Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives
Office of Congressional and Intergovernmetal Relations
Program Aid 1617
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Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives |
| U.S. Department
of Agriculture Office of Congressional and Intergovernmetal Relations Program Aid 1617 |
| "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). | To file a complaint of discrimination,
write USDA Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building,
14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call
(202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider
and employer. " |
Contents |
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Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is completing its first decade of strong partnerships with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and their members. Almost 10 years ago, USDA and the Department of the Interior agreed to a new foundation to improve the delivery of programs and services to American Indians and Alaska Natives. Consistent with this commitment, USDA has reached out to inform American Indians and Alaska Natives about USDA programs and services available to them, to deliver programs more effectively to Indian tribes, and to initiate new programs in response to the needs of Indian tribes.
This Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives is an updated reference for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal leaders and members, planners, community leaders, producers, and anyone else who works with American Indians on numerous USDA programs. Please use this book often to decide which of our programs will best serve your needs and to improve your access to USDA programs and services.
President Clinton's vision of a strong government-to-government relationship with American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments inspired this publication. On April 29, 1994, at a historic meeting with the leaders of federally recognized Indian tribes at the White House, President Clinton issued an Executive Memorandum on Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments, and to follow up, the Clinton Administration, including USDA, has taken the following steps to build a strong partnership with Indian tribes:
In his address to tribal leaders at the April 29, 1994, meeting at the White House, President Clinton said, "The Great Law of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy contained this advice: 'In our every deliberation, we must consider the impact of our decision on the next seven generations.' We are stewards; we are caretakers. That standard will keep us great." The USDA poster that is reproduced on the cover of this Guide is entitled "For We Are the Keepers of the Seven Generations" and interprets this American Indian tradition. Artist Debra-Ann Pine, a member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, created the poster for USDA.
As we make decisions today, we should consider the impact of our actions on our children's children to the Seventh Generation. This means we have a sacred and shared stake in improving the lives of our people and opening the gates of opportunity to all of them. I have great hope that the vision and policies of this Administration will continue to benefit all people seven generations from now.
Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives
Preface by Dan Glickman Secretary of Agriculture
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is completing its first decade of strong partnerships with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and their members. Almost 10 years ago, USDA and the Department of the Interior agreed to a new foundation to improve the delivery of programs and services to American Indians and Alaska Natives. Consistent with this commitment, USDA has reached out to inform American Indians and Alaska Natives about USDA programs and services available to them, to deliver programs more effectively to Indian tribes, and to initiate new programs in response to the needs of Indian tribes.
This Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives is an updated reference for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal leaders and members, planners, community leaders, producers, and anyone else who works with American Indians on numerous USDA programs. Please use this book often to decide which of our programs will best serve your needs and to improve your access to USDA programs and services.
President Clinton's vision of a strong government-to-government relationship with American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments inspired this publication. On April 29, 1994, at a historic meeting with the leaders of federally recognized Indian tribes at the White House, President Clinton issued an Executive Memorandum on Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments, and to follow up, the Clinton Administration, including USDA, has taken the following steps to build a strong partnership with Indian tribes:
In his address to tribal leaders at the April 29, 1994, meeting at the White House, President Clinton said, "The Great Law of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy contained this advice: 'In our every deliberation, we must consider the impact of our decision on the next seven generations.' We are stewards; we are caretakers. That standard will keep us great." The USDA poster that is reproduced on the cover of this Guide is entitled "For We Are the Keepers of the Seven Generations" and interprets this American Indian tradition. Artist Debra-Ann Pine, a member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, created the poster for USDA.
As we make decisions today, we should consider the impact of our actions on our children's children to the Seventh Generation. This means we have a sacred and shared stake in improving the lives of our people and opening the gates of opportunity to all of them. I have great hope that the vision and policies of this Administration will continue to benefit all people seven generations from now.
The Office of Congressional Relations (OCR) serves as the Department's liaison with Members of Congress and their staffs. OCR works closely with Members and staffs of various House and Senate Committees including the House Agriculture Committee and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to communicate USDA's legislative agenda and budget proposals.
The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (OIA) is USDA's liaison with State, local, and tribal governments and national organizations representing these constituents. OIA responds to inquiries and requests from these officials either directly or through the appropriate government agencies. OIA facilitates meetings between these individuals and USDA officials and serves as a clearinghouse for information related to USDA's operations and services.
President Clinton's Executive Memorandum on Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments (see appendix) and USDA's Policies on American Indians and Alaska Natives (see appendix) govern USDA's interaction with Indian tribes. USDA's policies on American Indians and Alaska Natives provide that the Native American Programs Office has the primary responsibility for coordinating USDA programs serving American Indians and Alaska Natives.
The Director of Native American Programs, located in the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs, is USDA's primary contact with tribal governments and their members. The Director is responsible for:
Whom To Contact: Director of Native American Programs, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs, Room 346-A, 14th Street and Independence Avenue S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250. The Director's telephone number is (202) 720-3805 and fax number is (202) 720-6972.
Available Assistance: Information and assistance regarding all matters related to USDA policies, programs, and services which affect American Indians and Alaska Natives and are available to them.
Printed Information Available: Information about USDA programs and services which are available to American Indians and Alaska Natives is provided in this Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives. The Agriculture Fact Book 1997 provides a summary of highlights of recent activities and programs in USDA mission areas which serve Indian tribes and their members.
Administering Agency: Office of Intergovernmental Affairs, Room 219-A, 14th Street and Independence Avenue S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250. The telephone number is (202) 720-6643.
Guide to USDA Programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives
Natural Resources and Environment
Several USDA agencies, including the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), implement an extensive joint outreach effort with the Intertribal Agriculture Council (IAC) to increase awareness of USDA services available to American Indian and Alaska Native communities. The IAC is a nonprofit corporation of 61 member Indian tribes devoted to improving agriculture as a source of economic development for American Indian people. NRCS has designated a full-time American Indian Liaison in order to work more closely with the IAC. NRCS has worked with the IAC to help Indian tribes establish 33 full-time and 73 part-time NRCS offices at tribal headquarters and 15 American Indian Conservation Districts under tribal law, with an additional two Districts in the development phase. NRCS has conducted 20 "Working Effectively with American Indians" workshops; these sessions focus on historical, legal, and cultural issues that are significant for effective program delivery to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
The Forest Service has an American Indian and Alaska Native policy and has published a national tribal resource book entitled Forest Service National Resource Book on American Indian and Alaska Native Relations to promote cooperative relations with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. The Forest Service works with Indian tribes to coordinate the management of national forest lands and resources with adjacent Indian tribes; to honor American Indian water rights and reserved rights to hunt, fish, gather, and graze on present-day national forests through consultation and agreement with affected Indian tribes; to engage in ongoing consultation with Indian tribes to accommodate traditional, cultural sites on public lands; and to provide research, technology transfer, and technical assistance to Indian tribes.
American Indians and Alaska Natives are eligible to participate in all Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) programs and may have special status as provided by statute or regulation. The demand for NRCS services by American Indian tribal groups continues to increase as the value of NRCS assistance becomes better understood.
Assistance provided includes, but is not limited to, the following: Conservation planning on cropland, pastureland, and rangeland and assistance to apply rangeland management and improvement practices, irrigation water development structures and management, brush control, erosion control structures, agriculture, forestry, salinity control, land treatment for watershed programs activities, no-till conservation tillage, soil interpretation for various land uses, farmland protection, wildlife habitat improvement, and wetlands restoration.
In addition to cost sharing available through the Farm Service Agency (FSA), as noted in the following pages, NRCS provides cost share assistance for conservation practices under certain programs, such as Public Law 83-566 Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention programs, the Wildlife Habitat Improvement Program (WHIP), and the Conservation Operations Program (COP), and administers on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP).
Three actions have increased American Indian access to NRCS programs and assistance: (1) Authorization of Indian tribes to be legal sponsors of watershed projects; (2) the 1997 USDA Office of the General Counsel review of policy and the resulting determination that USDA can provide the same assistance, through conservation districts, to American Indians and Alaska Natives on their lands as it does to non-Indians; and (3) the establishment, in 1980, of the USDA policy to provide conservation assistance through conservation districts organized under tribal or Federal law.
One new action significantly increased American Indian access to programs and services: Section 2501(g) of the 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act (the 1990 Act) required certain USDA agencies, including NRCS, Farm Service Agency (FSA), and Rural Development (RD), to establish suboffices at tribal headquarters, if requested by Indian tribes.
NRCS gives technical help in soil and water conservation to individual landowners and operators, organizations, city, county, and State governments, through nearly 3,000 local soil and water conservation districts. It provides technical and financial help for watershed protection and flood prevention, and through other conservation programs. Natural resource information is available to land use officials for planning and maintaining housing, schools, water supply, highways, and recreational facilities.
Assistance Available: Published soil surveys of counties or other comparably sized areas are available for use by interested Indian tribes, agencies, organizations, and individuals. Many of the soil surveys include American Indian land both on and off reservations. Soil surveys are in progress on other reservations. They contain basic and detailed information needed for agricultural and natural resource development programs.
How to Apply: An applicant should contact his or her tribal or county NRCS office, local Extension Service, the State Agricultural Experiment Station, the nearest USDA Agricultural Service Center or Conservation District Office, or local Member of Congress.
For More Information: Contact Director of Soils, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-1820.
Assistance Available: Through its field offices, local conservation districts, and Tribal Conservation Districts, NRCS helps farm and ranch owners and operators plan and apply more than 100 conservation practices to manage, conserve, improve, and develop soil, water, and related resources. NRCS has expertise in resource assessment and planning, agronomy, range management, forestry, agricultural engineering, soils, water management, wildlife habitat management, recreation, aquaculture, rural development, resource inventories, and watershed and flood protection.
The Service provides technical assistance to American Indian communities through Tribal Conservation Districts and Tribal Governments handling natural resource conservation programs and other rural development activities.
Technical assistance is coordinated at the national level by the NRCS Conservation Operations Division. Field office personnel provide assistance upon request to individuals, district cooperators, Indian tribes, Tribal Councils, or other community leadership. Through participation in national, State, and local Field Advisory Committees (FAC's), NRCS can help American Indian community leaders access USDA program benefits.
How to Apply: Contact the county or tribal NRCS Office, Tribal Conservation District, Conservation District Office, or the nearest USDA Agricultural Service Center.
For More Information: Contact the Director of Conservation Operations Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-1845.
Assistance Available: Technical assistance is available to help local people initiate and carry out long-range programs of Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D).
Indian tribes have the option of forming RC&Ds based on reservation boundaries and tribal law. RC&D assistance may be used on reservation lands for public water-based recreation and fish and wildlife developments or on private lands owned or operated by American Indians for flood prevention, sedimentation and erosion control, farm irrigation, water quality management, and control and abatement of agriculture-related pollution. The RC&D Project Steering Committee and local leadership plan and carry out associated project measures funded by other non-USDA entities, both Federal and private. Associated measures deal with any project the RC&D and local people need and approve.
How to Apply: Contact the county or tribal NRCS Office, Tribal Conservation District, Conservation District Office, RC&D Coordinator's Office, or the nearest USDA Agricultural Service Center.
For More Information: Contact Director of Resource Conservation and Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-2241.
Assistance Available: NRCS has an American Indian Liaison located at National Headquarters. The Liaison's role is to work with Indian tribes and various American Indian groups to improve technical assistance to American Indians and to increase their participation in NRCS and USDA programs.
For More Information or Assistance: Contact the American Indian Liaison, Community Assistance and Rural Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-8576.
Assistance Available: Watershed projects begin with local initiative and responsibility. Local proposals are reviewed by the State, which may make financial and other assistance available. Federal technical and financial assistance is also available.
State agencies, Indian tribes, and nonprofit local organizations can sponsor a watershed project. Watershed projects help cities, towns, and rural areas stimulate economic growth. Where projects are developed for multiple purposes, both urban and rural areas benefit. Control of flooding, erosion, and siltation reduces risks in farming and lowers the cost of maintaining roads and bridges. It also reduces reservoir sedimentation and prevents costly flood damage in urban communities.
Reservoirs built through watershed projects provide opportunities for fishing, boating, swimming, and other recreation. They supply water for irrigation, municipal use, and industry.
A watershed project has an immediate and positive effect on the economy and rural communities, and it often acts as a catalyst for a wide range of rural development actions.
Watershed works of improvement (flood control dams, diversion channels, land treatment, etc.) provide multiple rural development benefits that can best be optimized when the projects are included in local rural development plans.
How to Apply: Contact the county or tribal NRCS office, or the nearest USDA Agricultural Service Center.
For More Information: Contact the Director of Watershed and Wetlands Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-3527.
Nature and Purpose: The primary purpose of the Plant Material Centers is to develop materials and plant science technology for conservation of resources. An important activity is to select from plants observed to be the best range of adaptability, growth rate, and hardiness and increase their numbers so they can be released to those people who wish to reestablish native plants. The Plant Material Centers also provide "seed" on plants that are of cultural and religious significance to American Indian people, such as sweet grass in the northern plains.
Type of Assistance: The purpose of this program is to select and grow plants which naturally occur in the wild and then provide them to those persons who wish to reestablish native plants.
Local Contacts: Indian tribes or Cultural Committees should contact the NRCS office serving the reservation or the NRCS State Conservationist.
Washington Contact: American Indian Liaison. Community Assistance and Rural Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-8576.
Nature and Purpose: Participants who want to implement practices that will improve habitat condition for wildlife may enter into cost-share agreements for a 5- to 10-year period. Since there is a time lag between the installation of a practice and the actual wildlife benefits, participants will receive cost-share assistance as practices are established but must maintain the practice for the practice lifespan which may expand beyond the agreement period.
Type of Assistance: The Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) will provide participants with the technical expertise to successfully establish realistic wildlife goals for their land, as well as provide financial assistance in the form of cost-share agreements to help establish practices.
Local Contacts: Closest NRCS local office, Tribal Conservation District, or local conservation district.
Nature and Purpose: The purpose of the Conservation of Private Grazing Land program is to ensure that technical education and related assistance is provided to those who own private grazing lands. Assistance is available for: better grazing land management, soil protection, more energy efficiency, water conservation, providing wildlife habitat, sustaining forage and grazing plants, using plants to sequester greenhouse grasses and increase organic matter, and using grazing land as a source of biomass energy and raw materials for industrial products.
Type of Assistance: Conservation technical assistance funds.
Local Contacts: Your USDA Service Center, Tribal Conservation District, or your local conservation district.
Nature and Purpose: The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) is a voluntary program to restore and protect wetlands on private property. It is an opportunity for landowners to receive financial incentives to enhance wetlands in exchange for retiring marginal agricultural land. Landowners who choose to participate in WRP may sell a conservation easement or enter into a cost-share restoration agreement with USDA to restore and protect wetlands. The landowner voluntarily limits future use of the land, yet retains private ownership. The landowner and NRCS develop a plan for the restoration and maintenance of the wetland. The program offers landowners three options: permanent easements, 30-year easements, and restoration cost-share agreements of a minimum 10-year duration.
Eligibility Requirements: Program is available in all States. Eligible acreage would include cropped and grazed wetlands, certain riparian areas, and other restored wetlands.
Local Contacts: To receive more information, contact the local NRCS Office, Tribal Conservation District, or local conservation district office.
Nature of Program: EQIP is a program which helps farmers and ranchers install enduring natural resource conservation and pollution abatement practices. The program provides technical, educational, and financial assistance to eligible farmers and ranchers to address soil, water, and related natural resources on their lands in an environmentally beneficial and cost-effective manner. The purposes of the program are achieved through implementation of a conservation plan which identifies the structural, vegetative, and land management practices which will be applied on the eligible land. Five- to ten-year contracts are made with eligible producers. The program is carried out primarily in priority areas that may be watersheds, regions of multi-state areas, and for significant statewide natural resource concerns that are outside geographic priority areas.
Eligibility Requirements: Individual/family farmers and ranchers who face serious threats to soil, water, and related natural resources, or who need assistance with complying with Federal and State environmental laws are eligible to apply for EQIP. A participant may be an owner, landlord, operator, or tenant of eligible agricultural lands. Eligible agricultural land may include tribal, allotted, or American Indian trust land. Limited-resource producers, small-scale producers, producers of minority groups, federally recognized Indian tribal governments, Alaska Natives, and Pacific Islanders are encouraged to apply.
How To Apply: Program participation is voluntary. The applicant applies at the local USDA Service Center on Form CCC-1200. Applications may be filed at any time during the year. The participant develops and submits a conservation plan for the farm or ranching unit of concern. The participant's conservation plan serves as the basis for the EQIP contract. Technical assistance, educational assistance, and cost-share or incentive payments may be provided to apply the needed conservation practices and land use adjustments within a time schedule specified by the conservation plan. A contract with a participant may apply one or more land management practices or one or more structural or vegetative practices or both.
Local Contacts: The NRCS or the Farm Service Agency at the local USDA Service Center, Tribal Conservation District, or the local conservation district.
Available Assistance: Structural and vegetative practices can be funded by cost sharing up to 75 percent of the total cost of establishing the practice. Incentive payments can be made for land management practices in an amount and rate that NRCS determines is necessary to encourage a participant to perform the practice that would not otherwise be initiated without government assistance. Other practices may be required to be installed without program payments. The contract period is between 5 and 10 years, depending on the conservation systems that need to be applied. Obligations for assistance are tied to the schedule for applying conservation practices included in the conservation plan used as the basis for the contract. Payments are made when the participant and NRCS certify that a conservation practice is completed in accordance with the contract.
Use Restrictions: Technical assistance is provided for conservation planning to eligible participants. Education and financial assistance is provided for implementation of structural, vegetative, and land management conservation practices. Fifty percent of the funding available nationally for technical, cost-share payments, incentive payments, and education will be targeted at practices relating to livestock production. Cost-share and incentive payments are limited to $10,000 per person per fiscal year and to $50,000 for any contract. In relation to contracts on tribal land, Indian trust land, or land allotted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, payments exceeding the above limitation may be made to the tribal venture if an official of the BIA or tribal official certifies that no one person directly or indirectly will receive more than the limitation. Expenditures under a contract entered into during a fiscal year will not be made to the participant until the subsequent fiscal year.
Nature of Program: The FPP allows the Federal Government to establish partnerships with State, tribal, or local government entities to acquire conservation easements or other interests in farmland to limit conversion to non-agricultural uses. The program provides funds to States, Indian tribes, or local government entities to leverage their farmland protection programs. The program is carried out through existing farmland protection programs in the State, tribal, or local government entities.
Eligibility Requirements: Any local or State agency, county or groups of counties, municipality, town or township, soil and water conservation district, or Indian tribe or tribal organization, that has a farmland protection program that purchases conservation easements for the purpose of protecting topsoil by limiting conversion to non-agricultural uses of land, and that has pending offers with willing landowners may apply for funds. Potential participating entities must provide written evidence of their commitment to the long-term conservation of agricultural lands through the use of legal devices, such as right-to-farm laws, agricultural districts, zoning, or land use plans; the use of voluntary approaches to protect farmland from conversion to non-agricultural uses; of their capability to acquire, manage, and enforce easement rights or other interests in land; and show that at least 50 percent of the cost of the total easement acquisition is available. Eligible agricultural lands are lands with prime, unique, or other productive soils that have sufficient agricultural support systems and suffer urban development pressure. Individuals must apply through their local agency that handles the purchase of development rights programs.
How To Apply: A Notice of Request for Proposals is published in the Federal Register to announce the application window. Any local or State agency, county or groups of counties, municipality, town or township, soil and water conservation district, or Indian tribe or tribal organization may submit a proposal to an appropriate NRCS State Office to request funds. The application information will be available from the NRCS State Offices and the homepages of the Federal Register (http://www.access.gpo.gov). USDA NRCS (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov). and the Farmland Information Library (http://farmlandinfo.org).
Local Contacts: The NRCS or the Farm Service Agency at the local USDA Service Center, Tribal Conservation District, or local conservation district office.
Available Assistance: Federal funds are obligated through a Cooperative Agreement signed by the USDA and the selected State, Indian tribe, or local entity. Federal funds must be disbursed within 2 years after signing the Agreement.Technical assistance is provided to the landowners in planning, designing, and installing conservation practices.
Authorization: The 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act, Section 388.
Use Restrictions: The Federal share for any easement acquisition shall not exceed 50 percent of the fair market value of the easement. Each cooperating agency is to fund its own administrative costs of acquiring these easements, such as survey or title search, and the costs of managing and enforcing them. Federal funds cannot be used for these administrative costs. Acquisition of an easement or other interests in land is for a minimum duration of 30 years, preferably in perpetuity. A conservation plan is required to ensure responsible land stewardship. A contingent remainder right must be incorporated in the easement deed for the protection of the Federal investment. A failure to abide by the terms of the Cooperative Agreement or of the recorded easement deed may result in the easement rights being vested in the United States and/or for the cooperating entity to reimburse the United States for the Federal share of the easement value.
