INAUGURATION   OF   THE   REPUBLIC.    ¦                 359
" Art. H. — The Roman Pontiff shall have all the necessary
guaranties for independence in the exercise of his spiritual power.
"Art. III. — The form of government of the Roman State
shall be a pure democracy, and will take the glorious name of
Roman Republic.
" Art. IV. — The Roman RepubUc shaU have with the rest of
Italy the relations exacted by a common nationality."
Between each of these expressive sentences the speaker paused ;
the great bell of the Capitol gave forth its solemn melodies ; the
cannon answered ; while the crowd shouted, Viva la Republica !
Viva Italia !
The imposing grandeur of the spectacle to me gave new force
to the emotion that already swelled my heart ; my nerves thrilled,
and I longed to see in some answering glance a spark of Rienzi,
a Uttle of that soul which made my country what she is. The
American at my side remained impassive. Receiving all his-
birthright from a triumph of democracy, he was quite indifferent
to this manifestation on this consecrated spot Passing the winter
in Rome to study art, he was insensible to the artistic beauty of
the scene, — insensible to this new life of that spirit from which
all the forms he gazes at in gaUeries emanated. He " did not see
the use of these popular demonstrations."
Again I must mention a remark of his, as a specimen of the
ignorance in which Americans usually remain during their flighty
visits to these scenes, where they associate only with one another.
And I do it the rather as this seemed a really thoughtful, intelli-
gent man ; no vain, vulgar trifler. He said, " The people seem
only to be looking on ; they take no part"
What people ? said I.
" Why, these around us ; there is no other people."
There are a few beggars, errand-boys, and nurse-maids.
" The others are only soldiers."
Soldiers !    The Civic Guard ! all the decent men in Rome.
Thus it is that the American, on many poinïs, becomes more
ignorant for coming abroad, because he attaches some value to his