ITEMS FROM THE UKRAINE

INSTITUTE OF PLANT PRODUCTION N.A. V.YA. YURJEV

National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, Moskovs'kiy pr., 142, Kharkiv, 61060, Ukraine.

Optimizing the integrated protection of spring wheat. [p. 169-171]

Yu.G. Krasilovets, V.S. Zouza, A.E. Litvinov, and V.V. Sotnikov.

These studies were conducted at the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yurjev under a 9-year crop rotation in southern Ukraine during 1997-2000. The wheat cultivars Kharkivska 18 (bread wheat) and Kharkivska 23 (durum wheat) were studied. The soil was a typical chernozem, with 5.9-6.1 % humus content in the plowing layer. Grain corn was the forecrop. Fertilizers and pesticides were not applied to the control. The optimal nutrient rate was 60 kg of NPK/hectare. The optimized integrated protection of wheat against pests included a seed treatment with Rocksil or Vincit, a herbicide spray at the tillering, and a fungicide treatment at the start of heading. If necessary, in separate years the insecticides were used against pests of the generative organs of the crop at the milk stage of grain maturity.

Fuel consumption and pesticide use per unit of grain production were determined according to an original method developed by the authors. The estimates for the cultivar Kharkivska 18 are given as an example. Fuel consumption/hectare was 66.20 kg in the block without chemicals and fertilizer and 73.46 kg in the block with the optimized protection and mineral nutrition. The grain yield in these blocks was 24.8 c/ha and 37.3 c/ha, respectively. Under these conditions, the fuel consumption for the first block was 2.67 kg (66.2:24.8) for production of 1 centner of seeds/hectare and 1.97 kg (73.46:37.3) for the second block. The first block showed a decrease of 0.7 kg or 26.2 %.

Because the rates of application for various pesticides differ greatly, pesticide use per unit of grain production (one centner) is calculated in conventional units. The rate/hectare (i.e., for convenience in calculations, they are increased by 100 times) is divided by grain yield. Under the consumption of two rates of pesticides per hectare for the production of one centner of seed, the pesticide use in the blocks is 8.06 c.u. (200:24.8) without fertilizer and 5.36 c.u. (200:37.3) with the optimal system of nutrition. Thus, by optimizing the integrated protection system and mineral nutrition for Kharkivska 18 the expenditure of pesticides per unit of production is decreased by 33.5 %.

The results show that cultivars Kharkivska 18 and Kharkivska 23 were different in their resistance to pathogens of some fungal diseases. In the nonchemically treated block, Helminthosporium-Fusarium root rots at the waxy stage of wheat grain maturity averaged 14.1 % and 21.5 % for Kharkivska 18 and Kharkivska 23, respectively. In the same treatment, Kharkivska 18 and Kharkivska 23 averaged 2.6 % and 0.7 % for powdery mildew at the end of milk and the start of waxy stage, 3.6 % and 0.9 % for brown leaf rust at the same stage, and leaf damage by Septoria was nearly identical at 24.5 and 27.3 %, respectively.

Optimized application of fertilizer increased the development of Helminthosporium-Fusarium root rot from 16.3 to 20.1 %, Septoria from 23.5 to 28.9 %, powdery mildew from 0,.6 to 2.7 %, and brown leaf rust from 26.2 to 34.5 % on average. The total development of leaf diseases increased from 26.2 to 34.5 %. Although protecting wheats against a complex of fungal diseases, the biological effectiveness of Impact after 30 days of spraying on Kharkivska 18 and Kharkivska 23 was 43.8 and 49.4 % in the block without fertilizer and 35.4 and 49.7 % in the fertilized plots, respectively.

Optimizing the mineral-nutrition system increased the number of weeds/m2 from 495 to 714 and their weight from 94 to 174 g, in comparison to the control. The biological effectiveness of herbicides increased considerably during fertilizer use due to a better wheat development, which biologically suppressed weeds. In the block without fertilizer, spraying with Dialen decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds by 66 % and their weight by 35 % and by 86 and 87 %, respectively, in the fertilized plots.

The grain yield of spring wheat increases under optimized integrated protection and mineral nutrition. Savings in fertilizer and decreased fuel costs and pesticides per unit of production correspond to resource and energy savings and ecological and social safety (Table 1). The average gain from the optimization of integrated protection and mineral nutrition is $54.74 USD/hectare.

Fertilization and field tolerance of wheat to cereal flies. [p. 171-

Yu.G. Krasilovets and N.V. Kouzmenko.

This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Yurjev Plant Production Institute, situated in the Forest-Steppe of southern Ukraine. The soil is a typical chernozem. According to the data from the Laboratory of Agrochemistry at our institute, the soil indices are as follows: humus 5.9-6.1 %, pH (KCl) 6.4-6.7, total absorbed bases 40-45 mg Equiv, hydrolytic acidity 3-4 mg EQV/100 g, average content of easily available forms of elemental nutrients, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen (according to Cornfield) 100-120 mg, and labile phosphor and exchange potassium in an acetic acid extract (according to Chirikov) 70-90 and 60-80 mg/kg, respectively. We grew common cultivars of winter and spring wheats. The agronomic techniques employed are widely used in the investigated area. In stationary crop rotations, fertilizer for winter wheat was applied in the autumn in the form of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, and potassium salt. In the spring wheat field experiments, they were applied in the spring before sowing in the form of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, and potassium-magnesium. Counts for plant damage by the larvae of cereal flies were according to conventional methods. These studies show that winter wheat was damaged by such cereal flies as Opomyza florum F., Oscinella frit L., O. pusilla Mg., and Phorbia securis Tiens. Spring wheat was attacked by O. pusilla Mg., M. destructor, and a few others. In the winter wheat sowings, the total tillering ability when a black fallow preceded the crop in the unfertilized blocks was 1.3-1.4 times greater in comparison with either a vetch-oats or silage maize as forecrop (Table 2). The application of phosphor-potassium fertilizers solely in silage maize sowings did not increase the index appreciably, but the vetch-oats forecrop increased the index by 1.4-1.5 times. The standard mineral fertilizer enhanced the total tillering ability in winter wheats after silage maize by 1.3-1.5, after vetch-oats by 1.4, and after black fallow by 1.1 times. In the spring wheat sowings after a stubble forecrop, the tillering ability was increased by 1.3 times. The sowing rate of winter wheat after silage maize was 5.0 x 10^6^ viable seeds/hectare, after vetch-oats it was 4.5 x 10^6^, and after black fallow it was 4.0 x 10^6^. With spring wheat after a stubble forecrop, sowing rate was 5.5 x 10^6^. The application of a standard mineral fertilizer related to higher tillering ability increased the number of tillers for these forecrops by 1.1-1.5 times.

In winter wheat fields after silage maize and vetch-oats, cereal fly damage was not decreased. This index in the blocks without fertilizers was 14.6-15.9 % and at application of phosphor-potassium fertilizer was 12.8-15.5 % and 16.1-18.6 %. The tillers, which had been damaged by fly larvae, were dead. Therefore, because of the higher tillering ability, the number of undamaged tillers in the blocks with standard mineral fertilizer was considerably larger than in the unfertilized blocks. In winter wheat sowings after silage maize the number of undamaged tillers was 40-57 % greater, after vetch-oats it was 44-45 % greater, and on black fallow it was greater by 4 %. Spring wheat sowings after a stubble forecrop had 28 % greater undamaged tillers. A considerable increase in the number of undamaged tillers in the fertilized blocks improved tolerance of wheat to the cereal fly. The number of productive tillers in the blocks with a standard mineral fertilizing as compared to the unfertilized block was 1.4-1.6 times greater in when winter wheat followed silage maize, 1.1-1.2 times greater after vetch-oats, 1.1 times greater following black fallow, and 1.2 times greater in spring wheat after stubble forecrop.

Full application of a mineral fertilizer improved the grain yield of winter wheat after silage maize by 49-104 %, after vetch-oats by 22-23 %, on black fallow by 21 %, and in spring wheat after a stubble forecrop by 29 %. Pesticides were not applied to these plantings of winter and spring wheats. Thus, the maximum grain yield did not exceed the indices for fertilized winter wheat after silage maize of 33.1 c/ha, after vetch-oats of 31.6 c/ha, and after black fallow 52.8 c/ha, or for fertilized spring wheat after a stubble forecrop of 26.5 c/ha. Our multiyear studies show that optimizing mineral nutrition and chemical protection against a complex of harmful organisms increases average grain yield of winter wheat after silage maize to 56.8 c/ha, on full and black fallow to 70.9-74.7 c/ha, and in spring wheat after a stubble forecrop and maize for grain to 45.4-46.2 c/ha on the average.

Table 2. Field damage of wheats by cereal flies with respect to forecrop and mineral-nutrient status.

Fertilizer applied (kg/ha)				Total tillering	Damaged by flies (%)	No. tillers/m^2^		Spike-bearing stalks		Grain yield (c/ha)
Crop rotation		Under wheat				total	not damaged by flies	per m^2^	% block with out fertilizer
N	PK	N	PK
Stationary. Winter wheat-silage maize as a forecrop (average for 1981-1985)
0	0	0	0	2.4	14.6	840	717	385	100	16.2
0	88	0	100	2.4	12.8	840	732	385	100	15.5
42	88	50	100	3.2	10.5	1,120	1,002	525	136	24.2
0	88	0	360	2.7	15.5	945	799	455	118	18.1
42	88	180	360	3.7	13.0	1,295	1,127	595	155	33.1
Stationary. Winter wheat-vetch oat as a forecrop (average for 1981-1985)
0	0	0	0	3.0	15.9	1,080	908	540	100	25.6
0	88	0	80	4.5	18.6	1,620	1,319	540	100	27.2
42	88	40	80	4.3	15.8	1,548	1,303	576	107	31.6
0	88	0	280	4.3	16.1	1,,548	1,299	540	100	28.6
42	88	140	280	4.2	13.1	1,512	1,314	648	120	31.2
Stationary. Winter wheat-black fallow (average for 1991-1995)
0	0	0	0	3.4	21.2	1,169	925	571	100	47.3
40	60	90	120	3.6	23.4	1,261	966	630	110	52.8
Field experiment spring wheat (average for1997-2000)
--	--	0	0	1.3	1.3	665	643	495	100	20.6
--	--	60	120	1.7	2.1	868	824	582	118	26.5

Wheat lines with introgressed genes for resistance to diseases and pests created by the Wheat Genetic Resources Center in the USA. [p. 172-173]

S.V. Rabinovich, W.J. Raupp (The Wheat Genetic Resources Center, Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA), T.Y. Markova, R.L. Boguslavsky, and I.N. Chernyaeva.

At present, the gene pool in cultivated bread and durum wheats varieties for resistance to diseases and pests does not guarantee their resistance. Further breeding progress may come from introgressing resistance genes from related species and genera in the tertiary (GP-3) and quaternary (GP-4) pools of genetic resources, using the classification of V.G. Konarev (1993). Research on gene introgression are made in many institutions around the world; among the most successful are those of the Wheat Genetic Resources Center, Kansas State University, U.S. (WGRC).

This paper presents information about the lines created by the WGRC that are of use in breeding programs. Sources of the information have been published in The et al. 1992; McIntosh et al. 1995; Rabinovich et al. 1996; Cox et al. 1997; Wilson et al. 1997; Rabinovych 1998; and Raupp (pers commun).

Ae. tauschii is the source of genetic resistance to the greatest number of biotic factors including leaf rust; powdery mildew; Septoria leaf blotch and Septoria nodorum; Helmintosporium (yellow) leaf blotch; the virus diseases WSBMV and WSSMV and also the vector of WSM; and the Hessian fly. Genes for resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and Septoria leaf blotch were introgressed from T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum; to leaf rust from T. monococcum subsps. aegilopoides and monococcum; to the vector of WSMV from wheatgrass Th. intermedium; and to Hessian fly, leaf rust, and powdery mildew from cultivated emmer (T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum) and S. cereale. Because these lines were evaluated for resistance to U.S. isolates of these pests, it is expedient to test them in different regions of the Russian Federation and the Ukraine. The overwhelming majority of the lines are HRWWs, two lines, KS92WGRC24 and KS94WGRC29, are HRWW, and two lines, KS91WGRC14 and KS98WGRC41, are spring durum wheats. Information for these lines can be obtained from the WGRC web site at http://www.ksu.edu/wgrc/Germplasm/grmplsm.html.

Some winter wheat varieties used in pedigrees of the WGRC lines also have disease resistance. U.S. cultivars Century, Karl, and TAM 200 have genes for resistance to leaf and stem rusts (Lr24 and Sr24) inherited from Th. ponticum, which also are effective in the Ukraine and Russia. A number lines also have the Oklahoma wheat variety Amigo, which has the wheat-wheatgrass genes Lr24 and Sr24 and wheat-rye translocation T1AL·1RS. Amigo also has a second gene for resistance to stem rust and new gene for powdery mildew resistance (Pm17) from Insave F.A. rye (through the triticale Gaucho). Resistance to two greenbug biotypes (gene Gb2) also has been identified in the Amigo. Two descendants of Amigo are often found in the pedigrees of lines from the WGRC, TAM 107 (five times) and TAM 200 (six times).

The value of the lines described here is that they are cultivated wheats that do not have traits of the wild species and, therefore, are considered as valuable breeding material.

References.

