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New Angles on Art

Credits follow the order of images in the lesson, left to right and top to bottom.


Overview

Tony Smith
Page from a sketchbook (detail)
c. 1951
ink on paper
26.3 x 20 cm (10 3/8 x 7 7/8 in.)
Tony Smith estate, New York

Sol LeWitt
Wall Drawing No. 681 C (detail)
1993
colored ink washes
304.8 x 1127.76 cm (120 x 444 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Gift of Dorothy Vogel and Herbert Vogel, Trustees

East Building, spiral staircase to one of the tower galleries
Photograph by Lyle Peterzell, Department of Imaging and Visual Services
National Gallery of Art, Washington

Tony Smith
Wandering Rocks (detail)
1967
painted steel
measurements of each of five elements: 60.96 x 71.12 x 121.92 cm (24 x 28 x 48 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (46 x 28 x 64 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 106.68 cm (46 x 28 x 42 in.)
60.96 x 83.82 x 212.09 cm (24 x 33 x 83 1/2 in.)
60.96 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (24 x 28 x 64 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

Sol LeWitt
Four-Sided Pyramid (detail)
first installation 1997, fabricated 1999
concrete blocks and mortar
458.15 x 1012.19 x 970.92 cm (180 3/8 x 398 1/2 x 382 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Donald Fisher Family


Student Activities

Sol LeWitt's Concepts and Structures

Sol LeWitt
Wall Drawing No. 681 C
1993
colored ink washes
304.8 x 1127.76 cm (120 x 444 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Gift of Dorothy Vogel and Herbert Vogel, Trustees

Sol LeWitt
Four-Sided Pyramid
first installation 1997, fabricated 1999
concrete blocks and mortar
458.15 x 1012.19 x 970.92 cm (180 3/8 x 398 1/2 x 382 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Donald Fisher Family

Pyramids of Memphis, 1821
Description de l'Égypte

Imprint of a cylindrical seal showing a ziggurat and a priest or god.
From Babylon, 2nd-1st Mill
Vorderasiatisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.
Photograph by Erich Lessing

Marcel Breuer and Hamilton Smith, architects (1964–1966)
Whitney Museum of American Art, facade, completed September 1966
945 Madison Avenue
New York, New York
Photograph by Jerry L. Thompson, 1981

Empire State Building, New York City

Tall Skyscrapers

Geodesic dome
© JACARA, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Pyramid of Kukulkan, c. 987

Skyscraper

Finding Math in LeWitt's Art

Sol LeWitt
Floor Structure Black
1965
painted wood
46.99 x 45.72 x 208.28 cm (18 1/2 x 18 x 82 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Patrons' Permanent Fund and Gift of Dorothy and Herbert Vogel

Sol LeWitt
Four-Sided Pyramid
first installation 1997, fabricated 1999
concrete blocks and mortar
458.15 x 1012.19 x 970.92 cm (180 3/8 x 398 1/2 x 382 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Donald Fisher Family

Crazy for Cubes!

Sol LeWitt
Floor Structure Black
1965
painted wood
46.99 x 45.72 x 208.28 cm (18 1/2 x 18 x 82 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Patrons' Permanent Fund and Gift of Dorothy and Herbert Vogel

Sol LeWitt
Four-Sided Pyramid
first installation 1997, fabricated 1999
concrete blocks and mortar
458.15 x 1012.19 x 970.92 cm (180 3/8 x 398 1/2 x 382 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Donald Fisher Family

Sol LeWitt
Series 1-2-3: 47 3-Part Variations on Three Different Kinds of Cubes, 1968
painted wood
30.4 x 111.7 x 10.1 cm (12 x 44 x 4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington
The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Patrons' Permanent Fund and Gift of Dorothy and Herbert Vogel

Geometry and Tony Smith Sculpture

Tony Smith
Moondog
model 1964, fabricated 1998-1999
painted aluminum
521.34 x 468 x 467.36 cm (205 1/4 x 184 1/4 x 184 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Joan Miró
Dog Barking at the Moon
1926
oil on canvas
73 x 92.1 cm (28 3/4 x 36 1/4 in.)
Philadelphia Museum of Art, A. E. Gallatin Collection, 1952
Photo by: Graydon Wood, 1992

