| Z | chemical substances by structure b-out d-out qh |
| SN | This section presents one of many possible linear arrangements of the chemical compound hierarchy. There are many hierarchical relationships not shown. The chemical hierarchy is so complex that it requires a chemical substructure search system. | |
| RT | BN other specific drug of abuse qh ah | |
| +EB8e biosynthesis qh ah | ||
| +OA technology, manufacturing, and agriculture qh ah | ||
| +RJ2 chemical substance as study subject qh ah | ||
| +YCe enzymes qh ah |
| ZAe | chemical elements d-out qh |
| ZA2 | elements by periodic group qh |
| ZA2.2e | . hydrogen qh |
| ZA2.2.2e | . . deuterium qh |
| ZA2.2.4e | . . tritium qh |
| ZA2.4e | . metals qh |
| RT | +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah |
| ZA2.4.2e | . . alkali metals qh |
| ZA2.4.2.2e | . . . lithium qh |
| BT | +YP4.6e alcohol withdrawal agents qh ah | |
| +YP4.8.12.6 agents for alcohol-concurrent depression qh ah | ||
| +YW4.10e tranquilizers qh ah |
| ZA2.4.2.4e | . . . sodium qh |
| ST | Na | |
| RT | +YM4e biological electrolytes qh ah |
| ZA2.4.2.6e | . . . potassium qh |
| RT | +YM4e biological electrolytes qh ah |
| ZA2.4.2.8e | . . . rubidium qh |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah |
| ZA2.4.2.10e | . . . cesium qh |
| ZA2.4.4e | . . alkaline earth metals qh |
| ZA2.4.4.2e | . . . beryllium qh |
| ZA2.4.4.4e | . . . magnesium qh |
| ST | Mg | |
| NT | +GR12.6e magnesium metabolism disorder qh ah | |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah | |
| RT | GT2.6.18 sideroblastic anemia qh ah | |
| +YM4e biological electrolytes qh ah |
| ZA2.4.4.6e | . . . calcium qh |
| ST | Ca | |
| NT | +EB28.2e calcium metabolism qh ah | |
| +GR12.10e calcium metabolism disorder qh ah | ||
| BT | +ZO6.4.10.6.4e blood coagulation factors qh ah | |
| RT | +EG16.2e mitochondrial transport qh ah | |
| +GH14.4.8e mineral deficiency qh ah | ||
| +YA4e mineral nutrients qh ah | ||
| YG26 parathyroid hormone qh ah | ||
| +YM2.2e second messengers qh ah | ||
| +YM4e biological electrolytes qh ah |
| ZA2.4.4.8e | . . . strontium qh |
| ZA2.4.4.10e | . . . barium qh |
| ZA2.4.4.12e | . . . radium qh |
| ZA2.6e | . zinc group elements qh |
| ZA2.6.2e | . . zinc qh |
| ST | Zn | |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah | |
| RT | YC14.38e superoxide dismutases qh ah |
| ZA2.6.4e | . . cadmium qh |
| ZA2.6.6e | . . mercury qh |
| ZA2.8e | . boron group elements qh |
| ZA2.8.2e | . . boron qh |
| ZA2.8.4e | . . aluminum qh |
| ZA2.8.6 | . . gallium qh |
| ZA2.8.8 | . . indium qh |
| ZA2.8.10e | . . thallium qh |
| ST | Th |
| ZA2.10e | . carbon group elements qh |
| ZA2.10.2e | . . carbon qh |
| ZA2.10.4e | . . silicon qh |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah |
| ZA2.10.6e | . . germanium qh |
| ZA2.10.8e | . . tin qh |
| ST | Sn |
| ZA2.10.10e | . . lead qh |
| ST | Pb | |
| RT | BX2.2.2e alcohol contaminant qh ah | |
| GT2.6.18 sideroblastic anemia qh ah |
| ZA2.12e | . nitrogen group elements qh |
| ZA2.12.2e | . . nitrogen qh |
| ZA2.12.4e | . . phosphorus qh |
| NT | EB28.4e phosphorus metabolism qh ah | |
| GR12.8 phosphorus metabolism disorder qh ah |
| ZA2.12.6e | . . arsenic qh |
| ZA2.12.8e | . . antimony qh |
| ZA2.12.10e | . . bismuth qh |
| ZA2.14e | . oxygen group elements qh |
| ZA2.14.2e | . . oxygen qh |
| NT | CK10.4e oxygen radicals qh ah |
| ZA2.14.4e | . . sulfur qh |
| ZA2.14.6e | . . selenium qh |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah |
| ZA2.14.8e | . . tellurium qh |
| ZA2.14.10e | . . polonium qh |
| ZA2.16e | . halogen elements qh |
| ZA2.16.2e | . . fluorine qh |
| ZA2.16.4e | . . chlorine qh |
| ST | Cl |
| ZA2.16.6e | . . bromine qh |
| ZA2.16.8e | . . iodine qh |
| ZA2.16.10e | . . astatine qh |
| ZA2.18e | . noble gases qh |
| ZA2.18.2e | . . helium qh |
| ZA2.18.4e | . . neon qh |
| ZA2.18.6e | . . argon qh |
| ZA2.18.8e | . . krypton qh |
| ZA2.18.10e | . . xenon qh |
| ZA2.18.12e | . . radon qh |
| ZA2.20e | . transition elements qh |
| ZA2.20.2 | . . first transition series qh |
| ZA2.20.2.6e | . . . chromium qh |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah |
| ZA2.20.2.8e | . . . manganese qh |
| ST | Mn | |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah | |
| RT | YC14.38e superoxide dismutases qh ah |
| ZA2.20.2.10e | . . . iron qh |
| ST | Fe | |
| NT | EB28.6e iron metabolism qh ah | |
| +GR12.2e iron metabolism disorder qh ah | ||
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah | |
| RT | GR12.2.4e hemochromatosis qh ah | |
| ZO6.8.2e ferritin qh ah |
| ZA2.20.2.12e | . . . cobalt qh |
| ST | Co | |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah | |
| RT | BX2.2.2e alcohol contaminant qh ah |
| ZA2.20.2.14e | . . . nickel qh |
| ZA2.20.2.16e | . . . copper qh |
| ST | Cu | |
| NT | +GR12.4 copper metabolism disorder qh ah | |
| BT | +YA4.2 trace elements qh ah | |
| RT | YC14.38e superoxide dismutases qh ah |
| ZA2.20.4 | . . second transition series qh |
| ZA2.20.4.16e | . . . silver qh |
| ZA2.20.6 | . . third transition series qh |
| ZA2.20.6.12e | . . . iridium qh |
| ZA2.20.6.14e | . . . platinum qh |
| ZA2.20.6.16e | . . . gold qh |
| ZA2.22 | . rare earth elements qh |
| ZA2.24e | . radioactive chemical elements qh |
| ZA2.24.2 | . . actinide elements qh |
| ZA2.24.2.2e | . . . thorium qh |
| ZA2.24.2.4e | . . . uranium qh |
| ZBe | chemical compounds d-out qh |
| NT | +ZCe inorganic compounds qh ah | |
| +ZDe organic compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZWe organometallic compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZXe coordination compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZYe polymers qh ah |
| ZB2 | compounds by chemical function qh |
| ZB2.2e | acids qh |
| NT | ZC2.4e hydrochloric acid qh ah | |
| ZC10.2.2e perchloric acid qh ah | ||
| ZC10.6.2e periodic acid qh ah | ||
| +ZC12.2e inorganic nitrogen acid qh ah | ||
| +ZC14.2e phosphoric acid qh ah | ||
| ZC14.4e phosphorous acid qh ah | ||
| +ZC18e inorganic sulfur compounds qh ah | ||
| RT | +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | |
| +YC16.2 acyltransferases qh ah |
| ZB2.4e | bases qh |
| ZB2.4.2 | . Bronsted base qh |
| SN | A substance that can combine with the ion H+. |
| ZB2.4.4 | . Lewis base qh |
| SN | A substance that can combine with other substances by donating the electrons that form the bond between them. |
| ZB2.6e | salts qh |
| SN | Use *ZC4.6 sodium chloride* qh ah for table salt or dietary salt. Salt as used here is a chemical class. |
| ZB2.8e | anhydrides qh |
| SN | A chemical compound arising by reaction of two acid groups with loss of water. | |
| RT | +ZC16.2e oxides qh ah |
| ZCe | inorganic compounds d-out qh |
| BT | +ZBe chemical compounds qh ah | |
| RT | +YA4e mineral nutrients qh ah |
| ZC2e | inorganic hydrogen compounds qh |
| ZC2.2e | . water qh |
| ZC2.4e | . hydrochloric acid qh |
| BT | +XM2.2.4.6e gastric juice qh ah | |
| +ZB2.2e acids qh ah | ||
| RT | XB2.8.8.2e gastric acid qh ah |
| ZC2.6e | . hydroxides qh |
| ST | alkalies | |
| caustic |
| ZC4e | inorganic sodium compounds qh |
| NT | ZC12.8.6.6e sodium nitrite qh ah |
| ZC4.2e | . sodium glutamate qh |
| BT | +YZ6e food additives qh ah |
| ZC4.4e | . sodium hydroxide qh |
| ZC4.6e | . sodium chloride qh |
| ST | dietary salt | |
| table salt | ||
| RT | +HS2.2 diet therapy qh ah | |
| ZB2.6e salts qh ah |
| ZC4.8e | . sodium hypochlorite qh |
| ZC4.10e | . sodium fluoride qh |
| ZC4.12e | . sodium iodide qh |
| ZC6e | inorganic potassium compounds qh |
| ZC6.2e | . potassium chloride qh |
| ST | dietary salt substitute |
| ZC6.4e | . potassium iodide qh |
| ZC8e | inorganic magnesium compounds qh |
| ZC8.2e | . permanganate qh |
| ZC10e | inorganic halogen compounds qh |
| ST | halides |
| ZC10.2e | . chlorine compounds qh |
| ZC10.2.2e | . . perchloric acid qh |
| BT | +ZB2.2e acids qh ah | |
| +ZC16.10e peroxide qh ah |
| ZC10.2.4e | . . chlorides qh |
| RT | +YM4e biological electrolytes qh ah |
| ZC10.2.4.2e | . . . chloride ion qh |
| ST | Cl |
| ZC10.2.6e | . . hypochlorite qh |
| ST | ClO |
| ZC10.4e | . inorganic fluorine compounds qh |
| ZC10.4.2e | . . fluoride qh |
| ZC10.6e | . iodine compounds qh |
| ZC10.6.2e | . . periodic acid qh |
| BT | +ZB2.2e acids qh ah |
| ZC10.6.4e | . . iodides qh |
| ZC12e | inorganic nitrogen compounds qh |
| ZC12.2e | . inorganic nitrogen acid qh |
| BT | +ZB2.2e acids qh ah |
| ZC12.2.2e | . . nitrous acid qh |
| ZC12.4e | . ammonia qh |
| RT | XB2.10.4e urine qh ah |
| ZC12.6e | . cyanide qh |
| RT | ZJ4.8.2e nitriles qh ah |
| ZC12.6.2e | . . cyanamide qh |
| ZC12.6.2.2e | . . . citrated calcium carbimide qh |
| ST | citrated calcium cyanamide | |
| BT | +YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah | |
| +YP4.8.8e alcohol deterrents qh ah |
| ZC12.6.4 | . . ferricyanide qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| ZC12.6.4.2e | . . . sodium nitroprusside qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | nitroprusside | |
