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Now showing results 1-8 of 8.
1. Factors Influencing Openness to Future Smoking among Nonsmoking Adolescents (EJ812017)
Author(s):
Seo, Dong-Chul; Torabi, Mohammad R.; Weaver, Amy E.
Source:
Journal of School Health, v78 n6 p328-336 Jun 2008
Pub Date:
2008-06-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Middle School Students; Smoking; Adolescents; High School Students; Intention; Health Behavior; At Risk Persons; Public Schools; Environmental Influences; Gender Differences; Age Differences; Racial Differences; Family Environment; Health Promotion; White Students; Hispanic American Students; African American Students
Abstract: Background: To investigate the correlates of youth tobacco use in terms of nonsmoking adolescents' openness to future smoking, a secondary analysis of the 2000 and 2004 Indiana Youth Tobacco Survey (IYTS) was conducted. Methods: A representative sample of 1416 public high school students in grades 9-12 and 1516 public middle school students in grades 6-8 (71.44% and 72.53% response rates, respectively) were surveyed in 2000, and 3433 public high school students and 1990 public middle school students (63.04% and 65.44% response rates, respectively) were surveyed in 2004. Results: Seventy-four percent of students in 2000 were not open to future smoking and 77% were not open in 2004. The adolescent cohort in 2004 became more exposed to antitobacco messages and less exposed to protobacco messages and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) compared with their counterpart in 2000. Whereas gender, grade, race/ethnicity, and exposure to antitobacco messages were insignificant predictors for openness to future smoking, exposure to ETS either in homes or in cars was a strong predictor for openness to future smoking (the higher the exposure to ETS, the more open to future smoking) in both unadjusted and adjusted multivariate models. Exposure to protobacco messages had a greater effect on openness to future smoking than exposure to antitobacco messages. The rate of transition from openness to future smoking to tobacco use initiation is higher among white adolescents than among minority adolescents. Conclusions: More efforts should be made to reduce adolescents' exposure to ETS and protobacco messages. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Differences in Vigorous and Moderate Physical Activity by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Age, Education, and Income among U.S. Adults (EJ795803)
Seo, Dong-Chul; Torabi, Mohammad
American Journal of Health Education, v38 n3 p122-128 May-Jun 2007
2007-00-00
Descriptors: Ethnicity; Body Weight; Body Composition; Marital Status; Health Education; Physical Activities; Employment Level; Income; Physical Activity Level; Telephone Surveys; Gender Differences; Age Differences; Racial Differences; Hispanic Americans; African Americans; Whites; Correlation; Smoking
Abstract: Background: Inconsistent findings exist regarding correlates of physical activity (PA) in the literature. Leisure-time physical activity among U.S. adults has declined for the last decade. Purpose: This article examines differences in vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activity by gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, and income among a representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: A total of 1,000 adults participated in a random-digit telephone survey in 2005 (62% response rate and 82% cooperation rate). Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. Standard errors and odds ratios were calculated utilizing SUDAAN, reflecting differential probabilities of selection. Results: After adjusting for differences in existence of a serious health problem, body mass index, marital status, employment status, and smoking status in the multivariable logistic models, none of the five demographic variables except race/ethnicity were predictive of meeting the moderate PA guideline, whereas each of the five variables was predictive of meeting the vigorous PA guideline. Discussion: Because most U.S. adults fail to meet physical activity guidelines, health practitioners must be vigilant in helping people adopt and adhere to active lifestyles. Translation to Health Education Practice: The results of this study support different approaches for different intensity levels of PA. Given the lack of evidence about the efficacy of moderate-intensity PA on reducing body weight, health educators must be cautious against providing expectation that people could lose substantial weight by engaging in moderate PA. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Relations between Physical Activity and Behavioral and Perceptual Correlates among Midwestern College Students (EJ778322)
Seo, Dong-Chul; Nehl, Eric; Agley, Jon; Ma, Shang-Min
Journal of American College Health, v56 n2 p187-197 Sep-Oct 2007
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students; Physical Activities; Smoking; Drinking; Physical Activity Level; Correlation; Student Behavior; Student Attitudes; Alcohol Abuse; Eating Habits; Body Composition; Self Concept; Predictor Variables
Abstract: Objective: Given the inconsistent findings in the literature, the authors' purpose in this study was to examine the associations between physical activity and behavioral and perceptional correlates, such as binge drinking, cigarette smoking, fruit or vegetable consumption, and weight perceptions, among midwestern college students. Participants and Methods: The authors invited a convenience sample of 1,200 undergraduate college students enrolled in the 2004-2005 academic year in 4 different midwestern universities to participate in a survey. Of the 1,163 students who participated in the survey, a total of 1,134 usable surveys were received (response rate of 94.5%). Results: Hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that smoking, perceived weight, and consumption of fruit were independent predictors of physical activity when controlling for other variables. Conclusions: Physical activity promotion requires tailored approaches that are dependent on the target segment of the college student populations. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Reduced Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with a Public Smoking Ban: Matched Controlled Study (EJ775832)
Seo, Dong-Chul; Torabi, Mohammad R.
