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1. Prevalence of Tobacco Use among Students Aged 13-15 Years in Health Ministers' Council/Gulf Cooperation Council Member States, 2001-2004 (EJ812018)
Author(s):
Al-Mulla, Ahmad Moh'd; Helmy, Sahar Abdou; Al-Lawati, Jawad; Nasser, Sami Al; Rahman, Salah Ali Abdel; Almutawa, Ayesha; Saab, Bassam Abi; Al-Bedah, Abdullah Mohammed; Al-Rabeah, Abdullah Mohamed; Bahaj, Ahmed Ali; El-Awa, Fatimah; Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira
Source:
Journal of School Health, v78 n6 p337-343 Jun 2008
Pub Date:
2008-06-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Advertising; Smoking; Incidence; Foreign Countries; Early Adolescents; Gender Differences; Age Differences; Family Environment; Environmental Influences; At Risk Persons; Health Behavior; Health Promotion
Abstract: Background: This article examines differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use among Member States of the Health Ministers' Council for the Gulf Cooperation Council (HMC/GCC) using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data. Methods: Nationally representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Schools were selected proportional to enrollment size, classes were randomly selected within participating schools, and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate. Results: GYTS results confirmed that boys are significantly more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes or use shisha (water pipe). Students had higher rates of tobacco use than adults in Bahrain, Oman, and United Arab Emirates. For boys and girls, shisha use was higher than cigarette smoking in almost all countries. Susceptibility to initiate smoking among never smokers was higher than current cigarette smoking in all countries. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 30%, direct protobacco advertising exposure was greater than 70% on billboards and in newspapers, and more than 10% of students were influenced by indirect advertising. Finally, less than half of the students were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past year. Conclusions: For boys and girls, high prevalence of cigarette smoking, high prevalence of shisha use, and high susceptibility of never smokers to initiate smoking in the next year are troubling indicators for the future of chronic disease and tobacco-related mortality in the Member States of the HMC/GCC. (Contains 5 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Undergraduate Learners' Perceptions of Blended Learning and its Relationship with Some Demographic and Experiential Variables at the Arab Open University--Bahrain Branch (ED500044)
Juma Shehab, Samya Ali
Online Submission
2007-06-00
Dissertations/Theses - Masters Theses
N/A
Descriptors: Open Universities; Distance Education; Arabs; Learning Processes; Teaching Methods; Learning Modalities; Conventional Instruction; Online Courses; College Students; Teacher Student Relationship; Peer Relationship; Student Attitudes; Foreign Countries; Student Centered Curriculum; Student Characteristics; Age; Sex; Educational Attainment; Internet; Employment Level
Abstract: This research focused on the undergraduate learners' perceptions of blended learning at the Arab Open University--Bahrain Branch (AOU-BH). It also focused on factors that influence learners' perceptions and examined the relationships between learners' perceptions and their particular demographic characteristics (age, gender, educational level, experience with the internet, and employment status). In addition, the interrelationships between the perception dimensions were examined. This research also aimed at investigating the relationship between learners' satisfaction and the perception dimensions. Learners' perception dimensions in this study were: the course interaction, the learner's autonomy provided in the course, the course structure, the quality of instructional methods, and the course interface. The course interaction dimension was composed of two sub-dimensions: learner-learner interaction and learner-instructor interaction. The course structure (CS) was also composed of two sub-dimensions the CS-content and CS-assessment. The researcher developed an instrument to measure the perception dimensions and satisfaction with blended learning. The instrument was administered to a sample of 779 AOU-BH undergraduate learners. MANOVA, ANOVA, correlations, and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the overall learners' perception of blended learning at the Arab Open University-Bahrain Branch was found to be positive. Age and gender were found to be insignificant factors in the learners' overall perception. Learners' educational level was found to be a significant factor for learner-learner interaction and course interface. The relationship between learners' experience with the internet and the perception dimensions was found to be significant. Learners who had more experience with the internet expressed significantly higher positive perception of the blended learning program. The more internet experience the learner had, the more autonomy he/she could practice in a blended learning course. When relationships between perception dimensions were examined it was found that: The relationships between learner-learner interaction and learner-instructor interaction, course structure sub-dimensions, and course interface, were insignificant. Significant relationships were found between learner-instructor interaction with course structure sub-dimensions, and with course interface. The relationships between course structure sub-dimensions and the course interface were significant. The relationships between learner autonomy with the interaction sub-dimensions and the course structure sub-dimensions were also found significant. The relationships between the quality of instructional methods and course structure sub-dimensions, interaction sub-dimensions, and course interface were significant. The relationship between learners' satisfaction with most perception dimensions, namely: course structure sub-dimensions, quality of instructional methods, and interface was significant moderately positive. The relationship between learners' satisfaction and the interaction sub-dimensions was significant and weakly positive. The perception dimensions, when taken together, had a sizeable effect on satisfaction with blended learning. However, quality of instructional methods and interface were the most important dimensions for explaining learners' satisfaction with blended learning. (Contains 36 tables, 7 figures, and 10 appendices.) [Master's Thesis, Arabian Gulf University.