Tantalized by the Tetrahedron

Tony Smith
Moondog
model 1964, fabricated 1998-1999
painted aluminum
521.34 x 468 x 467.36 cm (205 1/4 x 184 1/4 x 184 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Tony Smith
Wandering Rocks
1967
painted steel
measurements of each of five elements: 60.96 x 71.12 x 121.92 cm (24 x 28 x 48 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (46 x 28 x 64 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 106.68 cm (46 x 28 x 42 in.)
60.96 x 83.82 x 212.09 cm (24 x 33 x 83 1/2 in.)
60.96 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (24 x 28 x 64 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

Japanese Garden
Photograph by Russell Illig

Ruins of Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, c. 1200

Machu Picchu, Peru

Find the Face

Tony Smith
Wandering Rocks
1967
painted steel
measurements of each of five elements: 60.96 x 71.12 x 121.92 cm (24 x 28 x 48 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (46 x 28 x 64 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 106.68 cm (46 x 28 x 42 in.)
60.96 x 83.82 x 212.09 cm (24 x 33 x 83 1/2 in.)
60.96 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (24 x 28 x 64 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

Geometry "Rocks"

Tony Smith
Wandering Rocks
1967
painted steel
measurements of each of five elements: 60.96 x 71.12 x 121.92 cm (24 x 28 x 48 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (46 x 28 x 64 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 106.68 cm (46 x 28 x 42 in.)
60.96 x 83.82 x 212.09 cm (24 x 33 x 83 1/2 in.)
60.96 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (24 x 28 x 64 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

I. M. Pei and the Geometry of the NGA

National Gallery of Art, West Building, Constitution Avenue Façade
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Leonardo da Vinci
Ginevra de' Benci
c. 1474
oil on panel
oil on panel, with addition at bottom edge: 42.7 x 37 cm (16 13/16 x 14 9/16 in.)
original panel only: 38.1 x 37 cm (15 x 14 9/16 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund

John Singleton Copley
Watson and the Shark
1778
oil on canvas
182.1 x 229.7 cm (71 3/4 x 90 1/2 in.)
Washington, DC, Ferdinand Lammot Belin Fund

Jacques-Louis David
The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries
1812
oil on canvas
203.9 x 125.1 cm (80 1/4 x 49 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Samuel H. Kress Collection

Edgar Degas
Little Dancer Aged Fourteen - plaster statuette
model 1879-1881, cast c. 1922
plaster
with base: 104.1 x 48.3 x 50.8 cm (41 x 19 x 20 in.)
without base: 99.1 x 38.1 x 35.6 cm (39 x 15 x 14 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon

National Gallery of Art, East Building Fourth Street Façade
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Southwest Façade
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Wassily Kandinsky
Improvisation 31 (Sea Battle)
1913
oil on canvas
140.7 x 119.7 cm (55 3/8 x 47 1/8 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund

Pablo Picasso
Family of Saltimbanques
1905
oil on canvas
212.8 x 229.6 cm (83 3/4 x 90 3/8 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Chester Dale Collection

Henri Matisse
Beasts of the Sea
1950
paper collage on canvas
295.5 x 154 cm (116 3/8 x 60 5/8 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund

Jackson Pollock
Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)
1950
oil, enamel and aluminum on canvas
221 x 299.7 cm (87 x 118 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund

Sort It Out!

Giovanni Paolo Panini
Interior of the Pantheon, Rome
c. 1734
oil on canvas
128 x 99 cm (50 1/2 x 39 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Samuel H. Kress Collection

National Gallery of Art, West Building rotunda
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

John Russell Pope
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C. 1939-43

National Gallery of Art, West Building
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building, Fourth Street façade
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building Detail
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Marble Floor
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Study Center
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building Columns
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Knife Edge
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building Detail
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Atrium
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building Sculpture Hall
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Spiral Staircase
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building Garden Court
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, East Building Space Frame with Calder Mobile
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

National Gallery of Art, West Building Detail
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Pei's East Building Plan

Aerial view of the National Gallery of Art, Washington
© Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Worksheets

Pyramid Math

Sol LeWitt
Four-Sided Pyramid
first installation 1997, fabricated 1999
concrete blocks and mortar
458.15 x 1012.19 x 970.92 cm (180 3/8 x 398 1/2 x 382 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Donald Fisher Family

Be Conceptual

Sol LeWitt
Wall Drawing No. 26 / A one-inch (2.5 cm) grid covering a 36" (90 cm) square. Within each one-inch (2.5 cm) square, there is a line in one of the four directions.
1969
black pencil
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Patrons' Permanent Fund and Gift of Dorothy and Herbert Vogel

Build It and Gild It!