Nature of Program: The Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) program is designed to reduce threats to life and property in the wake of natural disasters. It provides technical and cost sharing assistance.
Available Assistance: Assistance includes both removing and establishing vegetative cover; gully control; installing streambank protection devices; removing debris and sediment; and stabilizing levees, channels, and gullies. In subsequent storms, EWP projects protect homes, businesses, highways, and public facilities from further damage. Floodplain easements under EWP may be purchased by the Federal Government to help prevent future losses due to natural disasters.
Use Restrictions: The opportunity to participate in this program depends upon whether each individual Indian tribe's constitution permits it to commit to a long-term easement.
Local Contacts: The NRCS office serving the reservation or the appropriate NRCS State Conservationist.
Washington Contact: American Indian Liaison, Community Assistance and Rural Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250, telephone: (202) 720-8576.
The Wetland
Conservation Provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985, as Amended (Swampbuster)
Swampbuster has reduced the loss of wetlands resulting from agricultural
activities to the lowest levels on record. Swampbuster helps preserve
the environmental functions and values of wetlands, including flood control,
sediment control, ground water recharge, water quality, wildlife habitat,
recreation, and aesthetics.
The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (the 1996 Act) changed Swampbuster to give producers greater flexibility to comply with wetland conservation requirements and to make wetlands more valuable and functional. The 1996 Act changed the following Swampbuster provisions:
Wetland Determinations
Upon request, NRCS will determine if a producer's or Indian tribe's land
has areas subject to Swampbuster. The agency maintains a list of the plants
and combinations of soils and plants found in wetlands and uses these
technical tools, along with the hydrology of the area, to conduct determinations.
These determinations stay in effect as long as the land is used for agricultural
purposes (unless a violation occurs) or until the producer or Indian tribe
requests a review due to natural events. NRCS certifies previous wetland
determinations upon request.
Mitigation (Offsetting
Losses)
Landowners have more opportunities to work with USDA, tribal or local
conservation districts, or others to choose the best ways to mitigate
wetland losses.
"Minimal Effect"
Determinations
Practices that alter wetlands can now be put on a "fast track" for approval
if NRCS determines that a planned activity is on the list of "categorical
minimal effects." Activities on this list have an insignificant impact
on the functions and values of the landowner's wetland and other wetlands
in the area.
Abandonment
The 1996 Act revised the concept of abandonment. Now, as long as land
is used for agriculture and met prior converted cropland criteria on December
23, 1985, the designation remains in effect. When there is an approved
plan, landowners with farmed wetlands and farmed wetland pasture may allow
an area to revert to wetland status and convert it back to a farmed wetland
or farmed wetland pasture for agricultural purposes without violating
Swampbuster. In addition, areas that met prior converted cropland criteria
on December 23, 1985, may be certified as prior converted cropland upon
request by the landowner.
Authority of the
Secretary of Agriculture
The Secretary of Agriculture now has the authority to waive ineligibility
status, grant time to restore converted wetlands, and, for individual
producers, identify which USDA programs are affected by Swampbuster violations
and the amount of sanctions to be assessed.
Maintaining USDA
Program Eligibility
To maintain eligibility, participants must certify that they have not
produced crops on converted wetlands after December 23, 1985, and did
not convert a wetland after November 28, 1990, to make agricultural production
possible.
If Swampbuster is violated. USDA farm program benefits may be lost. If participants produce a crop on a converted wetland, they may lose benefits for that year. If participants convert a wetland after November 28, 1990, they risk loss of benefits for the year the conversion took place, and for the years that follow until the wetland's functions and values are restored.
Local Contacts: The NRCS office serving the reservation or the appropriate NRCS State Conservationist.
Washington Contact: American Indian Liaison, Community Assistance and Rural Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-8576.
Nature of Program: A significant component of American Indian and Alaska Native self-government is the opportunity to form Tribal Conservation Districts under tribal law.
Available Assistance: NRCS will provide all American Indian and Alaska Native Governments with information on conservation district options and processes for their consideration. The ultimate decision regarding which option an American Indian tribe or Alaska Native Corporation chooses rests with the Indian tribe and the Secretary of Agriculture. If a Tribal Conservation District is formed, NRCS will work with the newly formed district and the Indian tribe or Alaska Native Corporation to establish a cooperative working agreement between the Indian tribe, the Tribal Conservation District, and the NRCS State Conservationist(s). The cooperative working agreement provides an opportunity to establish levels of service from NRCS, the tribal government's role, and to resolve other issues between the tribe and NRCS.
A Tribal Conservation District provides guidance to NRCS for prioritizing program assistance. Under the locally led initiative, a Tribal Conservation District may call the USDA local advisory committee meeting, which establishes local conservation priorities for USDA programs.
Local Contacts: The appropriate NRCS State Conservationist.
Washington Contact: American Indian Liaison, Community Assistance and Rural Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-8576.
The Forest Service (FS), a leader in the conservation and wise use of the Nation's forests and rangelands, is the steward of 156 national forests comprising 191 million acres in 42 States. It also administers 83 experimental forests and ranges, 19 grasslands, and 15 land utilization projects. The Forest Service works with State forestry organizations to help private landowners, including Indian tribes and landowners, to apply good forest practices. The Forest Service performs research to find better ways to manage and use our Nation's resources and provides technical assistance. The Forest Service works with indigenous people in other parts of the world through its Office of International Programs.
The Forest Service is increasingly working with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and individuals on activities and programs.
First, the Forest Service has established a Tribal Government Policy and Program to strengthen growing relationships with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. The program is located in the State and Private Forestry Deputy Area at the Washington Office. Each region and some research stations have Tribal Government staff (Tribal Liaisons). The guiding policy for this program is located in Forest Service Manual directive 1563. The Washington Office Tribal Government Liaison may be contacted at: (202) 205-0892.
The Forest Service National Resource Book on American Indian and Alaska Native Relations promotes cooperative relations with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. The initial publication of 3,000 books was exhausted in 6 weeks and it has been reprinted. Initial distribution was to Forest Service units, and through the units to federally recognized Indian tribes. The Forest Service intends that the FS line officer will provide the book to the Indian tribes in his/her area and discuss it with them. Copies are available from the Forest Service Office of Communica tion at (202) 205-0819.
A second agency action has been the agency-wide employment of American Indians and Alaska Natives. Currently, the FS work force includes about 1,500 American Indians. This figure equals 5.0 percent of the total FS work force of 30,000 people. This compares favorably with the 1.0 percent availability as reflected in the Bureau of the Census, Civilian Labor Force estimates.
Third, specific programs help the agency improve its relationships or partnerships with American Indians and Alaska Natives. Some examples are:
(a) A recruitment partnership with Haskell Indian Nations University (Lawrence, Kansas) which involves establishing a natural resource curriculum. Transfer agreements have been established with 4-year colleges and universities so that the students beginning at Haskell can receive bachelor of arts or advanced degrees.
(b) A partnership has been established with the Southwest Indian Polytechnic Institute (Albuquerque, New Mexico), which established a natural resource technical program and student summer employment program in the region.
(c) A Native American Education Liaison Program has been established in the Office of Civil Rights in the Washington Office. This program assists in the development of research and environmental programs with tribal colleges, extending agency programs to tribal governments and exchanging and sharing technical staffs and skills.
(d) Numerous field practicums, some in cosponsorship with Indian tribes, provide a field natural resource exercise and experience for American Indian and Alaska Native youth. These practicums are: Enhancing tribal relationships, inspiring youth interest in natural resource and environmental management, providing career options, and providing knowledge of the management and care of the national forests and rangelands.
(e) The employment of American Indian and Alaska Native fire crews continues to benefit both the agency, in fire management programs and activities, and individual crew members. This relationship is a long-standing and rewarding one for all involved.
A fourth area of significant relationship with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes has been in the area of forestry technical assistance. With and through the Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Indian tribes have received assistance in such areas as utilization and marketing of natural resources, watershed programs, forestation and tree improvement, general natural resource planning and development, and pest management.
Assistance Available: Grazing permits are granted, but few permits are available by simply asking. Although an applicant has a slight chance of receiving a permit by applying directly to the Forest Service, the most likely opportunity is through the "permit waiver" process. An applicant must buy either (1) the permitted livestock or (2) the base property of an established permittee who signs a waiver to the Forest Service for the permit. The agency then issues a permit to the eligible and qualified buyer of the permitted livestock or base property. The permit waiver process is established by Federal law and regulation.
How To Apply and for More Information: Contact the nearest national forest or ranger district.
Assistance Available: A special use permit or other appropriate authorization is required to occupy and use National Forest System lands for specific purposes and under specific conditions. Such uses include pastures, fences, roads and trails, buildings, water developments, resorts, and commercial enterprises.
Eligibility: Any person, partnership, group, or other business entity, and any agency of the Federal, State, or local government may be considered for a special use authorization.
How To Apply: Persons proposing use on lands within a national forest or national grassland should contact--in person if possible--the local Forest Service office responsible for the affected lands to identify potential constraints, have the proposal considered in light of land management plans, and so that the Forest Service can schedule application processing. Applications may be made by bid, in response to a prospectus, or by letter and are filed with the district ranger or forest supervisor having jurisdiction over the affected land. The district ranger or forest supervisor may need additional information before approving or denying an application and will inform the applicant in a timely fashion if the application has been approved or denied. No privileges are conveyed until a special use permit is issued.
For More Information: Write or call the Lands Staff, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090 (202) 205-1248.
Assistance Available: National forest timber including logs for lumber and plywood, wood fiber for paper, fuelwood, posts, poles, and Christmas trees is available for sale to interested parties. The local district ranger handles such transactions.
How To Apply: Contact the district ranger or the forest supervisor at the nearest Forest Service location.
For More Information: Write or call: Forest Management, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-0893.
Assistance Available: The Forest Service may grant free use of timber from the national forests to residents of the area where a national forest is located. This timber may be used for nonprofit purposes only.
How To Apply: Contact the district ranger or the forest supervisor at the nearest Forest Service location.
For More Information: Write or call: Forest Management, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-0893.
Assistance Available: Provides technical and financial assistance for detecting, evaluating, and controlling outbreaks of forest insects and diseases on tribal lands.
How To Apply: For technical assistance on how to prevent and deal with forest insect and disease outbreaks, contact your nearest Forest Service Forest Health Protection Office. To apply for financial assistance contact your BIA area office.
Assistance Available: Provides cost-sharing (50 percent matching funds) to rural areas and to communities with populations under 10,000 for organizing, training, and equipping rural firefighting forces. Unprotected or poorly protected communities receive priority. Federal excess property is available to rural communities for firefighting; it may need modification or upgrading.
For More Information and How To Apply: Contact a State forester or local State forestry office.
For More Information: Write or call Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Provides cost-sharing to private nonindustrial forest landowners, including Indian tribes, for tree planting and timber stand improvement. To qualify, a person must:
How To Apply: Contact your local State forestry or FSA office.
For More Information: Write or call: Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Provides technical assistance to private nonindustrial forest landowners including Indian tribes, to prepare landowners' forest stewardship plans to meet landowner objectives and to address actions needed to protect and improve soil, water, range, aesthetics, recreation, timber, and fish and wildlife resources.
How To Apply: Individual landowners and groups needing technical assistance should apply through their State forestry agency.
For More Information: Write or call Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Provides cost-sharing to eligible private nonindustrial landowners including Indian tribes, for tree planting and improvement, establishing windbreaks, protecting soil and water, improving fish and wildlife habitat, aesthetics, and forest recreation, To qualify, a person must:
How To Apply: Contact your local State forestry agency office or local FSA office.
For More Information: Write or call: Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Provides technical assistance to rural communities that are economically dependent upon forest resources and faced with acute economic problems associated with Federal or private sector land management decisions and policy to help them diversify their economies. Assistance is directed toward communities located in or near National Forest System Lands.
How To Apply: Contact the Forest Service's regional Rural Community Assistance Coordinator.
For More Information: Write or call: Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Addresses the long-term health of rural areas by pursuing ways to stimulate improvements in the economic, social, or environmental well-being of rural residents through technical and financial assistance.
How To Apply: Contact the Forest Service's regional Rural Community Assistance Coordinator.
For More Information: Write or call: Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Provides technical assistance to urban areas to establish, maintain, improve, expand, and protect urban and community-related forests and related greenspace; assists in sustaining healthy forest ecosystems and supporting viable cities, communities, and neighborhoods; and increases public awareness of, and participation in, improving the natural, social, and economic environments of the Nation's urban and community areas.
How To Apply: Contact the Urban and Community Forestry Coordinator at your nearest State Forestry Office.
For More Information: Write or call: Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Provides technical assistance, research, and data for technology transfer and marketing that integrates environmental protection with forest-based economic growth through value-added timber processing, new technologies, and recycling.
How To Apply: Contact State and Private Forestry in the Forest Service regional office.
For More Information: Write or call Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Offers technology transfer and value-added business development assistance for improved transportation and infrastructure and markets for wood. The program strengthens rural economies and increases the value of forests, particularly those with underutilized species.
How To Apply: Contact State and Private Forestry in the Forest Service regional office.
For More Information: Write or call Cooperative Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (202) 205-1389.
Assistance Available: Job Corps is America's oldest, largest, and most comprehensive residential training program for at-risk youth ages 16 to 24. It produces responsible, employable, and productive citizens by providing basic education and vocational education and by assisting in job placement. All programs are self-paced to best meet the needs of each student.
For More Information: Write or call Senior, Youth, Volunteer Programs, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (703) 235-8834.
Senior Community Service Employment Program
Assistance Available: The threefold purpose of this program is to:
Participants must be at least 55 years old and meet the low-income eligibility guidelines established by the Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.
How To Apply: Contact the local FS or Employment Service office.
For More Information: Write or call Senior, Youth, Volunteer Programs, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090-6090. (703) 235-8834.
Assistance Available: A summer employment program for young men and women to further develop the natural resources of the United States. Projects are located on lands administered by the Forest Service and the Department of the Interior's National Park Service and Fish and Wildlife Service. Applicants must be 15-18 years old, must be permanent residents of the United States, its territories or possessions, must have no history of serious criminal or other antisocial behavior, must be physically qualified to participate fully in various work and training projects of the program, or be able to obtain a work permit if one is required under the the State in which they will be working.
How to Apply: Applications may be obtained from local Forest Service and National Park Service offices, and from National Wildlife Refuge and National Fish Hatchery headquarters or offices.
For More Information: Write or call Senior, Youth, Volunteer Programs, U.S. Forest Service, P.O. Box 96090, Washington DC 20090-6090. (703) 235-8834.
The Farm Service Agency administers farm commodity and conservation programs for farmers and makes farm loans. FSA programs are directed primarily at agricultural producers or, in the case of loans, at those with farming experience.
Commodities
Nature of Program: The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
of 1996 (the 1996 Act) replaced deficiency payments for wheat, feed grains,
cotton and rice with 7-year production flexibility contracts covering
the 1996 to 2002 crop years. Payments are fixed in advance and gradually
decline over the 7 years. Farmers can plant any mix of crops, except for
fruits and vegetables, or idle contract acres, and still receive annual
payments, but they must comply with conservation plans and wetland provisions
to be eligible for payments.
Eligibility Requirements. The 1996 Act required USDA to hold a one-time signup which was held from May through July 1996. Producers eligible to receive payments under production flexibility contracts are those enrolled in the 7-year program, except for producers with Conservation Reserve Program contracts expiring after the signup, who may enroll when the Conservation Reserve Program contract expires.
Spending Levels: To the extent practicable, total spending levels for each fiscal year are as follows:
Commodity
Loan Programs
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) finances commodity loan programs
for wheat, rice, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, oilseeds, tobacco,
peanuts, upland and extra-long-staple cotton, and sugar. Loan rates are
designed to keep crops competitive in the marketplace. A producer must
have entered into a production flexibility contract to be eligible for
nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for wheat, feed grains, rice, and
upland cotton. Any production of a contract commodity from a farm enrolled
in a production flexibility contract is eligible to be pledged as collateral
for a loan.
Nonrecourse loans are also available for oilseeds, tobacco, peanuts, extra-long-staple cotton, regardless of whether the producer has entered into a production flexibility contract. Loans are also available to processors and refiners of sugar beets and sugar cane.
FSA Outreach
Programs
The FSA Outreach Program coordinates outreach efforts for all FSA programs.
This office reports directly to the FSA Administrator and includes a full-time
national Native American Liaison.
Several USDA agencies, including FSA, implement an extensive joint outreach effort with the Intertribal Agriculture Council (IAC) to heighten awareness of USDA services available to American Indian and Alaska Native communities. The IAC is a nonprofit corporation of 61 member Indian tribes devoted to improving agriculture as a source of economic development for Indian people. Under the outreach agreement, the IAC conducts USDA informational meetings with tribal governments and hires American Indian outreach workers to facilitate these meetings after receiving training from USDA. FSA also contracted with the IAC to conduct a public affairs campaign in the American Indian media to inform Indian tribes about FSA county committee elections.
FSA has entered into cooperative agreements with the Fond du Lac Community College in Minnesota and the Stone Child Community College in Montana to hire outreach workers who provide information and assistance regarding FSA's farm loan programs to American Indians in those States. These institutions are Land-Grant Tribal Colleges.
Washington Contact: Mike Hill, FSA National Native American Liaison, Suite 508, Portal Building, 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20024; telephone:(202) 260-5918.
Emergency
Assistance
In the aftermath of a natural disaster, FSA makes available a variety
of emergency assistance programs to farmers in counties that have been
designated or declared disaster areas. The agency can offer cost-share
assistance to producers who do not have enough feed to maintain their
eligible livestock because of a loss of a substantial amount of their
normal feed production. Emergency loans are available to eligible farmers
who suffer qualifying losses as a result of a natural disaster. And, to
help rehabilitate farmland damaged by a natural disaster, FSA can often
share the cost of some emergency conservation practices.
Farm Loans
Nature of Programs: FSA's loan programs help family farmers who are temporarily
unable to obtain private, commercial credit. These could be beginning
farmers who have insufficient net worth to qualify for commercial credit
or farmers who have suffered financial setbacks from natural disasters,
or who have limited resources with which to establish and maintain profitable
farming operations.
Some farmers meet their credit needs through loan guarantees. With this loan, a local agricultural lender makes and services the loan, and FSA guarantees it against loss up to a maximum of 90 percent in most cases. In some circumstances, a 95-percent guarantee is available.
FSA also makes direct loans, which are serviced by an FSA official. FSA provides credit counseling and supervision to its direct borrowers by making a thorough assessment of the farming operation.
Eligibility
Requirements for All FSA Loans:
A loan applicant must:
Contact the county FSA office for more details on requirements for loan eligibility.
Farm Ownership
Loans
Eligible applicants may obtain a direct loan or loans up to $200,000,
or a guaranteed loan or loans up to $300,000. The maximum Farm Ownership
loan indebtedness is $300,000. The maximum repayment term is 40 years
for both direct and guaranteed farm ownership loans.
Purpose: In general, loan funds may be used to purchase farm real estate, to enlarge an existing farm, to construct new farm buildings or improve structures, and to improve the environmental soundness of the farm.
Farm Operating
Loans
Eligible applicants may obtain a direct loan for up to a maximum of $200,000,
or up to $400,000 for a guaranteed loan only or a combination of direct
and guaranteed loans. The repayment term may vary but typically will not
exceed 7 years for intermediate-term purposes. Annual operating loans
are generally repaid within 12 months or when the commodities produced
are sold.
Purpose of Loan: These loans are used for normal operating expenses, family living expenses, machinery and equipment, real estate repairs and improvements, and the refinancing of debt.
Loans for
Socially Disadvantaged Persons
Nature of Program: FSA can make and guarantee loans to socially disadvantaged
applicants to buy and operate family-size firms and ranches. Funds specifically
for these loans are reserved each year.
A socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher is one of a group whose members have been subjected to racial, ethnic, or gender prejudice because of their identity as members of the group without regard to their individual qualities.
Purposes of Program: The purposes of this program are to:
Loan Uses: Farm ownership loan funds for socially disadvantaged persons may be used to purchase or enlarge a farm or ranch, purchase easements or rights of way needed in the farm's operation, erect or improve buildings such as a dwelling or barn, promote soil and water conservation and development, and pay closing costs.
Farm operating loan funds may be used to purchase livestock, poultry, farm and home equipment, feed, seed, fuel, fertilizer, chemicals, hail and other crop insurance, food, clothing, medical care, and hired labor. Funds also may be used to install or improve water systems for home use, livestock or irrigation, and other improvements.
In addition to being members of a socially disadvantaged group, applicants under this program must meet all requirements for FSA's regular farm loan program assistance.
Indian Land
Acquisition Loans
Purpose of Program: Indian Land Acquisition Loans enable Indian tribes
to purchase privately held lands that lie within their reservations. Loan
funds may be used to pay expenses incidental to the purchase of the land,
but not for land development.
Eligibility Requirements: Any Indian tribe recognized by the Secretary of the Interior, or a tribal corporation established in accordance with the Indian Reorganization Act.
Loan Uses: Loan funds may be used to buy lands or acquire interest in lands within an Indian reservation or an Alaska Native community incorporated in conformity with the Indian Reorganization Act. Loan funds may not be used for buildings, land development, equipment, or operating expenses.
Beginning
Farmers and Ranchers Loans
Each year Congress targets a percentage of farm ownership and fam operating
loan funds to beginning farmers. Beginning farmers must have been in the
business less than 10 years and meet other requirements concerning land
ownership and management ability.
Farm Ownership Downpayment Loans: Eligible beginning farmer applicants may obtain a direct loan for up to 30 percent of the purchase price of a family-size farm, or the farm's appraised value, whichever is less. Applicants must provide at least a 10-percent downpayment on the purchase. The interest rate on the 30-percent portion is fixed at 4 percent, and it must be repaid in 10 years or less. The remaining balance, not to exceed 60 percent, may be guaranteed by FSA. The purchase price or appraised value of the farm, whichever is lower, cannot exceed $250,000.
Purpose of Loan: To assist beginning farmers and ranchers who are entering agriculture to purchase a farm or ranch. This program also provides a way for retiring farmers to transfer their land to a future generation of farmers and ranchers.
Emergency
Loss Loans
These loans are available only as direct loans from FSA. They assist farmers
who have suffered physical or production losses in areas declared by the
President or designated by the Secretary of Agriculture or the FSA Administrator.
For production loss loans, applicants must demonstrate a 30-percent loss
in a single farming or ranching enterprise and may receive loans up to
a maximum of 80 percent of total production losses.
Purpose of Loan: Emergency Loan funds may be used to restore or replace essential property, or to pay all or part of production costs associated with the disaster year. Emergency Loss loans are used for both operating and real estate, and repayment terms depend upon the loan purpose and type of collateral securing the loan. The loan limit is up to 80 percent of actual loss, with a maximum total indebtedness per borrower of $500,000.
Livestock
Programs
Nature of Program: Emergency Haying and Grazing Assistance may be made
available in areas in which national disaster has substantially reduced
the yield of pasture and forage crops. Requests for assistance may be
initiated by a FSA County Committee, or by a State Governor. The State
Committee then makes a recommendation to the agency. Determinations are
made on a county-by-county basis. If approved, harvesting of hay and/or
livestock grazing is allowed on cropland that has been removed from production
of annual program crops, such as wheat and feed grains.
Other FSA
Disaster Assistance Programs
FSA administers other disaster assistance programs that are not available
at this time. The following programs are suspended under current statutes:
Emergency Feed
Program. (Feed Cost-Sharing Program)
This program allowed the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to share the
costs, with eligible livestock owners at an established rate, of purchases
of livestock feed normally produced on the farm.
Emergency Feed
Assistance Program.
This provided for the sale by CCC of CCC-owned grain, at reduced rates,
to livestock producers who suffered a substantial loss of livestock feed
normally grown on the farm.
Crash Feed Grain
Donation Program.
This program made feed available to livestock that were commingled, stranded,
and unidentified as to owners, or owned by producers temporarily unable
to arrange for feed or pasture.
Emergency
Conservation Program
Nature and Purpose: Funds are available to rehabilitate farmland and rangeland
damage caused by natural disasters such as erosion, floods, hurricanes,
and for carrying out emergency water conservation measures in periods
of severe drought.
Type of Assistance: Emergency funds for cost-sharing with farmers.
Eligibility Requirements: Designation of county or region as eligible under drought or other natural disaster is made at the Washington, DC, level.
Restrictions: Depending on the nature of the damage, USDA may or may not be needed to help with the solution.
How To Apply: Application for assistance should be made to the NRCS office or sub-office serving the reservation. Eligibility is determined by the county committee based on the type and extent of damage.
Local Contacts: Local USDA Service Center, Tribal Conservation District, or local conservation district office.
Conservation
Reserve Program
Nature of Program: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) protects our
most fragile farmland by encouraging farmers to stop growing crops on
highly erodible and other environmentally sensitive acreage. In return
for planting a protective cover of grass or trees on vulnerable property,
the participant receives a rental payment each year of a multiyear contract.
Cost-share payments are also available to help establish permanent areas
of grass, legumes, trees, windbreaks, or plants that improve water quality
and give shelter and food to wildlife.
Eligibility Requirements: To be eligible to be placed in CRP, land must be:
In addition to basic eligibility requirements, the cropland must also meet at least one of the following conditions. Land must be:
How To Apply: Producers submit bids stating an annual rental payment they would accept to convert eligible cropland to permanent vegetative cover. This bid is submitted to the county FSA office during an announced sign up period. USDA notifies persons whose bids are accepted after the close of the signup period. The participant, in return for annual payments, agrees to implement a conservation plan approved by the local conservation district for converting this land to a less intensive use.
FSA works with NRCS and other agencies to deliver other conservation programs, including the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), which helps farmers and ranchers improve their property to protect the environment and conserve soil and water resources.
Flood Risk
Reduction Program
Nature of Program: This provision of the 1996 Act authorizes voluntary
contracts that provide one lump sum payment to producers who farm land
with high flood potential.
Available Assistance: The payment will equal 95 percent of the 7-year Production Flexibility Program payments, and other payments to offset estimated Federal outlays on frequently flooded land. In return, the producer agrees to comply with applicable wetlands and highly erodible land requirements and to forego commodity loans, crop insurance, conservation program payments, and disaster payments.
Local Contacts: The USDA Service Center serving the reservation or the appropriate NRCS State Conservationist.
Washington Contact: American Indian Liaison, Community Assistance and Rural Development Division, NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-8576.
The Noninsured
Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP)
The Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program provides assistance to
producers for crops that cannot be insured. It provides a "safety net"
for farmers who grow such crops, limiting their losses from natural disasters
and helping to manage their overall business risk. NAP protection is free
of charge.
Eligible Crops: Eligible crops include agricultural commodities that are:
Eligibility Requirements: Interested producers must make certain required crop information available to FSA by the NAP program deadlines. Certain farm records must be maintained throughout the year. To ensure that producers will be able to take advantage of NAP assistance, should it become available, operators must meet all program requirements.
Availability: NAP assistance becomes available when natural disaster causes production losses:
PSA may define an eligible area as:
The FSA county committee monitors local weather and crop conditions to determine when to request crop assistance. The committee assesses crop losses and makes recommendations to the FSA State Executive Director, who determines whether to offer assistance.
Producers' reports of crop acreage, crop damage, and actual production are used by the committee in deciding whether to recommend NAP assistance to farmers in the area.
Compensation Limits: NAP compensates for eligible crop losses exceeding 50 percent of the expected yield, based on the average market price of the commodity. Payments are made at a rate comparable to the compensation offered by the catastrophic level of crop insurance, usually 60 percent.
NAP payments to any single producer cannot exceed $100,000 for any given crop year. The payment rate is reduced for any crop that is unharvested or prevented from being planted, to reflect the difference in costs incurred.
Where To Go
for More Information:
FSA publishes commodity fact sheets that summarize the terms of the present
year's program for various commodities. Other fact sheets are available
on loan programs and conservation. These publications are free, and can
be obtained by contacting the county FSA office, listed in telephone directories
under "U.S. Department of Agriculture," or by writing the Farm Service
Agency, Public Affairs Staff, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington,
DC 20250-0506 or by calling (202) 720-5237.
Since FSA's farm programs are administered through local offices, contact your local FSA office or Service Center for program applications and loan requirements, and to apply for FSA programs.
Information on FSA can also be found on the FSA home page at www.fsa.usda.gov
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) is a USDA agency that represents the diverse interests of U.S. farmers and the food and agricultural sector abroad. It also collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about global supply and demand, trade trends, and emerging market opportunities. FAS seeks improved market access for U.S. products and implements programs designed to build new markets and to maintain the competitive position of U.S. products in the global marketplace. FAS also carries out food aid and market-oriented technical assistance programs and operates a variety of congressionally mandated import and export programs. FAS helps USDA and other Federal agencies, U.S. universities, and others enhance the global competitiveness of U.S. agriculture and helps increase income and food availability in developing nations by mobilizing expertise for agriculturally led economic growth.
American Indian
Trade Development Council
Since 1992, FAS has worked with the American Indian Trade Development
Council (AITDC) to market American Indian products in the international
marketplace, primarily in Asia. With FAS support, AITDC participated in
the 1996 China Fisheries and Seafood Expo in Qingdao, China, exhibiting
reservation-produced salmon and seafood. FAS is cosponsoring the Intertribal
Agriculture Council's outreach efforts to American Indians and Alaska
Natives in coordination with other USDA agencies.
Trade Leads
and Buyer Alert
FAS has a number of ongoing programs that can benefit American Indian
and Alaska Native tribes or individuals. Through its Trade Leads service,
U.S. exporters learn about foreign inquiries to purchase U.S. food, farm,
seafood, and forest products. Last year, FAS published over 5,000 trade
leads. Using the Buyer Alert service, U.S. exporters can announce their
products to interested foreign buyers. The Buyer Alert is distributed
to over 14,000 buyers.
Foreign Buyers
List and U.S. Supplier List
FAS also can provide exporters with a Foreign Buyers List that contains
the names of 20,000 buyers of U.S. food products. The list is made available
to U.S. exporters by country or commodity. The U.S. Supplier List includes
suppliers of U.S. food products. The list is made available to FAS overseas
offices that distribute them to foreign buyers seeking U.S. food products.
Food and Agricultural
Trade Shows
FAS sponsors and endorses a variety of food and agricultural trade shows
that provide good avenues to enter the best potential markets for U.S.
products. These shows include about 25 food shows in mature and emerging
market. FAS works with show organizers to secure a high level of services,
and provides a range of marketing and public relations services, and guidance
for new-to-market and new-to-exporting companies. Participation in all
shows is on a first-come, first-served basis.
Market Access
Program
The Market Access Program (MAP) uses funds from USDA's Commodity Credit
Corporation (CCC) to help U.S. producers, exporters, private companies,
and other trade organizations finance promotional activities for U.S.
agricultural products. The MAP encourages development, maintenance, and
expansion of commercial export markets for agricultural commodities, and
includes consumer promotions, market research, technical assistance, and
trade servicing activities.
Trade Assistance
and Promotion Office
The Trade Assistance and Promotion Office (TAPO) serves as the first point
of contact for persons needing assistance in exporting U.S. consumer-ready
foods and agricultural products. Staff members provide basic export counseling
and direct callers to the appropriate USDA office to answer specific technical
questions regarding exports. Additionally, the staff can provide assistance
in obtaining market research reports for various overseas markets. For
assistance, contact
Trade Assistance and
Promotion
Office U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service
AG Box 1052
Washington, DC 20250
Phone:(202)720-7420
Fax: (202) 690-4374
Hearing impaired (TDD): (202) 690-4837
The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (the 1996 Act) created the Risk Management Agency (RMA). The 1996 Act also revised a requirement that producers obtain at least the catastrophic level of crop insurance to be eligible for most USDA farm programs, to allow producers to maintain their eligibility for these farm programs as long as they waived their right to any other emergency crop loss assistance.
RMA improves the economic stability of agriculture by providing producers a sound system of crop insurance. Federal crop insurance covers losses due to unavoidable causes such as drought, excessive moisture, hail, wind, frost, insects, and disease. Currently 62 major crops are insurable. Crop insurance is available exclusively from crop insurance agents. Insurance protection must be purchased prior to sales closing dates that vary by crop and region.
In addition to administering the crop insurance program for the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, RMA is responsible for coordinating an educational outreach program to help producers manage the financial risks inherent in the production and marketing of agricultural commodities. This cooperative effort involves the resources of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extenston Service (CSREES), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and numerous private sector organizations.
RMA also participates with other USDA agencies in an outreach program with the Intertribal Agriculture Council to increase awareness of USDA services available to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Trusts Administered
by the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian land is frequently held in trust by the Department of the Interior's
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) or a tribal governing body and leased to
operators. Indian land held in trust is processed in the same manner as
land held in an irrevocable trust. The name of the trust is the named
insured. Often BIA trusts are referred to as allotments, identied by an
allotment number (e.g., BIA Allotment Number 0006, which is the name of
the trust and consequently the named insured). A separate policy is required
for each allotment with different individual owners. Linkage for certain
USDA farm program benefits for individual American Indians and Alaska
Natives who own parcels of an allotment are established by that trust.
If the trust agreement provides that operators of leased land purchase crop insurance, a power of attorney will be executed by the BIA granting the operator the authority to purchase crop insurace on behalf of the trust.
If the BIA trust does not have an Employer's Identification Number (EIN), a nine-digit number may be established as follows: the first two digits identify the State, the next three the county, and the last four the allotment number.
How To Apply: An agreernent should be prepared for the American Indian or Alaska Native lessor by the inurance representative, signed by the lessee, and attached to the lessee's application. This agreement may be executed in connection with an existing contract or application and must be filed at the service office when an acreage report is filed.
For More Information: Administrator, Risk Management Agency, USDA, Washington, DC 20250. Telephone: (202) 690-2803.
Rural America abounds with promise. USDA Rural Development is helping to fulfill the promise and overcome the problems of the Nation's rural heartland. Rural Development was created in 1994 when rural economic and community development programs that had been splintered among various USDA agencies were forged into a new mission area. With this action, the Farmers Home Administration, Rural Development Administration, Rural Electrification Administration, and Agricultural Cooperative Service passed into history.
Rural Development programs are now administered by three Services at the national level and Rural Development Offices at the State level. The three national level Services are the Rural Business-Cooperative Service (RBS), the Rural Housing Service (RHS), and the Rural Utilities Service (RUS). Rural Development's mission: to create self-sustaining, long-term economic development in areas of pervasive poverty, unemployment, and general distress, and to demonstrate how distressed communities can achieve self-sufficiency through innovative and comprehensive strategic plans developed and implemented by alliances among private, public, and nonprofit entities.
The Rural Business-Cooperative Service provides financial and technical assistance to promote business and cooperative opportunities in rural areas. By leveraging with private funding sources, RBS helps rural communities to create jobs by funding new business start-ups, business expansions, and other business ventures. The Rural Housing Service provides financing for new or improved low and moderate income housing in rural communities. RHS also administers a funding program for community facilities such as fire stations, libraries, hospitals, industrial parks, day care centers, and health clinics. The Rural Utilities Service provides loans and grants for electric service, telecommunications, and water-wastewater. RUS assists rural communities in meeting their infrastructure needs in order to develop the local economy and create jobs.
In addition to the three Services, the Office of Community Development in Rural Development administers the Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities (EZ/EC) program, a Presidential initiative of the Clinton Administration designed to provide economically depressed rural areas and communities with real opportunities for growth and revitalization. Also, the Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization (AARC) Corporation encourages new research and assists with the commercialization of new, nonfood uses of agricultural commodities. AARC's goal is to create jobs, enhance economic development of rural communities, and diversify markets for raw agricultural and forestry products and animal by-products.
In addition to information provided in this guide about its programs, Rural Development has a Website: http.//www.rurdev.usda.gov
Interested individuals should contact their State or local Rural Development offices for information about applying for any of the RHS, RBS, and RUS programs. A list of State offices follows:
ALABAMA MONTANA
Horace Horn Anthony Preite
Sterling Center, Suite 601 900 Technology Blvd., Suite B
4121 Carmichael Rd. PO Box 850
Montgomery, AL 36106-3683 Bozeman, MT 59771
(205) 279-3400 (406) 585-2580
ALASKA NEBRASKA
Ernest Brannon James A. Otto
800 West Evergreen, Suite 201 Federal Bldg., Rm 308
Palmer, AK 99645 100 Centennial Mall N
(907) 745-2176 Lincoln, NE 68508
(402) 437-5551
ARIZONA
Alan Stephens NEVADA
3003 North Central Ave, Suite 900 Sarah Mersereau
Phoenix, AZ 85012 1390 South Curry St.
(602) 280-8700 Carson City, NV 89703-5405
(702) 887-1222
ARKANSAS
John C. Edwards NEW JERSEY
700 W. Capitol Ernest Grunow
P.O. Box 2778 Tarnsfield Plaza, Suite 22
Little Rock, AR 72203 1016 Woodlane Rd.
(501) 324-6281 Mt. Holly, NJ 08060
609) 265-3600
CALIFORNIA
Michael Reyna NEW MEXICO
194 West Main St., Suite F Steven Anaya
Woodland, CA 95695-2915 Federal Building, Rm 3414
(916) 668-2000 517 Gold Avenue, SW
Albuquerque, NM 87102
COLORADO (505) 766-2462
Ruth Rodriguez
655 Parfet St., Rm E-100 NEW YORK
Lakewood, CO 80215 James Bays
(303) 236-2801 The Galleries of Syracuse
441 S. Salina Street, Suite 357
DELAWARE-MARYLAND Syracuse, NY 13202
John Walls (315) 477-6400
4611 So. Dupont Hwy.
P.O. Box 400 NORTH CAROLINA
Camden, DE 19934-9998 James Kearney
(301) 697-4300 4405 Bland Road, Suite 260
Raleigh, NC 27609
FLORIDA (919) 873-2000
Ronald G. Whitfield (Acting)
4440 NW 25th Pl. NORTH DAKOTA
P.O. Box 147010 Charles Mertens
Gainesville, FL 32614-7010 Federal Building, Rm 208
(904) 338-3400 3rd & Rosser, PO Box 1737
Bismarck, ND 58502
GEORGIA (701) 250-4781
Laura Jean Meadows
Stephens Federal Building OHIO
355 E. Hancock Ave. Linda Page
Athens, GA 30610 Federal Building, Rm 507
(706) 546-2162 200 North High Street
Columbus, OH 43215
HAWAII (614) 469-5606
Francis Blanco
Federal Bldg., Rm 311 OKLAHOMA
154 Waianuenue Avenue Charles Rainbolt
Hilo, HI 96720 USDA Agricultural Center
(808) 933-3000 Stillwater, OK 74074
(405) 742-1000
IDAHO
Loren Nelson OREGON
3232 Elder Street Scott Duff
Boise, ID 83705 101 SW Main St., Suite 1410
(208) 334-1301 Portland, OR 97204-2333
(503) 414-3300
ILLINOIS
Wallace Furrow PENNSYLVANIA
Illlini Plaza, Suite 103 Cheryl Cook
1817 South Neil Street 1 Credit Union Place, Suite 330
Champaign, IL 61820 Harrisburg, PA 17110-2996
(217) 398-5235 (717) 782-4476
INDIANA PUERTO RICO
John Thompson Ileana Echegoyen
5975 Lakeside Blvd. New San Juan Office Bldg., Rm 501
Indianapolis, IN 46278 159 Carlos E. Chardon Street
(317) 290-3100 Hato Rey, PR 00918-5481
(809) 766-5095
IOWA
Ellen Huntoon SOUTH CAROLINA
Federal Building, Rm 873 Bernie Wright
210 Walnut Street Strom Thurmond Federal Bldg.
Des Moines, IA 50309 1835 Assembly Street, Rm 1007
(515) 284-4663 Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 765-5163
KANSAS
Bill Kirk SOUTH DAKOTA
1201 SW Summit Exec. Crt Dallas Tonsager
P.O. Box 4653 Federal Building, Rm 308
Topeka, KS 66604 200 4th Street SW
(913) 271-2700 Huron, SD 57350
(605) 352-1100
KENTUCKY
Tom Fern TENNESSEE
771 Corporate Plaza David Seivers
Suite 200 3322 West End Ave., Suite 300
Lexington, KY 40503 Nashville, TN 37203-1071
(606) 224-7300 (615) 783-1308
LOUISIANA TEXAS
Austin Cormier Steven A. Carriker (Acting)
3727 Government Street Federal Building, Suite 102
Alexandria, LA 71302 101 South Main
(318) 473-7920 Temple, TX 76501
(817) 774-1301
MAINE
Seth Bradstreet UTAH
444 Stillwater Avenue, Suite 2 James Harvey
P.O. Box 405 Federal Building, Rm 5438
Bangor, ME 04402-0405 125 South State Street
(207) 990-9106 Salt Lake City, UT 84138
(801) 524-4063
MASS/RHODE ISLAND/CONN
William Bradley VERMONT/NEW HAMPSHIRE/VI
451 West Street Roberta Harold
Amherst, MA 01002 City Center, 3rd Floor
(413) 253-4300 89 Main St.
