e dopaminergic neuron
XX2.2.4.14e neural crest cell
XX2.4.4.2e radial glia
XZ8.4.2.4e septal area (brain)
XZ8.4.4.2.2.2 left brain
XZ8.4.4.2.2.4 right brain
XZ8.4.4.2.4 cerebral subcortex
XZ8.4.4.2.6.2 neocortex
XZ8.4.4.2.6.4e frontal cortex
XZ8.6 dopaminergic fiber systems in the brain
XZ8.6.2e mesolimbic system
XZ8.6.4e nigrostriatal system
XZ8.8e brain pathway
XZ8.8.2e brain reward pathway
XZ8.8.4 acetylcholine pathway
YC4.6.2e cholesteryl ester transfer protein
YC10.4e adenylyl cyclase
YC14.2.6.6e 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
YC14.14e monooxygenases
YC14.24.4e glutathione peroxidase
YC16.22e transketolase
YD2e microsomal enzymes
YD6.6.2e liver cytochrome enzymes
YD6.6.2.2e cytochrome P450 2C11
YD6.6.2.4e cytochrome P450 2E1
YD8.6e cyclooxygenase inhibitors
YE4.6e tumor antigens
YE8 complement (serum protein)
YE10.8.6.2e interleukin-1
YE10.8.6.4e interleukin-6
YE10.8.6.6e interleukin-8
YG2e releasing hormones
YH2.4.6.8e angiotensin receptor antagonist
YH2.4.6.8.2e losartan
YH2.4.32.8e terlipressin
YH4.6.4.6.2e pregnenolone sulfate
YJ neuroactive substances
YJ2.2e excitatory neurotransmitters
YJ2.4e monoamine neurotransmitters
YJ4e neurosteroids
YJ4.2e neurosteroid GABA agonists
YJ4.2.2e allopregnanolone
YJ4.4e neurosteroid GABA A antagonists
YJ4.4.2e 3-alpha-5-alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
YJ6e neurohormones
YJ10e neuroprotective factors
YK4.2e purigenic receptors
YK6.4.4.2e nicotinic acetylcholinic receptor
YK6.8.2e GABA A receptor
YK8.2e delta-opioid receptors
YK8.4e kappa-opioid receptors
YK8.6e mu-opioid receptors
YL6.2e non-competitive antagonists
YM2e biochemical messengers
YM2.4e intracellular messengers
YM10e cell adhesion molecules
YM10.2e neural cell adhesion molecules
YM10.2.2e N-CAM
YM10.2.4e L1 molecule
YM12e transmembrane conductance regulators
YM16.8.2e basic fibroblast growth factor
YX4.2.2.2e dimethylnitrosamine
YZ8e dietary fiber
XZ2.6.2.2.2e amygdala
ZF2.2.4e ethanol and ethanol derivatives
ZF2.2.4.2e ifenprodil
ZF2.12.4.2.8e inositol triphosphate
ZF2.12.4.2.8.2 inositol 1,3,4 triphosphate
ZF2.12.4.2.8.4 inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakiphosphate
ZF4.4e propofol
ZF4.6e resveratrol
ZF4.8e polyphenols
ZF8.6e aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
ZF8.6.2e naphthalenes
ZF8.6.2.2e 1-naphthtlamine
ZG8.2.6.4e digitalis glycosides
ZG8.2.6.4.2e digitonin
ZH8.2.2e hyaluronic acid
ZJ2.10.10.6.4e phenylacetates
ZJ2.10.10.6.4.2e dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
ZK2.4.2.2.4e phosphatidylethanol
ZK2.4.4e liposomes
ZK4.2e fatty acid ethyl esters
ZN2.10.2.2e norfenfluramine
ZN2.16.2.12.4.4e ephedrine
ZN2.18.2.2.2.2e methylhistamine
ZN2.18.2.2.2.2.2e R alpha methylhistamine
ZO2.2.2e nonpolar amino acids
ZO2.2.2.12.2 fenclonine
ZO2.2.4 polar amino acids
ZO2.2.4.4.2e cycloserine
ZO2.2.6e acidic amino acids
ZO2.2.8e basic amino acids
ZO4.24.8.2e insulin like growth factor