Mark di Suvero
Aurora
1992-1993
steel
497.84 x 594.36 x 814.07 cm (196 x 234 x 320 1/2 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Joel Shapiro
Untitled
1989
bronze
165.1 x 195.6 x 158.7 cm (65 x 77 x 62 1/2 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

Tony Smith
Moondog
model 1964, fabricated 1998-1999
painted aluminum
521.34 x 468 x 467.36 cm (205 1/4 x 184 1/4 x 184 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Lucas Samaras
Chair Transformation Number 20B
1996
patinated bronze
360.68 x 67.31 x 223.52 cm (142 x 26 1/2 x 88 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Nancy Lee and Perry Bass Fund

Pei's Polygons

I. M. Pei
Early conceptual sketch for building plan, National Gallery of Art East Building.
fall 1968
crayon and graphite on tracing paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington

I. M. Pei
Working sketch for building plan, National Gallery of Art East Building
winter 1969
pen and graphite on tracing paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington


Bios / Resources

Snapshot: Sol LeWitt

Sol LeWitt during installation of Wall Drawing No. 681 C at the National Gallery of Art
Photograph by Rob Shelley
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Eadweard Muybridge
Muybridge's Horse
1881
series of shots used in the newly invented zoopraxiscope, which produced the illusion of moving pictures.
Public Record Office, London. Photo credit: HIP / Art Resource, NY

Jasper Johns
0 through 9
1960
lithograph (stone) in black on Arches paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Rosenwald Collection
Published by Universal Limited Art Editions © Jasper Johns and U.L.A.E./Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY

Frank Stella
Sacramento Mall Proposal #4
1978
acrylic on canvas
262.5 x 262.1 cm (103 3/8 x 103 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Gift of the Collectors Committee

Sol LeWitt
Series 1-2-3: 47 3-Part Variations on Three Different Kinds of Cubes, 1968
painted wood
30.4 x 111.7 x 10.1 cm (12 x 44 x 4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington
The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Patrons' Permanent Fund and Gift of Dorothy and Herbert Vogel

Sol LeWitt
Wall Drawing No. 681 C
1993
colored ink washes
304.8 x 1127.76 cm (120 x 444 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Gift of Dorothy Vogel and Herbert Vogel, Trustees

Sol LeWitt
Wavy Brushstrokes
1996
gouache on wove paper
153.67 x 294.64 cm (60 1/2 x 116 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection

Sol LeWitt
Four-Sided Pyramid
first installation 1997, fabricated 1999
concrete blocks and mortar
458.15 x 1012.19 x 970.92 cm (180 3/8 x 398 1/2 x 382 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Donald Fisher Family

Sol LeWitt with draftswomen Kazuko Miyato and Sachiko Cho during work on Wall Drawing No. 307
National Gallery of Art, Washington, March 25, 1992
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Installation of Wall Drawing No. 681 C
August 25, 1993
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Photographs by: Philip Charles

Snapshot: Tony Smith

Hans Namuth
Tony Smith, Early 1970s
silver gelatin photograph
©Hans Namuth Ltd.

Tony Smith
Wandering Rocks
1967
painted steel
measurements of each of five elements: 60.96 x 71.12 x 121.92 cm (24 x 28 x 48 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (46 x 28 x 64 in.)
116.84 x 71.12 x 106.68 cm (46 x 28 x 42 in.)
60.96 x 83.82 x 212.09 cm (24 x 33 x 83 1/2 in.)
60.96 x 71.12 x 162.56 cm (24 x 28 x 64 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

Tony Smith
Moondog
model 1964, fabricated 1998-1999
painted aluminum
521.34 x 468 x 467.36 cm (205 1/4 x 184 1/4 x 184 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Tony Smith
Louisenberg
1953-54/68
acrylic on canvas
253.4 x 355 cm (8' 3 3/4" x 11' 7 3/4")
Tony Smith Estate, New York. Photo: Thomas Powel. © 1998 Tony Smith Estate/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Hans Namuth
Jackson Pollock with Tony Smith and Barnet Newman at Betty Parsons, 1951
silver gelatin photograph
©Hans Namuth Ltd.