Montpelier, VT 05602
MICHIGAN (802) 828-6001
Donald Hare
3001 Coolidge Rd., Suite 200 VIRGINIA
East Lansing, MI 48823 Lloyd A. Jones
(517) 337-6635 Culpeper Building, Suite 238
1606 Santa Rosa Road
MINNESOTA Richmond, VA 23229
Gary DeCramer (804) 287-1550
410 AgriBank Bldg.
375 Jackson Street WASHINGTON
St. Paul, MN 55101 Mary McBride
(612) 602-7835 Federal Building, Rm 319
301 Yakima St., PO Box 2427
MISSISSIPPI Wenatchee, WA 98807
George E. Irvin (509) 664-0240
Federal Building, Rm 831
100 W. Capitol Street WEST VIRGINIA
Jackson, MS 39269 Robert Lewis
(601) 965-4316 75 High Street
P.O. Box 678
MISSOURI Morgantown, WV 26505
William Shay (304) 291-4791
601 Business Loop 70 West
Parkade Center, Suite 235 WISCONSIN
Columbia, MO 65203 Bryce Luchterhand
(314) 876-0976 4949 Kirschling Crt.
Stevens Point, WI 54481
(715) 345-7600
WYOMING
Derrel L. Carruth
Federal Building, Rm 1005
P.O. Box 820
Casper, WY 82602
(307) 261-5271
Nature and Purpose: The Business and Industry (B&I) Direct Loan Program provides loans to public entities and private parties who cannot obtain credit from other sources. Loans to private parties can be made for improving, developing, or financing business and industry, creating jobs, and improving the economic and environmental climate in rural communities (including pollution abatement).
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible applicants include any legally organized entity, including cooperatives, corporations, partnerships, trusts and other profit or nonprofit entities, Indian tribes or federally recognized tribal groups, municipalities, counties, any other political subdivision of a State, and individuals. Loans are available to those who cannot obtain credit elsewhere and for public bodies.
Use Restrictions: This type of assistance is available in rural areas (this includes all areas other than cities of more than 50,000 people and their immediately adjacent urban or urbanizing areas).
Special Conditions and Terms:
Project Examples: Business or industrial acquisition, construction, enlargement, conversion, repair and improvement; purchase and development of land, easements, buildings facilities, leases, equipment, machinery, supplies, and materials.
Nature and Purpose: The Business and Industry (B&I) Guaranteed Loan Program helps create jobs and stimulates rural economies by providing financial backing for rural businesses. This program guarantees up to 80 percent of a loan made by a commercial lender. The primary purpose is to create and maintain employment and improve the economic climate in rural communities. This is achieved by expanding the lending capability of private lenders in rural areas, helping them make and service quality loans that provide lasting community benefits.
Eligibility Requirements: Assistance under the B&I Guaranteed Loan Program is available to virtually any legally organized entity, including a cooperative, corporation, partnership, trust or other profit or nonprofit entity, Indian tribe or federally recognized tribal group, municipality, county, or other political subdivision of a State. Applicants need not have been denied credit elsewhere to apply for this program.
Authorized Lenders: B&I loan guarantees can be extended to loans made by commercial or other authorized lenders in rural areas (this includes all areas other than cities of more than 50,000 people and their immediately adjacent urban or urbanizing areas). Generally, authorized lenders include Federal or State chartered banks, credit unions, insurance companies, savings and loan associations, Farm Credit Banks or other Farm Credit System institutions with direct lending authority, a mortgage company that is part of a bank holding company, and the National Rural Utilities Finance Corporation. Other loan sources include eligible Rural Utilities Service electric and telecommunications borrowers and other lenders approved by RBS who have met the designated criteria.
Use Restrictions: This type of assistance is available in rural areas (this includes all areas other than cities of more than 50,000 people and their immediately adjacent urban or urbanizing areas).
Special Conditions and Terms:
Project Examples: Loan proceeds may be used for working capital, machinery and equipment, buildings and real estate, and certain types of debt refinancing.
Nature and Purpose: The purpose of the Intermediary Relending Program (IRP) is to finance business facilities and community development projects in rural areas. This is achieved through loans made by the Rural Business-Cooperative Service (RBS) to intermediaries. Intermediaries relend funds to ultimate recipients for business facilities or community development. Intermediaries establish revolving loan funds so collections from loans made to ultimate recipients in excess of necessary operating expenses and debt payments will be used for more loans to ultimate recipients.
Eligibility Requirements: Eligible intermediaries include public bodies, nonprofit corporations, Indian tribes, and cooperatives. Intermediaries must have legal authority to carry out the proposed loan purposes and to incur and repay the debt, have a record of successfully assisting rural business and industry, normally including experience in making and servicing commercial loans, and provide adequate assurance of repayment.
Ultimate recipients may be private or public organizations or individuals.
At least 51 percent of the owners or members of both intermediaries and ultimate recipients must be United States citizens or admitted for permanent residency. Both intermediaries and ultimate recipients must be unable to obtain the proposed loan elsewhere at reasonable rates and terms.
Use Restrictions: All of the IRP loan funds received by an intermediary must be reloaned to ultimate recipients. Interest income and fees may be used for administrative costs, technical assistance to borrowers, or debt retirement. All collections from the operation of the IRP revolving loan fund that are not used for the above authorized expenses must be made available for relending to eligible ultimate recipients. Loans from intermediaries to ultimate recipients must be for the establishment of new businesses, the expansion of existing businesses, creation of employment opportunities, saving of existing jobs, or community development projects.
Nature and Purpose: Rural Business Enterprise Grants help public bodies, nonprofit corporations, and federally recognized Indian tribal groups finance and facilitate development of small and emerging private business enterprises located in rural areas (this includes all areas other than cities of more than 50,000 people and their immediately adjacent urban or urbanizing areas).
Eligibility Requirements: Eligibility is limited to public bodies, private nonprofit corporations, and federally recognized Indian tribal groups. Public bodies include incorporated towns and villages, boroughs, townships, counties, States, authorities, districts, Indian tribes on Federal and State reservations, and other federally recognized Indian tribal groups in rural areas.
Use Restrictions: Funds may be used to facilitate the development of small and emerging private business enterprises. Costs that may be paid from grant funds include the acquisition and development of land and the construction of buildings, plants, equipment, access streets and roads, parking areas, and utility and service extensions; refinancing; fees for professional services; technical assistance and training associated with technical assistance; startup operating costs and working capital; providing financial assistance to a third party; production of television programs to provide information to rural residents; and creation, expansion, and operation of rural distance learning networks. Grants may also be made to establish or fund revolving loan programs.
Grants cannot be used for:
Special Conditions and Terms:
Nature and Purpose: Rural Business Opportunity Grant funds provide for technical assistance, training, and planning activities that improve economic conditions in rural areas. RBS is designing the program to promote sustainable economic development in rural communities with exceptional needs.
Eligibility Requirements: Nonprofit corporations and public bodies are eligible. Applicants must be located in rural areas (this includes all areas other than cities of more than 50,000 people and their immediately adjacent urban and urbanizing areas).
Use Restrictions: Grant funds can be used to identify and analyze business opportunities, to provide technical assistance to rural entrepreneurs and managers, to establish business support centers for community economic development planning, and they may also be used to establish centers for training with technology and trade that provide assistance to rural businesses in using interactive communication technologies to develop export markets.
Cooperative Services: The RBS Cooperative Services program helps rural residents form new cooperative businesses and improve the operations of existing cooperatives (user-owned businesses). To accomplish this, Cooperative Services provides technical assistance to cooperatives, conducts cooperative-related research, and produces educational materials that promote public understanding of cooperatives.
Rural Economic Development Loans and Grants: Rural Economic Development loans and grants are available to any Rural Utilities Service electric or telecommunications borrower to assist in developing rural areas from an economic standpoint, to create new job opportunities, and to help retain existing employment. Loans at zero interest are made primarily to finance business startup ventures and business expansion projects.
Rural Venture Capital Demonstration Program: The Rural Venture Capital Demonstration Program designates up to 10 community development venture capital organizations to demonstrate the usefulness of guarantees to attract increased investment in private business enterprises in rural areas. Such organizations must establish a rural business private investment pool to make equity investments in rural private business enterprises.
Nature and Purpose: The Rural Housing Service (RHS) offers two types of homeownership loans: guaranteed and direct. The purpose is to provide homeownership opportunities to low and moderate income rural families and individuals through financing--with no down payment and at favorable rates and terms--either through a direct loan with RHS or with a loan from a private financial institution which is guaranteed by RHS. These loans are for the purchase, construction, rehabilitation, or relocation of a home.
Eligibility Requirements: Individual citizens or eligible noncitizens who meet the applicable income limits and other eligibility requirements for the specific type of assistance requested.
Applications: Organizations are encouraged to consult with the Rural Development local, State or national office for information.
Special Conditions and Terms:
Nature and Purpose: Self-Help Housing loans help groups of six to ten low-income families build their own homes by providing materials and the skilled labor they cannot furnish themselves. The families must agree to work together until all homes are finished.
Nature and Purpose: The program has been designed to increase the supply of affordable multi- family housing through partnerships between Rural Housing Service (RHS) and major lending sources, as well as State and local housing finance agencies and bond insurers. The program provides effective new forms of Federal credit enhancement for the development of affordable multi-family housing by lenders.
Eligibility Requirements: The applicant in this program is the lender that will use the guarantee as a credit enhancement and, therefore, be more likely to make the loan. The lender must be approved by RHS, HUD, or be a State Housing Finance Agency. The projects must be located in rural areas as defined by the agency. Occupants must be very-low-income, low-income, moderate-income, elderly, handicapped, or a disabled person. Income may not exceed 115 percent of the median income.
Special Conditions and Terms:
Nature and Purpose: Apartment living is often an alternative for people who cannot afford the purchase price and maintenance costs of their own individual houses. Rural Rental Housing loans are made to finance building construction and site development of multi-family units for people with low, very low, and moderate incomes. Some units are reserved for people aged 62 and over. Loans can be made in this program to construct housing that will be operated in cooperative form, but loan funds may not be used to finance individual units within the project.
Eligibility Requirements: Rural Rental Housing loans can be made to individuals, trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships, State or local public agencies, consumer cooperatives, or profit and nonprofit corporations. Nonprofit corporations may be organized on a multi-county basis.
Special Conditions and Terms:
Use Restrictions: Loans can be made in this program to construct housing that will be operated in cooperative form, but loan funds may not be used to finance individual units within the project.
Project Examples: Construction of rental housing including congregate and group homes.
Nature and Purpose: These grants help low-income homeowners repair and rehabilitate their homes. Rental property owners can use them to repair and rehabilitate their units if they agree to make such units available to low-income families.
Eligibility Requirements: Grants may be made to individuals, public bodies, Indian tribes, or public or private nonprofit corporations serving rural areas.
Applications: Notice of funding availability is announced in the Federal Register stating the opening and closing dates for preapplications.
Use Restrictions: Grantees may use up to 20 percent of the Housing Preservation Grant for program administration.
Project Examples: Replacement of the heating system and electrical wiring; repair of structural supports and foundations; replacement of the roof; replacement of severely deteriorated siding, porches, or stoops; alterations of the unit's interior or exterior to provide greater accessibility for any handicapped person.
Nature and Purpose: The Rural Housing Service (RHS) can make and guarantee loans and grants to develop essential community facilities in rural areas and towns of up to 50,000 in population. RHS can guarantee loans made and serviced by lenders such as banks, savings and loans, mortgage companies which are part of bank holding companies, banks of the Farm Credit System, or insurance companies regulated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. RHS can also make direct loans to applicants who are unable to obtain commercial credit.
Eligibility Requirements: Loans, guarantees and grants are available to public entities such as municipalities, counties, and special-purpose districts, as well as to nonprofit corporations and tribal governments. In addition, applicants must have the legal authority to borrow and repay loans, to pledge security for loans, and to construct, operate, and maintain the facilities. They must also be financially sound and able to organize and manage the facility effectively. Repayment of the loan must be based on tax assessments, revenues, fees, or other sources of money sufficient for operation and maintenance, reserves, and debt retirement.
Special Conditions and Terms:
How To Apply: Organizations may apply at any time but are encouraged to consult with the Rural Development local, State, or national office for information.
Use Restrictions: Loan funds may be used to construct, enlarge, or improve community facilities for health care, public safety, and public services. This can include costs to acquire land needed for a facility, pay necessary professional fees, and purchase equipment required for its operation.
Project Examples: Health Care (clinics, ambulatory care centers, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes), Telecommunications (medical and educational telecommunication links), Public Safety (communication centers, police and fire stations, fire trucks, rescue vehicles, and jail), Public Services (adult and child care centers, city halls, courthouses, airports, garages, off- street parking facilities, sidewalks, street improvements, college classrooms and dormitories, libraries, museums, schools, fairgrounds, and animal shelters).
Nature and Purpose: The Rural Housing Native American Pilot (RHNAP) loan program is a program jointly developed by the Rural Housing Service (RHS) and Fannie Mae. The program is a part of the Section 502 Guaranteed Rural Housing (GRH) loan program. It has been modified to make the program viable on restricted American Indian and Alaska Native tribal lands. The purpose of the program is to assist individual members of Indian or Alaska Native tribes to obtain adequate but modest, decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings and related facilities for their own use on Indian reservation lands or restricted lands that are held in trust for Indian tribes.
Eligibility Requirements:
Applicants: Individual members of any federally recognized Indian or Alaska Native tribes that have been approved by Fannie Mae and RHS to participate in the pilot are eligible to participate. The income of the applicant cannot exceed 115 percent of the area's median income, adjusted for family size.
Indian Tribes: Indian tribes must be approved by Fannie Mae and RHS to participate in the pilot before applicants are eligible for loans guaranteed by RHS. Fannie Mae and RHS must review the laws of the Indian tribe to determine whether there are adequate protections for mortgage lending. The Indian tribe must enter into a Memorandum of Understanding with Fannie Mae and RHS to ensure among other things, that lenders can enforce the mortgage related documents, and can foreclose and evict in tribal court.
Lenders: Lenders must be approved by RHS to participate in the GRH program and have Fannie Mae approval.
Eligible Properties: One-family, owner-occupied, principal residences that qualify as modest rural housing under the Section 502, GRH program are eligible. Homes must be located on Indian reservation lands or other restricted lands that are held in trust for Indian tribes, including fee simple lands that are subject to "tribal" restrictions against alienation. The Indian trust lands or restricted lands of the Indian tribe must be approved by Fannie Mae and RHS to participate in the pilot. Individual allotments and unrestricted fee simple lands are not eligible.
There are currently 16 Indian tribes in 11 States participating in the RHNAP program. They are: Gila River Indian Community and Navajo Nation in Arizona; Pueblo of San Juan and Pueblo of Pajoaque in New Mexico; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal Council and Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation in Montana; Lac Courte Oreilles Governing Board and Oneida Tribal Council in Wisconsin; Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians in Michigan; Seminole Tribe in Florida; Cheyenne River Sioux Tribal Council in South Dakota; Omaha Tribal Council in Nebraska; Oneida Indian Nation in New York; Fort Mojave Tribal Council in California; and Pala Band of Mission Indians in California.
Applications: Interested applicants can contact the Rural Development office in States where eligible Indian tribes exist to obtain information on the GRH program. Applicants must apply for a GRH loan through a lender approved by Rural Development and Fannie Mae.
Nature and Purpose:
Direct loans may be made to develop water and wastewater systems, including solid waste disposal and storm drainage, in rural areas and to cities and towns with a population of 10,000 or less. Funds are available to public entities, such as municipalities, counties, special-purpose districts, and Indian tribes. In addition, funds may be made available to corporations operated on a not-for-profit basis. Priority will be given to public entities, in areas with less than 5,500 people, to restore a deteriorating water supply, or to improve, enlarge, or modify a water facility or an inadequate waste facility. Also, preference will be given to requests which involve the merging of small facilities and those serving low-income communities. Applicants must be unable to obtain funds from other sources at reasonable rates and terms. The maximum term for all loans is 40 years; however, no repayment period will exceed State statutes or the useful life of the facility. Interest rates may be obtained from Rural Development field offices.
Guaranteed loans may be made for the same purpose as direct loans. They are made and serviced by lenders such as banks and savings and loan associations. Normally, guarantees will not exceed 80 percent on any loss of interest and principal on the loan.
The purpose of water and waste disposal grants is to reduce water and waste disposal costs to a reasonable level for users of the system. Grants may be made, in some instances, up to 75 percent of eligible project costs. Eligible applicants are the same as for loans.
Use of Proceeds: Direct and guaranteed loans may be made to develop water and wastewater systems including solid waste disposal and storm drainage, in rural areas and to cities and towns with a population of 10,000 or less. Grants are made to reduce water and waste disposal costs to a reasonable level for users of the system.
Eligibility: Funds are available to public entities, such as municipalities, counties, special-purpose districts, and Indian tribes. In addition, funds may be made available to corporations operated on a not-for-profit basis.
Special Conditions and Terms:
Project Examples: Construction of water lines, pumping stations, wells, storage tanks, and sewage treatment facilities.
Applications: Information about the water and waste disposal programs and advice on how to assemble information to determine engineering feasibility, economic soundness, cost estimates, organization, financing, and management matters, may be obtained from Rural Development field offices. These offices are usually listed in local telephone directories under the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Nature and Purpose: This program makes grants to public and private nonprofit organizations to provide technical assistance and training to associations located in rural areas and to cities and towns with a population of 10,000 or less to reduce or eliminate pollution of water resources, and improve planning and management of solid waste facilities. Assistance may be provided to enhance operator skills in operations and maintenance, identify threats to water resources, and reduce the solid waste stream.
Use of Proceeds: To finance projects designed to reduce or eliminate pollution of water resources and improve planning and operations of solid waste facilities.
Special Conditions and Terms:
Project Examples: Training programs for solid waste management.
Nature and Purpose: Provides funding for distance learning and telemedicine projects to encourage and improve the use of telecommunications and computer networks to provide educational and medical linkages for rural areas.
Eligibility: The following applicants are eligible to receive a grant or loan under the DLT program: 1) Indian tribes, consortiums or partnerships, and other incorporated organizations that operate educational or medical facilities in rural areas; and 2) rural schools, libraries, hospitals, health care clinics, and related organizations that operate rural educational or health care facilities.
Deadline: Applications for loans are accepted year-round and are reviewed as received. Applications for financial assistance will be accepted year-round, but awarded once each fiscal year.
Special Conditions and Terms:
Project Examples: Interactive video network between rural high schools and urban centers of higher learning; interactive video and telecommunications networks to provide rural medical centers with access to urban specialists.
Technical Assistance and Training Grants: The purpose of this program is to make grants to nonprofit organizations to provide technical assistance and training to associations located in rural areas and to cities and towns with a population of 10,000 or less. Assistance may be provided to identify and evaluate solutions to water and waste disposal problems, to improve the operation and maintenance of existing water and waste disposal facilities, and to assist associations in preparing applications for water and waste disposal facilities.
Rural Water Circuit Rider Technical Assistance: This program provides on-site technical assistance to help assure cost-effective operation of rural water systems. RUS has assisted rural water systems, via contracting, with day-to-day operational financial and management problems. The assistance is provided at no charge and may be requested by officials of rural water systems or by Rural Development personnel. It complements supervisory assistance provided by Rural Development personnel.
USDA's Food and Consumer Service (FCS) provides three types of programs that benefit American Indian and Alaska Native tribes, or that are of special interest to American Indians.
FCS administers the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations for American Indian households living on or near certain reservations recognized by the Federal or State government.
FCS provides three programs that specifically mention Indian tribes, including the Food Stamp Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP). Special provisions of the law (or regulation in the case of CSFP) permit Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs) to administer the program where appropriate. All low-income households, including American Indian households, may be eligible for food stamps, while low-income households with pregnant and postpartum women and their infants and young children may also be eligible for WIC or CSFP.
FCS provides several Child Nutrition Programs from which American Indians can benefit. These include the National School Lunch Program, the School Breakfast Program, the Child and Adult Care Food Program, the Special Milk Program, and the Summer Food Service Program.
FCS administers the Food Distribution Program, which provides commodities to needy people in charitable institutions and contributes to the Nutrition Programs for the Elderly Program administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (The program has a special Indian Tribal component.)
The Food Distribution Program also donates food to needy persons in declared areas through disaster relief agencies.
Nature and Purpose: FCS donates food to help meet the nutritional needs of low-income households on Indian reservations and American Indian households near these reservations. The program also helps to expand markets for food that American farmers produce. USDA commodities are distributed to eligible households on a monthly basis, usually from warehouse facilities located on reservations. Participating agencies are either eligible ITOs or agencies of State government. The distributing agents order food items from a list of approved USDA commodities, taking into account local American Indian household food preferences.
Participants also receive information about nutrition, food storage, sanitary food preparation methods, and suggestions for recipes using donated food from nutritionists, county extension agents, home economists, and other sources.
Eligibility Requirements:
Participating Agency Eligibility: Participating food distribution agencies at the State level or ITOs may apply to administer the program. Once the request is approved, the participating agency submits a State plan of operations.
