312 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW OCTOBXIR 1923
Low- Direc- Direction Direc- est tion of and force tion of ba- wind of wind wind rom- when at time of when
eter gale lowest gale began barometer ended
OCEAN GALES AND STORMS, OCTOBER 1933-Continued
~
Direction and high. est force o wind
Position at time of lowest barometer Voyage
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN-Contd.
Stanley Dollar. Am.S.S - San Pedro Maru, Jap.
Olympia M ~N , J8p.M.S Pres. Jackson, Am.S.S..- Ryoyo Maru J8p.M.K. PW. Grant. IAm.s.8 ._._
Stanley Dollar, Am.S.5.. Everett, Am.S.9 _____..._
Emprans of Russia, Br.
General Pershing, Am.
Olympia M ~N . J8p.M.S. Pres. Jackson Am.S.S ... Pres. Grant. k m .9 .~ ...- Stanley Dollar, Am.S.8 - Hakonesan M m , Jap. M.8 .__________________
M.S.
S.S.
6.8.
1
From-
Siain _...___. Yokohama..
Dairen _.....
Yokohama.. ..... do.. __ ...
Victoria ..... Siain -....-..
Dairen ....-.
Vancouver..
Yokohama. -
Dairen.-. __ - Yokohama-- Victoria ___._
Siain _______.
Yokohama-.
Portland,Ore. Sap Fran-
Los Ange1es.- Victoria ...... Los .4ngeles.. Yokohama..- Portland,Ore. Seattle ____.__
Yokohama ...
San Fran-
Los Angeles.. Victoria ...... Yokohama.-. Portland,Ora
Los Angeles..
CISCO.
cisco.
To- Latitude
l-
41 46 N 45 14 N
I41 54 N 36 33 N 42 10 N 45 30 N 45 40 N 48 30 N 51 46 N
40 35 N
41 58 N 45 30 N 40 12 N 47 48 N
37 05 N
Depsr- .we from normal
Inch
0.00
+. 10
f.12
+.02
+.Ol -.03
+.02 +.OZ
.OO
+.03
-.w
+.05
+.05
+.OR
.____.__.
Longitud
Highest
--
Ineher 30.84
30.28 30.42 30.67 30.41 30.19 29.94 30.14 30.18 29.98 29.92
30.20 30.40
30.38
30. ia
--
0 1
169 35 E 147 37 w
I46 20 E 143 23 E 158 15 E lW2 30 E
150 30 W 143 26 W
17i 28 W
160 57 E 165 45 F,
178 io w
14s 15 E 163 is w
144 34 E
Date
20 17 17.18
10
21 16 16 11.12 26 27
22,B 27 a7 27 12
- I I
Lowest
--
Inchrs
29.48
29.00
28.88
29.08 28.24
29.76
29.78 29.74 29.68
29.70 29.30
25.98
29.58
28.87
29.56
Time of Gale lowest Gale began
1
h g n -
1
ended
-
Point Barrow .._____._____
Dutch Harbor ____....._._ St. Paul _________.....____
Kodlak ... -. - --. ..__. .._..
Juneau.- _______........__
Tatoosh Island ___..__.___
Ban Francism.-- __...____
Maratlan __._____._....__.
Honolulu ._.______._..._._
Midway Island _.._.....__
Guam __._______..._....._
Manila __.__________..____
Naha ._...._____........._
Chichishima.. . - ._._.. ....
Nemuro __..._________....
I
Oct. 21 Noon 21 Oct. 22 Oct. 19 I Mdt,'22.1 Oct. 23
Inchcr
29.93 28.70 29.73 29.71 29. 89 30.02 29. Q8 29.86 30.02 30.03 28.87 29.78 28.N 29.96 28.93
Oct. 20 Oct. n Oct. 20 Oct. 22 Oct. 23 Oct. 2
Oct. 23
..do .____ Ilp, 23.- .-.do ___..
Oct. 24 Mdt, 24. Oct. 24 ..do _____ 68, 25 ___. Oct. 25 Oct. 25 i s , 25 ____ ..-do ____.
Oct. 26 Ip, 26 ... Oct. 27
Oct. 30 4p, 30 ... Oct. 31
1 Posltion approximate.
2 Barometer uncorrected.
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, OCTOBER 1933
By WILLIS E. HUHD
Atmos h r i c pressure.-The pressure situation over
main close to normal but showed n few marked depar-
tures. Over the central Aleutian Islands and in the southern part of Bering Sea the averages for the nionth
were about a tenth of an inch above tho nornial. In the
southwestern ocean, while the Japnnese island groups south of Japan proper hnd pressures 0.05 to 0.06 nbove the
normal, the average a t Maniln was 0.09 inch below.
The Aleutian cyclone was wcll established in October,
central over the Alnska Peninsula and neighboring islands. The Pacific anticyclone covered a great belt of
ocean extending froni the upper United States const
westward to beyond Midway Island. I t wns much in- truded upon by frequent cyclonic disturbances in northern
and central waters, particularly from the 1st to the 7th and the 18th to 31st.