Tony Smith
Page from a sketchbook
c. 1951
ink on paper
26.3 x 20 cm (10 3/8 x 7 7/8 in.)
Tony Smith estate, New York

Tony Smith
The Snake Is Out
model 1962, fabricated 1992
painted steel
457.2 x 706.1 x 574 cm (180 x 278 x 226 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Tony Smith Estate and Patrons' Permanent Fund

Tony Smith
Untitled
1962
acrylic on canvas
162.7 x 244.4 cm (64 x 96 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Burton Tremaine

Frank Lloyd Wright
Falling Water House, Bear Run, Pennsylvania
Photo credit: Western Pennsylvania Conservancy / Art Resource, NY

Alexander Graham Bell with one of his tetrahedral structures/kites
National Geographic Society

Le Corbusier
Notre-Dame du Haut, pilgrimage church
1955
Chapelle de Notre-Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France
Photo credit: Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY

Donald Judd
Untitled
1969
brass and colored fluorescent plexiglass on steel brackets
ten pieces, each 61/8 x 24 x 27 in.
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Gift of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, 1972

Snapshot: I. M. Pei

I. M. Pei at the National Gallery of Art
© Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

I. M. Pei
Working sketch for building plan, National Gallery of Art East Building
winter 1969
pen and graphite on tracing paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington

I. M. Pei
Early conceptual sketch for building plan, National Gallery of Art East Building.
fall 1968
crayon and graphite on tracing paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington

I. M. Pei & Partners
East Building working study
c. October 1968
felt-tip pen on tracing paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington

J. Carter Brown (left), Director of the National Gallery of Art, and I. M. Pei at a press conference announcing the design plans for the new NGA East Building, May 5, 1971
Photograph by John Tennant
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

East Building, 4th Street façade
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

I. M. Pei & Partners
East Building working study
c. October 1968
felt-tip pen on tracing paper
National Gallery of Art, Washington

I. M. Pei
Musée du Louvre, View of the Pyramid
1983-1989
Photo: Ch. Larrieu. Louvre, Paris, France
Photo credit : Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY

I. M. Pei
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland 1987-1995

I. M. Pei
Miho Museum, Shiga, Japan 1991-1997

Alexander Calder
Untitled
1976
aluminum and steel
910.3 x 2315.5 cm (358 1/2 x 912 in.)
Weight: 920 lb
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Collectors Committee

I. M. Pei at the National Gallery of Art
© Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives


Glossary

Mark Rothko
Orange and Tan
1954
oil on canvas, 206.4 x 160.6 cm (81 1/4 x 63 1/4 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of Enid A. Haupt
Copyright © Christopher Rothko and Kate Rothko Prizel

I. M. Pei
Musée du Louvre

East Building, 4th Street façade
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Henry Moore
Knife Edge Mirror Two Piece
1976-1978
bronze
534.5 x 721.1 x 363.1 cm (210 1/2 x 284 x 143 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Joseph Kosuth
Art as Idea: Nothing
1968
silver gelatin photographic print
0.914 x 0.914 m (36 x 36 in.)
The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection

Donald Judd
Untitled
1969
brass and colored fluorescent plexiglass on steel brackets
ten pieces, each 61/8 x 24 x 27 in. with 6 inches in between; overall: 116 1/2 x 24 x 27 in.
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Gift of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, 1972

National Gallery of Art, West Building
Photograph: © Dennis Brack/Black Star
National Gallery of Art, Gallery Archives

Dan Flavin
untitled (to Barnett Newman to commemorate his simple problem, red, yellow and blue)
1970
red, yellow, and blue fluorescent light
365.76 x 243.84 cm (144 x 96 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of the Barnett & Annalee Newman Foundation, in honor of Annalee G. Newman, and the Nancy Lee and Perry Bass Fund

Frank Stella
Prinz Friedrich von Homburg, Ein Schauspiel, 3X
1998-2001
stainless steel, aluminum, painted fiberglass, and carbon fiber
944.88 x 1188.72 x 1036.32 cm (372 x 468 x 408 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Susan Rothenberg
Butterfly
1976
acrylic on canvas
176.53 x 210.82 cm (69 1/2 x 83 in.)
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of Perry R. and Nancy Lee Bass

Imprint of a cylindrical seal showing a ziggurat and a priest or god.
From Babylon, 2nd-1st Mill
Vorderasiatisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Photo credit : Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY