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Now showing results 1-5 of 5.
1. The Influence of Childhood Maltreatment on Adolescents' Academic Performance (EJ773960)
Author(s):
Slade, Eric P.; Wissow, Lawrence S.
Source:
Economics of Education Review, v26 n5 p604-614 Oct 2007
Pub Date:
2007-10-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Probability; Family Characteristics; Adolescents; Siblings; Neighborhoods; Homework; Grade Point Average; Academic Achievement; Low Achievement; Child Abuse; Behavior Problems; Emotional Problems; Middle School Students; High School Students; Multivariate Analysis; High Risk Students; Cognitive Ability; Attention Span
Abstract: Evidence that childhood maltreatment is associated with emotional and behavioral problems throughout childhood suggests that maltreatment could lead to impaired academic performance in middle and high school. This article explores these effects using data on siblings. An index measure of the intensity of childhood maltreatment was included as a covariate in multivariate analyses of adolescents' risk for school performance impairments. Family fixed effects were used to control for unobservables linked to family background and neighborhood effects. More intense childhood maltreatment was associated with greater probability of having a low grade point average (P=0.001) and problems completing homework assignments (P=0.007). Associations between maltreatment intensity and adolescent school performance were not sensitive to model specification. Additional analyses suggested that maltreatment effects are moderated by cognitive deficits related to attention problems. The implications of these findings for educators and schools are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Pediatric Residents' Responses that Discourage Discussion of Psychosocial Problems in Primary Care (EJ728036)
Wissow, Lawrence S.; Larson, Susan; Anderson, Jada; Hadjiisky, Elizabeth
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, v44 n11 p1127 Nov 2005
2005-11-01
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Pediatrics; Child Rearing; Clinics; Primary Health Care; Responses; Physician Patient Relationship; Graduate Medical Education; Psychological Patterns; Social Behavior; Parent Child Relationship; Discussion; Parenting Styles; Punishment
Abstract: Objective: Studies spanning nearly 4 decades demonstrate that doctors ignore or dismiss many patient bids for discussion of psychosocial topics. We sought to understand characteristics of doctors, patients, and visits in which this occurs. Methods: Reanalysis of 167 audiotapes from 2 studies of parent-doctor communication in a pediatric residents' continuity clinic was performed. Tapes included visits by 100 mothers or female guardians to 55 residents who were the children's primary care providers. Coders identified mentions of psychosocial topics and noted the content and the doctor's response. Responses were increased with an adaptation of a previously described, psychoanalytically derived typology of avoidant or discouraging responses. Results: Discouraging responses occurred in 34 (77%) of 44 discussions that involved corporal punishment and 51 (34%) of 64 discussions that involved other psychosocial topics. The particular topic (parent/family versus routine parenting issue) and how the topic was framed (as a problem versus simply mentioned) were associated with doctors' discouraging responses (OR: 3.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.56-6.05; and OR: 7.57; 95% confidence interval: 3.50-16.44; respectively). Discouraging responses were not related to the doctor's gender, parent's ethnicity, length of the parent-doctor relationship, or doctor's overall interview style (patient-centeredness). Discouraging responses to routine problems tended to be dismissive, but 41% of discouraging responses to parent/family problems were failed attempts to provide advice. Conclusions: Discouraging responses seem to be related less to doctor or patient characteristics than to the type and acuity of the psychosocial topic. These responses may originate with doctors' discomfort with particular subject areas and thus might be approached with training that combines communication and emotion-handling skills with clinical tools such as Bright Futures in Practice: Mental Health or the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Primary Care. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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3. Use of Epidemiological Data in the Diagnosis of Physical Child Abuse: Variations in Response to Hypothetical Cases. (EJ444412)
Wissow, Lawrence S.; Wilson, Modena E. H.
Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, v16 n1 p45-55 1992
1992-00-00
N/A
Descriptors: Child Abuse; Clinical Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Injuries; Physicians; Risk; Social Influences
Abstract: Study investigates whether epidemiological data describing injuries could help physicians differentiate intentional from unintentional injury. Case vignettes describing child's injury were sent to 280 physicians. Responses were received from 59 percent; 48 percent were pediatricians, and 37 percent had trained in emergency medicine. Pediatricians were less confident of injury's accidental nature when risk factors were present. (BRM) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Poverty, Race, and Hospitalization for Childhood Asthma. (EJ374500)
Wissow, Lawrence S.; And Others
American Journal of Public Health, v78 n7 p777-82 Jul 1988
1988-00-00
Descriptors: Asthma; Black Youth; Hospitalized Children; Low Income Groups; Poverty; Racial Differences; Welfare Services; Whites
Abstract: Examination of Maryland hospital discharge data for 1979 to 1982 reveals that Black children are three times more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than are White children. This, however, is due to poverty, not race. (Author/BJV)
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5. The Use of Consumer Injury Registry Data to Evaluate Physical Abuse. (EJ370356)
Wissow, Lawrence S.; Wilson, Modena H.
Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, v12 n1 p25-31 1988
Descriptors: Case Studies; Child Abuse; Clinical Diagnosis; Evaluation; Family Violence; Injuries; Medical Evaluation; Young Children
Abstract: Descriptive case information evaluated by 68 medical personnel included a fall from a highchair as the explanation of an injury, with or without injury pattern data obtained for such falls from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Respondents given the CPSC data appropriately had less confidence in the explanation. (Author/JW)
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