Journal of Drug Education, v37 n3 p217-226 2007
Descriptors: Patients; Smoking; Hospitals; Counties; Control Groups; Consolidated Schools; Rural Schools; Incidence; Public Policy; Heart Disorders
Abstract: There has been no research linking implementation of a public smoking ban and reduced incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among nonsmoking patients. An ex post facto matched control group study was conducted to determine whether there was a change in hospital admissions for AMI among nonsmoking patients after a public smoking ban was implemented in Monroe County compared with Delaware County, Indiana without such a ban. Poisson analysis was conducted for 44 months of hospital admissions. A significant drop occurred in the number of admissions among nonsmoking patients in Monroe County after the ban whereas a non-significant decrease in the number of admissions occurred in Delaware County. The changes in the number of smoking-patient admissions before and after the ban were not significant. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Indiana Residents' Perceptions of Driving and Lower Blood Alcohol Concentration (EJ792801)
Seo, Dong-Chul; Torabi, Mohammed R.
American Journal of Health Education, v36 n1 p26-34 Jan-Feb 2005
2005-00-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Employment Level; National Standards; Drinking; Motor Vehicles; Laws; Biochemistry; Social Attitudes; Adults; Interviews; Statistical Analysis
Abstract: Since Congress passed .08 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as the national standard for impaired driving in October 2000, 28 U.S. States including Indiana have enacted .08 BAC law. This study investigated perceived impact of the .08 law among Indiana residents and their attitudinal and perceptional changes since the enforcement of the law. The focus of this study was to examine demographic differences in these changes. Using random-digit dialing that included unpublished numbers and new listings, a representative sample of 525 adult Indiana residents ages 18 or older was interviewed. Of the total respondents, 61% (n=320) reported having 12 or more drinks in a year, 15% (n=81) reported a decrease in the number of alcohol drinking occasions compared to their drinking behavior before the passage of the .08 law and 30% advocated further reduction of the legal limit of impaired driving below .08 g/dl, which reflects the perception of increased safety. Even though 38% of the total respondents expressed that the BAC law should be enforced only when drinking and driving was a factor in an accident, 75% acknowledged that their driving skills became worse after consuming a couple of drinks. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses indicated that gender, education and income were significant predictors for the majority of attitudinal and perceptional outcome variables regarding drinking and driving or .08 BAC law whereas race/ethnicity, age, employment status, religion and political views contributed little to the prediction. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. The Impact of In-Vehicle Cell-Phone Use on Accidents or Near-Accidents among College Students. (EJ696697)
Journal of American College Health, v53 n3 p101 Nov 2004
2004-11-01
Journal Articles
Descriptors: College Students; Traffic Safety
Abstract: With in-vehicle use of cell phones rapidly increasing, the safety of young drivers, who represent 14% of licensed drivers but 26% of drivers involved in fatal crashes, may be disproportionately threatened. The authors used a questionnaire to examine the association between in-vehicle cell-phone use and accidents or near-accidents among 1,291 conveniently recruited college students in 4 states. Of the 1,185 respondents who were drivers, 87% had a cell phone, and 86% of the cell-phone owners reported talking while driving at least occasionally. Of the 762 reported accidents or near-accidents, 21% (n = 159) involved at least 1 of the drivers talking while driving. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses showed that the frequency, not the duration, of drivers talking while driving was related to experiencing accidents or near-accidents. Differences between drivers who used cell phones and nonusers in unsafe driving behaviors and attitudes were also examined, and target groups for intervention efforts against talking on a cell phone while driving are suggested.Key Words: cell-phone use, college students, safe driving, talking while driving Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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7. National Study of Emotional and Perceptional Changes Since September 11 (EJ792753)
American Journal of Health Education, v35 n1 p37-45 Jan-Feb 2004
2004-00-00
Descriptors: Terrorism; Employment Level; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Geographic Regions; Attitude Change; Emotional Response; Psychological Patterns; Safety; Gender Differences; Predictor Variables; Age Differences; Racial Differences; Place of Residence; Mental Health; Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Abstract: This study examined emotional and perceptional changes American people had experienced 10 to 12 months after the September 11 (9-11) terrorist attacks. A nationally representative sample of 807 U.S. adults ages 18 or older was interviewed using random-digit dialing that included unpublished numbers and new listings. The results indicated that 5 to 8% of the respondents had probable posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms such as angry outbursts, trouble falling asleep, difficulty concentrating, and experiencing nightmares even 10 to 12 months after the attacks. Twenty-two percent reported more frequent life-threatening perceptions and 50% more concerns about personal safety than before the 9-11 attacks. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses indicated that gender, age, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and employment status were significant predictors for experiencing differential emotional and perceptional changes. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Alternate Forms of Health Attitude Scale (EJ688363)
Torabi, Mohammad R.; Seo, Dong-Chul; Jeng, Ifeng
American Journal of Health Behavior, v28 n2 p166-172 Apr 2004
2004-04-01
No
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals); Student Attitudes; Test Validity; Test Reliability; Item Analysis; College Students; Test Construction; Health Behavior; Student Evaluation; Alternative Assessment
Abstract: Objectives: To develop valid and reliable alternate forms to measure college students' attitudes toward health. Methods: Final scale, composed of 2 different but equivalent 15-item forms, was administered to 2 sets of college students. The mixed format of 30 items was administered to one sample of college students whereas a pre-post format was administered to another set of students. Results: Item analysis showed adequate internal consistency of each subscale for both forms. Equivalent form reliability coefficients were .91 and .88. Factor analyses confirmed the 3 underlying constructs of the scale. Conclusions: Statistical analyses demonstrated the comparability of the alternate forms. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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