Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge


	Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge
	P.O. Box 10015 Liberty, TX 77575 E-mail: Phone Number: 936-336-9786
	Visit the Refuge's Web Site: http://southwest.fws.gov/refuges/texas/trinityriver	Anders Pond is one of the bottomland hardwood areas found at Trinity River NWR.

Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge
Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge was established on January 4, 1994 with an initial purchase of 4,400 acres. Since that time, the refuge has acquired additional acreage which now totals 17,500 acres. The primary purpose of establishing this refuge is to protect a portion of the bottomland hardwood forest ecosystem along the Trinity River located in southeastern Texas. The refuge, which is a remnant of what was once a much larger natural area is a broad flat floodplain made up of numerous sloughs, oxbow lakes, artesian wells, and tributaries.

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The Trinity River floodplain contains a diversity of wetland habitats including bottomland hardwood forests, forested swamps, open water and wet pastures. Upland areas outside the floodplain contain cultivated pastures, natural pine forests, and mixed pine-hardwood forests.

The refuge provides important breeding, wintering, and stopover habitat for a variety of migratory wildlife including waterfowl and numerous neotropical songbirds. More than 275 species of birds occur in the bottomland forests and associated wetlands in eastern Texas and 100 bird species are known to breed there. It has been documented that Trinity River NWR contains over 620 plant species and over 400 vertebrate species.

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Trinity River is within the heartland of the Caddo Indian Trib. Archeological sites on the Refuge point to sedentary and long-term occupation of the area by ancestal Caddo people. The Caddo in this area were part of the great mound-building culture of east Texas and adjoining forested lands, a society with a high artistic and architectural tradition which dominated the region for 1,000 years. Lands within the Trinity River Refuge were later a peripheral part of the 1857 Mexican settlement of Atascosito.

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The invasion of the highly aggressive Chinese tallow tree throughout the refuge is a cause for concern. This exotic tree can alter the native habitat within a few years, so it must be controlled using herbicides. This is also the case with Giant Salvinia, an exotic water fern, that was found in Champion Lake during 2000. This fern could possibly choke out the entire 800-acre lake in a matter of months if not kept in check with the use of herbicides, the only known way to eradicate the plant.

Periodic mowing is conducted in refuge fields to provide habitat for grassland birds. Sedge wrens and various species of sparrows, primarily the Henslow's sparrow, benefit significantly because of this mowing program.

Tree planting is another management tool utilized at the refuge. When tracts are purchased, some are devoid of trees because of prior agricultural uses. Since 1995, over 13,000 oak, ash, and cypress seedlings have been planted throughout the refuge.