TABLE l.--dveragess, departtircs, ajid erfrenies o/ afmocrpheric pre.satire at sen leuel, North Piicific Ocenu, Ocloter 1933, n f selected .stafioiis
the Nort Yl Pacific Ocean during October 1933 was in the
Average pressure S tations
68, 22--- Oct. 23
88, 22 _.__ -..do 38, 23.... Oct. 24 4a, 33 .... Oct. 23
~
Date
27 26
20
11 28 25 30
4,5 17 21.23 IO, 14 15 ia 20
16
NOTE.-Data based on 1 daily observation only, except those for Juneau, Tatoosh
Island, San Francisco, and Honolulu, which are based on 2 observations. Departures are computed from best available normals related to time of observation.
Cyclones and gales.-Progressive and fluctuating cy- clones. of considerable depth and severity caused much
rough weather along the northern steamship routes, and
gales were reported on 2 to 4 or more da.ys of the
~~
Shifts of wind near time of lowest harom- et.er
None. 5.
E-9-W.
IV-WN W-NW. ENE-NE. SE-E. NNE-N. ENE-NE.
WSW-W.
6-sw-w. 8-SE.
sw-wsw.
NNE-NE.
month in each 5' square north of the fortieth parallel
and west of 140' west longitude. The preponderating number of gale reports indicated that wind forces of 9 to
10 usually occurred during a t least one or more hours of
the storm experiences of the reporting ship, and were noted on a t least a third of the days in the month.
The principal stormy periods in extratropical waters
were the 3d to 5th and the 22d to 24th. The main storm region of the earlier period lay between 35' and 45' N.,
150' and 170' E. The highest wind velocity noted was force 11. This was reported by the Japanese motor ship
Sun Luis Maru on the 4th) near 41' N., 167' E., and by
the Japanese motor ship Sun Diego Maru on the 5th, near
43' N., 161' E. The Sun Diego Mum reported the lowest
pressure reading of the month, 28.55 inches, a t midnight
of the 4th-5th. Scattered gales were experienced on the same dates of the period, as noted in the table of gales. During the second major storm period (22d-24th)
whole gales (force 10) to storm winds (force 11) occurred
a t various points north of the 40th parallel, between approximately 160' E. and 150' W. In the western
part of the area, they resulted from the typhoon, later
described, which was then centered east or southeast of the Iiuril Islands. I n mid-Pacific, a southeast gale of
force 11, with pressure noted as low as 29 inches on the
22d, was due to a cyclone then centered near 46' N., 178"
W. This storm, which covered a wide area, spread eastward during the three succeeding days, and caused
gales of force 10-11, with pressures below 29 inches, on
the 23d and 24th. On these 2 days the greatest storm intensity occurred, roughly, between 40' and 50' N., 150' and 170' W. On the 25th the severity had subsided. Typhoon.-Reports thus far received show that one
typhoon, and that of hurricane severity, traversed the
waters of the Far East in October 1933. It was first discovered as n depression north of Yap about the 11th. I t s movement appears to have been somewhat uncertain
until the 15th) on which date a clear northwestward
advance was indicated. The British motor ship Silver- belle, Manila toward San Pedro, encountered northerly
gales in front of the typhoon late on the 16th) near 21' N., 125' E., and on the 17th met with the full hurricane force
of the approaching storm, lowest pressure 29.31 inches.
On the 18th) east of Taiwan, the typhoon recurved north-
ward across the Eastern Sea, passing west of the Nansei
OCTOBER 1033 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 313
Islands. During the 19th and 20th it crossed the two
southernmost islands of Japan proper. Late on the 20th
it crossed northern Honshu and emerged into the Pacific..
Its later,course was followed until the 23d, when it lay
southeast of the Kuril Islands. According to press reports, 1,000 fishing boats and 2,000
Ja,panese fishermen were nlissing after the devastation of
Shikoku Island by the typhoon on the 20th. The Japanese steamer Ymhima &la,ru founde.red off Suma a t
this time with 54 out of 107 persons on board reported
lost. At sea on the 22d and 23d, gales of force 9 and 10
we,re reported as accompanying the storm between the
Ja.panese coast and about 165O E . A depression that appeared east of the. Philippims on
October 31 caused the loss of n few lives and some damn.ge
to property over the Visayas on November 1 or 2. Fog.-Frequent fog mantled the, coastal wnters of the
United States. From Eureka to Snn Pedro a.bout 50
pe,rcent of the October days had fog. Between Eureka
and Vanc0uve.r Island and along the west coast of Lower
California, it occurred on 30 to 35 percent of the dags.
For some distance outside this fog belt there were great'ly
lessened oc.currenc.es seawa.rd, and over the great body of the northern routes it occurre,d on not to excee.d 1 or 2
days in the several 5' squares.