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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3. Influencing the Self-Efficacy of Middle Eastern Women through the Use of a Bulletin Board (EJ805724)
Alkhalifa, Eshaa
AACE Journal, v16 n2 p95-114 2008
2008-00-00
Descriptors: Educational Strategies; Womens Education; Females; Self Efficacy; Discussion Groups; Interaction; Computer Science; Gender Differences; Foreign Countries; Gender Issues; Computer Mediated Communication; College Students; Information Technology; Web Sites; Comparative Analysis; Competition; Teaching Methods; Social Influences; Cultural Influences; Arabs; Internet
Abstract: Gender studies across the world have produced a wealth of information generated by studies that seek to investigate the existence of a distinction between genders in mathematical-based courses, such as Computer Science courses. However, the Middle Eastern Region remained unexplored largely throughout this effort due to gender segregation during K-12 schooling and social restrictions. Therefore, the work presented here will study the effects of cross-gender, online collaboration on Middle Eastern women. A preliminary study is initially conducted on data collected from 1667 students who studied at the College of IT in order to set a benchmark for comparison between genders. Results indicated that female students lagged in Computer Science courses, leading to the introduction of an online bulletin board to allow interaction between all students in the Internet Technology course. Female students who participated in the board were compared to female students who did not participate, to male students who participated and to male students who did not participate. Results revealed a positive effect on the self-efficacy of female students who participated in the board as they electively chose to attempt a bonus task in greater numbers than their peers who did not participate in the task. These results inform us that these women lack the interaction required to be able to be competitive with their male peers. Additionally, it raises a question of whether classical instructional strategies are more aligned with male student requirements than with female student requirements, which place women at a disadvantaged position in class. (Contains 2 tables, 1 figure, and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. The Role of Genre in Language Syllabus Design: The Case of Bahrain (EJ737595)
Bax, Stephen
International Journal of Educational Development, v26 n3 p315-328 May 2006
2006-05-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; Literary Genres; Course Descriptions; English (Second Language); Secondary Schools; Ethnography; Second Language Instruction; Teaching Methods
Abstract: This article examines the role of genre in English language syllabus design, with reference to a project in Bahrain secondary schools. It attempts to show how, through a carefully devised and conducted qualitative study in ethnographic mode, a syllabus was developed which placed genre at its centre. It also attempts to illuminate how issues relating to the sequencing and choice of genre can be determined ecologically, and how a focus on genres in this way could usefully impact on other central areas of pedagogy including the teaching of skills, and assessment. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. A Cross-Cultural Study of Pre-Adolescents' Moral, Religious and Spiritual Questions (EJ820695)
Tirri, Kirsi; Tallent-Runnels, Mary K.; Nokelainen, Petri
British Journal of Religious Education, v27 n3 p207-214 Sep 2005
2005-09-00
Descriptors: Elementary School Students; Foreign Countries; Cross Cultural Studies; Preadolescents; Moral Issues; Religious Factors; Beliefs; Comparative Education; Intelligence Differences; Academically Gifted; Inquiry; Questioning Techniques; Scientific Attitudes; Knowledge Level
Abstract: This study investigated differences across four countries in the amount and nature of above-average ability and average-ability pre-adolescents' everyday life, scientific, moral, spiritual and religious questions. The participants (N = 975) of this study were fifth-and sixth-grade elementary school students from different schools in Finland (N = 367), the USA (N = 164), Hong Kong (N = 169) and Bahrain (N = 275). Approximately half of the students in each country came from special programmes or schools serving above-average-ability students. The results showed that above-average-ability students from each participating country asked more scientific and moral questions than their average-ability peers. This finding was not found to be gender-related. Furthermore, in each country the average-ability students asked more everyday life questions than their gifted peers. The Christian influence in the Finnish and US data, and Muslim influence in the Bahrain data were seen in the spiritual and religious questions asked by pre-adolescents. Additionally, in all the data sets girls asked more spiritual and religious questions than boys. The results point to the need for teachers to discuss moral, religious and spiritual questions influencing pre-adolescents' futures. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. Phonological Processing Skills as Predictors of Literacy amongst Arabic Speaking Bahraini Children (EJ791047)