| BT | +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah | |
| +YT8.8 antihypertensive agents qh ah |
| ZC12.8e | . nitrogen oxides qh |
| BT | +ZC16.2e oxides qh ah |
| ZC12.8.2e | . . nitrates qh |
| ZC12.8.2.2e | . . . silver nitrate qh |
| ZC12.8.4e | . . nitric oxide qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +YW8e CNS stimulants qh ah |
| ZC12.8.6e | . . nitrites qh |
| ZC12.8.6.2e | . . . amyl nitrite qh |
| SN | A quick-acting volatile inhalant that dilates certain small blood vessels (primarily brain and heart), lowers high blood pressure, and relaxes the smooth (involuntary) muscles of the body. Effects take place within 30 seconds and last only 2 to 3 minutes. Unlike other inhalants, amyl nitrite is a stimulant rather than a depressant and may be dangerous for people with low blood pressure, glaucoma, or anemia. Among illicit users, the drug is prized for its alleged sexual stimulation or prolongation of orgasm effects. It is usually sold in small glass vials. | |
| BT | +BGe volatile inhalant qh ah | |
| +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah | ||
| RT | ZC12.8.6.4e butyl nitrite qh ah | |
| ZF2.2.10e amyl alcohol qh ah |
| ZC12.8.6.4e | . . . butyl nitrite qh |
| SN | An inhalant drug that first appeared in 1969 after *ZC12.8.6.2 amyl nitrite* qh ah was made a prescription drug. Like amyl nitrite, inhalation of this drug produces a brief but intense lightheaded feeling by lowering blood pressure and relaxing the smooth (involuntary) muscles of the body. | |
| BT | +BGe volatile inhalant qh ah | |
| +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah |
| ZC12.8.6.6e | . . . sodium nitrite qh |
| BT | +YZ6.8 food preservatives qh ah | |
| +ZC4e inorganic sodium compounds qh ah |
| ZC12.8.8e | . . nitrogen dioxide qh |
| ZC12.8.10e | . . nitrous oxide qh |
| SN | A short-acting gaseous anesthetic that is sometimes used as an aerosol propellant and is inhaled for its intoxicating effects. A depressant without depressant effects on the spinal cord. When used therapeutically, the effects are those of anesthesia and analgesia. In recreational use, when it is in pure form for less than a minute, its effects are closer to those of the vaporous anesthetics ether and chloroform than other depressants, making the user giddy or exhilarated for about 5 minutes. Occasionally hallucinations occur. Excessive doses may cause nausea, vomiting, or unconsciousness, often because of lack of oxygen. Discovered in the 1770s by Joseph Priestley, but not used as an anesthetic until the middle of the 19th century, it was the first really effective modern anesthetic, followed by ether and chloroform. Also called laughing gas or nitrogen monoxide. | |
| BT | +BGe volatile inhalant qh ah | |
| +YP4.6e alcohol withdrawal agents qh ah | ||
| +YR4e anesthetics qh ah | ||
| +YW4.4e general anesthetics qh ah |
| ZC14e | inorganic phosphorus compounds qh |
| NT | EB28.4e phosphorus metabolism qh ah |
| ZC14.2e | . phosphoric acid qh |
| BT | +ZB2.2e acids qh ah |
| ZC14.2.2e | . . phosphates qh |
| ZC14.2.2.2e | . . . polyphosphates qh |
| ZC14.2.2.2.2e | . . . . pyrophosphate qh |
| BT | +EB4.2 high-energy compound qh ah |
| ZC14.4e | . phosphorous acid qh |
| BT | +ZB2.2e acids qh ah |
| ZC16e | inorganic oxygen compounds qh |
| ZC16.2e | . oxides qh |
| NT | +ZC12.8e nitrogen oxides qh ah | |
| +ZC18.6e sulfur oxide qh ah | ||
| RT | ZB2.8e anhydrides qh ah |
| ZC16.4e | . carbon dioxide qh |
| ST | CO2 | |
| RT | ET2.2.6 blood waste transport qh ah | |
| XB2.10.2e exhaled air qh ah |
| ZC16.6e | . carbon monoxide qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| ZC16.8e | . dioxide qh |
| ZC16.10e | . peroxide qh |
| NT | ZC10.2.2e perchloric acid qh ah |
| ZC16.12e | . superoxide qh |
| ZC18e | inorganic sulfur compounds qh |
| BT | +ZB2.2e acids qh ah |
| ZC18.2e | . inorganic sulfur acid qh |
| ZC18.2.2e | . . sulfenic acid qh |
| ZC18.2.4e | . . sulfuric acid qh |
| NT | ZC18.8e sulfate qh ah |
| ZC18.4e | . sulfide qh |
| ZC18.6e | . sulfur oxide qh |
| BT | +ZC16.2e oxides qh ah |
| ZC18.6.2e | . . sulfoxide qh |
| ZC18.6.2.2e | . . . dimethylsulfoxide qh |
| ST | DMSO | |
| BT | +YL2.4 ethanol antagonists qh ah |
| ZC18.6.4e | . . sulfur dioxide qh |
| ST | SO2 |
| ZC18.8e | . sulfate qh |
| BT | +ZC18.2.4e sulfuric acid qh ah |
| ZC18.10e | . sulfites qh |
| RT | YC14.34 sulfite oxidase qh ah | |
| YC14.36 sulfite reductase qh ah |