• Cox TS, Gill BS, and Brown-Guedira GL. 1997. New germ plasm released from the Wheat Genetic Resources Center. Ann Wheat Newslet 43:278.
• Konarev VG ed. 1993. Molecular biological aspects of applied botany, genetics and plant breeding. In: Theoretical basis of plant breeding, 1. Moskqw, Kolos. 447 pp.
• McIntosh RA, Wellings CR, and Park RF. 1995. Wheat Rusts. CSIRO, Australia. 200 pp.
• Rabinovych SV. 1998. Importance of wheat-rye translocations for breeding modern cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. Euphytica 100:323-340.
• Rabinovych SV, Sotnikov VV, Bondus SI, and Boguslavsky RL. 1996. New accessions of winter wheats from USA in collections of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Methodological basis of formation, conducting and using of collections of plant genetic resources. Kharkov. p. 69.
• The TT, Gupta RP, Dyck PL, Appels R, Hohhman V, and McIntosh RA. 1992. Characterization of stem rust resistance derivatives of wheat cultivar Amigo. Euphytica 58:245-252.
• Wilson DL, Gill BS, and Raupp WJ. 1997. Update: improved germ plasm lines with pest resistance genes from Aegilops tauschii. Ann Wheat Newslet 43:279.

A history of the breeding, pedigrees, and high-molecular-weight glutenin composition of Myronivka wheats bred between 1929 and 2001 and their progenies throughout the world.
[p. 173-197]

S.V. Rabinovich, V.A. Vlasenko (V.N.Remeslo Institute of Wheat in Myronivka), O.Ju. Leonov, I.A. Panchenko, Z.V. Usova, S.Ju. Didenko, and R.G. Parchomenko.

The wheat cultivars created in Myronivka played an important role in increasing grain production in the countries of the former U.S.S.R. and a number of European countries, one-sixth of the world's cropland. These cultivars are widely used in wheat breeding in many countries throughout the world. These wheats are characterized by their high adaptability to the severe climactic conditions of the temperate zone and their capacity for high yields. In particular, the cultivar Myronivs'ka 808, in addition to winter hardiness, has a high regenerative ability and may produce new tillers after overwintering and other unfavorable factors. This property may have been inherited by a number of it derivatives and was the possible cause of their success. This paper analyses the pedigrees of wheat cultivars from different countries from literature published between 1928 and 2002. The pedigree analysis of several hundred cultivars of winter and spring wheat allowed us to reveal descendants of Myronivka winter and spring wheats in two woodland, 20 forest-steppe, and nine steppe regions of the Ukraine; eight regions of the Russian Federation from central to eastern Siberia; 16 institutions in eight countries of the former USSR from Lithuania to Tajikistan; seven countries of Europe; the United States; and Chile. The institutes within the different regions of the Ukraine, Russian Federation, Belarus', Lithuania, Armenia, and Kazakhstan are arranged in chronological order from the year that the first cultivar or derivative of Myronivka wheat was released or created.

The Ukraine. V.N. Remeslo Institute of Wheat in Myronivka, Kyiv Region. The V.N. Remeslo Institute of Wheat (prior to 1968 the Myronivka Breeding Station) celebrated its 90th year in 2001. Wheat cultivars of this institute and its descendants have been widely grown for the last 75 years and are widely grown at the present time. The first cultivar of Myronivka Breeding Station was Ukrainka with a quality score (QS) = 9 (Table 1). The breeder V.E. Zheltkevich collected a number accessions with the name Banatka from different places. The first choices were made from the original Banatka of Austro-Hungary in 1915. Thirty seeds, under the number 246, were sown in the autumn of 1915 and were the beginning of this Ukrainka cultivar. The next selections were made in 1916-18 by L.I. Kovalevskyj and further breeding work was by I.M. Eremeev and released as winter wheat Ukrainka 0246 in 1928. Ukrainka was cultivated for more than 45 years in a wide area; grown on more than 7 x 10^6^ ha in late 1930s.

More than 60 cultivars were created from Ukrainka during 1930-70s; more than 30 in the Ukraine alone. The first progeny of Ukrainka in the Ukraine, Lutescens 9, was registered in Verkhhjacka in the Cherkasy Region in 1938 and the last known one, Perlyna Lisostepu, was registered in 2001 by the Bila Tserkva Experimental Plant Breeding Station. The first derivatives of Ukrainka also were created in Myronivka. Lutescens 25F24, Lutescens 25f27, Erythrospermum 84-3, Yuvileyna and Ukrainka polypshena originated in Myronivka between 1924-55, but none were released. The second descendant of Ukrainka among the Myronivka wheats was the cultivar Kyivs'ka 893, created in 1964 from Ukrainka spring, which was developed from the winter wheat Ukrainka in 1953 in the Alma-Ata Region of South Kazakhstan. Myronivs'ka 31 (QS = 9), in cutivation since 1997, is derivative of Ukrainka indirectly through Bilotserkivs'ka 29.

The variety Bezostaya 1, a derivative of Ukrainka from a cross with Lutescens 17 and registered by the Verchnjachka Station, was grown on more 10 x 10^6^ ha between 1960-80. Several hundred winter, intermediate, and spring wheats, all descendants of Bezostaya 1, are grown from Canada to Australia; everywhere wheat is cultivated. Many varieties in countries of the former U.S.S.R. and 10 world cultivars are derivatives of Bezostaya 1, either directly or through the Russian wheats Kavkaz (T1BL·1RS) and Avrora (T1BL·1RS); Siouxland (T1BL·1RS) of the U.S; or Veery (T1BL·1RS), Lira (T1BL·1RS), and Loxi (T1BL·1RS) in Mexico and its derivatives. All of them have the same lineage of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17.

Myronivs'ka 264 (QS = 9) was the next variety registered. This variety was the choice for late-autumn sowing of spring T. durum wheat Narodnaya. Released in 1960, it was cultivated widely for nearly10 years. Descendants of Myronivs'ka 264 include Myronivs'ka 10 (released in 1975) and it progenies Myronivs'kanyz'korosla (1979), Myronivs'ka 60 (1985), and Myronivs'ka 28 (QS = 9), a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through the the Russian wheat Krasnodarskaya 57, also registered in 1994 in the forest-steppe region of the Ukraine.

The third Myronivka wheat cultivar, Myronivs'ka 808 (QS = 9), was selected from the spring wheat Artemivka (QS = 7) in Donetsk Region and was released in the Ukraine and Russian Federation in 1963. It was grown in the Ukraine until the middle 1990s and continues to be grown in nine regions of the Russian Federation in 2002; from the northwest to western Siberia. Descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 include Illichivka (QS = 9), Myronivs'ka 808 polipshena, Myronivs'ka ostysta (QS = 9), Myrleben (QS = 7), and Myronivs'ka 28. The last cultivar, bred through the Russan wheat Krasnodarskaya 57 (QS = 9.5) were registered between 1974 and 1994. Myronivs'ka 63 (QS = 9) and Troyan (QS = 8.5), released in 1993 and 1999, respectively, are both progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. The cultivar Kryzhynka (QS = 9), registered in 2002 by the two Institutions (see Table 1, p. 195), is a derivative of Myronivka wheats Myronivs'ka 808, Myronivs'ka 28, and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, through Myronivs'ka 27.

Dedcendants of the Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna are Myronivs'ka 27 and its progeny Myrych (QS = 7), registered in 1992 and Myronivs'ka 64 (QS = 9), released in 1994. Myronivs'ka 27 also is a forefather of the six new varieties Myronivs'ka 30 (QS = 9) registered in 1995; Myronivs'ka 32 (QS = 9), registered in 1993; and Venera (QS = 8), Myronivs'ka 35 (QS = 9), Myronivs'ka 901 (QS = 8), and Oktava (QS = 6), registered in 2000-01.

Descendants of Illichivka include Myronivs'ka 25 (QS = 9), Myronivs'ka 61 (QS = 9), and Volgogradskaya 84 (QS = 9), registered in 1980, 1989, and 1989, respectively; and Myronivs'ka 808 poluintensyvna (QS = 9) and Myronivs'ka 33 (QS = 9) registered in 1993 and 1998, respectively. The wheats Myronivs'ka 11 (QS = 9), Myronivs'ka 62, and Myronivs'ka 32, released in 1973, 1989, and 1993, respectively, also are offspring of Illichivka.

Varieties registered between 1999-2000, Myronivs'ka 65 (QS = 9), Lira (QS = 9), Myronivs'ka 67 (QS = 9), and Vesta (QS = 8), are progeny of Myronivs'ka 27 (QS = 9) and Myronivs'ka 61. In pedigrees of Myronoivs'ka 27 and Myronivs'ka 61 also are the German lines 6538 and 6508-74. Although these are T1BL·1RS wheat-rye translocation stocks, the HMW-glutenin composition of these new Myronivka wheats is not reduced.

In 2002, the V.N. Remeslo Institute of Wheat are registered several varieties in the Ukraine including Myronivs'ka 27 (T1BL·1RS), Myronivs'ka 28 (T1BL·1RS), Myronivs'ka 31 (T1BL·1RS), and Kryzhynka (QS = 9), registered between 1992-2002 for the forest-steppe region; Myronivs'ka 61 (T1BL·1RS), Myronivs'ka ostysta, and Myronivs'ka 30, registered between 1989-95 and Myronivs'ka 65 and Myronivs'ka Rannjostygla, registered in 2000 and 2002, respectively, for the forest-steppe and woodland regions; and Myronivs'ka 33, Myrych, Myrhad, Myronivs'ka 66, and Myronivs'ka 67 registered between 1998-2002 for cultivation only in woodland region.

Thirteen Myronivka cultivars have been registered in the Ukraine. Myronivs'ka 27, Myronivs'ka 28, and Myronivs'ka 31 were registered in 1992, 1994, and 1997, respectively for the forest-steppe region; Myronivs'ka 61, Myronivs'ka ostysta, and Myronivs'ka 30, registered in 1989, 1992, and 1995, respectively, and Myronivs'ka 65 and Kryzhzhynka, registered in 2000 and 2002, respectively, for the forest-steppe and woodland regions; and Myronivs'ka 33 and Myrych, registered in 1998 and 1999, Myrhad and Myronivs'ka 66, registered in 2000, and Myronivs'ka 67 registered in 2002 for the woodland region.

In the Russian Federation, three Myronivka wheats are registered including Myronivs'ka 808 in eight regions, northwest, central, Volgo-Vjatka, Central Chernozem, Middle Volga, Lower Volga, Ural, and western Siberia; Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna in the northwest and Lower Volga regions; and Myro-nivs'ka 61 in the Central Chernozem region.

Progenies of Myronivka wheats in different Regions of the Ukraine. 1. Woodland Region.
Nosivka Breeding-Experimental Station, Chernigiv Region. At the Nosivka Station, Nosivs'ka 2, a derivative of Ukrainka, was released in 1950. Zolotava Nosivs'ka and Nosivchanka 2, both progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Kyjanka, were released in 1990 and 1994, respectively.

Institute of Agriculture, Kyiv Region. The cultivar Polis'ka 87 (QS = 5) is the first derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 bred at this institution after the resumption of breeding work. This wheat was registered in 1990 and cultivated for 10 years in the woodland region. One derivative, Polis'ka 90 (QS = 9), was released in 1994 and also is a derivative of the Russian cultivar Bezostaya 1.

The variety Polis'ka Bezosta, bred in 1981, is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264, through Rostovchanka (QS = 9) from the Russian Federation. The cultivars Polis'ka 29 and Polis'ka 95 were created here in 1996. The first is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, through Polis'ka 87 and of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Kyjanka. Polis'ka 95 is a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and a progeny of Myronivka wheats through three Russian varieties from Zernograd, Zernogradka 3 (a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Severodonskaya, Myronivs'ka 264, and Myronivs'ka 808, through Donskaya bezostaya; QS = 9), Donskaya intensivnaya (a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya polukarlikovaya; QS = 9), and Zernogradka 6 (through sibs of Donskya bezostaya (a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808); QS = 9 and Donskaya polukarlikovaya (a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 by Severodonskaya) QS = 9).

Forest-steppe Region.
V.Ya. Yur'ev Institute for Plant Production, Kharkiv. At the V.Ya. Yur'ev Institute for Plant Production (formerly the Kharkiv Breeding Station) 54 varieties were bred from 1924-2001. Twenty-two of these were registered. Among the registered varieties are 12 derivatives of Ukrainka, including Lutescens 266, Lutescens 238 (QS = 9), and Kharkivs'ka 4 (from Lutescens 17), released in the 1950s. The cultivar Novo-Yur'evka was created in the 1930s; Ukrainka Kharkivs'ka (QS = 9) and Salyut (Kharkivs'kyj) in the 1940s; Erythrospermum 107 in the 1950s; Albidum 145 (from Lutescens 266); two-time derivatives of Ukrainka, Erythrospermum 88 (through Erythrospermum 107 and Lutescens 17) and Kharkivs'ka 10 (from Pimenka and Lutescens 17), and Krupnokolosa (through Lutescens 238) in the 1960s; and Kharkivs'ka 38, a two-time derivative of Ukrainka from Erythrospermum 88 in the 1970s.

The first derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 in Kharkiv was Kharkivs'ka 63 released in 1969 followed by Napivkarlyk 3, a two-time descendant directly and by crossing with Kharkivs'ka 63 in 1985. The variety Kharkivs'ka 20, registered in 1988 as a fertilty restorer for hybrid wheat on the basis of CMS, has Myronivs'ka 808 in its pedigree three times. Kharkivs'ka 33 and Kharkivs'ka 50 (QS = 9), derivatives of wheat Kharkivs'ka 20, created in 1985 and 1992, respectively, also have Myronivs'ka 808 in their pedigrees three times. Lutescens 23, bred in 1978, has Myronivs'ka 808 in its pedigree four times, once directly and three time through Kharkivs'ka 20. The cultivar Kharkivs'ka 90 (QS = 9) is two-time derivative of Myronivka wheats Myronivs'ka 808 through Okhtyrchanka (QS = 9) and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna though the Krasnodarian wheat Polukarlikovaya 49. The variety Kharkivs'ka 92 is three-time derivative of the Myronivka wheats Myronivs'ka 264, through the Russian varieties Tarasovskaya 29 and Rostovchanka, Myronivs'ka 808, and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, through Kharkivs'ka 90. Myronvivs'ka 264 was registered in 1991 and Kharkivs'ka 92 was registreted in 1993.

The newest varieties, Kharkivs'ka 96 (a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Kharkivs'ka 63; QS = 9), Kharkivs'ka 105 (a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264, Myronivs'ka 808, and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Kharkivs'ka 92; QS = 9), and Myronivs'ka morozostijka (frost-resistant, pedigree unknown) were released between 1999-2001. Kharus (Kharkivs'ka 333) is a five-time derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, twice through Donskaya polukarlikovaya (QS = 9), twice through Erythrospermum 1490 (bred in Kharkiv through the Russian cultivar Severodonskaya), and once by a cross with the Ukrainian cultivar Okhtyrchanka (QS = 9). The wheat Kharus (QS = 10) was registered in 2002 for the forest-steppe and steppe regions of the Ukraine.

Direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 include the Kharkivs'ka 159 (QS = 9) and Kharkivs'ka 68 (QS = 9), released in 1969 and 1973, respectively. Descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 through Kharkivs'ka 63 include Kharkivs'ka 77 and Napivkarlyk 1 developed in 1972 and 1974, respectively. Lutescens 23, created in 1978, is direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808, Kharkivs'ka 75 and Kharkivs'ka 82, the both progey of Myronivs'ka 808 through Kharkivs'ka 63 and registered in 1981. One derivative of Kharkivs'ka 75, Slov'janka (Kharkivs'ka 94; QS = 9.5), was created in 1993.

Derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 through the Russian wheats Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya are Slobozhanka (Kharkivs'ka 93, QS = 9, 1992), Kolosysta (QS = 9, 1994), and Kharkivs'ka 99 (QS = 9.5, 1997). The wheat Mogutnya (QS = 9) is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya Bezostaya and was registered in 1995. Kharkivs'ka 107, released in 1998, is six-time descendant of five Myronivka wheats, Myronivs'ka 27 and Myronivs'ka 28 directly, progenies of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Spatanka (QS = 9) and Krynitsa (QS = 9), and two Russian wheats, Polukarlikovaya 49 (QS = 9), a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, and Rostovchanka, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264.

Kharkivs'ka 96, registered in 1999, and Kharkivs'ka 105, registered in 2001, are for the forest-steppe region of the Ukraine. Kharkivs'ka 92, released in 1993, is for the middle Volga and lower Volga regions of the Russian Federation.

Verkhnjachka Experimental Plant Breeding Station, Cherkasy Region. Between 1924-81, this station developed nearly 20 cultivars, all progenies of Ukrainka. Among them, Erythrospermum 10 and Lutescens 9 were registered in 1935 and 1938, respecitvely, and Milturum 13, created in 1936. The varieties Erythrospermum 15 (synonym Stakhanivka) and Lutescens 17 (synonym Efremivka) were both registered in 1940. These cultivars were widely grown on nearly 0.5 x 10^6^ ha for 23 years (1940-62). Fifteen years after its release, Erythrospermum 15 was used as a parent for the Ukrainian wheat Bilotserkivs'ka 198 (QS = 9), which was grown on 3.2 x 10^6^ ha in 1964, and after 19 years, Lutescens 17 became a forefather of nearly a hundred winter, intermediate, and spring wheats that were descendants of Bezostaya 1 bred in many countries, from Canada to Australia.

Verkhnyachs'ka 16 and Radjans'ka 60 (Sovetskaya in the Russian Federation), both direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808, were created in 1977 and 1978, respectively. The cultivar Verkhnyachs'ka 20, registered in 1981, is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and a derivative of Ukrainka through Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and the Verkhnyachka wheat Erythrospermum 15.

Veselopodil's'ka (formerly Veselopodoljans'ka) Experimental Plant Breeding Station, Poltava Region. Among the 30 cultivars created between 1924-2002 in Veselyj Podil, 11 were derevatives of Ukrainka, Myronivsska 808, and Illichivka. Three were direct descendants of Ukrainka, Erythrospermum 85-8626 (created in 1939), Veselopodol'jans'ka 1 and Veselopodol'jans'ka 5 (both bred in 1949). Veselopodol'jans'ka 711, released in 1959, is a progeny of Ukrainka through Veselopodol'jans'ka 1. Ukrainka is a forefather of Veselopodol'jans'ka 17 (created in 1970) and Veselopodol'jans'ka 6 (1978) through Veselopodol'jans'ka 711 and Veselopodol'jans'ka 1. The three varieties, Veselopodol'jans'ka 14 (registered in 1973), Podol'jans'ka (a synonym Soyuz, 1976), and Veselopodil's'ka 78 (released in 1983), are direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808. Veselopodil's'ka 80 (registered in 1979) is a direct descendant of Illichivka and Veselopodil's'ka 83 (QS = 9) is a two-time progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Podol'jans'ka and Okhtyrchanka. The variety Veselopodil's'ka 867, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Veselyj Podil line 3807-71, was released in 1993. The newer cultivar Glibovchanka is a derivative of Ukrainka through Al'batros odes'kyj, Mayak, and Dniprovs'ka 521 and is a two-time progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Veselopodil's'ka 83. The variety Glibovchanka was registered in 2002 for the forest-steppe region of the Ukraine.

Vinnytsya State Agricultural Experimental Station. Fourteen winter wheats originated from this station between 1926-1962, including Erythrospermum 235 (created in 1939), a direct derivative of Ukrainka, and Erythrospermum 520 (in 1962), a progeny of Ukrainka through Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermum 15.

Bila Tserkva Experimental Plant Breeding Station, Kyiv Region. At the Bila Tserkva Station, more than 20 direct derivatives of Ukrainka were created from 1919-1997, among which are seven two-time, five three-time, and three four-time derivatives. Ukrainka is directly in the pedigree of Lisostepka 75, registreted in 1945, and Lisostepka 76, Kyivljanka 156, Erythrospermum 158, Velutinum 160, Erythrospermum 162, Erythrospermum 163, Erythrospermum 164, and Kyivljanka 2916, bred between 1936 and 1940. Ukrainka also is present in the genealogies of other cultivars through the pedigrees of the other Bila Tserkva varieties. Bilotserkivs'ka 47, Bilotserkivs'ka napivkarlykova and Perlyna Lisostepu, registered in 1981, 1999, and 2001, respectively, and Bilotserkivs'ka 184 and Bilotserkivs'ka 51, created in the 1970s, are all three-time derivatives of Ukrainka. Bilotserkivs'ka 177 and Bilotserkivs'ka 18, released in 1979 and 1982, respectively, are four-time descendants of Ukrainka.

Wide spread among the Bila Tserkov wheats is Bilotserkivs'ka 198 (Erythrospermum 15 and a derivative of Ukrainka/Kavwalle (USA)), registered in 1955 and grown on 3.3 x 10^6^ ha in 1964. Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and its descendants are included in the pedigrees of all varieties created at Bila Tserkov, from Bilotserkivs'ka 23 registered in 1962 to Perlyna Lisostepu registered in 2001.

In the pedigrees of Bila Tserkva wheats bred since 1990 are present Myronivs'ka 808 (over Russian wheats Donskaya polukarlikovaya (QS = 9) and Severodonskaya (QS = 9)) in Bilotserkivs'ka intensyvna (QS = 9), registered in 1991, and Bilotserkivs'ka napivkarlykova, registreted in 1999. The cultivar Vira, created in 1997, is a two-time descendant of the Myronivka wheats, four times from Ukrainka and once from Myronivs'ka 808 through Dons'ka napivkarlykova (QS = 9) and Severodonskaya (QS = 9). The variety Kyjanka (QS = 9), registered by the Insttute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and by two other institutions, is a descendant of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and also a forefather for the Bila Tserkva cultivars Veselka and Olesya. Veselka was released in 1997 for the forest-steppe and Olesya was released in 2001 for the forest-steppe and woodland regions of the Ukraine. The newest wheat of the Bila Tserkva Station is Perlyna Lisostepu, a three-time derivatve of Ukrainka and once from Myronivs'ka 27, was registered in 2001 for the forest-steppe and woodland regions of the Ukraine.

Institute of Sugar Beet, Kyiv. Pimenka, the only wheat created at this institue and released in 1950, is adescendant of the Myronivka wheat Ukrainka through Lutescens 17.

Former Ukrainian Institute of Socialist Plant Production, Kyiv. The two sister wheats, Kyivs'ka 11 and Kyivs'ka 12, created in 1959 and 1960, respectively, are twice derivatives of Ukrainka, directly and through Lutescens 17.

Ivanivka Experimental Plant Breeding Station in Sumy Region. At this Station between 1919-1997, 25 cultivars were created. Only three derivatives of Ukrainka, Lutescens 317 (thorough Lutescens 59 from Bila Tserkva, released in the mid 1960s) and the two progenies of Lutescens 317, Ivanivs'ka 12 and its descendant Ivanivs'ka 60 (released in 1981 and 1986, respectively), were registered. In mid 1970s, Ivanivs'ka 8 and Ivanivs'ka 46, both direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808, were created at the Ivanivka Station. The variety Okhtyrchanka (QS = 9), a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, was registered in 1978 and widely grown for nearly 20 years in some regions of the Ukraine and of the Russian Federation. In the early 1990s, through Okhtyrchanka, two descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 were developed including the cultivars Ivanivs'ka ostysta (QS = 9.5), registered in 1997, and Ivanivs'ka 19, created in 1996. The variety Sonyachna (QS = 10), a derivative of Ukrainka (through Lutescens 317 and Lutescens 59) and of Myronivs'ka 808 through Okhtyrchanka, was registered in 1996. Ivanivs'ka ostysta has been cultivated in forest-steppe region of the Ukraine since 1997.

L'viv State Agrarian University. The variety Pidgorna 24, a progeny of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17, was registered in 1961.

Ternopil State Agricultural Experimental Station. From this station Ternopil's'ka 1 was released in 1963, a descendant of Ukrainka through Erythrospermum 15.

National Agrarian University (formerly the Ukrainian Agricultural Akademia) in Kyiv. The variety Hostianum 219 was registered in 1963. Hostianum 219 is a three-time progeny of Ukrainka, once directly and once through Erythrospermum 15 and Lutescens 17. The cultivar Teremkivs'ka 10, registered in 1983, is descendant of Myronivs'ka 808.

V.V. Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Universitet. Two sister wheat varieties, Pioners'ka and Rogans'ka originated in 1976. Both are two-time progenies of Myronivs'ka 808.

Rivne State Agricultural Experimental Station. The wheats Rivnen's'ka 49, a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808, and Rivnen's'ka 88, a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Kyjanka (QS = 9), were created in 1979 and 1989, respectively.

Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics in common with Cherkasy State Agricultural Experimental Station and National Agrarian University. The cultivar Kyjanka, a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, was released in 1981.

Poltava State Agrarian Academy. Both Kolomak 3 (QS = 9) and Kolomak 5 (QS = 9) were registered in 1997. The first cultivar is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and the second is a progeny through Dniprovs'ka 846. The variety Poltavs'ka bezosta is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Zagadka 44 (QS = 9) from Krasnodar and Poltavs'ka 37 (through Dniprovs'ka 782). The wheat Poltavs'ka 42 is a progeny of Poltavs'ka 37. These varieties were created in 1982 (Poltavs'ka bezosta), 1983 (Poltavs'ka 37), and 1989 (Poltavs'ka 42). Kolomak 2 (QS = 9), a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, originated in 1996 and Ukrainka Poltavs'ka, registered in 2000, is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 by forefathers of Poltavs'ka 42, Poltavs'ka 37, Dniprovs'ka 782, and Zagadka 44. Kolomak 5 and Ukrainka Poltavs'ka, for the forest-steppe region, and Kolomak 3, for the woodland, forest-steppe, and steppe regions, continue to be cultivated in 2002.

Ternopil and Rivne State Agricultural Experimental Station in common with the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics. The cultivar Lutescens118, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Lutescens 240, was registered in 1983.

National Agrarian University in common with Chernigiv Agricultural Experimental Station. The variety Vasilek, a derivative of Ukrainka by Bilotserkivs'ka 29, Bilotserkivs'ka 198, and Erythrospermum 15 from the Verkhnjachs'ka Station, was released in 1984.

Ternopil State Agricultural Experimental Station in common with Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics and Cherkasy State Agricultural Experimental Station. The cultivar Lutescens 7 was registered in 1991 and Natalka in 1988. The both varieties are progenies of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Kyjanka.

Maslivka Agricultural Tekhnical, Kyiv Region (near Myronivka). The variety Maslivs'ka 90, released in 1990, is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Okhtyrchanka (QS = 9) from the Sumy Region.

The Steppe Region.
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Odessa. The first direct derivative of Ukrainka was the Odes'ka 1 (QS = 9) created in 1936. The first registered progeny of Ukrainka was Odes'ka 26 (1965; QS = 9) through Lutescens 17 and the second was Albatros Odeskyj (QS = 10) released in 1990. Albatros Odeskyj is a descendant of Ukrainka by parental lines Mayak and Dniprovs'ka 521. Direct derivatives of Albatros Odes'kyj are Ukrainka Odes'ka (QS = 10), Symvil Odes'kyj (QS = 9.5), and Fantazija Odes'ka (QS = 10) and its progeny Krasunya Odes'ka (QS = 10) and Viktoriya Odes'ka (QS = 9.5) registered between 1995 and 1998. Direct progeny of Albatros Odes'kyj also include Lelya (QS = 10), Nikoniya (QS = 10), Selyanka (QS = 10), Zustrich, Ljubava Odes'ka (QS = 9.5), Znakhidka Odes'ka (QS = 10), and Syrena Odes'ka (QS = 10), registered in 2000-02. Lelya also is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 from two Russian wheats from the Rostov Region through Donskaya Polukarlikovaya (QS = 9) and Severodonskaya (QS = 9).