Participant Eligibility: All households residing on an Indian reservation or American Indian households residing in designated service areas who meet income and resource eligibility criteria are eligible. The income standards used to determine FDPIR eligibility are based on Food Stamp Program net monthly income limits, plus the food stamp standard deduction.
Local Contacts: Currently, 215 Indian tribes operate FDPIR. The program is administered locally by 92 ITOs and 6 State distributing agencies. General information on FDPIR and a list of the agencies that operate FDPIR can be obtained from the Household Programs Branch, Food Distribution Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, Room 502, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302. Telephone (703) 305-2662.
Printed Information Available: Printed information includes the regulations, 7 CFR 253, "Administration of the Food Distribution Program for Households on Indian Reservations"; 7 CFR 254, "Administration of the Food Distribution Program for Indian Households in Oklahoma"; and FCS Handbook 501, "The Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations."
Authorizing Legislation: Section 4(b) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, and Section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973, as amended.
Administering Agency: Food and Consumer Service, USDA.
Available Assistance: The FDPIR food package contains a wide variety of commodities that are issued to households according to guide rates based on household size.
Households also receive information about nutrition and health, and suggestions for making the most nutritious use of the commodity foods. A recipe book, "Quick and Easy Commodity Recipes for the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations," has been available since 1990.
Technical assistance to ITOs and State agencies administering the program is available from FCS Regional Offices. Administrative costs are provided by FCS at no more than 75 percent of approved administrative costs unless exceptions are granted.
Use Restrictions: Food is made available without charge to qualified households. Donated foods are not to be sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of without prior, specific approval of the Department. Funds provided must be expended to assist in meeting operating expenses incurred in administering food distribution programs. These funds may not be used to purchase real property (land and buildings).
Appropriations for FY 1997 by USDA: $66.1 million provided under the Food Stamp Program account.
Washington Contacts: Les Johnson, Director, Food Distribution Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, Room 503, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Related Programs: Food Stamp Program.
Nature and Purpose: The present Food Stamp Program (Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended) helps low-income households buy more food for a more nutritious diet. It is a cooperative Federal-State effort to provide an allotment of food coupons to eligible households in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying Territories of the Virgin Islands and Guam.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: State agencies request the program from FCS. All States currently participate. The State agency is responsible for conducting the Food Stamp Program in each State. The State agency is also responsible for conducting the Food Stamp Program on Indian reservations unless the Secretary of Agriculture determines that a State is failing to properly administer the program. If such failure on the part of the State is determined, and if the Secretary also determines that an ITO is capable of operating an efficient and effective program, then the ITO may be allowed to administer the program.
Beneficiary Eligibility: Eligibility is based on household income, household size, and level of resources. In addition to financial criteria, the household must meet several nonfinancial standards that include citizenship or legal alien status, work registration, etc.
How To Apply: Households apply through their local food stamp certification office. This office provides an application for the Food Stamp Program to any person upon request, and must accept an identifiable application on the same day that contact is first made. The certification office must determine eligibility within 30 days and, if approved, the household receives an allotment retroactive to the date of application. Expedited service is available for households determined to be destitute.
Whom To Contact: On the national level, contact the Deputy Administrator, Food Stamp Program, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302. Refer to the list at the end of this chapter for regional contacts.
Printed Information Available: Printed information may be obtained from the Director, Office of Public Information, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Authorizing Legislation: The Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, 7 U.S.C. 2011-2036.
Available Assistance: Direct payments of food coupons for specified use, at no charge to beneficiaries. Participating households can use the food coupons to purchase the following items at participating retailers:
Food stamps in Alaska may be used by certain eligible households to purchase some kinds of equipment such as fish hooks and harpoons for procuring food by hunting and fishing.
Use Restrictions: Coupons may be used by beneficiaries only to purchase food items in authorized food stores. However, except in the cases listed above, meals or hot food may not be purchased; nonfood items, including alcoholic beverages, household materials, or tobacco, may not be purchased with food stamps.
Appropriations for FY 1997: $26.3 billion.
Washington Contacts: Deputy Administrator, Food Stamp Program, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Local Contacts: See list below for regional contacts.
Related Programs: Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations, Needy Family Food Distribution Program, Child Nutrition Programs, WIC, Public and Non-Public Assistance Programs, and Supplemental Security Income Program.
Nature and Purpose: The program provides specific supplemental food, nutrition education, and health care referrals to low-income pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women, infants, and children up to age 5, who are determined by a competent professional authority to be at nutritional risk.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: WIC is administered by State health departments. In addition, ITOs, bands, groups, or their authorized representatives recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, or the appropriate area office of the Indian Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, may also serve as WIC State agencies. Thirty-three Indian State agencies are currently operating WIC Programs. Additionally, other States are serving American Indians and Alaska Natives as part of their own administration of the program.
Beneficiary Eligibility: There are three eligibility criteria for categorically eligible persons:
How To Apply:
Whom To Contact: On the national level, contact the Director, Supplemental Food Programs Division, Food and Consumer Service, Special Nutrition Program, 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 540, Alexandria, VA 22302; telephone (703) 305-2730. Refer to the list at the end of this chapter for regional offices or contact the State health department.
Printed Information Available: Numerous publications are available which provide general program information and discuss such topics as nutrition education, supplemental foods, breastfeeding, and retailer education. Materials should be requested at the National Office, listed above under "Whom To Contact."
Video Available: FCS developed a video on prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome specifically for American Indian and Alaska Native WIC participants. The video, called "Sacred Trust--Protect Your Baby Against Fetal Alcohol Syndrome," won the Council on International Non-Theatrical Events and Cinema in Industry award. The video is available at the National Office, listed above under "Whom To Contact."
Authorizing Legislation: Section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, as amended. (42 U.S.C. 1786.)
Administering Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Service.
Available Assistance: See above.
Use Restrictions: None.
Appropriations for FY 1997: $3.7 billion.
Nature and Purpose: The Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) works to improve the health of pregnant women, new mothers, infants, children, and elderly people. It provides USDA food and funds to States to supplement the diets of low-income infants; children up to the age of 6; pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women; and persons 60 years of age or older.
CSFP serves a population similar to that served by USDA's WIC Program, but CSFP provides food rather than the food vouchers that WIC participants receive. CSFP operates in some areas where WIC is not available. Eligible people cannot participate in both programs at the same time.
Eligibility Requirements: State agencies set the eligibility standards for participants and distribute the food to public and nonprofit private local agencies. Women, infants, and children must be eligible for benefits under another Federal, State, or local food, health, or welfare program for low-income people.
Elderly people must have an annual gross income at or below 130 percent of the Federal Poverty Income Guidelines (currently $13,793 for a family of two).
States may establish a residency requirement, but cannot establish a minimum duration of residency. States may also set a requirement that participants be at nutritional risk. That assessment can be based on a variety of measures, including height and weight measurements and blood tests. Examples of nutritional risk conditions include anemia and inappropriate weight for height.
Local Contacts: CSFP operates in 19 States (including the District of Columbia) through programs run by 68 local agencies and two ITOs. A list of State and local agencies that operate CSFP can be obtained from the Household Programs Branch, Food Distribution Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, Room 502, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302, telephone (703) 305-2662.
Printed Information Available: CFSP regulations at 7 CFR 247, "Commodity Supplemental Food Program."
Authorizing Legislation: Section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973, as amended.
Administering Agency: Food and Consumer Service, USDA.
Available Assistance: Food packages geared to different categories of participants; nutrition education; and referrals to health care and to other welfare and health care programs, such as food stamps, Medicaid, and Medicare.
Use Restrictions: Food is made available for distribution without charge to qualified participants. Donated foods are not to be sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of without prior, specific approval of the Department. Funds provided must be expended to assist in meeting operating expenses incurred in administering CSFP.
Appropriations for FY 1997 by USDA: $76 million.
Washington Contacts: Les Johnson, Director, Food Distribution Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, Room 503, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Related Programs: USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Nature and Purpose: The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) makes nutritious low-cost lunches available to children in schools of high school grade or under. USDA provides participating schools with basic cash and commodity assistance for each lunch served in accordance with prescribed nutritional standards. Additional cash assistance is provided for each of those lunches served free or at a reduced price to needy children. Cash assistance is also available for meal supplements served in after-school care programs operated by certain schools.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: State agencies request the program from FCS. The State agency is responsible for conducting the program. State agencies administer the program in schools through school food authorities, that is, the governing body of participating schools at the local level. Schools eligible to participate include schools of high school grade or under and residential child care institutions which operate under public or nonprofit private ownership.
Beneficiary Eligibility: Participating schools receive USDA basic cash and commodity assistance for each lunch served under the program. This assistance is used to lower the price for each meal served to non-needy schoolchildren. Participating schools also receive additional cash assistance for each meal served free or at a reduced price to children from low-income families that meet specified income standards.
How To Apply: At the beginning of each school year all children are given an application form in schools which have the NSLP. During the school year, families interested in free or reduced-price lunches for their children must contact their child's school to request an application for free and reduced-price meals. The application must be completed and returned to the school in order for school officials to make an eligibility determination. Families may apply for free or reduced-price lunches at any time during the school year. At local option, schools may directly contact food stamp or Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program offices to certify children who are members of food stamp (and, in some circumstances, TANF) households. Such children become eligible for free meals without further application.
Whom To Contact: A list of regional offices is provided at the end of this section. On the national level, contact the Child Nutrition Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Printed Information Available: Publications concerning the program may be obtained from the Child Nutrition Division (address listed above) or regional offices listed below.
Authorizing Legislation: The National School Lunch Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1751, et seq.)
Administering Agency: USDA's Food and Consumer Service.
Available Assistance: Low-cost lunches and supplements are made available to non-needy children and free or reduced-price lunches and supplements are made available to needy children. Lunches are designed to provide, over a school week, one-third of the recommended dietary allowance as published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, and one-third of the calories needed by growing children. They must also comply with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Menu planners may use several types of meal planning alternatives to meet these nutrition goals. Meal supplements are available to children enrolled in after-school-hours care programs in schools that operate school lunch programs under the NSLP and were participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program as of May 15, 1989. The supplement pattern includes any two of the items required for school lunches.
Team Nutrition is the nutrition education component of the program available to schools. It is a multifaceted educational program delivered in schools, through the media, at home, and in the community to motivate and empower children to make food choices for a healthy diet. This effort brings science-based nutrition messages to children in fun and interesting ways in a language they understand, while strengthening social support for children's healthful food choices among parents, educators, and food service professionals.
Use Restrictions: Per meal Federal reimbursement and commodity assistance are available for NSLP lunches served to schoolchildren in participating schools. Lunches served to adults may not be claimed for reimbursement. Lunches served to schoolchildren which do not meet the requirements of program regulations (7 CFR Parts 210 and 245) may not be claimed for reimbursement. Donated commodities are made available for use in connection with the service of NSLP lunches. Per meal Federal reimbursement is also available for supplements served to eligible children.
Appropriation for FY 1997: $5.2 million, plus $700 million for commodity purchases.
Washington Contact: Director, Child Nutrition Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 1006, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Local Contacts: For information on participating State agencies contact the appropriate regional office listed at the end of this section.
Related Programs: School Breakfast Program and Special Milk Program.
Nature and Purpose: The School Breakfast Program (SBP) makes nutritious low-cost breakfasts available to children in schools of high school grade or under. USDA provides participating schools with basic cash assistance for breakfasts served to non-needy children who meet prescribed nutritional standards. A higher level of cash assistance is provided for each breakfast that meets prescribed nutritional standards and is served free or at a reduced price to needy children.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: State agencies request the program from USDA, FCS. The State agency is responsible for conducting the program in schools through school food authorities, i.e., the governing body of participating schools at the local level. Schools eligible to participate include those of high school grade or under and residential child care institutions that operate under public or nonprofit private ownership.
Beneficiary Eligibility: Participating schools receive USDA basic cash assistance for each breakfast served under the program. This assistance is used to lower the price of breakfast paid by non-needy schoolchildren. Participating schools receive a higher level of cash assistance for each breakfast served free or at a reduced price to children from low-income families that meet specified income standards.
How To Apply: At the beginning of each school year, all schoolchildren in schools which have the SBP are given an application form. During the school year, families interested in free or reduced-price breakfasts for their children should contact their child's school to request an application for free or reduced-price meals. The application must be completed and returned to the school in order for school officials to make an eligibility determination. Families may apply for free or reduced-price breakfasts at any time during the school year. At local option, schools may directly contact food stamp or TANF offices to certify children who are members of food stamp (and, in some circumstances, TANF) households. Such children become eligible for free meals without further application.
Whom To Contact: A list of regional offices appears at the end of this chapter. On the national level, contact the Child Nutrition Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Printed Information Available: Publications concerning the program may be obtained from the Child Nutrition Division, at the address listed in the preceding paragraph or at the regional offices listed below.
Authorizing Legislation: The Child Nutrition Act of 1966, as amended. (42 U.S.C.1773)
Administering Agency: USDA's Food and Consumer Service.
Available Assistance: Low-cost breakfasts are made available to non-needy children, and free or reduced-price breakfasts are made available to needy children. Breakfasts are designed to provide, over a school week, one-fourth of the recommended dietary allowances as published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, and one-fourth of the calories needed by growing children. They must also comply with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Menu planners may choose from four meal planning alternatives to meet these nutrition goals.
Use Restrictions: Per meal Federal reimbursement is available for SBP breakfasts served to schoolchildren in participating schools. Breakfasts served to adults may not be claimed for reimbursement. Breakfasts served to schoolchildren who do not meet the requirements of program regulations (7 CFR Parts 220 and 245) may not be claimed for reimbursements.
Appropriations: FY 1997: $1.2 billion.
Regional Offices: See list at the end of this section.
Nature and Purpose: The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) provides cash and commodities to licensed or approved day care centers for children or for functionally impaired and elderly adults, and to sponsor organizations of family day care homes for children, so that nutritious meals may be served to enrollees. Child care centers, sponsors of family day care homes for children, outside-school-hours care centers for children, and certain adult care centers can receive this aid if they are public or private nonprofit and nonresidential. In addition, private for-profit child care centers and homes receiving compensation under Title XX of the Social Security Act for at least 25 percent of their enrolled participants or licensed capacity may participate, as can for-profit adult day care centers receiving compensation under Titles XIX and XX for at least 25 percent of their enrollees. The goal of the program is to provide well-balanced meals to improve the diets of enrollees. It also gives participants the opportunity to eat and enjoy a variety of nutritious foods.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: State agencies desiring to take part in the program enter into a written agreement with FCS (acting on behalf of the Department) for the administration of the program in that State in accordance with provisions of the CACFP regulations (7 CFR Part 226).
Institution Eligibility: All private centers and sponsoring organizations (except for-profit Title XIX or Title XX organizations) must have tax-exempt status under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or must have applied to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for it at the time they apply for the CACFP. Family day care homes are not required to be tax-exempt, but their sponsoring organizations are. Local IRS offices can provide information on how to obtain tax-exempt status.
How To Apply: Interested institutions can obtain applications from the State agency and submit all information required for approval. The institutions are required to sign a program agreement or renew the previous agreement and accept final responsibility for the financial and administrative management of an effective food service. In addition, each State agency and institution must comply with all requirements in the CACFP regulations (7 CFR Part 226), the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Agriculture Department's nondiscrimination regulations (7 CFR Part 15) as now existing or later amended.
Whom To Contact: Persons desiring information concerning the program may write to the appropriate State agency or regional office of the FCS.
Printed Information Available: USDA offers numerous publications, guides, posters, charts, and handbooks which provide specific and general program information to help in planning and preparing nutritious meals. Contact the appropriate State agency or regional office.
Authorizing Legislation: The CACFP is authorized by Section 17 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (42 U.S.C. 1766)
Administering Agency: In most States, the responsibility for administering the program is with the State, by the State department of education or an alternate agency designated by the State. In Virginia, FCS' Mid-Atlantic Regional Office operates the program directly. Refer to the list of regional offices.
Available Assistance: Federal funding is made available to assist States to make program payments to participating centers and sponsoring organizations.
Use Restrictions: The program is available to children 12 years of age and younger; persons with mental or physical disabilities as defined by the State, who are enrolled in an institution or a child care facility serving a majority of persons 18 years of age and under; and children of migrant workers up to the age of 16. The program is also available to centers providing care to persons over 60 years of age or individuals determined by State and local agencies to be "functionally impaired" who are not residents of an institution. Eligibility requirements vary for different kinds of institutions. To find out these requirements, refer to the State agency or regional offices.
Appropriation for FY 1997: $1.6 billion.
Washington Contact: Director, Child Nutrition Division, Food and Consumer Service, 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 1006, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Local Contacts: See list of regional offices at the end of this section.
Related Programs: Other Child Nutrition Programs; Food Distribution Program; Food Stamp Program; and Women, Infants, and Children Program.
Nature and Purpose: The Special Milk Program (SMP) encourages consumption of fluid milk by children by reimbursing participating schools and institutions for part of the cost of each half pint served under the program.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: State agencies request the program from USDA, FCS. The State agency is responsible for conducting the program. State agencies administer the program in schools through school food authorities, i.e., the governing body of participating schools at the local level and in child care institutions. This program is limited to schools and certain other public or private nonprofit institutions that do not participate in another meal service program authorized under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, as amended, or the National School Lunch Act, as amended, except that schools with such meal services may participate in the Special Milk Program for children attending split-session kindergarten programs who do not have access to the meal service.
Beneficiary Eligibility: Participating schools and institutions receive a fixed rate of Federal cash assistance for each half pint of milk served under the program. This assistance is used to make low-cost milk available to all schoolchildren regardless of family income. Participating schools may elect to offer milk free to children from low-income families that meet specified income standards. In this case, schools and institutions receive the actual cost of each pint of milk served free to children from low-income families meeting the specified income standard.
How To Apply: When local officials elect to provide free milk to eligible children at the beginning of each school year, all schoolchildren are given an application form in schools and institutions participating in the SMP. During the school year, families interested in free milk for their children should contact each child's school or institution to request an application for free milk. The application must be completed and returned to the school or institution in order for the officials to make an eligibility determination. Families may apply for free milk at any time during the school year. At local option, schools may directly contact food stamp or TANF offices to certify children who are members of food stamp (and, in some circumstances, TANF) households. Such children become eligible for free meals without further application.
Whom To Contact: A list of regional offices appears at the end of this chapter. On the national level, contact the Child Nutrition Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Printed Information Available: Publications concerning the program may be obtained from the Child Nutrition Division, same address as listed above, or use the appropriate regional office.
Authorizing Legislation: Section 3 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, as amended. (42 U.S.C. 1772)
Administering Agency: USDA's Food and Consumer Service.
Available Assistance: Schools and institutions may elect (a) to offer low-cost milk to all schoolchildren, or (b) to offer low-cost milk to non-needy children and free milk to eligible needy children. Participating schools and institutions receive a fixed rate of Federal cash assistance for each half pint of milk served under the program to a paying child. For each free milk served to eligible children, schools and institutions receive reimbursements equal to the average cost of free milk served, up to the maximum reimbursement rate. In order to receive USDA reimbursement, schools and institutions must provide a half pint of pasteurized fluid milk meeting State and local standards for such milk.
Use Restrictions: USDA reimbursement is available for each half pint of milk served to children in participating schools and institutions. Milk served to adults may not be claimed for reimbursement. Milk served to children must meet the requirements for the service of such milk as established in 7 CFR Parts 215 and 245.
Appropriations: FY 1997: $19.2 million.
Regional Offices: See list below.
Nature and Purpose: The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) provides cash assistance to sponsoring organizations to help provide meals comparable to those served under the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs to children from areas in which poor economic conditions exist when area schools are closed for vacation. Eligible sponsors include public and private nonprofit school food authorities; summer camps, and colleges or universities in the National Youth Sports Program; local, county, municipal, or State governmental units; and private nonprofit organizations that meet specific criteria as defined in SFSP regulations (7 CFR Part 225).
Sponsors may operate one or more food service programs at "open area-eligible" sites in areas where at least 50 percent of the children are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals based on school or census tract data; at "enrolled area-eligible" sites where at least 50 percent of the enrolled children are individually determined to be eligible for such meals; at "homeless feeding sites"; or at camps. Regular sites may serve up to two reimbursable meals each day: lunch and snack, or lunch and breakfast; while camps and sites serving children of migrant workers can serve up to three meals: breakfast, lunch or supper, and snack. Sponsors may choose to prepare meals on-site or at a central kitchen, or they may contract to purchase prepared unitized meals from a school food authority or commercial food service management company.
Eligibility Requirements:
Agency Eligibility: State agencies desiring to take part in the program enter into a written agreement with FCS (acting on behalf of the Department) for the administration of the program in that State in accordance with provisions of the SFSP regulations (7 CFR Part 225). The written agreement contains several specific provisions, one of which is an assurance that both the State agency and the sponsor comply with the Department's nondiscrimination regulations (7 CFR Part 15) as now existing or later amended, and any instructions issued by FCS pursuant to those regulations.