| ZC18.12e | . sulfone qh |
| ZC18.14e | . sulfonylurea compounds qh |
| ZC18.14.2e | . . chlorpropamide qh |
| BT | +YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah |
| ZC18.14.4e | . . tolbutamide qh |
| BT | +YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah |
| ZC20e | selenium compounds qh |
| NT | ZO2.12.2e selenomethionine qh ah |
| ZDe | organic compounds d-out qh |
| NT | +YBe vitamins qh ah | |
| +YCe enzymes qh ah | ||
| +YD4e coenzymes qh ah | ||
| +YD6e cytochromes qh ah | ||
| +YFe hormones qh ah | ||
| +YJ2e neurotransmitters qh ah | ||
| +ZEe hydrocarbons qh ah | ||
| +ZF alcohols, phenols, and ethers qh ah | ||
| +ZG aldehydes and ketones qh ah | ||
| +ZJ carboxylic acids and derivatives qh ah | ||
| +ZL organic halogen compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZMe organic nitrogen compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZR organic phosphorus and sulfur compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZS nucleic acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides qh ah | ||
| +ZTe heterocyclic compounds qh ah | ||
| +ZUe isoprenoids qh ah | ||
| +ZVe steroids qh ah | ||
| BT | +ZBe chemical compounds qh ah |
| ZEe | hydrocarbons d-out qh |
| SN | A large category of liquid organic chemical compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen and are produced only by carbonization from petroleum, coal, and plant life. They evaporate quickly at room temperature (although not as quickly as the vaporous anesthetics) and often are inhaled for their intoxicant effects. Like other inhalants, hydrocarbons are CNS depressants. Commercially, hydrocarbons are used as solvents, aerosols, heating fluid, and gasoline. | |
| NT | +ZL2e halogenated hydrocarbons qh ah | |
| BT | +ZDe organic compounds qh ah | |
| RT | +BGe volatile inhalant qh ah | |
| +BG2 solvent of abuse qh ah | ||
| +BG6.2 product containing solvent qh ah |
| ZE2e | acyclic hydrocarbons qh |
| ZE2.2e | . cycloparaffins qh |
| ZE2.2.2e | . . cyclohexanes qh |
| ZE2.2.2.2e | . . . ketamine qh |
| ZE2.2.2.2.2e | . . . . ketamine hydrochloride qh |
| ST | special K | |
| BT | +YW4.4.2 dissociative anesthetics qh ah |
| ZE6e | aliphatic hydrocarbons qh |
| ZE6.2 | . saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| ZE6.4 | . unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| ZE6.4.6 | . . diene qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZU2e isoprene qh ah |
| ZE6.4.8 | . . polyene qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZU12.2e squalene qh ah |
| ZE8e | aromatic hydrocarbons qh |
| ZE8.2e | . benzene qh |
| SN | A toxic, volatile hydrocarbon derived mainly from the carbonization of coal; prolonged inhalation will result in acute poisoning. It is used extensively in the petroleum, plastic, explosives, and pesticide industries and is most commonly found in gasoline, rubber cement, and paint and varnish removers. Most countries legally regulate the allowable exposure and concentration of fumes in its industrial use as a solvent because of its ability to produce leukemia and severe anemias. It is also called benzol. Methyl benzene is known as toluene. | |
| BT | +BG2 solvent of abuse qh ah |
| ZE8.2.2e | . . benzoid aromatic hydrocarbons qh |
| ZE8.2.4e | . . benzylidene compound qh |
| ZE8.2.4.2e | . . . styrene qh |
| ZE8.2.6e | . . nitrobenzene qh |
| ZE8.4e | . toluene qh |
| SN | Methyl benzene, the main active ingredient in glue and paint thinner. | |
| BT | +BG2 solvent of abuse qh ah | |
| RT | BB4.6.6.14 paint thinner qh ah |
| ZE8.4.2e | . . toluene diisocyanate qh |
| ZE8.6e | . xylene qh |
| ZE8.8 | . naphtha qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | A highly flammable hydrocarbon obtained by the distillation of petroleum and similar to gasoline and kerosene. It has long been used as a solvent in cleaning fluids and is inhaled for its intoxicating effects. | |
| ST | petroleum ether | |
| BT | +BG2 solvent of abuse qh ah |
| ZF | alcohols, phenols, and ethers d-out qh |
| BT | +ZDe organic compounds qh ah |
| ZF2e | alcohols (chemical class) qh |
| SN | Use this descriptor when referring to various chemical forms of alcohol. Use *+BB2 ethanol* qh ah for
documents dealing with metabolism, biochemistry, or pharmacology. Use *+BB alcohol in any form* qh ah for
materials in which the alcohol form is unspecified or for materials covering all forms of alcohol. Use *+BB4 alcohol product* qh ah and *+BB4.2 alcoholic beverage* qh ah where appropriate.