The varieties Zoryanka Odes'ka (QS = 9.5) released in the mid 1990s and Kujal'nyk (QS = 9), Povaga (QS = 9), and Poshana (QS = 10) released in 2000s, also are progenies of the Ukrainka by Albatros odes'kyj and forefathers Mayak and Dniprovs'ka 521. The wheat Poshana also is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya. The cultivar Odes'ka 161, registered in 1995, is a descendant of the Myronivka wheat Ukrainka through the Russian variety Saratovskaya 8 and the Ukrainian cultivars Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermum 15.

The cultivar Odes'ka bezosta, released in 1960, is a progeny of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17. Descendants of the Ukrainka also include Yuzhanka through Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermum 15 (released in the 1960s), Storm by Yuzhanka (released in 1974), Mayak (released in 1977), and Arkadiya (release in 1978). Mayak and Arkadiya were bred through Dniprovs'ka 521 and Salyut odes'kyj through Odes'ka 26 and Lutescens 17.

Burevisnyk Odes'kyj (QS = 10), registered in 1985, Odes'ka Ostysta (QS = 9), registered in 1988, Bryz (QS = 10), registered in the late 1980s, Lada Odes'ka (QS = 9.5), registered in 2000, and a derivative of Bryz Luzanivka Odes'ka, released in 2001, are all derivatives of Ukrainka through Erythrospermum 127 and Vygodjans'ka 2. The wheat Odes'ka 161, released in 1991, is a progeny of Ukrainka through the two Russian wheats Saratovskaya 8 and Saratovskaya 4 and the Ukrainian wheat Bilotserkivs'ka 198.

Derivatives of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka, include Odes'ka 76, Odes'ka 120 (QS = 9.5), and Darunok (QS = 9), registered in 1979, 1986, and 1991, respectively. Direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 include Odes'ka 162 and Odes'ka 267, and Odes'ka 265, a derivative of the Myronivs'ka 808 from Odes'ka 130, were registered in 1995, 1997, and 1996, respectively. Among the descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 are Odes'ka 83 (directly; QS = 9.5); Odes'ka 130 (QS = 9.5) and Odes'ka 160 (QS = 9.5), both across line N 400; Zolotava (QS = 9), through Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya; and Mriya odes'ka, over Zaporizhs'ka 60 (QS = 9). These five were released in 1984 (Odes'ka 83), 1987 (Odes'ka 130), 1991 (Odes'ka 160), 1992 (Zolotava), and 1994 (Mriya odes'ka). The cultivar Kotovchanka, created in 1979, is a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna.

Donets'k Institute of Agroindustrial Production (formerly the Artemivka Agricultural Experimental Station). Twenty varieties from this institute were created between 1932-94, six of which were registered in 1976-97. Derivatives of Ukrainka include Lutescens 347, released in 1948; Donets'ka 74 (through Lutescens 238 and Lutescens 17), registered in 1976; and Donets'ka 74 derivatives Donets'ka 58 (through Dniprovs'ka 521 and released in 1982; QS = 9) and Donchanka 3 (which was registered in 1995; QS = 9). Donets'ka 18, released in 1979, is a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and Donets'ka 38, which is direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and Illichivka. The cultivar Donets'ka 79, a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, was registered in 1975, and descendant, Donchanka (Gnom 1), was released in 1990. Donets'ka 39 (1993) is a derivative of Ukrainka through Donets'ka 74, Lutescens 238 from Kharkiv, and Lutescens 17 from the Verkhn jachka Station of the Cherkasy Region. In the pedigree of the Donets'ka 39 also are Myronivs'ka 808 via the cultivar Okhtyrchanka from the Sumy Region.

Krym Agricultural Experimental Station. The cultivar Tavrichs'ka, a direct derivative of Ukrainka, was registered in 1961 for the steppe region of the Ukraine. The wheat Kryms'ka 8, a progeny of the Ukrainka by two Kharkiv wheats Krupnokolosa and Lutescens 238 and Lutescens 17 from Verkhnjachka Station of Cherkasy Region, was registered in 1994. Kryms'ka 5, a descedant of Myronivs'ka 808 across Kharkivs'ka 63, was released in 1987. Four cultivars were registered in 1994. Kryms'ka 12 is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808; Kryms'ka 11 is twice a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 via Kryms'ka 5 and Kharkivs'ka 63 and two Russian wheats Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya; Darena is a progeny of the Krasnodarian cultivar Spartanka (QS = 9); and Spartanka, in turn, is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 by Rostovchanka (QS = 9) and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Polukarlikovaya 49 (QS = 9) and Krynitsa.

Institute of Grain Economy in Dnipropetrovs'k. The first winter wheat cultivar Dniprovs'ka 303, a progeny of Myronivka variety Ukrainka through Novoukrainka 83, was bred in 1964. Direct progenies of Ukrainka include the cultivars Dniprovs'ka 521 and Orbita, registered in 1971 and 1974, respectively, and a progeny of Orbita, Dniprovs'ka 117, released in 1995. Descendants of Ukrainka through Dniprovs'ka 521 are varieties Astra and Veseljanka, both registered in 1976, and Dniprovs'ka 133, released in 1983. The wheat Dniprovs'ka 37, released in 1983, is derivative of Ukrainka through Dniprovs'ka 303, the Russian variety Novoukrainka 83, and Myronovs'ka 808. Three varieties, Dniprovs'ka 782, released in 1973; Dniprovs'ka 846, registered in 1980; and derivative of Dniprovs'ka 782, Dniprovs'ka 39, developed in 1984, are descendants of Ukrainka and Myronivs'ka 808. Gorizont and Dniprovs'ka 52, originated in 1974 and 1979, respectively. Both are derivatives of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. The cultivars Dniprovs'ka 33, registered in 1986, and Dniprovs'ka 167, registered in 1995, are derivatives of the Myronivs'ka 808.

Odessa Agricultural Akademia. The cultivar Vygodjans'ka 2, a derivative of Ukrainka, was bred in the 1960s and Erythrospermum 127, a progeny of Ukrainka through Vygodjans'ka 2, was registered in 1974 for the steppe region of the Ukraine.

Zaporizhzhya State Agricultural Experimental Station. Derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 from this institution are Zaporizhska 60, released in 1984, and Khortychanka, created in 1972.

Dnipropetrovs'k Agricultural Institute. Two derivatives of Myronivka wheats were released from this institute. The first was Era, which was registered in 1975 and has Myronivs'ka 264 in the pedigree, and the second was Peremoga, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Zagadka 44 and released in 1985.

Institute of Agriculture of Southern Region, Kherson. The cultivar Mriya Khersonu, a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Khersons'ka 170, was registered in 1989. Another wheat Ostysta 5, a progeny of Ukrainka through Dniprovs'ka 521, was released in 1984. Tavrijs'ka, a descendant of the Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya, was released in 1989, and Berislavka, through Kharkiv wheats Napivkarlyk 3 and Kharkivs'ka 63, was released in 1994. The varieties Khersons'ka 170 and Khersons'ka 94 are direct descendants of Myroniivs'ka and were released in 1977 and 1982, respectively. Nakhodka 7, a progeny of Ukrainka by Ostysta 5 and of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Spartanka, Krynitsa, and Polukarlikovaya 49, was created in 1988.

Other countries of the Former U.S.S.R. The Russian Federation. Central region.
Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of Central Regions Non-Black-Earth Zone, Nemchinovka of the Moskow Region. The first direct derivatives of Ukrainka, Sovetskaya 1 and Nemchinovskaya 15, a progeny of Ukrainka through Erythrospermun 15, were released in 1956. The variety Kuntsevskaya 45, the first registered progeny of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17, was released in 1960. The winter wheat Ukrainka Podmoskownaya was created by means of transfomation of Ukrainka Jarovaya (spring) from southern Kazakhstan into a winter type. Ukrainka Jarovaya, in turn, was obtained by transformation of winter wheat Ukrainka into a spring type for conditions of southern Kazakhstan. Descendants of Ukrainka through L'govskaya 873, a wheat from the Central Region of Black-Earth Belt, are Nemchinovskaya 495 and Nemchinovskaya 41, released in 1964 and 1968, respectively. The variety Nemchinovskaya 121, released in 1971, is twice a progeny of Ukrainka through both parentals lines Nemchinovskaya 15 and L'govskay 873.

Direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 include Zarya (QS = 9), registered in 1978 and widely grown in 2002 in four regions of the Russian Federation. Direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808, Raduga, PPG 5 (wheat-wheatgrass hybrid), and Odintsovskaya 75 were created in 1976-77, Moskowskya 60 in the late 1970s, and PPG 113 and Nemchinovskaya 846 in the early 1980s. The cultivar Yantarnaya 50 (QS = 9) was selected from Zarya and has been registered since 1985 in more than 15 years in two regions of Russian Federation. The varieties Nemchinovskaya 52 (QS = 9) and Nemchinovskaya 86 (QS = 9), both direct descendants of Myronivs'ka 808, were registered in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The wheat Moskowskaya nizkostebel'naya (a semidwarf; QS = 9) is an offspring of Myronivs'ka 808 and the derivative Zarya, was released in 1990. Two-time derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808, Inna (QS = 9), through Nemchinovskaya 86 and Zarya (QS = 9), and Moskowskaya 642, through Zarya and the Ukrainian wheat Okhtyrchanka, were both registered in 1991. Moskowskaya 70 (QS = 9), is a three-time descendant of Myronivs'ka 808, twice directly and once through Zarya, and Pamjati Fedina (in memory of Fedin) (QS = 9) is a three-time derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, once directly and twice through Zarya and Yantarnaya 50. Moskowskaya (QS = 9) was registered in 1991 and Pamjati Fedina in 1993. A wheat with the title 'By Name of Rapoport' was bred in Nemchinovka in common with the Institute of Physical Chemistry, is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and was registerd in 1995. The last registered Nemchinovka cultivar, Moskovskaya 39, a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808, was released in 1999.

The varieties Nemchinovskaya 25 (1992) and Nemchinovskaya 95 (1995; QS = 9), are both two-time derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808, directly and through Yantarnaya 50. The newest wheat Galina, was registered in the early 2000 is a five-time progeny of Myronivs'ka 808; three-times by Pamjati Fedina and twice by Inna.

Cultivars from this institution registered in 2002 in the northwest, central, Volgo-Vjatka, central region of Black-Earth Belt, and middle Volga Regions. The varieties Zarya (since 1978) and Inna (since 1991) have been registered in the northwest, central, Volgo-Vjatka, and central region of Black-Earth Belt regions. Moskowskaya nizkostebel'naya (a semidwarf) has been registered in the northwest, central, and central region of Black-Earth Belt regions since 1990, and Moskowskaya 70 in the central region of Black-Earth Belt since 1991. Registered in the northwest and central regions, Nemchinovskaya 52 has been registered in seven since 1990. Moskowskaya 39 was registered in the central, Volgo-Vjatka, and central region of Black-Earth Belt regions since 1999. Pamjati Fedina" has been registered in the central region since 1993, Yantarnaya 50 in the Volgo-Vjatka region since 1985, 'By name of Rapoport' in the central region since 1995, and Moskowskaya 642 in region the Vologo-Vjatka region since 1991.

Kaluga Science-Research Project-Tecnological Institute of Agro-Industrial Complex. The variety Kaluzhskaya 9, a descendant of Ukrainka through the Ukrainian cultivar Lutescens 17, was registered in 1962.

The Main Botanical Garden of Academy of Science of Russian Federation, Moskow. The cultivar Snegirevskaya 397, a derivative of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17 was created in 1965. Two direct descendants of Myronivs'ka 808, the varieties Istrinka (PPG 71) and Snegirevka (PPG 44), were released in 1978, and the wheat Snegirevskaya 8, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 by Snegirevka, was registered in 1984.

Tver' (formerly Kalinin) State Experimental Station for Rural Farming in common with Scientific-Research Institute for Rural Farming of Central Regions Non-Black-Earth Zone, Nemchinovka. The wheat Kalininskaya 11 is a derivative of Ukrainka by Lutescens 17 and was released in 1967.

Vladimir Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming, Suzdal' of Vladimir Region. The first direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 from this institution was Niva registered in 1981. The cultivar Suzdal'skaya 2, a progeny of Niva, was registered 2000. Slavjanka, a descendant of Illichivka, was bred in 1983. The newest variety Tau, also is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808.

Vladimir Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming in common with Scientific-Research Institute for Rurar Farming of Central Regions of Non-Black-Earth Zone, Nemchinovka. The wheat Sloboda (synonym Grivna) is a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 and was released in 1990.

K.A. Timirjazev Moskow Agricultural Academy. The cultivar Zvezda (QS = 10) was registered in 1992 and is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808.

Central Region of Black-Earth Belt.
A.L. Mazlumov All-Russian Science-Research Institute of Sugar-Beet and Sugar, Ramon' of Voronezh Region. The variety Ramonskaya 883, a derivative of Ukrainka, was released in 1949.

L'gov Experimental Plant Breeding Station, Kursk Region. The variety L'govskaya 873, a direct derivative of Ukrainka, and L'govskaya 77, a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, were registered in 1952 and 1981, respectively. The cultivar M-40 (released in 1947) is a descendant of Ukrainka through L'govskaya 873. The wheat L'govskaya 47 (released in 1973) is a derivative of Ukrainka by L'govskaya 873 and a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808. The varieties L'govskaya 16 and L'govskaya 64, released in 1978 and in 1979, respectively, are immediately progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. Zarjanka (L'govskaya), a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and registered in 1981, and L'govskaya 110, created in 1991, are descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 and Ukrainka through L'govskaya 47 and its forefather L'govskaya 873.

Orel Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming (formerly the Shatilovskaya Experimental Station). The cultivar Orlovskaya 7, registered in 1962, is a progeny of the Myronivka wheat Ukrainka by the variety Lisostepka 75 from the Ukrainian town of Bila Tserkva.