al Mannai, Haya; Everatt, John
Dyslexia, v11 n4 p269-291 Nov 2005
2005-11-00
Descriptors: Semitic Languages; Speech Communication; Spelling; Phonological Awareness; Short Term Memory; Foreign Countries; Verbal Ability; Literacy; Reading Skills; Grade 1; Grade 2; Grade 3; Literacy Education; Predictor Variables
Abstract: This paper reports a study of the reading and spelling skills of grades 1-3 Arabic-speaking children in Bahrain. Children were tested on their literacy skills (single word reading and spelling), their ability to decode letter strings (non-word reading) and measures of phonological awareness, short-term memory, speed of processing and non-verbal ability. These tests were included to identify the best predictors of literacy skills amongst Arabic young readers. The results were consistent with the literature based on tests of English-speaking children in that measures of phonological skills (decoding and awareness) were the best predictors of variability in reading and spelling among the Bahraini children. The results are discussed in terms of the literacy experiences of the children and the use of short vowels in Arabic writing. (Contains 9 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
7. A Framework for a WAP-Based Course Registration System (EJ731959)
AL-Bastaki, Yousif; Al-Ajeeli, Abid
Computers and Education, v44 n3 p327-342 Apr 2005
2005-04-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; School Registration; College Students; Universities; Information Technology; Telecommunications; Internet; Technological Advancement; Computer Interfaces; Access to Information; Information Networks; Shared Resources and Services; Globalization
Abstract: This paper describes a WAP-based course registration system designed and implemented to facilitating the process of students' registration at Bahrain University. The framework will support many opportunities for applying WAP based technology to many services such as wireless commerce, cashless payment... and location-based services. The paper outlines the main concepts of the analysis and design methodology of our proposed system. It shows also how the request will be issued, received, processed, formulated, and how the reply is sent back to the student for display. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Why Should Learners Contribute to the Self-Access Centre? (EJ727634)
Malcolm, Diane
ELT Journal, v58 n4 p346-354 Oct 2004
2004-10-00
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; English (Second Language); Independent Study; Second Language Learning; Learning Activities; College Students; Educational Benefits; Peer Evaluation
Abstract: As one element of a self-directed learning program at the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain, students make a contribution to the self-access center (SAC) in the form of a language learning worksheet or other English-enhancing activity. The student contributions are evaluated by other students and added to the SAC materials banks. This initiative is aimed primarily at exposing students to a variety of learning tasks that might suggest new practice possibilities, and at increasing their personal investment in developing the SAC as a dynamic entity to serve their particular language learning needs. The potential benefits of this type of activity to the learners and their institution are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices: A Comparison between Medical Practitioners and Medical Students in Bahrain (EJ807165)
Al-Madani, Khawla M.; Landman, Jacqueline; Musaiger, Abdulrahman O.
Health Education, v104 n2 p90-99 2004
2004-00-00
Descriptors: Medical Education; Medical Students; Nutrition; Foreign Countries; Knowledge Level; Case Studies; Surveys; Statistical Significance; Student Attitudes; Physicians
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices in Bahrain. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 1998. Highly statistically significant differences (p less than 0.0001) were observed between practitioners and students in relation to knowledge concerning recommended daily allowance. The results suggest that more attention should be given to nutrition in medical curricula for undergraduates and postgraduates. (Contains 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
10. The Validity of the Graduate Management Admissions Test for Non-U.S. Students (EJ745257)
Koys, Daniel J.
Journal of Education for Business, v80 n4 p236-239 Mar-Apr 2005
2005-00-00
Descriptors: Test Results; Academic Achievement; Correlation; Predictive Validity; Foreign Countries; Graduate Students; Test Validity; College Entrance Examinations; Foreign Students; College Admission; Masters Programs; Predictor Variables; Multiple Regression Analysis
Abstract: In this study, the author examined the validity of the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) for non-U.S. students (N = 75) through a predictive validation procedure in which applicants were given the predictor test but the test results were not used to admit students. The author's business school admitted students to three overseas MBA programs. The author then gathered academic performance data (MBA grades) and correlated the predictor (GMAT) with the criterion (MBA GPA). The findings showed that the correlation between the two was 0.64 (p less than 0.001), meaning that 41% of the variance in MBA academic performance was explained by the GMAT. This number is higher than the corresponding one for U.S. students. The findings indicate that the GMAT was a valid predictor of academic performance in an MBA program for these non-U.S. students. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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