Beneficiary Eligibility: Eligibility in the SFSP is based on "areas" in which poor economic conditions exist. Within the structure of "areas," the sponsor must document that the local area from which the site draws its attendance has at least 50 percent of the children who are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals under the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs based on school or census tract data. Or, for sponsors of an enrollment program, the sponsor must collect family size and income information from children enrolled in the program at the site. This information must document that, at a minimum, 50 percent of the children enrolled at each specific site are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals. Sponsors of camps are reimbursed only for those meals served to enrollees in camps whose eligibility for free or reduced-price meals are documented, while at "enrolled" sites, sponsors are reimbursed for meals served to all enrolled attendees. Sites feeding primarily homeless children are eligible without regard to "area" or "individual child" considerations.
How To Apply: All applicant sponsors must submit a complete application for program participation to the administering agency by June 15. However, the State agency may establish an earlier deadline date for program application submission. The applicant sponsor must meet the "area" of eligibility and the "sponsor" eligibility requirements in accordance with the current SFSP regulations. In addition, within 30 days of receiving a complete and correct application, the State agency must notify the applicant of its approval or disapproval.
Whom To Contact: Persons desiring information concerning the program may write the appropriate State agency or regional office of the FCS as indicated below.
Printed Information Available: Numerous publications and handbooks are available which provide specific and general program information to help in planning and preparing nutritious meals. Contact the appropriate State agencies or regional offices.
Authorizing Legislation: The SFSP is authorized by Section 13 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (42 U.S.C.1761)
Administering Agency: In most States, the responsibility for administering the program is within the State by the State department of education. Where States do not administer the program, FCS regional offices operate it directly. Refer to the list of regional offices indicated below.
Available Assistance: Federal funding is made available to children (as defined by the SFSP regulation) 18 years of age and younger. Persons over 18 who have mental or physical disabilities and participate in a public or nonprofit private school program designed especially for them are also eligible to participate.
Appropriations: For FY 1997, $250 million.
Washington Contact: Director, Child Nutrition Division, Food and Consumer Service, 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 1006, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Local Contacts: Refer to list of regional offices below.
Related Programs: Other Child Nutrition Programs; Food Distribution Program; Food Stamp Program; and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program.
Nature, and Purpose: This program serves elderly American Indians and Alaska Natives who participate in the nutrition and social services program of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), by providing nutritious meals for elderly American Indians. These meals are provided in community centers for the elderly and consist of well-balanced hot or cold meals at least once a day, 5 or more days a week. Meals are delivered to elderly homebound individuals.
Eligibility Requirements: There must be at least 50 people in a specific Indian tribe aged 60 or over. When this requirement has been met, the Indian tribe must apply for a grant approved by HHS. After a grant has been approved by HHS, each qualified Indian tribe can set its own age limits for eligibility (usually between 50 and 60 years of age).
While each provider of nutrition services suggests an appropriate monetary contribution based on local economic conditions, each person decides what he/she can contribute toward the cost of the meal. Contributions are strictly voluntary and the meals are free of charge to eligible persons if they cannot make any contributions.
How To Apply: Interested tribal organizations must first submit an application to HHS. Once it is approved, the eligible tribal organization may request USDA assistance in the form of cash or commodities, from the appropriate FCS regional office. Currently, 150 Indian Tribal agencies are participating in this program.
Whom To Contact: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging, Washington, DC, and all State agencies on aging.
Printed Information Available: FCS Brochure 223, "The Nutrition Program for the Elderly."
Authorizing Legislation: Section 601 of the Older Americans Act of 1965, as amended.
Administering Agency: Administration on Aging, HHS.
Available Assistance: Food commodities or cash reimbursements for meals. Nutrition services in community centers, meals at least 5 days each week, transportation to and from the meal sites, and delivered meals for the homebound. Social and referral services.
Use Restrictions: USDA funds must be used for meals supplied by the program, and the commodities cannot be exchanged, sold, or transferred.
Appropriations for FY 1997 by USDA: $140 million.
Washington Contacts: Administration on Aging, HHS, Washington, DC.
Cooperating Agency: Food Distribution Division, Food and Consumer Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22302.
Local Contacts: Refer to the Administration on Aging, HHS.
Related Programs: USDA Food Distribution Programs (The Emergency Food Assistance Program, Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations, and Commodity Supplemental Food Program), Food Stamp Program.
Regional Administrator, Northeast Regional Office, Food and Consumer Service, 10 Causeway Street, Boston, MA 02222-1068, Phone: (617) 565-6395 Fax: (617) 565-6472. Covers: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont.
Regional Administrator, Mid-Atlantic Regional Office, Food and Consumer Service, Mercer Corporate Park, 300 Corporate Boulevard, Robbinsville, NJ 08691-1518, Phone: (609) 259-5091 Fax: (609) 259-5147. Covers: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Virginia, Virgin Islands, West Virginia.
Regional Administrator, Southeast Regional Office, Food and Consumer Service, 61 Forsyth Street, SW, Suite 112, Atlanta, GA 30303-3415, Phone: (404) 562-1812 Fax: (404) 527-4502. Covers: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee.
Regional Administrator, Midwest Regional Office, Food and Consumer Service, 77 W. Jackson Blvd., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL 60604-3507, Phone: (312) 353-1044 Fax: (312) 353-0171. Covers: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin.
Regional Administrator, Mountain Plains Regional Office, 1244 Speer Boulevard, Suite 903, Denver, CO 80204-3585. Phone: (303) 844-0312 Fax: (303) 844-6203. Covers: Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.
Regional Administrator, Southwest Regional Office, Food and Consumer Service, 1100 Commerce Street, Room 5-C-30, Dallas, TX 75242-0222. Phone: (214) 290-9802 Fax: (214) 767-6249. Covers: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.
Regional Administrator, Western Regional Office, Food and Consumer Service, 550 Kearney Street , Room 400, San Francisco, CA 94108-2518. Phone: (415) 705-1311 Fax: (415) 705-1364 Covers: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam.
The mission of USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is to provide assurance that meat and poultry, and egg, meat, and poultry products are safe, wholesome, and informatively and honestly labeled. FSIS provides programs which, while not specifically naming American Indians or Indian tribes as beneficiaries, may nevertheless be of special interest to American Indians or Indian tribes. These two programs are the Federal Radiological Emergency Response Program and the Meat and Poultry Hotline.
Nature and Purpose: FSIS is the lead USDA agency for the Federal Radiological Emergency Response Program, since one of the key issues in a nuclear emergency is food safety. This program includes incidents at commercial nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons accidents, transportation accidents involving nuclear materials, and related sabotage and terrorism.
Available Assistance: FSIS can provide training programs for Indian tribes to familiarize them with the emergency response capabilities of USDA and the other Federal agencies that could, in the event of an emergency, be made available to Indian tribes if requested.
Printed Information Available: Printed information includes a brochure, "Radiological Emergency Information for Farmers, Food Processors, and Distributors."
Washington Contact: George E. Bickerton, USDA/FSIS/Office of Field Operations, Director, Emergency Programs Staff, Room 218, West End Court, Washington, DC 20250-3700; (202) 418-8910.
Nature and Purpose: The toll-free Meat and Poultry Hotline is part of an extensive food safety education program conducted by FSIS as part of its mission to ensure the safety of meat and poultry products from farm to table.
Available Assistance: The hotline provides accurate and up-to-date information to consumers on safe food handling and the prevention of foodborne illness. A team of home economists, registered dietitians, and food technologists answer callers' questions.
Washington Contact: The Meat and Poultry Hotline number is (800) 535-4555.
The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) unites the research, higher education, and extension education and outreach resources of USDA with land-grant institutions in each State, territory and the District of Columbia; over 130 colleges of agriculture; 59 agricultural experiment stations with over 9,500 scientists conducting research; 57 cooperative extension services with over 9,600 local extension agents working in 3,150 counties; 63 schools of forestry; 16 1890 Historically Black Land-Grant Institutions and Tuskegee University; 27 colleges of veterinary medicine; 42 schools and colleges of family and consumer sciences; 190 Hispanic-Serving Institutions and 29 designated Land-Grant Tribal Colleges.
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The 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges are: Bay Mills Community College (Michigan), |
The CSREES mission is to achieve significant and equitable improvements in domestic and global economic, environmental, and social conditions by advancing creative and integrated research, education, and extension programs in food, agricultural, and related sciences in partnership with both the public and private sectors.
CSREES has programs in Plant and Animal Systems; Natural Resources and Environment; Economic and Community Systems; Families, 4-H, and Nutrition; Partnerships; Competitive Research Grants and Awards Management; Science and Education Resources Development; and Communications, Technology, and Distance Education.
Nature and Purpose: The Extension Indian Reservation Program (EIRP) focuses on agriculture and agriculture-related youth programs. It emphasizes training and employment of local people in positions such as program aides, master gardeners, and volunteers. Local advisory committees are involved in determining programs and priorities. Projects address livestock production, alternative crops, vegetable gardening, improved diet and nutrition, and a broad spectrum of 4-H and youth activities. Although EIRP is administered by CSREES, the Indian Extension Agents are employees of, and administratively responsible to, the Cooperative Extension Service of the State where the reservation is located. The Navajo Reservation agents are administered by the University of Arizona in cooperation with Utah State University and New Mexico State University. Agents often live on the reservations, sharing daily experiences with their neighbors. Agents meet annually to discuss their successes and share program ideas and to investigate additional sources of program support.
Eligibility Requirements: The 1862 land-grant institutions in States where Indian reservations or tribal jurisdictions are located are eligible to apply for the EIRP.
Printed Information Available: Printed information includes Extension Indian Reservation Program Reservation Extension Projects FY 1997.
Authorizing Legislation: The program is authorized by Section 1677 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990, Public Law 101-624, as amended, and the funding is provided under the Smith-Lever Act, Section 3(d).
Administering Agency: Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES).
Available Assistance: Agents are involved in a wide range of programs, from introducing new crops to establishing nutrition classes, school lunch programs, county fairs, and farmers markets. They provide educational programs from the State land-grant universities and from their own knowledge and experience, to help their neighbors achieve better living conditions.
Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997: Current funding is $1.7 million per year.
Washington Contact: For further information, contact Fred Swader, EIRP Coordinator, at (202) 205-5853 or fswader@reeusda.gov.
Nature and Purpose: The Extension Services at the 1994 Institutions program provide competitive grants to address a wide range of agricultural issues, including crop and animal production, farm business management, marketing techniques, decisionmaking skills, and environmental considerations. This program can also be used to enhance community resource and economic development; family development and resource management; 4-H and youth development; leadership and volunteer development; natural resources and environment; and nutrition, diet, and health.
Eligibility Requirements: Extension programs at the 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges are available through a competitive application process, to be conducted through cooperative agreements with the 1862 Land-Grant University in their State. Matching funds are not required.
Authorizing Legislation: The Extension work at the 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges program is authorized under section 3(b)(3) of the Smith-Lever Act as added by section 534(b) of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994. (P.L. 103-382).
Administering Agency: Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES).
Available Assistance: Myriad problems can be addressed through the broad range of Extension programs authorized under the Smith-Lever Act, including the following:
Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997: Current funding is $2 million per year.
Washington Contact: For further information, contact Joan F. Gill at (202) 720-6487 or jgill@reeusda.gov.
Nature and Purpose: The Tribal Colleges Endowment Fund distributes interest earned by an endowment established for the 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges to those colleges on a formula basis to enhance education in agricultural sciences and related areas for American Indians.
Eligibility Requirements: The 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges listed above.
Authorizing Legislation: The Tribal Colleges Endowment Fund is authorized under section 533 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-382).
Administering Agency: The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES).
Available Assistance: The fund can be used to build educational capacity at the 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges in the areas of curriculum design and materials development, faculty development and preparation for teaching, instruction delivery systems, experiential learning, equipment and instrumentations for teaching, and student recruitment and retention.
Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997: $4.6 million for FY 1997. This amount represents the second installment of the $23 million authorized for the Fund ($4.6 million for each fiscal year 1996 through 2000).
Washington Contact: For further information, contact Jeff Gilmore at (202) 720-1973 or jgilmore@reeusda.gov.
Nature and Purpose: The Tribal Colleges Education Equity Grants Program is designed to strengthen higher education instruction in the food and agricultural sciences at the 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges.
Eligibility Requirements: The 29 Land-Grant Tribal Colleges listed above.
Authorizing Legislation: The Tribal Colleges Education Equity Grants Program is authorized under section 534(a) of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-382).
Administering Agency: Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES).
Available Assistance: Funding is distributed through a formula grants program in the areas of curricula design and materials development, faculty development and preparation for teaching, instruction delivery systems, experiential learning, equipment and instrumentations for teaching, and student recruitment and retention.
Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997: Current funding provides $50,000 to each Land-Grant Tribal College. Total appropriation is $1,450,000.
Washington Contact: For further information, contact Jeff Gilmore at (202) 720-1973 or jgilmore@reeusda.gov. For general information contact the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250- 0900. Telephone: (202) 720-3029; Fax: (202) 690-0289; Internet: csrees@reeusda.gov or World Wide Web: http://www.reeusda.gov
Local Contacts: For general information, contact your local county extension office (offices are listed under local government in the telephone directory) or a land-grant university.
Nature and Purpose: The Children, Youth, and Families at Risk Initiative provides funding, research-based educational materials, and technical support to American Indians and Alaska Natives and other underserved populations for a broad spectrum of prevention-oriented education programs that strengthen individuals and families with children, prenatal to late teens. The goal of this national initiative is to empower the whole family to enable those at risk to develop necessary life skills and become strong, productive adults.
Eligibility Requirements: State and Territory Cooperative Extension Services for community- based projects.
Printed Information Available: Fact sheet entitled, "Children, Youth, and Families at Risk National Initiative."
Authorizing Legislation: National initiatives are a special-focus commitment made by CSREES and the Cooperative Extension System to address significant and complex issues. Funding is provided under section 3(d) of the Smith-Lever Act.
Administering Agency: Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES).
Available Assistance: Competitive grants to fund research-based strategic planning for local programs; volunteer training and recruitment; Internet communication networks; community organizational collaborations; and the expanded resources of the nationwide land-grant university system.
Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997: $9.554 million.
Washington Contact: Sharon Wright, CSREES, telephone (202) 720-5075, swright@reeusda.gov
The Agricultural Research Service is the main in-house research arm of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and one of the four agencies that make up the Research, Education, and Economics mission area of USDA.
The Agricultural Research Service is committed to providing access to agricultural information and developing new knowledge and technology needed to solve technical agricultural problems of broad scope and high national priority. This is done to ensure adequate availability of high-quality, safe food, and other agricultural products to meet the nutritional needs of all consumers, including American Indians and Alaska Natives; to sustain a viable and competitive food and agricultural economy; and to maintain a high-quality environment and natural resource base.
ARS research targets specific problems threatening the Nation's food and fiber supplies, contributes to rural revitalization and increases knowledge of human nutrition. ARS research also lays the foundation for future commercial development beneficial to all consumers.
The Agricultural Research Service operates research facilities strategically located in major farm and rangeland ecosystems throughout the United States. This enables ARS to bring research expertise to bear on agricultural production and utilization problems of national scope from many different geographic vantages.
As the primary resource for agricultural information in the United States, the National Agricultural Library (NAL) is committed to making important information broadly available to research scientists and administrators, educators, agricultural practitioners, and consumers. This mission is accomplished through various means including national networks of information resources involving the land-grant institutions.
NAL has the most extensive collection of agricultural information in the Nation and produces a representative database, AGRICOLA, of its holdings. Reference services, including services from a number of specialized information centers at NAL, are also provided, as well as many publications of the various units of the Library which accelerate access to information. For example, NAL's Food and Nutrition Information Center (FNIC) helps users to locate information on food and nutrition topics, including nutrition education, food service, and food borne illness. Through FNIC, NAL provides expanded technical assistance and lending service to persons working in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and other nutrition education programs administered by the Food and Consumer Service (FCS). FCS provides funding for these expanded services for FDPIR, WIC, and other FCS program staff.
Universal access to NAL's products and services is available through the Library's World Wide Web site at: http://nal.usda.gov. This site provides information on all the available NAL services as well as sources to contact for additional information. For example, the FNIC web site (http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic) is available through the NAL home page and FNIC users can find nutrition information, FNIC publications, and searchable FNIC databases. Persons working with the FDPIR, WIC, and other FCS programs can also contact FNIC for help in finding answers to food and nutrition questions, literature searches, and lists of materials available for loan.
NAL provides free, direct lending of materials and photocopies of articles to staff of the FCS programs listed above. Materials, such as books and audiovisuals, may be borrowed for up to 30 days. Also, twice each year FNIC sends a packet of materials, including new FNIC publications, to State and regional nutrition education contacts of the FDPIR and WIC programs. NAL has provided a bibliography, "Native Americans: A Resource Guide 1992-97," which appears at the end of this Guide.
Contact the National Agricultural Library, Information Desk, 10301 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-5719, (301) 504-5575. FAX (301) 504-6927. TDD/TTY (301) 504-6856. E-Mail agref@nal.usda.gov Internet: http://www.nal.usda.gov
The mission of USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) is to provide economic information and analysis for public and private decisions on agriculture, food, natural resources, and rural America. ERS was established in 1961 by Secretary's Memorandum No. 1446 under the authority of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627).
ERS produces information and analysis for use by the general public and to help executive and legislative branches develop, administer, and evaluate agricultural and rural policies and programs. ERS publications cover a wide variety of topics, including policies that affect farmers and the population of rural America. In addition to studies on rural America as a whole, ERS has focused on American Indian and Alaska Native demography, the state of American Indian farming, and the history of American Indian contributions to American agriculture.
The mission of USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is to serve the United States, its agriculture, and its rural communities by providing meaningful, accurate, and objective statistical information and services. NASS's program of current official estimates and the Census of Agriculture is complemented by its statistical research and service program. NASS also performs important reimbursable survey work for other Federal, State, and private organizations, and provides technical assistance for agricultural statistics programs in developing countries.
NASS State Statistical Offices regularly survey thousands of operators of farms, ranches, and agribusinesses who provide information on a confidential basis. These scientifically designed surveys provide the basis for developing estimates of production, supply, price, and other aspects of the agricultural economy. Official USDA national, State, and county estimates and reports are issued relating to acreage, types, and production of farm crops; number of livestock on farms and of livestock products; stocks of agricultural commodities; value and utilization of farm products; farm labor; prices received and paid by farmers; agricultural chemical use; and other subjects as needed. State offices forward the estimates to NASS headquarters where they are combined and released at scheduled times to the media and public through the Agricultural Statistics Board. Annually, NASS publishes over 400 national reports which cover more than 120 crop and 45 livestock items, and which are complemented by additional State reports. These basic and unbiased data are necessary to maintain an orderly association between the consumption, supply, marketing, and input sectors of agriculture.
The Census of Agriculture is taken every 5 years and provides comprehensive data on the agricultural economy including: data on the number of farms, land use, production expenses, farm product values, value of land and buildings, farm size and characteristics of farm operators, market value of agricultural production sold, acreage of major crops, inventory of livestock and poultry, and farm irrigation practices. Effective October 1, 1996, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) received program responsibility for the census of agriculture, previously conducted by the Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
The next agricultural census will be conducted beginning in January 1998 for the calendar year 1997 and will provide national, State, and county data as well as selected data for Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
NASS has done considerable list building to increase census coverage of American Indian farmers and ranchers that operate land off reservations. Beginning with the 1997 Census of Agriculture, NASS will implement special procedures to account for American Indian farm and ranch operators on tribal lands. In addition to collecting total agricultural production information data from the reservation headquarters, NASS will also collect data on the number of individual farm operations that are on the reservation. This new count of American Indian farms will be published by State and for the U.S. in a new data table in Volume 1, Geographic Data Series, for the 1997 Census of Agriculture, to be released in the spring of 1999.
Previously, the census of agriculture included data showing only the number of American Indians operating farms and ranches located off the reservations. Each reservation was normally counted as a single-farm operation. Thus, the count of American Indian operators has traditionally been seriously understated. The new procedures for the 1997 Census of Agriculture will be the beginning of efforts to provide more complete agricultural statistics on American Indian farms and ranches so that for the 2002 Census of Agriculture, all American Indians engaged in agriculture will be fully accounted for in the census.
For more information contact the NASS Customer Service Center:
NASS-USDA
1-800-727-9540
fax: (202) 690-2090
Room 5805-South Bldg.
Washington, DC 20250
e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov
NASS Home Page: http://www.usda.gov/nas
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is charged with protecting America's agricultural resources by keeping foreign pests and diseases out of the country, minimizing damage caused by wildlife, and protecting certain animals from inhumane treatment.