Belgorod State Agricultural Academy. Derivatives of Ukrainka from include the first cultivar of this institution, Belgorodskaya, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and released in 1963 and the variety Belgorodskaya opushennaya (pubescent in English) created in 1984. The wheat Belgorodskasya 5, a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, was registered in 1977 and Belgorodskaya 12, a three-time descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 through Belgorodskaya 5, Myronivs'ka 808, and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Belgorodskaya opushennaya, was released in 1997. BELNIISKH 2 and BELNIISKH 1 were created in the early 2000s and also are progenies of Myronivka wheats. BELNIISKH 2 is a derivative of Ukrainka through Erythrospermum 127 and Vygodjans'ka 2 from the Odessa Region. BELNIISKH 1 is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 by Odes'ka 120, the Russian cultivar Rostovchanka (9), and Myronivs'ka 808 through Odes'ka 130.

Tambov Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The cultivar Pervenka, created in 1964, is a descendant of Ukrainka through Erythrospermum 15. Progenies of Pervenka include Yantar' and Chakinskaya 306, both direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808. These cultivars were registered in 1973 (Yantar') and 1976 (Chakinskaya 306).

I.V. Michurin Institute for Fruit and Vegetable Production, Michurinsk of Tambov Region. The variety Michurinskaya 1, a two-time derivative of Ukrainka directly and by Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermun 15, was released in 1966. The variety Tambovitsa is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and was registered in 1984.

K.D. Glinka Voronezh State Agrarian Universitet. The variety Voronezhskaya 42 (released in 1975) is derivative of Ukrainka through Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermum 15. Both Voronezhskaya 34 (registered in 1975) and Poisk (registered in 1980) are progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. The two cultivars Volshebnitsa (released in 1980) and Voronezhskaya 17 (released in 1985) are descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. The variety
Voronezhskaya 4 was released in 1989 and is a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. A direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, Voronezhskaya 95 was released in 1997.

Kursk Experimental Point of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Industry in common with All-Russion Research Institute of Soils Protection from Erosion. The first variety Seym was released in 1976, and the cultivars Zinaidovskaya (Seym 2) and Lotos (Seym 3) were released in 1978. All three are derivatives of Ukrainka by Lutescens 17 and direct progenies of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. The cultivar Rossija, a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, originated in 1980.

V.V. Dokuchaev Scientific-Research Institute for Rural Farming of Central Regions of Black-Earth Belt, Talovaja of Voronezh Region. Both Bazalt (QS = 9) and Chernozemka 212 (QS = 9) were registered in 1993. Bazalt is a two-time descendant of Ukrainka through Albidum 114 (QS = 10) and Albidum 11 (which were registered by the Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Volga Region in Kinel') and Novoukrainka 83. Bazalt also is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Donets'ka 79. Chernozemka 212 is progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Belgorodskaya 5. Directly derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 include Chernozemka and Talovskaya created in 1976 and 1977, respectively, and Chernozemka 153 was release in 1983. Dokuchaevskaya Yuvileynaya, registered in 1991, is twice a progeny of Ukrainka, by Kinel' cultivars Al'bidum 114 and Al'bidum 11 directly and by Novoukrainka 83 and also twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Kharkivs'ka 63 and its derivative Polukarlik 1. Two cultivars have been registered since 1993; Bazalt in the Central Region of Black-Earth Belt, Middle and Low Volga Regions and Chernozemka 212 in the Ural Region.

All-Russian Research Institute of Pulse and Groat Crops, Orel region. The variety Arbatka, a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, was released in 1995.

North Caucasian Region.
North-Caucasian Science-Research Institute of Highland and Foothill Farming. Direct derivatives of Ukrainka include Gorskaya 19 (registered in 1942) and Erythrospermum 66 (created in 1949).

P.P. Luk'janenko Krasnodar Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The Myronivka cultivar Ukrainka parcipated directly in the pedigrees of Krasnodarian wheats Novoukrainka 83 (QS = 9) released in 1945 and its derivative Novoukrainka 84 released in 1953. Ukrainka, through the Ukrainian variety Lutescens 17, is used in pedigree of celebrity cultivar Bezostaya 4 (QS = 9) and progeny Bezostaya 1 (QS = 9), registered in 1954 and 1959, respectively. The variety Krasnodarskaya 70 (QS = 7) is progeny of Ukrainka by Novoukrainka 83 and Dakha (QS = 7) through the Rostov wheat Zernogradka 2 (QS = 9). Krasnodarskaya 70 and Dakha were registered in 1990 and in 1993, respectively. Deya wheat is a descendant of Ukrainka through Novoukrainka 83 and Azau is a derivative of Ukrainka through Al'batros Odes'kyj, Mayak, and Dniprovs'ka 521. The cultivars Krasnodarskaya 70, Dakha, Deya, and Azau are all progenies not only of Ukrainka, but also of other Myronivka wheats.

Between 1980 and 2000, more tha 20 derivatives of Myronivs' ka 808 were created at this institute; nine of these were registered between 1982 and 1999. Krasnodars'ka 57 (QS = 9.5), a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, was the first to be registered in 1982. This variety is a parent of Sfera (QS = 8) and Pobeda (QS = 9.5), registered in 1993 and in 1998, respectively, and two Krasnodarian lines Krasnodarskaya 57-273 and Krasnodarskaya 57-324 created in the 1980s. Krasnodarskaya 57-273 was used in the pedigree of the Yugtina (QS = 8.5), released in 1994, and Krasnodarskaya 57-324 is in the genealogies of Zimorodoc (QS = 8) registered in 1997 and Otrada (QS = 9.5) created in 1994.

Direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 are Kolos 80 (QS = 10) and Olympia (QS = 9), both registered in 1984; Rufa registered in 1994; and Rannyaya 47 (QS = 10) and Selyanka (Krasnodarskaya; QS = 10) registered in 1975 and 1999, respectively. The line Erythrospermum 12549, a direct progeny of Myronivka 808, is a source of fertility-restorer genes for cytoplasmic-male sterility. This line is found in the pedigrees of Krasnodarian cultivars Kupava (QS = 7), registered in 1998, and Rada (QS = 9) and Gorjanka (QS = 5), registered in 1991 and 1998, respectively. Olympia 2 (QS = 10), is a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 and indirectly through the wheat Balkan (QS = 9) from the former Yugoslavia, and was registered in 1990. Ejka (QS = 7), a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Polukarlikovaya was released in 1994 and Demetra, a progeny of the Myronivs'ka 808 through Severodonskaya was registered in 1997. The wheat Delta, registered in 1999, is three-time derivative of Myronivs'ka 808; once through Severodonskaya, twice through Olympia 2, and once directly through Balkan.

Progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 include Nak, through the Krasnodarian wheat Una (QS = 10) and Novosadska Rana 2 from former Yugoslavia, and Aliza, twice through Olympia 2 and directly through Balkan. These two varieties was registered in 1997 (Nak) and 1998 (Novosadska Rana 2). The very precocious wheat Uskorjanka is twice a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 by Yugtina through Krasnodarskaya 57 directly and through Donskaya Polukarlicovaya by Severodonskaya (QS = 9). The cultivar Uskorjanka inherited the precocious habit from the Bulgarian variety Rusalka through the Russian wheats Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Yugtina and also from the South Koreaan cultivar Geurumil. Krasnodarskaya 99 also is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Severodonskaya. The wheats Uskorjanka and Krasnodarskaya 99 were bred in 1999 and 2000, respectively.

The wheat Murat is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 by two Russian wheats Rostovchanka (QS = 9) and Severodonskaya and was registered in 1997, and the variety Rada, also a descendant of these parents, was created in 1991.

The variety Myronivs'k a Yuvileyna is part of the pedigrees of Krasnodarian cultivar Krynitsa, created in the 1980s, and its progenies Spartanka and derivaive Skifjanka and the variety Ofeliya (QS = 9.5). These lines were registered in 1988 (Spartanka ), 1992 (Skifjanka ), and 1996 (Ofeliya). Nika Kubani, created in 1992, is an offspring of Krynitsa. Myronivs'ka 264 was used in the genealogy of Krynitsa and numerous descendants.

The wheat Spartanka (QS = 9), a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka, Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, Polukarlikovaya 49, and Krynitsa, was registered in 1988 in some regions of the Russian Federation and the Ukraine. Direct derivatives of the Spartanka include Skyfianka (1992; QS = 7), Ekho (1997; QS = 10), and Kroshka (1997; QS = 10), and Lad, Naslednitsa (QS = 9), and Starshina, which were developed in 1995, 1998, and 2000, respectively. Progenies of Skifjanka include the wheats Pobeda 50 (QS = 9.5), registered in 1998, and the intermediate wheat Jara (QS = 9.5), created in 1997. Twice descendants of Skifjanka, Fisht and Verna were registered in 1999.

The wheat Novokubanka, created in 1994, is twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808; once by Okhtyrchanka and once by Polukarlikovaya 49 and the parental line Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. The cultivar Kupava (QS = 7), registered in 1998, is a four-time derivative of Myronivka wheats Myronivs'ka 264 by the Rostovchanka, twice through Myronivs'ka 808 by Severodonskaya and Erythrospermum 12549 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Polukarlikovaya 49.

The variety Terchanka (QS = 6) was created in 1998 and is a four-time progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 over Rostovchanka, Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya Bezostaya, and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Polukarlikovaya 49. Myronivs'ka 264, through Rostovchanka, twice by Myronivs'ka 808 by Okhtyrchanka and Russian variety Severodonskaya, and also Ukrainka and Myronivs'ka 808 through Dniprovs'ka 846, was used in pedigree of the five-time derivative of Goryanka and was registered in 1998.

The more widely grown, Krasnador cultivars among the derivatives of Myronivka wheats from are the varieties Bezostaya 4 and Bezostaya 1. Bezostaya 1, registered in 1959, nearly 45 years later is registered for the steppe region of the Ukraine and in north Caucasian and in Lower Volga Regions of the Russian Federation. Spartanka and Skyfjanka, registered in 1988 and 1992, respectively, were grown in the southern Russian Federation and in the forest-steppe and steppe regions of the Ukraine, Transcaucasia, and middle Asia countries on nearly 2 x 10^6^ ha in 2000. In 2002, these cultivars are registered in North-Caucasian Region of the Russion Federation. Skifjanka also is registered in the steppe region of the Ukraine. Yuna has been widely grown in the southern Russian Federation, the forest-steppe and steppe of the Ukraine, and in middle Asia since 1992. The cultivars Zhirovka, Kroshka, and Pobeda 50 have been wide spread in the Krasnodar Territory since 1998. In 2002 in the North-Caucasian Region, the cultivars Dakha, Demetra, Ejka, Krasnodarskaya 90, Leda, Rufa, and Yugtina were registered between 1993-95; Del'ta, Zimorodoc, Kupava, Murat, Ofeliya, Umanka, and Ekho between 1996-99; and Russa and Lira between 2000-01. The Krasnodarian variety Yuna has been registered in the North-Caucasian and Lower-Volga Regions for more than 10 years, since 1992.

Stavropol Science-Research Institute of Rural Farming. Direct descendants of the Myronivka wheat Ukrainka include Stavropol cultivars Hybrid 491 and Hybrid 343, which were released since 1950 and 1957, respectively. Starnad 1 is twice a progeny of Ukrainka by Stavropol'skaya 4, Hybrid 491, and Hybrid 343, and once by Myronivs'ka 808 through Yuna and Novosadska Rana 2. Starnad 1 has been registered since 2000 in North-Caucasian Region of the Russian Federation. Erythrospermum 161 and Erythrospermum 162, both direct derivatives of Ukrainka, were created in 1941. Stavropol'skaya 4, twice a descendant of Ukrainka through Hybrid 491 and Hybrid 343, was released more than 20 years later in 1962, and Edisseyskaya 9, a direct derivative of the Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, was registered 25 years later in 1987. The cultivar Deminskaya, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 by Tarasovskaya 29 (QS = 9), was created in 1991.

All-Russian Institute of Breeding and Seed Production of Sorghum and Other Grain Crops (formerly the Zernograd Breeding Station), Zernograd of Rostov Region. The first derivatives of Myronivka wheats include Rostovchanka (QS = 9), a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264; Zernogradka 2 (QS = 9), a descendant of Ukranika by Novoukrainka 83, registered in 1973 and 1980, respectively. The next Zernograd varieties were Urozhajnaya (QS = 9), registered in 1982 and twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808; and Donskaya bezostaya (QS = 9), a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 and registered in 1983.

The varieties Donskaya Poluintensivnaya (half intensive; QS = 9) is twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, and Donskaya Intensivnaya (QS = 9) is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya. Both cultivars were created in 1984. Zernogradka 3 (QS = 9) and its descendant Don 95 (QS = 9) are derivatives of Myronivs'ka 264 by Donskaya Bezostaya and twice derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Bezostaya and Severodonskaya. Zernogradka 3 was created in 1984 and Don 95 was registered in 1998.

Don 85 (QS = 9) is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808, and Kolos Dona (QS = 9) is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 and twice a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 through Urozhajnaya (QS = 9). These lines were registered in 1990 (Don 85) and 1993 (Kolos Dona). Three cultivars, Don 93 (QS = 9), a derivative of Ukrainka through Novoukrainka 83 and of Myronivs'ka 808 by Severodonskaya; Zernogradka 9 (QS = 9), a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka and twice a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Bezostaya; and Podarok Donu (QS = 9), a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 directly and twice by Severodonskaya and once directly and through Donskaya Polukarlikovaya, were registered between 1997-99. The wheat Stanichnaya, created in 1999, is twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 directly and once by Donskaya Polukarlikovaya. Don Simb, bred in 1993 in collaboration with Ul'yanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture is twice a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 (The town of Ul'yanovsk in the past was named Simbirsk).