ZO6.2 proteins by organism origin
ZO6.4 proteins by body part
ZO6.4.4.2 cytoskeletal proteins
ZO6.4.4.2.2e glial fibrillary acidic protein
ZO6.4.4.2.4.2 cytokeratin
ZO6.4.8.4e beta fetoproteins
ZO6.6 proteins by function
ZO6.6.12.2.2e stimulatory G-protein
ZO6.6.12.2.4e inhibitory G-protein
ZO6.6.12.2.6e G q/11 alpha
ZO6.6.14.8e G-protein-coupled receptors
ZO6.6.16e structural proteins
ZO6.6.18e contractile proteins
ZO6.6.18.2e actomyosin
ZO6.6.18.4e actins
ZO6.6.18.6e myosin
ZO6.6.20e transport proteins
ZO6.6.20.2e myoglobin
ZO6.6.22e storage proteins
ZO6.6.24 protective proteins in vertebrate blood
ZO6.6.26e regulatory proteins
ZO6.6.28e toxic proteins
ZO6.8 proteins by chemical structure
ZO6.8.2e ferritin
ZO6.8.4e heat shock protein
ZO6.8.12.8e laminin
ZO6.8.12.16.2e tumor necrosis factor-alpha
ZS6.4.2.4e adenosine receptor antagonist
ZS8.18.2e ATP receptor
ZT4.16.2 isoxazoles
ZT4.16.2.2 alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid
ZT4.18.2e amperozide
ZT4.20.2e paroxetine
ZT4.26.2.6.4e isradipine
ZT4.28.6.2e risperidone
ZT6.8.2.2.2e isoflavonoids
ZT6.8.2.2.2.2e daidzin
ZT6.8.2.2.2.4e puerarin
ZT6.10.2e hydroxytryptophol
ZT6.10.2.2e 5-hydroxytryptophol
ZT6.10.12.2e N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
ZT6.24e quinolones
ZT6.24.2e ciprofloxacin
ZT8.4.2.2e clozapine
ZT8.4.2.4e clomipramine
ZT8.6e dibenzoxazepines
ZT8.6.2e loxapine
ZT8.6.2.2e amoxapine
ZU6.2e mecamylamine
ZV2 steroids by structure
ZV4.4.2.2e dehydroepiandrosterone
ZV6.2e mifepristone
ZV20 steroids by origin
ZV24e endogenous steroids
Descriptors have been changed to update a term to a more accepted or user-friendly form (i.e., from neoplastic disease to cancer) or to more accurately reflect their specific meaning (for example, AJ6.16.2 social learning theory of AODU, formerly "social learning theory," to help differentiate it from social learning theory in other fields. The history note (HN) for changed terms includes the message
Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "former term here."
Check the new hierarchy to find the most appropriate new descriptor for indexing or searching.
@@@@
Deleted Descriptors
Second Edition Descriptors Deleted from the Third Edition
Descriptors for concepts that are now considered outmoded were deleted (such as some intervention concepts, e.g., institution based intervention and primary prevention of AODU). Also deleted were some headings in hierarchies that were restructured. Most of the terms deleted as descriptors are still included in the Alphabetical Index and the Annotated Alphabetical List with instructions as to the descriptor(s) to be used. In any event, no important concepts were removed from the Thesaurus. Whenever a deleted descriptor represents an important concept, a more appropriate descriptor was introduced to replace it. The hierarchy serves as a guide for identifying the descriptor(s) most appropriate for indexing and searching.