APHIS officials work cooperatively with tribal governments, other Federal agencies and departments, and State and local organizations to enlist their interest in and support of efforts that are mutually beneficial to all parties involved. Program specialists maintain networking systems to consult with tribal leaders relative to tribal concerns and needs. Managers and program coordinators within the agency consider the impact of agency decisions on tribal trust resources and consult with tribal governments to ensure that tribal rights, issues, and concerns are considered during the development of projects, programs, and policies.
In response to President Clinton's April 29, 1994, Executive Memorandum on Government-to- Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments, APHIS established the APHIS Native American Working Group, which has representatives from all APHIS program areas. The group advises the agency's top management about ways to enhance program delivery and accessibility to Indian tribes, intertribal committees, and related organizations, such as the Intertribal Agriculture Council. The group also facilitates the coordination of active partnerships with tribal governments by providing assistance and advice to the agency's units.
The APHIS Native American Working Group functions under the direction of the APHIS Administrator. The Administrator retains authority for establishing agency policy relating to all APHIS activities and programs of interest to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
APHIS promotes the health of animal and plant resources; protects agricultural and natural resources, property, and human health and safety; promotes animal welfare; protects and enhances ecosystems; and enhances America's share in world agricultural trade. Fair and safe agricultural trade standards and practices are ensured through APHIS' cooperation with customers and stakeholders. APHIS also develops biologically sound pest and disease exclusion programs and promotes international standards and globally recognized certification systems ensuring an abundance of agricultural commodities for U.S. consumers. APHIS maintains a highly motivated and capable team of diverse individuals who share leadership within an agency community that cares about the professional and personal lives of others. Through shared leadership, APHIS anticipates and responds to issues involving animal and plant health, wildlife damage, global economics, environmental protection, and animal care and welfare.
Generally, APHIS tries to establish either Memoranda of Understanding with Indian tribes or cooperative agreements. APHIS then provides a wide variety of services for protection of resources and human health and safety. As part of this effort, APHIS has also helped sponsor and support workshops and meetings with tribal leaders and individuals on a regular basis and maintains frequent contacts through the efforts of employees.
APHIS joined other USDA agencies to fund an outreach program to Indian tribes, managed by the Intertribal Agriculture Council. In conjunction with this outreach effort, APHIS appointed State liaisons to be the contact point regarding issues with Indian tribes, other USDA agencies, and other APHIS program employees.
Through inspection of baggage and cargo and interception of illegal agricultural commodities, APHIS inspectors provide technical assistance to State and local governments in plant and animal pest and disease control programs. APHIS veterinarians administer national programs to protect U.S. livestock and poultry resources and to provide technical assistance and vital support services to State and local cooperators to eradicate and control livestock and poultry pests and diseases. APHIS scientists also conduct surveillance and detection programs to further safeguard the Nation's agricultural resources. In support of all field programs, APHIS specialists and technicians conduct methods development and research activities.
APHIS provides programs to help alleviate or minimize wildlife-caused damage to agricultural and natural resources nationwide. Program goals include reducing wildlife damage, protecting threatened or endangered wildlife from predation, and working to minimize the threats wild animals pose to human health and safety. APHIS' wildlife services personnel remove wild animals that prey on livestock, discourage birds from living near U.S. airports, and investigate ways science can help manage wildlife damage problems, such as through vaccination against disease and immunocontraception for population reduction.
APHIS works closely with other countries to facilitate agricultural trade. To accomplish this, APHIS incorporates international standards and marketing concerns in its domestic agricultural programs. To reduce the threat of pests and diseases from overseas, APHIS scientists seek international cooperation and coordination to develop animal and plant pest and disease eradication programs abroad and to find new solutions to pest and disease problems. APHIS also serves stakeholders by providing assistance in preclearance of commodities in foreign countries before the items begin their journey to the United States.
APHIS employees ensure that agency programs comply with applicable environmental laws, regulate and license veterinary biological products, and issue permits for certain genetically engineered plants. All employees are encouraged to exercise environmental responsibility and develop and implement systems based on environmentally sound decisionmaking. APHIS scientists analyze the potential effects of introducing genetically engineered plants that may be plant pests into the environment and issue permits to regulate the release and movement of these plants. The aquaculture industry benefits from APHIS programs that regulate fish vaccines, prevent the introduction of aquatic pests and weeds, and reduce losses from fish-eating birds. APHIS promotes programs using biological control methods to limit damage to crops by plant pests and diseases while lessening the public's dependence on pesticides.
APHIS enforces Federal regulations regarding animal care and welfare and investigates violations of all agency regulations, including animal welfare legislation. APHIS also administers animal protection legislation, including the Animal Welfare Act and the Horse Protection Act.
APHIS employees have identified themselves as "change agents." They are continually striving to make changes to more effectively serve farmers, ranchers, and other Americans nationwide. They care about providing quality service and support to our stakeholders and cooperators. To meet new needs in the global marketplace, they develop and manage information as an agency resource to address agency needs. The goal is to improve program delivery, on an equal basis, for all segments of the population, through the development and communication of scientific, technical, and administrative information.
APHIS values diversity in its workforce. APHIS promotes and facilitates continual learning as a business strategy needed to exceed customers' expectations and survive and thrive in an environment of accelerated change. Continual learning and empowerment give APHIS employees the tools to understand, refine, and better participate in customer service practices and build partnerships nationwide with stakeholders and on a government-to-government basis with American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. The importance the agency places on this subject is reflected in "Relationships With Native Americans and Tribal Governments," APHIS directive 1040.1, dated September 8, 1995, a document that explains to all employees the agency's policy concerning American Indians.
To receive additional information, see the list of APHIS Native American Working Group State Representatives below or write to: USDA, APHIS, Civil Rights Enforcement and Compliance, 4700 River Road, Unit 92, Riverdale, MD 20737-1234. Or contact an APHIS office near you. You can e-mail APHIS using this address: lmoore@aphis.usda.gov
APHIS has developed a materials package for each Indian tribe within the United States which explains the services available and instructions for obtaining them. Materials were also developed for each APHIS field manager to provide information about working with Indian tribes, tribal contacts, and coordinating efforts across APHIS program areas and also across USDA agency lines. The information package is entitled "Partnerships Across Nations: Resource Guide for American Indians and Alaska Natives."
The following list covers most of the major laws authorizing APHIS to operate in the animal and plant health arena.
Animal Care
Wildlife Services (Known until July 1997 as Animal Damage Control)
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Veterinary Services
APHIS Native American Working Group State Representatives January 18, 2001
| State | Representative | APHIS Program | Address | Contact by Phone or E-Mail | Fax |
| Alabama | Frank Boyd | WS | USDA/APHIS/WS Room 118, Extension Hall Auburn University, AL 36849 |
334-844-5670 |
|
| Alaska | Gary Brickler | VS | Washington
State Area Office Dr. Gary L. Brickler USDA, APHIS, VS 2604 12th Court SW, Ste. B Olympia, WA 98502-5715 |
(360) 753-9430
|
(360) 753-9585 |
| Arizona | David Bergman | WS | 2224
West Desert Cove Ave. Suite 209 Phoenix, AZ 85029 |
602-870-2081 david.l.bergman@aphis.usda.gov |
602-870-2951 |
| Arkansas | Jane Droke | PPQ | USDA,
APHIS, PPQ 1200 Cherry Brook, Suite 100 Little Rock, AK 72211 |
501) 324-5258 | (501) 225-5823 |
| California | Michael Smith | AC | 9580
Micron Ave., Suite J Sacramento, CA 95927 |
916-857-6205 michael.j.smith@aphis.usda.gov |
H:
415-643-9950 W: 916-857-6212 |
| Michael McBride | VS | 9580
Micron Ave. Suite E Sacramento, CA 95827 |
O:
916-857-6170 H: 916-361-8305 mike.d.mcbride@usda.gov |
916-857-6196 | |
| Colorado | Mike Yeary | WS | USDA,
APHIS, WS 12345 W Alameda Pkwy, Suite 210 Lakewood, CO 80228 |
(303) 969-5775 | (303) 969-5798 |
| Susan Jojola-Elverum | WS | 4101
Laporte Ave Ft. Collins, CO 80521 |
970-266-6132 susan.jojola-elverum@usda.gov |
||
| Mike Worthen | WS | 12345
Alameda Parkway Lakewood, CO 80421 |
303-969-6562 michael.v.worthen@aphis.usda.gov |
||
| Connecticut | Laura Henze | WS | USDA,
APHIS, WS 463 West St. Amherst, Mass. 01002 |
(413) 253-2403 | (413) 253-2577 |
| Delaware | Collen Kitzmiller | PPQ | USDA,
APHIS, PPQ 300 S. New St. Ste. 1107 Dover, Delaware 19904 |
(302) 678-5868 | (302) 734-7814 |
| Florida | Bernice Constantin | WS | USDA,
APHIS, WS 2820 E. University Ave Gainsville, FL 32641 |
(352) 377-5556 | (352) 377-5559 |
| Georgia | Doug Hall | WS | School
of Forest Resorces University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 |
(706) 546-2020 | (706) 546-2004 |
| Hawaii | Elizabeth Lyons | AC | PO
Box 880314 Pukalani, HI 96788 |
(808) 572-1947 | (808) 573-0795 |
| Gary Brickler | VS | Washington
State Area Office Dr. Gary L. Brickler USDA, APHIS, VS 2604 12th Court SW, Ste. B Olympia, WA 98502-5715 |
(360) 753-9430 | (360) 753-9585 | |
| Idaho | George Graves | WS | USDA/APHIS/WS 9134 W. Blackeagle Drive Boise, ID 83709 |
(208)
378-5077 george.e.graves@aphis.usda.gov |
(208) 378-5349 |
| Dave McNeal | PPQ | USDA/APHIS/PPQ 9134 W. Blackeagle Boise, ID 83709 |
208-378-5757 dave.mcneal@aphis.usda.gov |
||
| Harvey McKelvey | AC |
665 W. Brunner
Road |
703-812-6619
(leave message) |
208-687-9108 | |
| Illinois | Ken Kruse | PPQ | USDA,
APHIS, PPQ 2400 Devon Ave. Ste. 265 Des Planis, IL 60018 |
(847) 299-0024 | (847) 299-6046 |
| Marie Martin | PPQ | USDA/APHIS/PPQ | 773-894-2920 mahala.m.martin@aphis.usda.gov |
||
| Indiana | Frank Wilson | VS | 221
Ann Ave Pendleton, IN 46064 |
O:
(317) 290-3300 H: (765)778-1756 |
O:
(317) 290-3311 (765)778-1752=H |
| Iowa | William L. Stump | VS | 1605
Ando St. Grand Island, NE 68803 |
(308)382-0976=H (402)434-2300=O | (402)434-2330 work at home |
| Kansas | Joel Bard | PPQ | 1947
NW Topeka Blvd Topeka, KS 66608 |
(913) 235-0212 | (913) 235-1464 |
| Kentucky | Vacant | ||||
| Louisiana | Dwight LeBlanc | WS | PO
Box 589 Fort Allen, LA |
(504)
389-0229 Dwight.LeBlanc@aphis.usda.gov |
(504) 389-0228 |
| Maine | Ed Butler | WS | (207) 622-8263 | (207) 622-5760 | |
| Maryland | Fred Mann | PPQ | (410) 224-3452 | (410) 224-1142 | |
| Jose Ceballos | PPQ | Jessup
and Andrews AFB 8610 Baltimore Washington Blvd. Sutie 216 Jesup, MD 20794 |
301-344-3407 | ||
| Massachusetts | Laura Henze | WS | 463
West St. Amherst, MA 01002 |
(413) 253-2403 | (413) 253-7577 |
| Michigan | Reed Macarty | VS | 3001
Coolidge Road Suite # 125 East Lansing, MI 48823 |
517-324-5290 | 517-324-5289 |
| Denisse Hall | VS | ||||
| Minnesota | John Piehl | VS | Minnesota
Area Office Bill Paul USDA, APHIS, VS 717 NE 4th Street Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744 |
(612)
290-3691 H: (320) 259-0491 |
(612) 228-0654 |
| Mary Ann Schreifels | VS | USDA/APHIS/VS 251 Starkey Street, Suite 229 St. Paul MN 55107 |
657-290-3691 maryann.schreifels@aphis.usda.gov |
||
| Mississippi | Deborah Brennen | VS | USDA/APHIS/VS 345 Keyway Street Jackson, MS 39047 |
601-965-4307 deborah.l.brennan@aphis.usda.gov |
|
| Missouri | Royce Wilson | VS | Rt
2 Box 298 A Adrian, MO 64720 |
(816) 297-2633 = H | (324) 636-4384 |
| Montana | James Brice | PPQ | (406) 657-6282 | (406) 657-6293 | |
| David Hayes | WS | PO
Box 1938 Billings, MT 59103 |
406-657-6109 |
||
| Harvey McKelvey | AC |
665 W. Brunner
Road |
703-812-6619
(leave message) |
208-687-9108 | |
| Nebraska | Twila Seaman | PPQ | PO
Box 81866 Lincoln, NE 68501 |
402-434-2345 |
402-434-2330 |
| William L. Stump | VS | 1605
Ando St. Grand Island, NE 68803 |
301-382-0976 william.l.stump@aphis.usda.gov |
||
| Nevada | Dave McNeal | PPQ | USDA/APHIS/PPQ 9134 W. Blackeagle Boise, ID 83709 |
208-378-5757 dave.mcneal@aphis.usda.gov |
|
| New Hampshire | Vacant | ||||
| New Jersey | Russel Poage | PPQ |
USDA/APHIS/PPQ |
973-645-6661 russell.j.poage@aphis.usda.gov |
|
| New Mexico | Tolani Francisco | VS | New
Mexico State Area Office USDA, APHIS, VS 6200 Jefferson Street, NE Suite 117 Albuquerque, NM 87109 |
(505) 761-3160 | (505) 761-3176 |
| Frank Anderson |
2574
Diamond Peak Dr |
505-867-2894 frank.d.anderson@aphis.usda.gov |
|||
| New York | Mike Wright | PPQ | New
York State Area Office USDA, APHIS, VS 1 Winners Cir. Ste. 203 Albany, NY 12205 |
(518) 438-3896 | (518) 438-7675 |
| North Carolina | Terry Clark | VS | 1017
Main Campus Drive Suite 2500 Raleigh, NC 27606 |
919-513-4170
terry.w.clark@aphis.usda.gov |
919-513-4446 |
| North Dakota | Lynn Ann Tesar | VS | South
Dakota Area Office USDA,APHIS, VS 314 S. Henry, Suite 100 Pierre, SD 57501 |
(605) 224-6186 | (605) 224-8451 |
| Ohio | John Burch | PPQ | USDA,
APHIS, PPQ 12927 Stone Creek Drive, NW Pickerington, OH 43147 |
(614) 469-2110 | (614) 469-6733 |
| Oklahoma | Nancy
Ellifrit |
AC |
PO
Box 711 Newalla, OK 74857 |
405-329-5937 | |
| Brian H. Espe | VS | USDA,
APHIS, VS 4020 N Lincoln Blvd Suite 101 Oklahoma City, OK 73105 |
(404)427-9413 brian.h.espe@aphis.usda.gov |
(404)427-9451 | |
| Oregon | David
Silberman |
VS |
Dr.
David Silberman 3722 SE Dora Court Troutdale, OR 97060 |
(503)
399-5871 (503) 665-6403 = H |
(503)
399-5607 |
| Shannon Hebert | WS | (503) 231-6184 | (503) 231-2291 | ||
| Pennsylvania | Ron Blaskovich | PPQ |
USDA, APHIS, PPQ U.S. Custom House, Rm. 1007 2nd & Chestnut Streets Philadelphia, PA 19106 |
(215)
597-4515 ronald.m.blaskovich@aphis.usda.gov |
(215) 597-7039 |
| Rhode Island | Laura Henze | WS | (413) 253-2403 | (413) 253-7577 | |
| South Carolina | Virginia W. Jenkins | VS | PO
Box 2562 Spartanburg, SC 29304 |
(864) 579-8451 |
(803)
423-5612 (803) 788-2102 (803) 551-3508 |
| Mary G. Douglass | PPQ | PO
Box 707 Yemasee, SC 29945 |
843-589-7660 mary.g.douglass@ aphis.usda.gov |
||
| South Dakota | Lynn Ann Tesar | VS | South
Dakota Area Office USDA,APHIS, VS 314 S. Henry, Suite 100 Pierre, SD 57501 |
(605) 224-6186 | (605) 224-8451 |
| Tennessee | Colleen Erbel | VS | P.
O.Box 24058 Knoxville, TN 37933 |
865-671-8402 615-319-3470 (cellular) colleen.y.erbel@aphis.usda.gov |
775-416-7083 |
| Texas | Jerry P. Akin | PPQ | 8799
N. Loop East, Suite 240 Houston, TX 77029 |
281-233-3670 713-671-7783 281-443-2063 jerry.p.akin@aphis.usda.gov |
|
| Utah | Vacant | ||||
| Vermont | Vacant | ||||
| Virginia | Martin Lowney | WS | PO
Box 130 Moseley, Virginia 23120 |
(804) 739-7739 martin.s.lowney@aphis.usda.gov |
(804) 739-7738 |
| Washington | Gary Brickler | VS | Washington
State Area Office Dr. Gary L. Brickler USDA, APHIS, VS 2604 12th Court SW, Ste. B Olympia, WA 98502-5715 |
(360) 753-9430 | (360) 753-9585 |
| Harvey McKelvey | AC |
665 W. Brunner
Road |
703-812-6619
(leave message) |
208-687-9108 | |
| West Virginia | Vacant | ||||
| Wisconsin | John Maestrelli | WS | USDA-Wildlife
Services 750 Windsor St. Sun Prairie, Wisconsin 53590 |
(608) 837-2727 | (608) 837-6754 |
| Wyoming | Vacant | ||||
| ANAWG Committee Members: | |||||
| ANAWG: Chair | Rick Wadleigh | WS | 12345
W. Alameda Pkwy. Ste. 204 Lakewood, CO 80228 |
(303)
969-6565 Ext. 232 |
(303) 969-6578 |
| ANAWG: V Chair | Janet Wintermute | LPA | 4700
River Rd., Unit 51 Riverdale, MD 20737-1232 |
(301)
734-4424 janet.s.wintermute@aphis.usda.gov |
(301) 734-5221 |
|
Member
|
Mike Gilsdorf | VS | 4700
River Rd., Unit 43 Riverdale, MD 20737 |
301-734-6954 |
|
|
Member
|
Lois Perry | PPD | 4700
River Rd., Unit 117 Riverdale, MD 20737-1238 |
301-734-8017 |
|
|
Member
|
Joel Floyd | PPQ | 4700
River Rd., Unit 134 Riverdale, MD 20737 |
301-734-4396 joel.p.floys@aphis.usda.gov |
|
|
Member
|
Doug Barnett | IS | 4700
River Rd., Room 5C53 Riverdale, MD 20737 |
301-734-9358 douglas.e.barnett@aphis.usda.gov |
|
|
Member
|
Colonel Locklear | PPQ | 4700
River Rd Riverdale, MD 20737 |
301-734-8372 colonel.r.locklear@aphis.usda.gov |
|
|
Member
|
Jerry DePoyster | AC | 4700
River Rd., Unit 84 Riverdale, MD 20737-1234 |
301-734-7586 jerry.d.depoyster@aphis.usda.gov |
301-734-4978 |
| Member | Mike Colbert | CREC |
4700 River Rd.,
Unit 92 |
301-734-6139 Michael.colbert@aphis.usda.gov |
|
Agricultural Marketing Service
The Agricultural Marketing Service provides market news reports; develops quality grade standards for agricultural commodities; provides voluntary grading services for livestock, meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, and tobacco; administers marketing regulatory programs, marketing agreements and orders, and research and promotion programs; administers national organic standards activities; administers USDA's laboratory accreditation program; administers Federal-State marketing improvement programs, wholesale facilities research programs, and food purchases for USDA food assistance programs; and is the coordinator for USDA's pesticide data program and pesticide recordkeeping program activities.
The Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration facilitates the marketing of livestock poultry, meat, cereals, oilseeds, and related agricultural products and promotes fair and competitive trading practices for the overall benefit of consumers and American agriculture. One of GIPSA's programs, the Packers and Stockyards Programs, ensures open and competitive markets for livestock, meat, and poultry. The other, the Federal Grain Inspection Service, facilitates the marketing of U.S. grain and related agricultural products by providing the market with Federal quality standards and a uniform system for applying them.
Departmental Administration (DA) is USDA's central administrative management organization. It is responsible for leadership and oversight of cross-cutting administrative management activities in all of USDA's mission areas and staff offices. In support of USDA's goal to expand economic and trade opportunities for agricultural producers and other rural residents, DA's operations and activities involve timely, accurate, and high-quality delivery of products and services related to civil rights, small and disadvantaged business utilization, outreach programs, human resources management, procurement and property management, and safe and healthy work environments. The following offices are under Departmental Administration:
The Office of Civil Rights (CR) is charged with facilitating the fair and equitable treatment of USDA customers and employees. CR provides leadership and guidance to agencies in civil rights, while using its oversight responsibility to ensure compliance and accountability.