Among the three cultivars registered since 2000, Donskoy Mayak (QS = 9) is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya Bezostaya; Dar Zernograda (QS = 9) is a four-time progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, twice directly and twice through Kolos Dona; and Kolos Dona (QS = 9) is a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 and twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Urozhaynaya. The wheat Zernogradka 10 (QS = 9), registered in 2001, is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264, and of Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Bezostaya and sib lines. Ermak, registered in 2001, is a one-time derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 and a four-time derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through two Zernograd varieties, twice by Donskaya poluintensivnaya, once by Donshchina, and once through the Krasnodarian wheat Olympia.

The semidwarf wheat Donskaya Polukarlikovaya is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Severodonskaya and was registered in 1983 in the Ukraine and in the Russian Federation. The semidwarf cultivars Donchshina (QS = 9), Zernogradka 6 (QS = 9), Zernogradka 8 (QS = 9), and Donskaya Yubileynaya (QS = 9) were registered between 1992-94. All four wheats are twice derivatives of Myronivs'ka 264 by Rostovchanka and Donskaya Bezostaya and twice progeny of the Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Donskaya Bezostaya (sibs of Donskaya Bezostaya Line 560-76 only were used in the pedigree of Zernogradka 6). Rostovchanka 2 (QS = 9), registered in 1994, is a one-time derivative of Donskaya Bezostaya and twice of Donskaya Polukarlikovaya. The varieties Zarnitsa (QS = 9) (Zernogradskaya) and Stanichnaya were both released in 1999. Zarnitsa is a three-time progeny of Myronivs'ka 808; once by Severodonskaya and twice by Donskaya Polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya.

The semidwarf cultivars Donskoy Sjurpriz (QS = 9) and Zernogradka 11 (QS = 9) were registered in 2000. In pedigree of Donskoy Sjurpriz are Line 560-76 (a sib of Donskaya Bezostaya), Zernogradka 3, Zernogradka 8, Myronivs'ka 264 (used three times), and Myronivs'ka 808 (used eight times). The variety Zernogradka 11 has 11 uses of Myronivka wheats; five times with Myronivs'ka 264 and six times with Myronivs'ka 808 through the parents of Line 208-72, Donskaya Polukarlikovaya, Donshchina, and Zernogradka 6. We concluded that Myronis'ka 264 and Myronivka 808 are used more often in pedigrees of wheat culivars developed in Zernograd than in those of the other institutions, whereas Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna was not included in the pedigrees of Zernograd wheats.

Zernograd cultivars were widely grown in three regions of the Russion Federation in 2002. In the Central Region of Black-Earth Belt, the North-Caucasian, and Lower Volga Regions are registered Donskaya Bezostaya since 1983, Don 85 since 1990, and Don 93 since 1997. Donshchina, Zernogradka 8, Don 95, Dar Zernograda, Donskoy Mayak, Ermak, and Zernogradka 10 were registered between 1992-2001 for the North-Caucasian and Lower Volga Regions. Donskaya Yubileynaya, registered since 1994, and Zernogradka 9 and Podarok Donu, registered since 1998 and 1999, respectively are only for the North-Caucasian Region. The varietiy Donskaya Polukarlikovaya has been registered for the forest-steppe and woodland regions of the Ukraine since 1985 and Zernogradka 8 and Rostovchanka 2 for the steppe region since 1994.

Prikumsk Branch of Stavropol' Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The wheats Prikumskaya 36 (QS = 9), a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, and Prikumskaya 110, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka, were registered in 1976 and 2001, respectively. Prikumskaya 40 is a direct descendant of the Myronivs'ka 808 and Prikumskaya 79 is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. Both were created in the mid 1970s. Prikumskaya 98 and Prikumskaya 986, derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 through Prikumskaya 36 were released in 1989.

Severo-Donetskaya (North Donetsk by English) State Agricultural Experimental Station, Tarasovka of Rostov Region. Among 18 cultivars bred at this station in 1957-2001, 16 are progenies of Myronivka wheats. Nine Severodonetsk wheats were or are widely registered in the Russia Federation and the Ukraine and two varieties are being studied in the State Variety Trials.

Severodonskaya is a widely grown derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and has been registered since 1977 for more than 20 years in many regions of the Russion Federation. The variety Tarasovskaya 29, a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna directly and of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka, was registered in 1981 and for more than 20 years in the Central Region of Black-Earth Belt, North-Caucasian, and Low-Volga Region of the Russion Federation and for nearly 20 years in the Ukraine, since 1982.

The cultivar Severodonskaya 5 (QS = 9) is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka and Ukrainka through Bilotserkivs'ka 47, Bilotserkivs'ka 21 polipshena, Bilotserkivs'ka 21, Bilotserkivs'ka 198, and Erythrospermum 15. Severodonskaya 12 (QS = 9) is a derevative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Tarasovskaya 29 and of Myronivs'ka 264 through Tarasovskaya 29 and Rostovchanka. Tarasovskaya 97 (QS = 9) is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna by the parents of Spartanka. In the pedigree of Tarasovskayaostistaya (QS = 9) are found Myronivs'ka 264, through Tarasovskaya 29; Rostovchanka; Ukrainka through Al'batros Odes'kyj; Mayak; and Dniprovs'ka 521. The genealogical tree of Rosinka Tarasovskaya includes Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya polukarlikovaya and Severodonskaya and Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Donskaya Bezostaya. The variety Prestizh (QS = 9) is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808; once by Severodonskaya, twice by Urozhaynaya, and by Ukrainka through Al'batros Odes'kyj, Mayak, and Dniprovs'ka 521.

Severodonskaya 5 and Severodonskaya 12 were registered in 1991 and 1996, respectively, and Tarasovskaya ostistaya and Rosinka Tarasovskaya were registered in 2001 for the North-Caucasian Region. Since 2001, Tarasovskaya 97 has been registered in the Central Region of Black-Earth Belt and Prestizh in the Central-Chernozem and Low-Volga Regions.

Both Severodonskaya 2 (QS = 9) and Tarasovskaya 61 (QS = 9) were created in 1983 and are descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 through Severodonskaya. Tarasovskaya intensivnaya (QS = 9), a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 by Rostovchanka and Myronivs'ka 808 and Severodonskaya immunnaya, originated in 1983. Tarasovskaya 84 (bred in 1987) is derivative of Ukrainka through Zernogradka 2 and Novoukrainka 83. Tarasovskaya 89 (bred in 1991) is a progeny through Tarasovskaya 29 of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna directly and of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka. Severodonskaya 14, created in 1995, is a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808.

The cultivars Rodnik and Severodonskaya Yubileynaya were created in 2001. Rodnik is a three-time descendant of Ukrainka; twice through Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermum 15 and once through Bilotserkivs'ka 21 polipshena (improved), also a derivative of Bilotsekivs'ka 198. Rodnik also is a progeny of Donskaya Yubilejnaya. Also present in the pedigree are Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya Polukarlikovaya; Severodonskaya; Myronivs'ka 264; and Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Bezostaya. The pedigree of Severodonskaya Yubileynaya includes four Myronivka wheats; Ukrainka through Albatros Odes'kyj, Mayak, and Dniprovs'ka 521; Myronivs'ka 264 by Tarasovskaya 29 and Rostovchanka; Myronivs'ka 808 from Krasnodarskaya 57; and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna also through Tarasovskaya 29.

P.P. Luk'janenko Krasnodar Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming in common with the Karabach Science-Experimental Baze of Institute of Genetic and Breeding in Azerbaijan. The cultivar Birlyk (Dostlug), a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Polukarlikovaya 49, was registered in 1989.

P.P. Luk'janenko Krasnodar Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming in common with the Prikumsk Branch of Stavropol' Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The variety Prikumskaya 140, created in 2000, is a derivative of Spartanka with Krinitsa, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Polukarlikovaya 49, in the pedigree.

Middle Volga Region.
P.N. Konstantinov Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Volga-Region, Kinel' of Samara Region. The cultivar Al'bidum 11, twice a derivative of Ukrainka directly and through Novoukrainka 83, was released in 1969; Al'bidum 114, a descendant of Al'bidum 11 released in 1973, and Kinel'skaya 4 (QS = 9), twice a derivaive of Ukrainka through Al'bidum 114 and a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 was registered in 1985.

Botany Institute of Kazan' State University. The wheat Stolbishchenskaya was created in 1969 and is a derivative of Ukrainka through Novoukrainka 83.

Ulyanovsk Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming ("Selektsiya" Ltd). The first progeny of Myronovka wheats at this institution was Ul'janovskaya 76, a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, was created in 1977. In 1997 after 20 years, the variety Volzhskaya 6, a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 through Kinel'skaya 4 and twice a derivative of Ukrainka directy and by Novoukrainka 83, was registered. Volzskaya 100, registered in 1999, and also Volzhskaya N and Volzhskaya Z, registered in 2000, are all descendants of Kharkivs'ka 92. Volzhskaya Z is a progeny of three Myronivka wheats with QS = 9; Myronivs'ka 264, Myronivs'ka 808, and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Kharkivs'ka 90. The wheat Volzhskaya K, created in 2000, is twice a derivative of Ukrainka by Al'bidum 114 and Albidum 11 and also a direct decendant of Myronivs'ka 808 by Kinel'skaya 4.

N.M. Tulaykov Samara (former Kujbyshev) Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The cultivar Malakhit, a derivative of Myronivka Ukrainka through Ukrainian varieties Albatros Odes'kyj, Mayak, and Dniprovs'ka 521, was registered in 2000 for the Middle-Volga Region. Stremnina is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and was released in 1986; Bezenchukskaya ostistaya, a descendant of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna by Ershovskaya 8, was released in 1989; and Samaryanka, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya Bezostaya, was released in 1997.

Tatarstan Science-Research Institute for Research Farming in common with State Unitary Enterprise Science-Production Association "Niva Tatarstana" of breeder E.F. Ionov. Meshinskaya, a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, was registered in 1989. The cultivars Meshinskaya 2, Meshinskaya 3, and Kazanskaya 560, all progenies of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Meshinskaya, were registered in 1992, 1995, and 1999, respectively. Dustlyk wheat, a derivative of Ukrainka through Albidum 114 was released in 1995.

N.M. Tulaykov Samara (formerly Kujbyshev) Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming in common with P.P. Luk'janenko Krasnodar Science-Research Institute for Rular Farming. The cultivar Kujbyshevka, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 by Rostovchanka and Myronivs'ka 808 by Rannjaja 47 was registered in 1989 in Kazakhstan.

Lower Volga Region.
Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of South-East Region, Saratov. The sole registered derivatve of Myronivka wheats from this institution is Saratovskaya 90 (synonym Saratovskaya 12; QS = 9) registered in 1995. Twice a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 10 and once of Ukrainka, Saratovskaya 90 also has Saratovskaya Yubilejnaya and the Ukrainian wheat Lutescens 17 in its pedigree.

Saratovskaya Yubilejnaya was created in 1963 and is a progeny of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17. Saratovskaya 8 (registered in 1976) is a descendant of Ukrainka through the Ukrainian wheats Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and Erythrospermum 15. The cultivar Saratovskaya 11, bred 10 years later in 1986, is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and twice a progeny of Ukrainka through Al'bidum 114 and Al'bidum 11. The Saratov wheat Lutescens 15 is twice a progeny of Ukrainka by Saratovskaya Yuvileyna and the Ukrainian wheat Lutescens 17, and once by Dniprovs'ka 521. Lutescens 15 also is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808. The wheat Saratovskaya ostistaya, registered in 1995, was selected from Lutescens 15 (twice a derivative of Ukrainka). Viktoria 95, registered in 1998, is a two-time progeny of Ukrainka by Lurescens 15 and twice of Myronivs'ka 808 by Odintsovskaya 75 from Moskow Region. The variety Guberniya, released in 1999, is three-times a direct progeny of the Myronivka wheat Illichivka.

Ershov Experimental Station for Irrigated Agriculture of the Saratov Region. The cultivar Ershovskaya 10, a derivative of two Volga-Region wheats Albidum 114 and Ershovskaya 8, was registered in 1995. Ershovskaya 10 is twice a descendant of Ukrainka directly and through Novoukrainka 83 by Al'bidum 114 and Al'bidum 11 and a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna by Ershovskaya 8 (bred in 1980). The wheat Ershovskaya 11, registered in 1996, is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 by Zarya and twice a progeny of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 by Donskaya Bezostaya from the Rostov Region.

N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agricultural Academy. The cultivar Lutescens 72 (QS = 9) is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna was registered in 1988 for the Lower-Volga Region.

Ershov Experimental Station for Irrigated Agriculture in common with Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of South-East Region. Levoberezhnaya, created in 2000, is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 264 and Myronivs'ka 808 through Donskaya Bezostaya.

Kalmykiya Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming in common with P.P. Lukjanenko Krasnodar Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The wheat Yakushljanka, a derivative of two Krasnodarian wheats Spartanka and it forefather Krinitsa, originated in 2000. In the pedigree of Krinitsa, two Myronivka wheats were used, Myronivs'ka 264 through Rostovchanka and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through the Krasnodarian variety Polukarlikovaya 49.

Ural Region.
Kurgan Science-Research Institute of Grain Economy. The cultivars Kurganskaya ozimaya 1 (winter) is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and Erythrospermum 52 is a direct progeny of a spontaneous hybrid of Myronivs'ka 808 were registered in 1985 and 1987, respectively.

Bashkotorstan Research Institute for Rural Farming and Field Crop Breeding. A direct derivative of the winter wheat Myronivs'ka 808, Lutescens 9 was registered in 1993.

Western Siberian Region.
Instiute of Cytology and Genetic in common with Siberian Institute of Physiology and Biochemia, Novosibirsk. The cultivars Kulundinka, Bagrationovskaya, Zalarinka, and Novosibirskaya 32 are progenies of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna; Irkutskaya ozimaya (winter type) of llichivka; and Pamjati Belyaeva (Memory of Belyaev) of Illichivka and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. All six varieties of this institution were released in the second half of the 1990s.

Siberian Scientific-Research Institure of Rural Farming, Omsk. The wheat Omskaya 4 (QS = 9) was bred in 1996 and is a descendant of the cultivar Myronivs'ka 25.

Altay Science-Research Institute of Agriculture and Breeding of Agricultural Crops in common with the Siberian Science-Research Institute of Rural Farming. A derivative of Illichivka, the variety Zhatva Altaya was created in 1996.

Instiute of Cytology and Genetic in common with Altay Science-Research Institute of Rural Farming and Breeding of Agricultural Crops. The cultivar Altayskaya ozimaya, a progeny of Myronovs'ka 808 and Illichivka, was registered in the early 2000s.

Moldovia.
Moldova Science-Research Institute of Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnik of Field Crops. Between 1959-1987, five cultivars were registered from this institute, all progenies of Ukrainian wheats. Bel'tskaya 39 is derivative of Ukrainka directly and was registered in 1959. Gloria, twice a progeny of Ukrainka, directly and through Novoukrainka 84 and Novoukrainka 83, was registered in 1970. Glyia, registered in 1979, is a descenant of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. Belchanka 4, released in 1983 (synonym of MK 82-04), is from Illichivka. Bel'chanka 6 is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and was registered in 1987.

Chishenau Agricultural Academy. Direct derivatives of Myronovka wheats include Kriulen' 12, from Myronivs'ka 264 and released in 1970 and Kishinevskaya ostistaya (synonym Kishinevskaya 101) and Kishinevskaya 102, both from Myronivs'ka 808, released in 1972.

Faleshty Agricultural Experimental Station. Faleshtskaya 3, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808, was released in 1980.

Lithuania.
Lithuania Science-Experimental Institute of Agriculture (formerly the Dotnuva State Breeding Station). The cultivar Muras, a derivative of Ukrainka), through Lisostepka 75, was registered in 1958, and Shirvinta 1, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna (9), was registered in 1989.

Stende Agricultural Experimental Station of Lithua Science-Experimental Institute of Agriculture. Direct derivatives of Myroniva'ka 808 and Illichivka include Stende released in 1982.

Belarus.
Belarus' Sciente-Research Institute of Agriculture and Forage. Among the direct progenies of Myronivs'ka 808 are Berezina and Nadzeya that were registered in 1985 and 1987, respectively, and Suzorje, a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 through Berezina, registered in 1992. The cultivars Sojuz 50 and Zarnitsa, both direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, were created in 1973 and 1978, respectively. Bylina and Karavay, which were released in 1998, are progenies of Myronivs'ka 808; Bylina through Nadzeya and Karavay through Berezina.

Grodno Agricuctural Institute. The cultivar Prinemanskaya 11 is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and was released in 1987.

Georgia.
Mtskheta Plant Breeding Station. Kartuli 18, a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, was registered in 1981.

Armenia.
Armenia Institute of Agriculture. The cultivars Graecum 24, Sevan 40, and Akunki, all three direct descendants of Ukrainka, were registered in 1946, 1962, and 1972, respectively.

Armenia Institute of Plant Protection. Derivatives of Ukrainka are cultivars Martuk and Altuk released in 1952 and 1956, respectively.

Leninakan State Plant Breeding Station. Direct descendants of the Ukrainka include Almagarit, registered in 1960, and two progeny lines Zepjur and Armaveni (synonym Aragaz 1). Both cultivars were released in 1971. The wheat Akhurjansckaya 1 is a progeny of Ukrainka by Novoukrainka 83. Leninakanskaya 5, released in 1978, is direct deriva-tive of Ukrainka and Myronivs'ka 808.

Kazakhstan.
V.R. Wiliams Kazakhstanian Science-Research Institute of Agriculture. A direct derivative of Ukrainka, Hybrid 57 was registered in 1963. Zhalyn' and Almaly, the both progenies of Ukrainka by Dniprovs'ka 521, were released in 1984 and 1986, respectively. Zhetysu, twice a descendant of Ukrainka by Kharkivs'ka 38, was released in 1988.

Kazakhstanian Agricultural Academia. The variety Lutescens 12, a derivative Ukrainka by Lutescens 17 was registered in 1964. The descendants of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17 include Dzhungarskaya and Erythrospermum 10, both registered in 1959, Predgornaya 26 registered in 1979, Milturum 23 registered in 1985, and Albidum 8 registered in 1998. Only the variety Semirechenskaya, released in 1963, is a two-time derivative of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17 and Erythrospermum 15.

Institute of Botany of Academia Science of Kazakhstan. The cultivar AN 10 (T. durum) is derivative of Ukrainka through Bilotserkivs'ka 198 and was registered in 1974.

Former Karabalyk department of V.N.Remeslo Institute of Wheat. Komsomol'skaya 56 (synonym Kustanajskaya) was registered in Kazakhstan in 1989. This wheat is four-times a progeny of three Myronivka wheats including Myronivs'ka 264, Myronivs'ka 808, and twice by Myronivs'ka 10.

Kirghyzstan.
Kirghyz Science-Research Institute of Agriculture. Erythrospermum 72, bred in 1948, is direct derivative of Ukrainka.

Tajikistan.
Tajik Science Research Institute of Agriculture. The cultivars Navruz (in English, New Day), registered in 1982, and Gul'dfast, released in 1982, are derivatives of the winter wheat Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna.

European Countries.
France.
The French cultivar Renan (QS = 10; 2*.7+8.5+10) released in 1989, is one of the most western derivatives of Myronivs'k a 808 in west European winter wheats. The excellent quality of all HMW-glutenin subunits in Myronivs'ka 808 are with those of Maris Huntsman (QS = 4; N.6+8.2+12) with bad quality of all three glutenin subunits, and the French wheat Moisson (QS = 6; N.7+8.2+12) with two of three subunits with bad quality) are in the pedigree of Renan. High-quality glutenin subunits in Renan are from Myronivs'ka 808 only. The cultivars Open, Louvre, Amelio, and Eureka also are progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. These cultivars were released in France between 1987 and 1991.

Germany.
German derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 include Miras, Faktor, Mikon, and Ramiro (all four with QS = 9) were bred jointly by GmbH Hadmersleben and V.N. Remeslo Institute of Wheat in Myronivka. These cultivars were released in Germany between 1984-89. In pedigrees of Miras and Ramiro also is Bezostaya 1. The varieties Myrleben (QS = 7) and Myrhad (QS = 5) were selected by this same joint program. Hybrid combinations were received in Germany and selections were completed in Myronivka. Myrleben and Myrhad were registered in the Ukraine in 1993 and 2000, respectively, but Myrhard (pedigree HDM 5355-80/Apscol), probably was not bred from Myronivka wheats. The new German variety Lars is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Ramiro.

Poland.
The varieties Emika, Gama, Ilawska, Kobra, Nike, and Rada are all direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808. The wheat Aleta is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 by Emika and Korweta by Gama. The cultivar Lanca is a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 through the Balarus' wheat Nadzeya, and the varieties Toba and Wilga are offspring of Lanca. The variety Juma is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, and the wheat Elena is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through line SMH 1320 and Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through line STH 12602.

Former Yugoslavia.
Among cultivars bred in the former Yugoslavia between 1975-2000, Novosadska Rana 1 (registered in 1975), Novosadska Rana 2 (registered in 1975), Novosadska Rana 3 (registered in 1977), and Novosadska Rana 4 (registered in 1978) are direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808. The variety Sidanka, registererd in 1976, is a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Lutescens 7 and Kyjanka. Balkan T1BS·1RL (QS = 9), registered in 1980, is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808. The cultivars Nova Posavka and Pancevka are derivatives of Mytonivs'ka 808 through Novosadska Rana 2 and Lastais a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna. All three of these wheats were registered in 1987. The varieties Novosadska Rana 5 (registered in 1991) and the progeny Dicna (registered in 1992) are both descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 by Novosadska Rana 1. Two wheats are descendents by Novosadska Rana 2, Evropa 90 (released in 1990) and Russija (registered in 1993). The cultivars Pobeda (registered in 1990), Lira (registered in 1994), and Pesma (registered in 1995) are derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 through Balkan. Stamena (registered in 1998) is a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna by Lasta. The newest variety from former Yugoslavia registered in 2000 is Sonata, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Kharkivs'ka 77 and its parent Kharkivs'ka 63.

Hungary.
In 1974-2000 in Hungary, 24 varieties that are descendants of Ukrainian wheat Myronivs'ka 808 were bred. Among these are cultivars MV 4 (QS = 9), MV 5 (QS = 9), MV 9 (QS = 9), and MV 12 (QS = 9) and derivatives MV Emese and MV 15 T1BS·1RL and MV 20 T1BS·1RL are direct progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. The wheats MV 23 T1BS·1RL and MV Koma are descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 through MV 5, MV 16 T1BS·1RL (QS = 8.5) through MV 4, and MV Optima through MV 5 and MV 9. The wheat Myronivs'ka 808 was used in the pedigrees of the cultivars MV Emma, MV Palma, MV Sigma, MV Vilma, and MV Matador, and also twice in MV Irma through MV 15. The varieties MV Martina and MV Summa are progenies of the Ukrainian cultivar Myronivs'ka 808 by MV 17 T1BS·1RL through the Czech wheat Slavia. The variety MV 18 is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Rannjaja 47, and MV Dalma through Balkan.

The two Myronivka wheats Myronivs'ka 808 through MV 17 and Illichivka through the Slovakian cultivar Viginta (QS = 7) are parents of MV Madrigal. Three Mironivka wheats are in the pedigrees of many new (registered since 2001) Hungarian cultivars including MV Mariska, through Russian cultivars from Krasnodar; Delta, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through the Russian wheat Severodonskaya; and Spartanka, throgh Krinitsa, a progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna by Polukarlikovaya 49 and Myronivs'ka 264 through the Rusian cultivar Rostovchanka. The Hungarian variety MV Magdalena is a descendant of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, MV 21 a direct progeny, and MV Madrigal a derivative of Illichivka through the Slovakian variety Viginta (QS = 7). The cultivars MV Magdalena, MV Emma, MV Palma, and MV Vilma are the varieties registered for the largest production area.

Czech Republic.
Thirty-seven winter wheats were bred in the Czech Republic between 1976-2001. These wheat are derivatives of four Myronivka cultivars Myronivs'k a 808, registered in the former Czechoslovakia in 1968; Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, registered in 1971; Illichivka, registered in 1974; and Myronivs'ka nyz'korosla, registered in 1979). Among winter wheat varieties registered in 1976-85, Slavia (QS = 6), Hela, Mirela, Vala (QS = 4), and Hana (QS = 7) are direct descendants of Myronivs'ka 808. Cultivars bred from 1985-95 include Selekta (QS = 6), through Slavia; Sparta (QS = 6), Sofia T1BS·1RL (QS = 6), and Senta T1BS·1RL (QS = 7) through Stupice 933-74; Vega (QS = 8) through Hana; Asta (QS = 6.5) through the Ukrainian wheat Okhtyrchanka; and Alka (QS = 6) through Hana, are progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. Cultivars registered in 1996-2000 include Nella, through Selekta, and the four varieties Alana, Brea, Vlasta, and Sulamit (through Hana) also are descendants of Myronivs'ka 808.

Juna (QS = 6),Odra, Regina (QS = 7), Mara (registered between 1979-84), and Saskia (QS = 4) (registered in 1996) are direct progenies of cultivar Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, and Alka (1994), by Hana; Bruta (1995), through Mara; Siria (1994; QS = 7) and Samara (1995; QS = 5.5), both through Regina; and Ina (1997) are twice derivatives of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna through Regina and Hana.

The cultivar Mona (selection name UH-Mi 61a) with a QS = 9 was registered in the Czech Republic in 1994. Mona was selected from Myronivka hybrid combination 'Illichivka/Germany line 6508-74', and this variety is a sib of the Myronivs'ka 61, which was registered in 1989 by the Institute of Wheat in Myronivka in the Ukraine and in the Russian Federation. In the late 1990s, a winter wheat with the German name Hannover and with a pedigree the same as Ukrainian variety Myronivs'ka 61 and Mona was registered for cultivation in Canada. We do not understand this problem.

The Czech varieties Runeta (registered in 1996) and Niagara (released in 1999) are derivatives of Illichivka through Viginta. The cultivars Samanta (QS = 8) and Saskia (QS = 4), which were registered in 1993 and 1996, respectively, and the variety Banquet, registered in 2001, are twice derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 by Hana and Illichivka by Viginta. The cultivar Sarka (registered in 1996) is twice a derivative of Myronivs'ka nyz'korosla, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 10. The new Czech variety Svitana (registered in 2001) is twice a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, through Hana and Okhtyrchanka and a one-time progeny Illichivka through Viginta.

Slovakia.
Derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 include the cultivars Amika, Branka T1BS·1RL (QS = 9), and Ilona (QS = 9) (the last two through Amica) wre registered in the 1980s; Vlada (QS = 9) and Torisa (QS = 6) (through Vala) were registered in the early 1990s. The only progeny of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna is Bruta T1BS·1RL (QS = 6) through Mara. The cultivar Viginta, registered in 1984, is a progeny of Illichivka. Five progenies of Viginta, Barbara (QS = 8), Blava (QS = 7), Rexia (QS = 9), Astella (QS = 9), and Solida (QS = 9), registered between 1992-95, and Salara, released in 1998, also are descendants of Illichivka through Viginta. Boka (QS = 7), registered in 1995, is twice a derivative of Myronivka wheat Myronivs'ka 808 throgh Slavia, and Selekta (QS = 6) from Illichivka through Viginta.

North and South American Countries.
Canada.
The cultivar Lennox, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808, was registered in the province of Ontario in 1975, and its progeny Bordan, was registered on Prince Edward Island in 1984. The varieties AC Carrier and AC Winsloc are progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Lennox. AC Carrier was registered for Ontario and AC Winsloc for Prince Edward Island in the 1990s.