AD14.4 AOD use pattern by amount
AD14.4.10 alcohol use pattern by amount
AE4.12 loss of tolerance
CM16.4 fluoridation
FL6.6 phenomena related to both classical and operant conditioning
GH16.10.20e infectious hepatitis
GN4.4.6.8 fibrillation
GZ6.2.6 other chronic organic psychotic conditions
HZ8.2.4 electrical aversion therapy
HZ16 spiritual or religious therapy
JA general prevention, intervention, and treatment concepts
JC6.2.2e primary prevention of AODU
JC6.2.4e secondary prevention of AODU
JC6.4 tertiary prevention of AODU
JF12.8.2 role modeling
JH4 preventive medicine
JI2 intervention strategy or program
JI2.2 intervention strategy
JI2.4 intervention program
JJ intervention sponsor or setting
JJ4e community based intervention
JJ6e institution based intervention
JJ6.2 prison based intervention
JJ6.4 workplace based intervention
JJ8 intervention in a social context
JM8.6.4 commitment (institutionalization)
JQ10 care by duration
LC2.14.4 physician-patient relations
LC2.14.6 psychiatrist-patient relations
LC2.14.8 psychologist-patient relations
LK2.28 change in school
LK6.2 business readjustment
LN24.6 cultural event
LV2.4.2.2 detachment
MI14.4 extermination
MM22.8 illegal gambling
MO2.12.4.4 probation program
MO2.12.4.6 electronic monitoring in lieu of prison
MO2.12.4.8 work release program
MO2.12.4.10 parole program
MP16.8.2.2 community zoning
MP16.8.2.4 school zoning
MP16.8.2.6 special zoning
MQ12.12.20 fundraising benefit
MT6.8.2.4.2 capital, labor, land
MT6.8.4.2.2.8 concurrent sales
MT12.4.4 poverty level
NL2.16 children's literature
NL2.16.6 reading books
OE18 meat, poultry, eggs
PZ2.4.2.2 smoke
SO16.2.2 waiting/waitressing
SO16.4 bartending
VM Arctica and Antarctica
VV10.12 Dravadian language
VY4 machine language
VY4.2 FORTRAN
VY4.4 Algol
WB6.2.2.2 human alphaherpesvirus
WU6.8.2.6.2.6 C57BL/6 mice
WX4.10.2 extinct hominid
YE8 complement
ZO6.18.8e G-protein coupled receptors
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Hierarchy Overviews
Broad Outline of the AOD Thesaurus
A/B Concepts focusing on Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD)
A AOD use, abuse, and dependence
B AOD substance or product
C/F Concepts in natural science, biomedicine, and psychology
C Natural science
E Concepts in biomedical areas
F Concepts in psychology and thought
G/J Medicine and prevention
G Health and disease (physical or mental)
HA/H Screening and diagnostic method
HJ/Z Treatment method
J Prevention, treatment, and maintenance. Health care
L/O Concepts in psychosocial and sociocultural areas and technology
L Social psychology and related concepts
M Social sciences, economics, and law
MW Religion, the humanities, and the arts
N Communication, information, and education
OA/R Technology. Safety and accidents
OZ Sports
P/T Concepts applicable across disciplines
PA/D Demography and epidemiology
PM/Z History, geography, and the environment
R Research methods and research organization
S Field, discipline, or occupation
T Demographic characteristics
V/Z Lists of named entities
VA/Q Geographic area
VR/Y Language
VZ Religious denomination
W Living organisms
X Body part
Y/Z Chemical substances (Y by function, Z by chemical structure)
The concepts in the Thesaurus are arranged in a meaningful and helpful order, using the traditional order of scientific and scholarly disciplines as a guide. The structure also takes account of the increasing overlap between traditional disciplines and the development of cross-disciplinary research focusing on an object or phenomenon. For example, neuroscience deals with biological and psychological aspects of the nervous system and memory as well as computer systems exhibiting similar properties; prevention draws on many natural science and social science disciplines. Thus some descriptors under biomedical areas (E) are also applicable to subject matter in psychology (F) and vice versa. prevention (JB/Q) contains the core concepts of the prevention field; these are complemented by concepts found in their appropriate places in other sections of the hierarchy, such as causes of AOD use (AK), life circumstances (LH), or communication, information, and education (N). Cross-references capture the complex web of real-world relationships.
The hierarchy starts with two areas in the focus of the AOD field: AOD use, abuse, and dependence (A) gives a general framework for the study of addiction; AOD substance or product (B) brings together for easy reference the prevalent AOD substances in their various forms.
The central part of the hierarchy (C/T) follows the evolution from matter to individual life to society and the works of humankind, beginning with concepts in natural science, biomedicine, and psychology (C/F): natural science (C), concepts in biomedical areas (E), and concepts in psychology and thought (F).
Concepts in biomedical areas (E) contains general life processes (EA), including metabolism (EB); pharmacology and toxicology (ED, which with metabolism covers biochemistry); route of administration (EE); cell function (EF) and body system or organ function (EG); and genetics and heredity (EW).
Concepts in psychology and thought (F) is divided into psychology (FA) and general concepts related to thought processes (FV). Thought processes are studied in psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and thinking about research methods, which all intersect in the emerging discipline of cognitive science.