In chemical terminology, "alcohols" are a large group of organic compounds derived from hydrocarbons and containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Alcohol derivatives are classified under the corresponding alcohol. | |
| NT | +ZN2.16e amino alcohols qh ah | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| RT | +BX2e alcohol chemistry qh ah | |
| +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | ||
| +YC14.2e alcohol oxidoreductases qh ah | ||
| +YC14.2.2e alcohol dehydrogenases qh ah | ||
| +YC14.2.2.2e ADH isoenzymes qh ah | ||
| +ZG2e aldehydes qh ah | ||
| +ZG2.4e acetaldehyde qh ah |
| ZF2.2e | . primary alcohols qh |
| ZF2.2.2e | . . methanol qh |
| ST | methyl alcohol | |
| wood alcohol | ||
| NT | BB2.14 denatured alcohol qh ah | |
| RT | +ZF2.6e tertiary alcohols qh ah |
| ZF2.2.4e | . . ethanol and ethanol derivatives qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | +BB2e ethanol qh ah |
| ZF2.2.4.2e | . . . ifenprodil qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah |
| ZF2.2.6e | . . propyl alcohol qh |
| ST | 1-propanol | |
| isopropanol | ||
| isopropyl alcohol | ||
| propanol | ||
| propylic alcohol | ||
| BT | +ZF2.10e fatty alcohols qh ah | |
| RT | BB4.6.2.2 rubbing alcohol qh ah |
| ZF2.2.8e | . . butyl alcohol qh |
| ST | butanol | |
| BT | +ZF2.10e fatty alcohols qh ah |
| ZF2.2.8.2e | . . . acetoin qh |
| ZF2.2.10e | . . amyl alcohol qh |
| ST | isopentanol | |
| pentanol | ||
| BT | +ZF2.10e fatty alcohols qh ah | |
| RT | ZC12.8.6.2e amyl nitrite qh ah |
| ZF2.2.12e | . . hexyl alcohol qh |
| ST | hexanol | |
| BT | +ZF2.10e fatty alcohols qh ah |
| ZF2.2.14e | . . octyl alcohol qh |
| ST | octanol |
| ZF2.4e | . secondary alcohols qh |
| ZF2.4.2e | . . glycol qh |
| ZF2.4.2.2e | . . . butanediol qh |
| ZF2.4.2.2.2e | . . . . 2,3-butanediol qh |
| ZF2.4.2.4 | . . . chloral hydrate qh |
| SN | A nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic. The hydrate of chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde), which is formed by the chlorination of ethanol. It was the first widely used synthetic sleep-inducing drug. Combined with alcohol, it produces acute intoxication: this combination is known as a Mickey Finn or knockout drop. | |
| ST | trichloroacetaldehyde | |
| BT | +BT6.8.2 schedule IV CNS depressants qh ah | |
| +YP4.6e alcohol withdrawal agents qh ah | ||
| +YW4.8.4e nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics qh ah |
| ZF2.4.2.6e | . . . polyethylene glycol qh |
| ZF2.4.2.6.2e | . . . . polysorbate qh |
| ZF2.4.2.8e | . . . propanediol qh |
| ZF2.4.2.8.2e | . . . . chloramphenicol qh |
| BT | +YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah | |
| +YQ4.14e antibiotics qh ah |
| ZF2.6e | . tertiary alcohols qh |
| NT | +ZF2.12.2e glycerin qh ah | |
| RT | +ZF2.2.2e methanol qh ah |
| ZF2.8e | . aliphatic alcohols qh |
| ZF2.10e | . fatty alcohols qh |
| NT | ZF2.2.6e propyl alcohol qh ah | |
| +ZF2.2.8e butyl alcohol qh ah | ||
| ZF2.2.10e amyl alcohol qh ah | ||
| ZF2.2.12e hexyl alcohol qh ah |
| ZF2.10.2e | . . lauryl alcohol qh |
| ZF2.10.2.2 | . . . sodium dodecyl sulfate qh |
| ZF2.10.2.4e | . . . sodium tetradecyl sulfate qh |
| ZF2.12e | . sugar alcohols qh |
| BT | +ZG8 carbohydrate-related compounds qh ah | |
| RT | YC14.2.4.2 sugar alcohol dehydrogenase qh ah |
| ZF2.12.2e | . . glycerin qh |
| ST | 1,2,3-propanetriol | |
| glycerol | ||
| BT | +ZF2.6e tertiary alcohols qh ah | |
| RT | ZF6.2e glyceryl ether qh ah |
| ZF2.12.2.2e | . . . nitroglycerin qh |
| ST | 1,2,3-propanetriol trinitrate | |
| glyceryl trinitrate | ||
| nitroglycerine | ||
| BT | +YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah | |
| +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah |
| ZF2.12.4e | . . inositol qh |
| ST | cyclohexanohexol | |
| BT | +YB12e vitamin B complex qh ah |
| ZF2.12.4.2e | . . . inositol phosphate qh |