Chile.
The varieties Panadero Baer and AS Baer are both direct progenies of Myronivs'ka 808 registered in 1977 and 1983, respectively.

Spring Wheats. Progenies of Myronivka wheats in different countries of the world.
The Ukraine forest-steppe region.

V.M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat (the Myronivka Breeding Station prior to 1968). Spring wheats that are progenies of the winter wheat Myronivs'ka 808 include Myronivs'ka Jara (QS = 9) and Myronivchanka (QS = 9) registered in 1978 and 1999, respectively. The wheats Myronivs'ka 5 (QS = 7), twice a derivative of Myronivs'ka Jara, and Myronivs'ka Krupnozerna (QS = 10), a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808, were released in the mid 1980s. Elegiya Myronivs'ka, a progeny of Myronivs'ka 40, was released in 2000. Myronivs'ka Jara has been registered for the forest-steppe and woodland regions of the Ukraine in 1978 for nearly 25 years and for the eastern Siberian and far eastern regions of the Russian Federation for nearly 20 years. Myronivchanka has been registered in the forest-steppe region since 1999.

Ivanivka Experimental Plant Breeding Station, Okhtyrka of Symy Region. The spring wheat Jaroslavna, a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, was registered in 1978.

V.Ya. Yur'ev Institute for Plant Production. Two spring wheats Kharkivs'ka 12 (QS = 9), a direct descendant of Myronivs'ka 808, and Kharkivs'ka 22 (QS = 9), a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through the spring wheat Lugans'ka 4, were registered in 1991 and 1995, respectively.

Institute of Forages. The spring wheat Katjusha (QS = 7) is a deivative of Myronivs'ka Jara and was registered in 1996 for the forest-steppe region.

Steppe Region.
Lugans'k Institute of Agro-Industrial Production. The spring wheats Lugans'ka 4 (QS = 9) and Lugans'ka 3 are both direct progenies of Myronivs'ka 808. Lugans'ka 4 has been registered for the steppe region in 1978 for 23 years. Lugans'ka 3 was created in 1975.

Other countries of the former U.S.S.R. The Russian Federation. Northwest region.
North-West Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The spring wheats Druzhba, Lenmira, and Leningradskaya 90 are all descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 released in 1974, 1980, and 1985, respectively.

Central Region.
Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of Central Regions of Non-Black-Earth Zone. The spring wheat Enita (QS = 10) is a derivative of the Ukrainian variety Myronivs'ka Jara and has been registered since 1990 for more 12 years for the northwest, central, and Volgo-Vjatka regions of the Russian Federation. Noris, a progeny of Myronivs'ka Jara through Enita, was released in 1996.

Volgo-Vjatka Region.
Nizhnegorodsky Research Project-Technological Institute (formerly the Gor'kovsky Agricultural Experimental Station). The spring wheat Gor'kovskaya 17 was created in 1948. Gor'kovskaya 20 was registreted in 1963 and for nearly 20 years in Lower Volga region. The both varieties are progenies of Ukrainka; Gor'kovskaya 17 through Lutescens 17 and Gor'kovskaya 20 through Erythrospermum 3591-46.

Vjatka State Agricultural Akademy. The spring wheats Krepysh and Solnysko are direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 released in the 1970s and 1998, respectively.

North-East Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. Veshenka spring wheat was released in 1988 and is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808.

Central Region of Black-Earth Belt.
Kursk Institute of Agroindustrial Production in common with V.V. Dokuchaev Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of Central Region of Black-Earth Belt. The spring wheat Kurskaya 263, released in 1989, is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through the Ukrainian cultivar Lugans'ka 4.

V.V. Dokuchaev Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of Central Region of Black-Earth Belt. The T. durum spring wheats Step' 3 and Step' 37, both are progenies of three winter wheats Myronivs'ka 264 by Rostovchanka and Tarasovskaya 29. The variety Step' 3 has been registered since 1998 for the Central Black-Earth Balt, Middle-Volga, Ural, and East-Siberian regions. Step' 37 was bred in 2000.

North-Caucasian Region.
P.P. Luk'janenko Krasnodar Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The spring wheat Bujan, created in the 1990s, is a derivative of Ukrainka through the Kazakhstanian spring wheats Pyrothrix 28 (QS = 9) and parents Shortandinka (QS = 7) and Akmolinka 1 (QS = 7).

Middle Volga Region.
P.N. Konstantinov Science-Research Institute for Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Volga Region, Kinel' of Samara Region. All four cultivars of spring wheats from this institute are direct derivatives of the winter wheat Myronivs'ka 808. Kinel'skaya 59 (QS = 7) was registered in 1995 for the middle Volga region and Povolzhskaya, Kinel'skaya 97, and Erythrospermum 3013 were created in 1978, 1985, and 2001, respectively.

N.M. Tulaykov Samara Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming. The spring wheat Tulaykovskaya belozernaya, a progeny of Ukrainka through the Kazakhstanian spring wheats Tselinnaya 21 and parental lines Lastochka and Akmolinka 1, was registered in 1995.

State Unitary Enterprise Science-Production Association "Niva Tatarstana" of breeder E.F. Ionov. The spring wheats Kerba and Debjut are direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808. Kerba was registered in 1998 for the middle-Volga region and Debjut was created in 2000.

Lower Volga Region.
Yershov Experimental Station of Irrigated Agriculture of the Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of South-East Region. The spring wheat Erythrospermum 5 is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and was released in 1985.

Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming of South-East Region, Saratov. The spring wheat Saratovskaya 68, bred in 2000, is a progeny of Ukrainka through Tselinnaya 20. Tselinnaya 20 is a descendant of the Ukrainka by the two Kazakhstanian spring wheats Lastochka and Akmolinka 1.

Ural Region.
Baskortostan Science-Research Institute for Rular Farming, Ufa. The spring wheat Kazangulovskaya was registered in 1974 and is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808.

Chelyabinsk Science-Research Agricultural Institute in common with Omsk State Agricultural Academy. Niva 2 spring wheat (QS = 7.5) is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 registered in 1997 for the Middle-Volga, Ural, and West-Siberian Regions.

Chelyabinsk Science-Research Agricultural Institute in common with Kustanay Agricultural Research Institute (formerly the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station). The spring wheat Darina is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 was created in 2000.

Western Siberian Region.
Siberian Science-Research Institute of Rural Farming, Omsk. Two spring wheats Omskaya 11 and derivative Omskaya 18 (QS = 7), were registered in the early 1980s and in 1991, respectively. These wheats are progenies of Ukrainka through Pyrothrix 28 and parental lines Shortandinka and Akmolinka 1. The cultivar Rosinka 2, released in 1996, also is a descendant of Ukrainka through Kazakhstanian wheats Tselinnaya 21, Lastochka, and Akmolinka 1. The cultivar Omskaya kormovaya (Omsk Fodder) 1, is a derivative of Ukrainka through Omskaya 18, progenies of Omskaya 11, and Pyrothrix 28, Shortandinka, and Akmolinka 1, was released in 1998.

Two direct descendants of Myronivs'ka 808 (9) are Omskaya 6 and Sibirjacka 8 released in 1973 and 1977, respectively. The wheat Omskaya 24 is a derivative of Myroniva'ka 808 through Sibirjachka 8 and was registered in 1996 for the western Siberian region. Two cultivars Omskaya 17 and Omskaya 19, progenies of Myronivs'ka 808 were registered for the western Siberian region in 1986 and 1989, respectively.

Siberian Science-Research Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Novosibirsk. The spring wheat Priobskaya, a progeny of Ukrainka through Novoukrainka 83, was registered in 1981 for the Far-East region. The spring wheat Novosibirskaya 20, a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 by Omskaya 17 was released in 1999.

Siberian Science Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding in common with North-Kulunda Experimental Station of Study and Developing of Saline Lands in Kazakhstan. The spring wheats Baganskaya 93 and Sibirskaya 99, both derivatives of Ukrainka through Kazakhstanian spring wheat Pyrothrix 28 and parental lines Shortandinka and Akmolinka 1, were created in 1996 and 2000, respectively.

Science-Research Institute of Rural Farming for North Trans-Ural (Tyumen') in common with V.R. Williams Kazakhstan Research Institute for Rural Farming. The spring wheat Ilinskaya is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and was registered in 1997 for western Siberian.

Omsk Agrarian University. Spring wheat Sonata was created in 1999 and is a derivative of Ukrainka through three Kazakhstanian spring wheats Tselinnaya 20, Lastochka, and Akmolinka 1.

Altay Science-Research Institute of Rural Farming and Breeding. The spring wheat Altayskaya 60, a progeny of Ukrainka through Lutescens 17, was registered in 2001 for western Siberia.

Eastern Siberian Region.
Bur'yatsk Agricultural Research Institute. The spring wheat Bur'yatskaya 79 (QS = 7) is a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 and has been registered from 1982-2000 for eastern Siberia. The spring wheat Lutescens 521 (QS = 9), a two-time descendant of Myronivs'ka Jara directly and from Myronivs'ka 808 through Bur'yatskaya 79, has been registered from 1991-99 for eastern Siberia. Selenga spring wheat is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 by Bur'yatskaya 79, and Lutescens 937 is a descendant of Selenga. These wheats also were registered in 1989 (Selenga) and 1996 (Lutescens 937) for eastern Siberia. The spring wheat Arjuna was bred in 1999 and is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna and a progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Bur'jatskaya 79 and Selenga.

Research Institute for Agicultural Problems of Khakassia. The spring wheat Bezim (QS = 6.5) is a two-time derivative of spring wheat Myronivs'ka Jara and winter wheat Myronivs'ka 808 through spring wheat Lutescens 521. Bexim was registered in 2000 for western Siberia.

Irkutsk State Agricultural Akademia. The spring wheat Studencheskaya, released in 2000, is a derivative of Ukrainka through Tselinnaya 20 and parental lines Lastochka and Akmolinka 1.

Kazakstan.
A.I. Baraev Kazakhstan Agricultural Research Institute of Crop Economy. The first progeny of Myronivka winter wheat Ukrainka, the spring wheat Akmolinka 1 (QS = 7), was registered in 1945. Registered derivatives of Ukrainka through Akmolinka 1 are spring wheats Shortandinka (registered in 1951; QS = 7), Tselinogradka (registered in 1967; QS = 7.5) through Milturum 45 (QS = 9), Pyrothrix 28 (registered in 1973; QS = 9) a selection from Shortandinka, Shortandinka 25 (registered in 1975; QS = 9) through parental lines Lutescens 38 and Akmolinka 1, Tselinnaya 20 (registered in 1978; QS = 9), and Tselinnaya 21 (registered in 1980; QS = 9). Tselinnaya 20 and Tselinnaya 21 are from Lastochka and Akmolinka 1. Tselinnaya 26 (released in 1986; QS = 9) and Tselinnaya 60 (released in 1986; QS = 9) are through Lutescens 38. The spring wheat Tselinnaya Yubileynaya is a direct derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and twice a progeny of Ukrainka through Tselinnaya 21. Tselinnaya Yubileynaya was registered in 1988. Snegurka (QS = 6), Milturum 45, Lutescens 38 (QS = 7), and Poluostaya spring wheats were bred between 1954-59. Lastochka was released in 1962. All of these cultivars are progenies of Ukrainka through the Kazakhstanian spring wheat Akmolinka 1.

V.R. Williams Kazakhstan Research Institute for Agriculture. Ukrainka Jarovaya (Ukrainka spring) is a direct derivative of Ukrainka and was registered in 1953 for southern Kazakhstan.

Kustanay Science-Research Institute for Rural Farming (formerly the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station). The spring wheats Diana and Lutescens 80 are direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 and were registered in 1977 and 1980, respectively. The variety Karabalykskaya 90 is a progeny of Ukrainka through Kazakhstanian spring wheat Tselinnaya 21 and was registered in 1994.

Karaganda State Agricultural Experimental Station. The spring wheat Karagandinskaya 60, a deivative of Ukrainka through the Kazakhstanian spring wheats Tselinnaya 20, Lastochka, and Akmolinka 1, was released in 1983.

Zyrjanovskaya (formerly East-Kazakhstanian) State Breeding Station. The spring wheats Ulbinka 25, a descendant of Myronivs'ka 264, was registered in 1989, and Ulbinka 28, a derivative of Myronivs'ka Yuvileyna, was released in 1986.

V.R. Williams Kazakhstan Research Institute for Agriculture in common with Science Research Institute for Rural Farming of North Trans-Ural Region, Tymen'. SKENT 1 spring wheat is a derivative of Myronivs'k a Jara and has been registered since 1998 in Kazakhstan and the Ural and western Siberia regions of the Russian Federation.

Armenia.
Former Institute for Genetics and Breeding. The spring wheat Hybrid 389 is a derivative of Ukrainka and was registered in 1946

Eurpoean countries. Great Britain.
The spring wheats Chabis and Shizar, registered in 1995, are progenies of Myronivs'ka 808 through Jerico spring wheat from the Netherlands.

France.
The spring wheat Briscard is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 and was registered in 1984.

The Netherlands.
The spring wheats Jerico, Minaret, and Aleksandria are all derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 registered in the early 1980s.

Austria.
Ervin spring wheat was registered in 1990 and is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Minaret from the Netherlands.

Czech Republic.
Progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through the Stupice line 802-74 include two spring wheats Saxana and Linda registered in the early 1990s. The spring wheat Leguan, registered in 1998, is a derivative of Myronivs'ka 808 through Stupice line 234-84.

Former Yugoslavia.
The spring wheats Dugoklasa and Lelija, the both direct derivatives of Myronivs'ka 808 were registered in 1982 and 1983, respectively. The facultative wheat Nevesinjka is a direct progeny of Myronivs'ka 808 through Dugoklasa and was registered in 1990. Venera sprin wheat, a descendant of Myronivs'ka 808 through the spring wheat Dugoklasa, was released in 1993.