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1. Vietnam's Half-Hearted Welcome Home (EJ794132)
Author(s):
Overland, Martha Ann
Source:
Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n33 pA1 Apr 2008
Pub Date:
2008-04-25
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Peer-Reviewed:
No
Descriptors: Higher Education; Foreign Countries; Study Abroad; Employment Opportunities; Salaries; Brain Drain; College Faculty; Low Income; Underemployment
Abstract: Twenty years ago, Vietnam's closed-door policy meant its students were restricted to the former Soviet-bloc countries. Today they study all over the world--about 6,000 are in the United States alone. In many cases, their tuition and living expenses are paid by foreign governments and private charitable organizations. Fulbright, the Ford Foundation, and others are all trying to raise the level of scholarship in Vietnam. Yet upon their return, many academics are asking what they are coming back to. Those who come home after their studies--and nearly all do--are frustrated that what they learned is either of little interest to their departments or considered possibly dangerous by their universities. Suspicious administrators have even used closed-circuit television to monitor the lectures of newly returned professors. Academics also say they simply can't live on what the average professor earns--about $100 per month--and have to take second and third jobs. Many complain that their skills are being wasted. One master's degree holder was assigned by her university to operate the copy machine and make tea. Though all the returning academics interviewed for this article said they had come back to teach, which holds great honor in Vietnamese society, all had left the university or said they would leave if they could. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Are All Part-Time Faculty Underemployed? The Influence of Faculty Status Preference on Satisfaction and Commitment (EJ785316)
Maynard, Douglas C.; Joseph, Todd Allen
Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, v55 n2 p139-154 Feb 2008
2008-02-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Yes
Descriptors: College Faculty; Part Time Faculty; Personality Theories; Job Satisfaction; Underemployment; Work Attitudes
Abstract: Utilizing a person-job fit perspective, we examined the job satisfaction and affective commitment of three groups of college faculty (N = 167): full-time faculty, part-time faculty preferring a part-time position (voluntary part-time), and part-time faculty preferring a full-time position (involuntary part-time). Involuntary part-time faculty were least satisfied with salient facets of satisfaction (advancement, compensation, and job security), whereas voluntary part-time faculty and full-time faculty reported similar levels of satisfaction on these facets. No consistent differences in satisfaction by faculty status were found for the majority of the other, less salient facets. The three groups of faculty also reported similar levels of perceived overqualification and affective commitment to the organization. Future directions for research and practice are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. The Changing Work Lives of Academics: The Experience of a Regional University in the Chinese Mainland (EJ765991)
Lai, Manhong; Lo, Leslie N. K.
Higher Education Policy, v20 n2 p145-167 Jun 2007
2007-06-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; Global Approach; Competition; Educational Change; School Expansion; Higher Education; Underemployment; College Graduates; Educational Quality; College Faculty; Work Environment; Teacher Role; Social Networks; Professional Recognition
Abstract: In an attempt to raise China's international competitiveness, the government instituted a series of sweeping reforms to expand rapidly the number of higher education places. Rapid growth, however, gave rise to a new set of problems, namely, a scarcity of resources, poor educational quality and underemployment of Chinese university graduates. In order to tackle the problems caused by rapid expansion in higher education, a number of measures were introduced, all influencing the work of academics. Based on the observations of our study, we can see a clear trend of deprofessionalization due to increasing state supervision. Because of the widespread scarcity of resources, academics found themselves taking on the additional role of academic capitalist, in order to increase their incomes and accumulate academic capital. However, in the specific context of China, "guanxi" still served as a significant factor for academics in retaining their academic status. New measures should be introduced in order to alleviate the great impact of "guanxi". Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Mexican American Fathers' Occupational Conditions: Links to Family Members' Psychological Adjustment (EJ744592)
Crouter, Ann C.; Davis, Kelly D.; Updegraff, Kimberly; Delgado, Melissa; Fortner, Melissa
Journal of Marriage and Family, v68 n4 p843-858 Nov 2006
2006-11-00
Descriptors: Mexican Americans; Fathers; Work Environment; Working Hours; Racial Discrimination; Underemployment; Interviews; Acculturation; Depression (Psychology); Adjustment (to Environment); Family (Sociological Unit); Quality of Working Life
Abstract: To examine the implications of fathers' occupational conditions (i.e., income, work hours, shift work, pressure, workplace racism, and underemployment) for family members' psychological adjustment, home interviews were conducted with fathers, mothers, and two adolescent offspring in each of 218 Mexican American families. Results underscored the importance of acculturation as a moderator. Fathers' income was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in highly acculturated families but not in less acculturated families. In contrast, fathers' reports of workplace racism were positively associated with depressive symptoms in less acculturated families but not in more acculturated family contexts. These findings were consistent across all 4 family members, suggesting that the "long arm" of the jobs held by Mexican American fathers extends to mothers and adolescent offspring. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Analysis of Application of 1:3 Ratio in Employments of Academic and Non-Academic Staff in Nigerian Universities (EJ765811)
Aghaji Ifedili, Chika Josephine
Education, v127 n1 p129-138 Fall 2006
2006-00-00
Descriptors: Underemployment; State Universities; Private Colleges; Sampling; Federal Government; College Faculty; Foreign Countries; Interviews; Questionnaires; Hypothesis Testing
Abstract: The study examined the application of 1:3 in employments of academic and non-academic staff in Nigerian Universities, as recommended by the National Universities Commission (N.U.C.), following the general feeling that Nigerian Universities were highly bureaucratised; non-teaching staff was over employed while some universities lacked accreditation, because of inadequate employment of teaching staff. A stratified random sampling was used to select the 10 universities that participated in the study. The federal government owned four of the universities, three were state universities and three were private universities. The researcher wrote the instrument used in the collection of the data, titled Teaching/Non-Teaching Staff Inventory (TNTS). It was validated using expert opinion. The reliability was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation that was 0.70. The final Spearman Brown formula yielded 0.82 which showed that the instrument was reliable. A z-test and common percentiles were the statistics used. Major Results: (1) Nigerian Universities do not apply the 1:3 ratios in the employment of teaching and non-teaching staff; (2) Parkinson's Law operates in Federal and State Universities; and (3) The private universities were quite deficient in the employment of non-teaching staff thereby overworking the academic staff. Based on the above, it was recommended that a monitoring team should be set up to ensure the adherence of application of 1:3 ratio in the employment in the university. Also, the non-academic staff who had obtained post graduate degrees during the course of their employment should be transferred to academic cadre. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. The Impact of Business Size on Employer ADA Response (EJ758074)
Bruyere, Susanne M.; Erickson, William A.; VanLooy, Sara A.
Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, v49 n4 p194-206 Sum 2006
Descriptors: Accessibility (for Disabled); Compliance (Legal); Federal Legislation; Small Businesses; Disabilities; Underemployment; Unemployment; Rehabilitation Counseling; Surveys
Abstract: More than 10 years have passed since the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) came into effect for employers of 15 or more employees. Americans with disabilities continue to be more unemployed and underemployed than their nondisabled peers. Small businesses, with fewer than 500 employees, continue to be the most rapidly growing part of our national economy and therefore a potential source of employment for American job seekers with disabilities. A Cornell University survey of human resource professionals examined how employers of different sizes are complying with the ADA. The authors point to needed ADA and accommodation services that rehabilitation counselors can provide to employers. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
7. Linking Vocational Education and Training Research, Policy and Practice: A Personal View (EJ734241)
Psacharopoulos, George
European Journal: Vocational Training, n36 p69-73 Sep-Dec 2005
2005-00-00
Journal Articles; Opinion Papers
Descriptors: Vocational Education; Outcomes of Education; Foreign Countries; Labor Market; Economic Development; Underemployment; Private Sector; Cost Effectiveness; Educational Policy; Macroeconomics; Educational Research; Employment Projections; Educational Needs
Abstract: After the failures of manpower planning, research shows that investment in primary and general secondary education yields greater returns than investment in more costly vocational/higher education. To be more effective, investment in vocational education should be more influenced by the individual with greater private sector provision. Macroeconomic policy is the key to reducing unemployment and, it can be argued, the EU has adopted the policy of lifelong education without sufficient reference to research in the field. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Issues in the School-to-Work Transition of Hard of Hearing Adolescents (EJ747577)
Punch, R.; Hyde, M.; Creed, P. A.
American Annals of the Deaf, v149 n1 p28-38 2004
2004-00-00
Descriptors: Adolescents; Vocational Maturity; Career Development; Deafness; Labor Market; Employment; Itinerant Teachers; Academic Achievement; Education Work Relationship; Partial Hearing; Unemployment; Underemployment; Decision Making; Foreign Countries
Abstract: Career theorists emphasize the importance of the development of career maturity in adolescents if they are to successfully negotiate the school-to-work transition. Transitions of deaf and hard of hearing adolescents may be especially problematic. The authors examine the implications of current labor market trends for young people, in particular those with hearing loss, and review data on employment outcomes for deaf and hard of hearing people. They discuss the environmental and attitudinal barriers that can influence the career outcomes of this population, consider the impact of hearing loss on adolescents' career maturity, and review the studies on this topic in the literature. The article focuses on the experiences of students with significant hearing loss who are educated in regular classes with the support of itinerant teachers, who communicate orally, and who may be defined as hard of hearing. Recommendations for research and practice are provided. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. Graduate Employment and Underemployment: Opportunity for Skill Use and Career Experiences amongst Recent Business Graduates. (EJ677782)
Nabi, Ghulam R.
Education + Training, v45 n7 p371-82 2003
2003-00-00
N/A
Descriptors: College Graduates; Foreign Countries; Job Satisfaction; Job Skills; Life Satisfaction; Salaries; Underemployment
Abstract: In a survey of 203 business graduates, 75 were considered underemployed. The latter group reported significantly fewer opportunities to use their skills, lower intrinsic satisfaction, and less extrinsic career success. (Contains 27 references.) (SK)
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10. The Flexible Workforce: Implications for Lifelong Learning. (EJ669127)
Cruikshank, Jane
Australian Journal of Adult Learning, v43 n1 p8-22 Apr 2003
Descriptors: Adult Education; Education Work Relationship; Foreign Countries; Lifelong Learning; Organizational Change; Role of Education; Underemployment
Abstract: The globalized economy appears to promote economic insecurity and underemployment. Lifelong learning is increasingly focused on competitive advantage. Adult educators should encourage discussion and debate about the nature of these changes and advocate lifelong learning that benefits the whole person and broader community. (Contains 30 references.) (SK)
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