| RT | YC4.6.4.6.2 phospholipase C qh ah | |
| +YM2.2e second messengers qh ah | ||
| ZK2.2.4e phosphoinositide qh ah | ||
| +ZK2.4.2.2.6e phosphatidylinositol qh ah |
| ZF2.12.4.2.8e | . . . . inositol triphosphate qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +YM2.4e intracellular messengers qh ah |
| ZF2.12.4.2.8.2 | . . . . . inositol 1,3,4 triphosphate qh |
| ZF2.12.4.2.8.4 | . . . . . inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakiphosphate qh |
| ZF2.12.4.2.8.6e | . . . . . inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate qh |
| ST | (H super 3) inositol triphosphate | |
| IN(1,4,5)P sub 3 | ||
| inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate | ||
| INs-P3 | ||
| BT | +YM2.2e second messengers qh ah |
| ZF2.12.6e | . . mannitol qh |
| ZF2.12.8e | . . sorbitol qh |
| ZF2.12.8.2e | . . . isosorbide qh |
| ZF2.12.8.2.2e | . . . . isosorbide dinitrate qh |
| BT | +YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah | |
| +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah |
| ZF2.12.10e | . . xylitol qh |
| ZF4e | phenols qh |
| NT | ZF6.8e phenyl ether qh ah | |
| +ZJ2.10.10.2.4e hydroxybenzoic acid qh ah | ||
| ZM2e nitrophenol qh ah | ||
| ZO2.2.4.10e tyrosine qh ah |
| ZF4.2e | . caroverine qh |
| BT | +YP4.6e alcohol withdrawal agents qh ah | |
| +YT8.14e calcium channel blockers qh ah |
| ZF4.4e | . propofol qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +YR4e anesthetics qh ah | |
| +YW4.8.4e nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics qh ah |
| ZF4.6e | . resveratrol qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | RESV | |
| BT | +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | |
| +YT8.6e vasodilator agents qh ah |
| ZF4.8e | . polyphenols qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| ZF4.8.2e | . . tannin qh |
| BT | +ZG8.2e glycosides qh ah | |
| RT | BC6.4e tea qh ah | |
| +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah |
| ZF4.8.2.2e | . . . tannic acid qh |
| ZF6e | ethers qh |
| NT | +ZK2.4.2.4e phospholipid ether qh ah | |
| BT | +YW4.4e general anesthetics qh ah | |
| RT | +BGe volatile inhalant qh ah | |
| +YW4.8e sedative-hypnotics qh ah |
| ZF6.2e | . glyceryl ether qh |
| RT | +ZF2.12.2e glycerin qh ah |
| ZF6.4e | . hydrazine qh |
| RT | ZJ4.8.4e hydrazides qh ah |
| ZF6.6e | . isoniazid qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | isonicotinic acid hydrazide | |
| BT | +YQ4.4 antitubercular agents qh ah | |
| +ZT4.26.2.8 isonicotinic acid qh ah |
| ZF6.8e | . phenyl ether qh |
| BT | +ZF4e phenols qh ah |
| ZF8e | polycyclic hydrocarbons qh |
| ZF8.2 | . amantadine qh |
| BT | +YP10.8.2 anti-cocaine-craving agents qh ah |
| ZF8.4 | . maprotiline qh |
| BT | +YP10.8.10.2 agents for cocaine-concurrent depression qh ah |
| ZF8.6e | . aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| ZF8.6.2e | . . naphthalenes qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| ZF8.6.2.2e | . . . 1-naphthtlamine qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| ZF8.6.2.2.2e | . . . . sertraline qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +YP4.8.2.2e serotonergic anti-alcohol-craving agents qh ah | |
| +YV6.6.2e serotonin uptake inhibitors qh ah |
| ZF8.10e | . benzocycloheptene qh |
| ZF8.10.2e | . . dibenzocycloheptene qh |
| ZF8.10.2.2e | . . . amitriptyline qh |
| BT | +YP4.8.12.6 agents for alcohol-concurrent depression qh ah |
| ZF8.10.2.4e | . . . dizocilpine maleate qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | MK-801 | |
| BT | +YW4.6e anticonvulsants qh ah |
| ZF8.10.2.6e | . . . nortriptyline qh |
| SN | A tricyclic antidepressant, manufactured as Aventyl and Pamelor. | |
| ST | nortriptyline hydrochloride | |
| BT | +YW6.2 tricyclic antidepressants qh ah |
| ZF8.12e | . indene qh |
| ZF8.12.2e | . . indan qh |
| ZF8.12.2.2e | . . . ninhydrin qh |