TYPHOONS I N THE FAR EAST DURING OCTOBER 1933
By Rev. c. E. DEPPERMANN, S.J.
[Weather Bureau, Manila, P.I., November 19331
(1) October 11 .-Although suspected on Oct,ober 10, this typhoon was not certain until the nest day. It was
rather low in latitude, on the tropical front between Yap and Palau. Traveling northwest for 2 days until within
about 200 miles of mid-Philippines, it then turned north
until the 17th. From the 12th on, the tropical front
could be distinctly traced on our maps as it progressed northward, but since t8he southwest monsoon was not
strong within the islands, we conclude that it had already
been forced out of the center of the typhoon, i.e., the typhoon had occluded very early. This c.onjec.ture is
strengthened by the fact that the northeast monsoon
appmently reached to the Philippine,s a t the time; hence
it is probable that the typhoon was now mainly fed by temperature differences between t,he northeast, monsoon and the trade wind. Why did the t,yphoon take the path
it did? Without upper-air data this is difficult t)o de-
cide, but it was noticed that pressure was decreasing all
the time to the northeast and over the Bonins, with rather strong northeast winds right above t,he Philip-
pines. It is probable that the upper winds recurved in the direction the typhoon took. On the 17th the ty-
phoon suddenly turned to the northwest till it reached
the lower Nansei group, and then finally definit,ely re-
curved in a northeast direction along t)he polar front unbil around north Japan, whenc.e it turned eastward. Even
though the typhoon occluded early, there seenis appare,nt-
ly to have remained, unt8il the storm was we.11 wdhin
Japan, a we,ll-marked front between the northeast mon- soon and the t,rade all the way from the typhoon to near the Philippines, where there seenis to have been an
interesting junction of the southwest monsoon, the nort,li- east monsoon, and the trade. Since t,he typhoon kept
a course over water until near Japan, where its intensity
had already abated, comparatively little damage was reported, except that in Japan an excursion steamer
foundered right in sight of port, with the loss of some 40 lives.
(2) October ld.-This was a very small typhoon, but
wit,h some interesting and instructive fe.at>ure.s. As the t,yphoon of October 11 , above mentione,d, progressed, the
t'ropical front became more in evidence, from the south-
ernmost tip of Indo-China over to mid-Philippines and
on to the typhoon. Above this front t,here were strong
nort,heast,erly winds, c.ontinuing down the c.oastline of Indo-China until they reached the end of t,he coast,al
range. At t,his point they met t,he southwest monsoon. The sibuation seems ideal for causing vort'ices. At any rat,e, near t,liis part of the China Sea a small typhoon did form, and apparently proce.eded in the rather unusual
direct,ion, southwest,, until it re,ached this southern t,ip of
the coastal range. It then dissipated ove,r land in t,he in t,e.rior (3) October %?.-Due to lack of sufficient, d a h , the
explanatmion of the origin of this t,yphoon is only tenta- tive, but it appears quite plausible. As the typhoon of Oct,ober 11 niove,d finally northeast, the front between the northerly winds and the trade pr0gresse.d slowly but
steadily eastward until the typhoon had reac.hed northern
Japan. Then the trade started to surge back rapidly. In this way, a swondary probably st,arted at the junc- tion of trade, northeast, and southwest monsoons. This secondary remained as a swift depression until just after
it coursed through northern Philippines. Here its fur- ther progress was apparently blocked by the southern part of the Asiatic high-pressure area. The quick transi- tion from a speed of about 35 miles per hour to almost
nothing was remarkable. Remaining almost st>ationary
for a day, the depression intensified into a true typhoon, and then proceeded comparatively slowly toward Indo-
China. Before the depression passed through our is-
lands, the tropical front was in evidence, but no squalls
were present to indicate anything alarming. (4) October %.-This typhoon appears to have been brooding to the southwest of 1'a.p as early as the 25th,
at the meeting place of trade and southwest monsoon, but
it did not start to move decidedly until the 27th. On the afternoon and evening of the 28th it remained almost stat,ionary, but the.n started swiftly at the rate of over 30 miles an hour in a west-nort,hwest direction toward the
southern Philippines, giving us barely enough time for proper typhoon warnings for the people.. Through the islands it still moved quite rapidly, about 30 mile,s an hour, and then leisurely crossed the China Sea and
entered Indo-China. Fortunately the typhoon was only
of moderate intensity (these usually move faster than t,he more intense typhoons), and directly struck land in the
Philippines only in a few places. As it was, however, 15 or more lives were lost and quite some property damaged.
How about the fronts as the typhoon passed through t'he islands? This question cannot be answered until all our
barograph records have been received from the stations
near t,he t,yphoon. However, it is quite probable t,hat Father Gherzi and others are correct in stsating t,hat dose to the center of a typhoon, i.e., in the region of very strong winds in t,he typhoon proper, no front,s can exist.