Sections E and F deal with the normal biological and psychological functioning of a living organism. The next segment, medicine and prevention (G/J) deals with malfunction, its prevention and treatment. It includes health and disease (physical or mental, G); screening and diagnostic method (HA/H) and treatment method (HK/X); and the application of these methods in prevention, treatment, and maintenance. health care (J). J includes a section each on general prevention, treatment, and maintenance concepts (JA), prevention (JB), and treatment and patient care (JL); and two sections applicable to all of these, health care area (JQ) and health care delivery and administration (JS). Tacked on is counseling (JZ), another interdisciplinary area without a good home.
Sections E through F focus on the individual: biological life, psychological processes, and disease and its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The next segment, concepts in psychosocial and sociocultural areas and technology (L/O) deals with social relations and the works of humans. Its major sections are social psychology and related concepts (L) social sciences, economics, and law (M/MV), religion, humanities, and the arts (MW/MZ); communication, information, and education (N); technology. safety and accidents (OA/T); and sports (OZ).
Social psychology (L) is a bridge between individual existence and social existence as set forth in sociology and anthropology (MA/N) and the section following it. The main subdivisions of social psychology and related concepts are social psychology (including culture and personality (LB); interpersonal relations and group dynamics(LC); and intimacy and family (LE)); life circumstances, life events (LH), context (of AOD use, LM); and the more abstract sections type of relationship and interaction (LU), participation (in activities, programs, or groups, LW), and availability, accessibility, and use (for example, of services, LZ).
Social sciences, economics, and law (M/MV deals with society at large. Sociology and anthropology (MA/L); crime and violence (MM), law (MN), and law enforcement (MO); government and politics (MP); administration and management (MQ) and marketing and public relations (MR); business and industry; (MS); economics (MT), labor and work (MU) and human services (MV, also includes by reference health care delivery and administration).
Religion, the humanities, and the arts (MW) takes us from the realm of the social/organizational constructs of human life to the realm of spirituality and mental constructs, which have affinity to both the preceding and the following sections (as well as to culture and personality, LB).
Communication, information, and education (N) includes concepts concerned with information transfer of some kind. information technology (NJ) and document or presentation by content and format (NK) are needed in conjunction with all three subdivisions.
Technology. safety and accidents (OA/T) goes from the realm of the social/organizational and mental constructs of human life to the physical artifacts of human life. It includes a number of products and production processes, as well as transportation in technology, manufacturing, and agriculture (OA/P), and then deals with safety and accidents (OR). Sports (OZ) is tacked on. With technology, the conceptual path of sections C through O returns to the beginning, to material things, closing a circle in which natural science and technology are extensions of each other.
The next segment, concepts applicable across disciplines, groups areas that share subject matter with many other disciplines or contain general concepts that are used in many disciplines. demography and epidemiology deal primarily with human phenomena and their causes in time and space. history, geography, and the environment likewise deal with temporal and spatial dimensions that can be applied to any part of the physical world or human affairs. Research method and research organization (R) addresses the way in which phenomena in any domain are investigated.
The descriptors from Field, discipline, or occupation (S) can be combined with status by occupation (TT) to characterize a person or group, or with business and industry (MS) to indicate a given industry, or with research organization and management (RB).
The descriptors from demographic characteristics (T) are used in combination with concepts from sections E to R, especially with prevention, intervention and treatment (J) to specify the target group, with communication, information, and education (N) to specify the audience, and with study subject (RJ).
The last segment of the hierarchy gives lists of named entities (V/Z) that each have their own taxonomic structure and are to some degree independent from the rest of the hierarchy. The lists included are: geographic area (VA/Q) and language (VR/Y) (race and ethnic origin (TH) is found in section T); living organisms (W), which gives a classification of organisms -- from virus to man -- that are studied in substance abuse research or are agents of disease; body part (X); and chemical substances (Y/Z). Chemical substances by function (Y) includes such subdivisions as enzymes (YC), neurotransmitters (YJ), therapeutic agents (YN) including anti-AOD-abuse agents (YP), and CNS agents (YW). Chemical substances by structure (Z) is arranged according to the intrinsic nature of the substances, independent from their use. Chemical substances have their main "home" in section Z and are cross-referenced under the appropriate function heading(s) in section Y.