| ZF8.14e | . pyrene qh |
| BT | +YX4e carcinogens qh ah |
| ZG | aldehydes and ketones d-out qh |
| SN | Aldehydes and ketones are families of similar organic chemical compounds, the molecules of which contain a special grouping of atoms called the carbonyl group. In biological systems, many important compounds, such as the sugars and certain of the steroid hormones, contain aldehyde or ketone groups. | |
| NT | +ZHe carbohydrates qh ah | |
| BT | +ZDe organic compounds qh ah |
| ZG2e | aldehydes qh |
| NT | ZH2.4e aldose qh ah | |
| ZU10.8.6e retinaldehyde qh ah | ||
| RT | +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | |
| EB10.12.8e ethanol metabolite qh ah | ||
| +YC10.6 aldehyde lyases qh ah | ||
| +YC14.4e aldehyde oxidoreductases qh ah | ||
| +YC14.4.2e aldehyde dehydrogenases qh ah | ||
| +ZF2e alcohols (chemical class) qh ah |
| ZG2.2e | . formaldehyde qh |
| ST | methanal |
| ZG2.2.2e | . . formocresol qh |
| ZG2.4e | . acetaldehyde qh |
| SN | The principal breakdown product of ethanol. Acetaldehyde is formed by oxidation of ethanol, the reaction being catalyzed principally by alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is oxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is a toxic substance. It is implicated in the alcohol flush reaction and in certain physical sequelae of alcohol consumption. | |
| ST | acetic aldehyde | |
| RT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +BB2e ethanol qh ah | ||
| +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | ||
| EB10.12.8e ethanol metabolite qh ah | ||
| +EX10.2e mutagenesis qh ah | ||
| GR2.2e alcohol flush reaction qh ah | ||
| +ZF2e alcohols (chemical class) qh ah | ||
| +ZJ2.6.10.4.4.2.2e disulfiram qh ah | ||
| +ZP24.2e tetrahydroisoquinoline qh ah | ||
| ZP24.2.2e salsolinol qh ah | ||
| +ZT6.12e isoquinolines qh ah |
| ZG2.4.2e | . . paraldehyde qh |
| SN | A potent nonbarbiturate sedative/hypnotic. Although considered safe, it has an offensive odor that limits its use. | |
| ST | paracetaldehyde | |
| BT | +BT6.8.2 schedule IV CNS depressants qh ah | |
| +YW4.8.4e nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics qh ah | ||
| RT | +YW4.8e sedative-hypnotics qh ah |
| ZG2.6e | . glyceraldehyde qh |
| ST | 2,3-dihydroxypropanal | |
| glyceric aldehyde | ||
| NT | ZH2.6e triose qh ah |
| ZG2.6.2e | . . glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate qh |
| ZG2.8e | . glutaraldehyde qh |
| ST | 1,5-pentanediol |
| ZG2.10e | . biogenic aldehyde qh |
| RT | +ZN2.18e biogenic amines qh ah |
| ZG2.12e | . malondialdehyde qh |
| ST | malonaldehyde | |
| propanedial |
| ZG4e | ketones qh |
| NT | +ZH2.2e ketose qh ah | |
| +ZQ10.2e methadone qh ah | ||
| BT | +ZJ2.10.6e keto acids qh ah | |
| RT | +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | |
| +YC14.12 ketone oxidoreductases qh ah |
| ZG4.2e | . acetone qh |
| BT | +BG6.2.6 nail polish remover qh ah | |
| RT | BB2.14 denatured alcohol qh ah | |
| +BG2 solvent of abuse qh ah |
| ZG4.4e | . butyrophenones qh |
| ZG4.4.2e | . . haloperidol qh |
| SN | An (antipsychotic) tranquilizer, manufactured as Haldol.. | |
| BT | +YP4.6.10 anti-alcohol-related-delirium agents qh ah | |
| +YP10.8.6 cocaine blockers qh ah | ||
| +YW4.10.2.2 butyrophenone tranquilizers qh ah |
| ZG8 | carbohydrate-related compounds qh |
| NT | +ZF2.12e sugar alcohols qh ah | |
| RT | +ZHe carbohydrates qh ah |
| ZG8.2e | . glycosides qh |
| NT | +YB8e flavonoids qh ah | |
| +ZF4.8.2e tannin qh ah | ||
| +ZS8.2.2e nucleoside diphosphate sugars qh ah | ||
| RT | +YC4.8e glycoside hydrolases qh ah | |
| +ZS6e nucleosides qh ah | ||
| +ZS8e nucleotides qh ah |
| ZG8.2.2e | . . aminoglycoside qh |
| ZG8.2.2.2e | . . . gentamicin qh |
| BT | +YQ4.14.2 aminoglycoside antibiotics qh ah |
| ZG8.2.2.2.2e | . . . . netilmicin qh |
| ZG8.2.2.4e | . . . neomycin qh |
| BT | +YQ4.14.2 aminoglycoside antibiotics qh ah |
| ZG8.2.4e | . . glucoside qh |
| RT | +ZH2.12.2e glucose qh ah |
| ZG8.2.6e | . . cardiac glycosides qh |
| BT | +YT8.10 cardiotonic agents qh ah | |
| RT | +ZV16e cardanolides qh ah |
| ZG8.2.6.2e | . . . strophanthin qh |
| BT | +ZV16.2e cardenolide qh ah |
| ZG8.2.6.2.2e | . . . . ouabain qh |
| ZG8.2.6.4e | . . . digitalis glycosides qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| ZG8.2.6.4.2e | . . . . digitonin qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| ZG8.4e | . sugar acids qh |
| BT | +ZJ2.10.4e hydroxy acids qh ah |
| ZG8.4.2e | . . neuraminic acid qh |
| ZG8.4.2.2e | . . . sialic acid qh |
| ZG8.4.4e | . . valproic acid qh |
| BT | +YP4.6.12 anti-alcohol-related-seizures agents qh ah |
| ZHe | carbohydrates d-out qh |
| ST | sugars and starches | |
| NT | +EB12e carbohydrate metabolism qh ah | |
| +GR4e carbohydrate metabolism disorder qh ah | ||
| ZO6.4.10.8.4.2.2e carbohydrate-deficient transferrin qh ah | ||
| BT | +ZG aldehydes and ketones qh ah | |
| RT | +BX2.2.4e congener qh ah | |
| +GH14.4e nutritional deficiency qh ah | ||
| +YAe nutrients qh ah | ||
| YC6.2 carbohydrate isomerases qh ah | ||
| +YC14.2.4e carbohydrate dehydrogenases qh ah | ||
| +YKe receptors qh ah | ||
| +ZG8 carbohydrate-related compounds qh ah |
| ZH2e | . monosaccharides qh |
| ST | simple sugar |
| ZH2.2e | . . ketose qh |
| BT | +ZG4e ketones qh ah |
| ZH2.2.2e | . . . xylulose qh |
| RT | ZH2.10.4e xylose qh ah |
| ZH2.4e | . . aldose qh |
| BT | +ZG2e aldehydes qh ah |
| ZH2.6e | . . triose qh |
| BT | +ZG2.6e glyceraldehyde qh ah |
| ZH2.8e | . . tetrose qh |
| ZH2.8.2e | . . . erythrose qh |
| ZH2.8.4e | . . . threose qh |
| ZH2.10e | . . pentose qh |
| ZH2.10.2e | . . . ribose qh |
| ZH2.10.4e | . . . xylose qh |
| RT | ZH2.2.2e xylulose qh ah | |
| ZS8.2.2.2e uridine diphosphate sugars qh ah |
| ZH2.12e | . . hexose qh |
| ZH2.12.2e | . . . glucose qh |
| NT | +EB12.2e glucose metabolism qh ah | |
| RT | GR4.12e hyperglycemia qh ah | |
| GR4.14e hypoglycemia qh ah | ||
| HF2e urinalysis qh ah | ||
| ZG8.2.4e glucoside qh ah | ||
| ZS8.4e uridine diphosphate glucose qh ah |
| ZH2.12.4e | . . . fructose qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | fruit sugar | |
| levulose |
| ZH2.12.6e | . . . mannose qh |
| ZH2.12.8e | . . . galactose qh |
| RT | ZS8.2.2.2e uridine diphosphate sugars qh ah |
| ZH4e | . disaccharides qh |
| RT | YC4.8.4 disaccharidases qh ah |
| ZH6e | . oligosaccharides qh |
| ZH8e | . polysaccharides qh |
| RT | YC10.16 polysaccharide-lyase qh ah |
| ZH8.2e | . . glucan qh |
| ZH8.2.2e | . . . hyaluronic acid qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Body chemical. Levels related to alcohol intake and liver cirrhosis. Possible role in determining blood vessel location in the embryo. | |
| ST | hyaluronan |
| ZH8.2.4e | . . . cellulose qh |
| BT | +YZ8e dietary fiber qh ah | |
| +ZY2e natural polymers qh ah |
| ZH8.2.4.2e | . . . . lignin qh |
| BT | +YZ8e dietary fiber qh ah | |
| +ZY2e natural polymers qh ah |
| ZH8.2.4.4e | . . . . glycogen qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| ZH8.2.6e | . . . starches qh |
| BT | +ZY2e natural polymers qh ah | |
| RT | YC16.6.2.4 glycogen synthase qh ah |
| ZH8.2.6.2e | . . . . amylopectin qh |
| ZH8.4e | . . mucopolysaccharides qh |
| ZH8.4.2e | . . . sucrose qh |
| ZH8.4.2.2e | . . . . sucralfate qh |
| BT | +YT10.8 antiulcer agents qh ah |
| ZH10e | . pectin qh |
| BT | +YT10.6 antidiarrheals qh ah | |
| +YT14.12 plasma substitutes qh ah | ||
| +YZ8e dietary fiber qh ah |
| ZH12e | . bacterial polysaccharides qh |
| ZH12.2e | . . lipopolysaccharide qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +YM18e mitogens qh ah |
| ZH14e | . proteoglycan qh |
| ZH14.2e | . . platelet factor 4 qh |
| BT | +ZO6.4.10.6.4e blood coagulation factors qh ah |
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