CR established a set of goals that will allow it to fulfill its mission over the next 5 years. These CR goals establish its priorities and direction. CR's goals are to:
The expectations of the Office of Civil Rights are to monitor USDA customers' needs and adapt to any changes in their needs over time. CR's performance in carrying out its mission will be evaluated by its customers, both internal and external.
Primary contacts:
Lloyd E. Wright, Director,
Office of Civil Rights, (202) 720-5212;
Susan Reilly, Deputy Director, Office of Civil Rights (202) 720-3130;
Jeremy Wu, Deputy Director, Office of Civil Rights (202) 720-5681.
In response to a demonstration by black farmers outside the White House in Washington, DC, and documented cases of discrimination in program delivery and employment practices, Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman appointed a team of USDA leaders to take a hard look at the issues and make strong recommendations for change. The Civil Rights Action Team (CRAT) was charged with developing a set of recommendations to address institutional and underlying problems and ways to implement actions to ensure accountability and follow-through at USDA.
In addition to auditing past reports, the team sponsored 12 listening sessions in January 1997, in 11 locations across the country to hear from customers--especially socially disadvantaged and minority farmers--and from USDA employees. Three sessions (Tulsa, OK; Window Rock, AZ; Rapid City, SD) were targeted toward American Indians. However, due to inclement weather in South Dakota, the session in Rapid City was canceled out of concern for the safety of all participants.
The listening panels were composed of either Secretary Glickman or Deputy Secretary Richard E. Rominger (with one exception), CRAT members, Members of Congress, and members of the State Food and Agriculture Council. Customer sessions were tailored to address the civil rights concerns of specific cultural groups.
The CRAT members reassembled in Washington, DC, and developed a report, Civil Rights at the United States Department of Agriculture, A Report by the Civil Rights Action Team, containing their findings and conclusions. Most importantly, it contains recommended actions that are being taken to remedy many of the long-standing problems plaguing the Department and weakening its credibility among customers and employees.
Assistant Secretary for Administration Pearlie S. Reed created 34 Civil Rights Implementation Teams (CRIT) to develop strategies for implementing the 92 recommendations developed by the CRAT. A publication, Implementation of the Civil Rights Action Team Report at USDA - An Interim Progress Report, has been compiled to document the status of the 92 recommendations.
Among the more prominent actions being taken in response to specific recommendations relating to American Indians and Alaska Natives in the CRAT report are the following:
Primary Contact:
Kathy Gugulis, Civil Rights Implementation Team (CRIT) Leader, (202) 720-3291.
In May 1990, the Office of Special Emphasis Programs (SEP) was developed to advise the Director of Civil Rights of unique concerns and problems related to equal opportunity for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Pacific Americans, Blacks, Hispanics, People with Disabilities, and Women.
The American Indian Program is the Department's intermediary to the American Indian and Alaska Native communities on employment and civil rights issues. The functions of the office are to:
Primary contact:
American Indian Program Manager, Special Emphasis Programs, Office of
Civil Rights, (202) 720-0352.
The Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) was established June 26, 1979 pursuant to Public Law 95-507. OSDBU serves as USDA's lead agency in providing an integrated focus for implementing and executing programs to assist small, small disadvantaged, and women-owned businesses in supporting USDA's missions. OSDBU develops policies, standards, and programs consistent with Federal guidelines for developing, managing, analyzing, evaluating, and improving Departmental, agency, and staff office Affirmative Procurement Programs. OSDBU also provides guidance to assist agencies and staff offices in developing and implementing activities that ensure outreach efforts involve all targeted groups, and to ensure that the participation of small, small disadvantaged, and women-owned businesses in the Department's contracting and program activities is increased.
OSDBU provides Department-wide leadership in implementation and execution of programs under Sections 8 and 15 of the Small Business Act, as amended, as well as Executive Order 12432, to promote the growth and competitiveness of small, minority, and women-owned businesses through equitable participation in the Department's procurement and program opportunities. These programs are called the Procurement Preference Programs, and include:
Primary contacts:
Sharron Harris, Director,
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, (202) 720- 7117;
Stella Hughes, Procurement Analyst and American Indian Liaison, Office
of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, (202) 720-7117.
Native
Americans: A Resource Guide, 1992-97
Materials Available from the National Agricultural Library
By
Carol A. Singer and Ellen Kay Miller
D.C. Reference Center
National Agricultural Library
The materials in this bibliography were identified by performing searches in AGRICOLA, the National Agricultural Library's database of agricultural articles and reports, and ISIS, the online catalog of the National Agricultural Library. The compilers searched for Native American(s) or American Indian(s) or tribal, eliminated entries that included the word India, and limited the results to publications from 1992 to the present. This bibliography updates the bibliography in Native Americans: A Resource Guide, by Laura R. Nauta and Shirley King Evans, published by the National Agricultural Library in 1992.
The last line of each citation refers to the call numbers in the NAL system. If you want to obtain a document listed in this bibliography, contact your local, University or other library. If they do not have the particular item, they may be able to obtain it for you on inter-library loan.
Ahrens, Robert J.,
and United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey
of Hopi Area, Arizona, Parts of Coconino and Navajo Counties. [Washington,
D.C.] : The Service, [1996] 1 Case (1 v., 53 folded p. of Plates).
aS591.A6C6a.
Anderson, M. K. "The
Ethnobotany of Deergrass, Muhlenbergia Rigens (Poaceae): Its Uses and
Fire Management by California Indian Tribes." Econ-Bot (1996)
vol. 50(4): 409-22.
450-Ec7.
Batten, W. G., R.
A. Lidwin, and Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians.
Water Resources of the Lac Du Flambeau Indian Reservation, Wisconsin,
1981- 86. Madison, Wis. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological
Survey ; Denver, CO : Branch of Information Services [Distributor], 1996.
42 p.
GB701.W375--94-4025.
Brown, Bruce. Mountain
in the Clouds: A Search for the Wild Salmon. 1st ill. ed. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1995. 249p.
QL638.S2B76--1995.
Carlson, P. H. "Indian
Agriculture, Changing Subsistence Patterns, and Tahe Environment on the
Southern Great Plains." Agric-Hist (1992) vol. 66 (2): 52-60.
30.98-AG8.
Clark, Melanie L.,
Wilfrid J. Sadler, and Eastern Bands of Shoshoni Indians. Occurrence
of Selenium and Mercury in Surface Water, Wind River Indian Reservation,
Wyoming, 1995. Cheyenne, Wyo. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S.
Geological Survey ; Denver, CO : Branch of Information Services [Distributor],
1996. 14 p.
GB701.W375--no.96-4159.
Craigg, Steven D.,
and Geological Survey (U.S.). Water Resources on the Pueblos of Jemez,
Zia, and Santa Ana, Sandoval County, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M.
: U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo. : Books and Open-File Reports
[Distributor], 1992. 122 p.
GB701.W375-no.-89-4091.
Crouch, Thomas M.,
and Zuni (N.M.). Hydrogeology and Aquifer Test of the San Andres-Glorieta
Aquifer on the Southwest Part of the Zuni Indian Reservation, Cibola County,
New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S.
Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo. : Earth Science Information Center,
Open-File Reports Section [Distributor], 1994. 36 p.
GB701.W375--no.94-4033.
Cutsforth, M. "Managing
Indian Land for Profit, Quality of Life, and Forest Health." J- For (1992)
vol. 90(9): 15-19.
99.8-F768.
Daddow, Richard L.,
and Eastern Bands of Shoshoni Indians. Water Resources of the Wind
River Indian Reservation, Wyoming. Cheyenne, Wyo. : U.S. Dept. of
the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo. : U.S. Geological
Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [Distributor],
1996. 121 p.
GB701.W375--no.95-4223.
Davies, K. M. Jr.
"Some Ecological Aspects of Northeastern American Indian Agroforestry
Practices." Annu-Rep-North-Nut-Grow-Assoc. [S.l.] : The Association,
1994. v. 85; p. 25-37.
94.69-N81.
Dunmire, William W.
And Gail D. Tierney. Wild Plants of the Pueblo Province: Exploring
Ancient and Enduring Uses. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press,
1995.
QK176.D86--1995.
Emanuel, Robert M.
A Field Guide to Ethnobotanical Plants of the Winema National Forest.
[Portland, Or.]: USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, [1994].
77p.
AQK182.E42--1994.
Gonthier, Joseph B.,
E. L. Bolke, and Geological Survey (U.S.). Summary Appraisal of Water
Resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Portland, Or. : U.S.
Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO : Books and
Open-File Reports [Distributor], 1993. 54 p.
GB701.W375-no.91-4087.
Herrick, James W.,
ed. Iroquois Medical Botany. 1st ed. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse
University Press, 1995. 278p.
E99.I7H47--1995.
John, P. L. Native
American Natural Resource Management: January 1980 - January 1993
.(Quick-Bibliogr-Ser.; 93-39) Beltsville, Md.: National Agricultural Library,
June 1993. 31 p.
aZ5071.N3.
Jostad, P. M., L.
H. McAvoy, and D. McDonald. "Native American Land Ethics: Implications
for Natural Resource Management." Soc-Nat-Resour (1996) vol.
9(6): 565- 81.
HC10.S63.
Kindscher, Kelley.
Medicinal Wild Plants of the Prairie: An Ethnobotanical Guide.
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992. 340p.
E78.G73K56--1992.
Lesica, P. "Using
Plant Community Diversity in Reserve Design for Pothole Prairie on the
Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Montana, USA." Biol-Conserv (1993)
vol. 65(1): 69-75.
S900.B5.
Lindgren, Richard
J., and Leech Lake Indian Reservation Business Committee. Hydrogeology
and Ground-Water Quality of Glacial-Drift Aquifers, Leech Lake Indian
Reservation, North-Central Minnesota. Mounds View, Minn. : U.S. Dept.
of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO : U.S. Geological
Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [Distributor],
1996. 78 p.
GB701.W375--no.95-4077.
Lobo, R. E., and G.
L. Myer. Costs and Returns for a Cow-Calf Enterprise in the Pyramid
Lake Paiute Indian Reservation. (Fact-Sheet-Max-C-Fleischmann-Coll-Agric,-
Coop-Ext-Serv; 94-51). [Reno, Nev.] : The College,. 1994. 4 p.
S544.3.N3C66.
MacKenzie, Clyde L.
The Fisheries of Raritan Bay. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University
Press, 1992.
SH221.5.R37M23--1992.
MacNeish, Richard
S. The Origins of Agriculture and Settled Life. 1st ed. Norman:
University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.
GN799.A4M34--1991.
Martinez, D. "Back
to the Future: Ecological Restoration, the Historical Forest, and Traditional
Indian Stewardship." Proc-For-Veg-Manage-Conf .15th (1994): 121-46.
QH541.5.F6F67.
Miller, R. K., J.
E. Enote, and C. L. Martinez. "Tribal Experiences and Lessons Learned
in Riparian Ecosystem Restoration." In: Desired Future Conditions
for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems Bringing Interests and Concerns Together,
September 18-22, 1995, Albuquerque, New Mexico . Fort Collins, Colo.
: Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,
1996.. p. 198- 202.
aSD11.A42-no.272.
"Native Americans
and Forest Management." J-For (1992) vol. 90(4): 40-41.
99.8-F768.
Parliman, D. J., H.
W. Dq Harold William 1942 Young, and Shoshone Bannock Tribes. Water
Levels in Selected Wells and Directions of Ground-Water Movement Near
Fort Hall, Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Southeastern Idaho. Boise,
Idaho : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO
: U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [Distributor],
1993. 13 p.
GB701.W375-no.92-4014.
Pecore, M. "Menominee
Sustained-Yield Management: a Successful Land Ethic in Practice." J-For
(1992) vol. 90(7): 12-16.
99.8-F768.
Schwab, B. A.
Bureau of Indian Affairs Pilot Woodlands Management Program. (Gen-
Tech-Rep-RM; 236). Fort Collins, Colo. : Rocky Mountain Forest and Range
Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Oct
1993. p. 146-148.
aSD11.A42.
Schwien, J. "Tribal
Tree Planting Combats Erosion." Soil-Water-Conserv-U-S-Dep- Agric-Soil-Conserv-Serv
(1992) vol. 12(5): 14.
aS622.S6.
Segelken, R. "Modern
Farmers Have Much to Learn From American Indian Agronomists." Agfocus
(1993): 14.
S544.3.N7A4.
Slagle, Steven E.,
and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation.
Irrigation-Canal Leakage in the Flathead Indian Reservation, Northwestern
Montana. Helena, Mont. : U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO : Books
and Open-File Reports Section [Distributor, 1992] 77 p.
GB701.W375-no.92-4066.
Stelljes, K. B. "Native
American Fight Weeds to Keep Their Land." Agric-Res (1994) vol.
42(12): 12-15.
1.98-Ag84.
Trombley, Thomas J.,
and Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. Overview of Water Resources
in and Near Indian Lands in Northeastern Kansas and Southeastern Nebraska.
Lawrence, Kan. : U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO : Branch of Information
Services [Distributor], 1996. 68 p.
GB701.W375--no.96-4070.
United States. Forest
Service. America's Forests : a History of Resiliency and Recovery.
Washington, DC. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Public Affairs,
1993. 1 Videocassette (23 Min.)
Videocassette--no.1684.
Wheeler, Elizabeth
M. Mother Earth's Mercantile: Plants of the Four Corners Area and
Their Uses Through Time. Cortez, CO: Crow Canyon Archaeological Center,
1994. 34p.
QK98.4.U6W48--1994.
Acton, K., et al.
"Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes and Selected Related Conditions of Six
Reservations in Montana and Wyoming." Diabetes-Care (1993) vol.
16(1): 263-65.
RC660.A1D53.
Alves, J. L. "Reaching
Native Americans: Strategies for Adapting to Cultural Differences." J-Ext.
(Spring 1993) v. 31; p. 20-21.
275.28-J82.
American Indian Health
Care Association. Evaluation of the Health Care Needs of Urban Indians
in Areas Served and Unserved Under Title V of the Indian Health Care Improvement
Act. St. Paul, MN : American Indian Health Care Association, [1992]
97 p.
RA448.5.I5E82--1992.
American Indian Health
Care Association. Native American Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Bibliography. St. Paul, MN : American Indian Health Care Association,
[1992] 1 v. (Unpaged) .
Z1209.N38--1992.
American Indian Health
Care Association. Scope of the Problem of Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Among American Indian and Alaska Native Communities. Saint Paul,
Minn. : The Association, [1992] 332 p.
E98.L7S26--1992.
Barnes, G. P., et al. "Ethnicity, Location, Age, and Fluoridation Factors in Baby Bottle Tooth Decay and Caries Prevalence of Head Start Children." Public-Health-Rep. (Mar/Apr 1992) vol. 107 (2) p. 167- 173. 151.65-P96.
Bataille, Gretchen
M., ed. Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary. New
York: Garland, 1993. 333p.
E98.W8N38--1993.
Benjamin, E., et al.
"Diabetes in Pregnancy in Zuni Indian Women: Prevalence and Subsequent
Development of Clinical Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes." Diabetes-Care
(1993) vol. 16(9): 1231-35.
RC660.A1D53.
Black, Sherry Salway.,
and National Initiative on Rural America. First Step Toward Partnership
in Indian Country : Understanding the Tribal Context for Development ;
the Circle of Development and Indigenous Peoples. Madison, WI : National
Rural Economic Development Institute, [1993] 21 p.
E93.B53--1992.
Blum, R. W., et al.
"American Indian-Alaska Native Youth Health." J-A-M-A-J-Am-Med- Assoc
(1992) vol. 267(12): 1637-44.
448.9-AM37.
Brosseau, J. D. "Increasing
Prevalence of Diabetes Among the Three Affiliated Tribes." Diabetes-Care
(1993) vol. 16(1): 248-49.
RC660.A1D53.
Bruerd, B., and C.
Jones. "Preventing Baby Bottle Tooth Decay: Eight-Year Results." Public-Health-Rep.(Jan/Feb
1996) v. 111 (1): 63-65.
151.65-P96.
Buck, G. M., et al.
"Comparison of Native American Births in Upstate New York With Other Race
Births, 1980-86." Public-Health-Rep. (Sept/Oct 1992) v. 107 (5)
: 569- 575.
151.65-P96.
Bushy, Angeline.,
and National Rural Health Association (U.S.). A Shared Vision : Building
Bridges for Rural Health Access : Conference Proceedings. Kansas
City, Mo. : National Rural Health Association, C1994. 196 p.
RA771.5.N29--1994.
Capinera, J. L. "Humpbacked
Flute Player and Other Entomomorphs From the American Southwest." Am-Entomol
(1995) vol. 41(2): 83-88.
QL461.A52.
Carter, J. S., et
al. "Diabetes Mortality Among New Mexico's American Indian, Hispanic,
and Non-Hispanic White Populations, 1958-1987." Diabetes-Care
(1993) vol. 16(1): 306- 09.
RC660.A1D53.
Chafin, Daniel T.,
et al. Methane-Concentration and Methane-Isotope Data for Ground Water
and Soil Gas in the Animas River Valley, Colorado and New Mexico, 1990-
91. Denver, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey
: Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [Distributor],
1996. 49 p .
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Chapleski, E. E.,
and J. W. Dwyer. "The Effects of on- and Off-Reservation Residence on
in-Home Service Use Among Great Lakes American Indians." J-Rural-Health
vol. 11(3): 204-16.
RA771.A1J68.
Chaturvedi, N., and
J. H. Fuller. "Mortality Risk by Body Weight and Weight Change in People
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Cherry, R. H. "Insects
in the Mythology of Native Americans." Amer-Entomol (1993) vol.
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QL461.A52.
Churaman, C. V. "Financing
of College Education by Minority and White Families." J- Consum-Aff
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Clay, J. A. "Native
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Clay, J. A., T. Seekins,
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LC5146.R87.
Clay, Julie Anna.
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Davis, R. L., S. D.
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LB3401.A57.
Davis, S., et al.
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Acad-Sci. (1993) vol. 699: 167-180.
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Downer, A. "Vandalizing
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a Case Study From the Southwestern United States." U-S-D-A-For-Serv-
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aSD11.A46.
Duimstra, C., et al.
"A Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Pilot Project in American Indian
Communities in the Northern Plains." Public-Health-Rep. (Mar/Apr
1993) vol. 108(2): 225- 229.
151.65-P96.
Eames-Sheavly, Marcia.
The Three Sisters: Exploring an Iroquois Garden. [Ithaca, N.Y.]:
Cornell Cooperative Extension, 1993. 20p.
E99.I7E12--1993.
Edwards, S. "Among
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(1992) vol. 24(4): 189-91.
HQ763.F35.
Esposito Del Puente,
A., et al. "Glycemic Response to Stress Is Altered in Euglycemic Pima
Indians." Int-j-Obes-Relat-Metab-Disord (1994) vol. 18(11): 766-70.
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THE
WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary
MEMORANDUM FOR THE
HEADS OF
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES
SUBJECT: Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments
The United States Government has a unique legal relationship with Native American tribal governments as set forth in the Constitution of the United States, treaties, statutes, and court decisions. As executive departments and agencies undertake activities affecting Native American tribal rights or trust resources, such activities should be implemented in a knowledgeable, sensitive manner respectful of tribal sovereignty. Today, as part of an historic meeting, I am outlining principles that executive departments and agencies, including every component bureau and office, are to follow in their interactions with Native American tribal governments. The purpose of these principles is to clarify our responsibility to ensure that the Federal Government operates within a government-to- government relationship with federally recognized Native American tribes. I am strongly committed to building a more effective day-to-day working relationship reflecting respect for the rights of self-government due the sovereign tribal governments.
In order to ensure that the rights of sovereign tribal governments are fully respected, executive branch activities shall be guided by the following:
The head of each executive department and agency shall ensure that the department or agency's bureaus and components are fully aware of this memorandum, through publication or other means, and that they are in compliance with its requirements.
This memorandum is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create any right to administrative or judicial review, or any other right or benefit or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.
The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20250
NUMBER: 1340-6
SUBJECT: POLICIES ON AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES
DATE: October 16, 1992
OPI: OFFICE OF ADVOCACY AND ENTERPRISE or OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
The purpose of this document is to outline the policies of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in its interactions with Indians, Alaska Natives, tribal governments, and Alaska Native Corporations (ANC). USDA policies are based on and are coextensive with Federal treaties and law. These policies pertain to Federally recognized Tribes and ANCs, as appropriate, and provide guidance to USDA personnel for actions affecting Indians and Alaska Natives. These policies do not involve USDA interactions with State-recognized Tribes, Indians, or Alaska Natives who are not members of Tribes with respect to matters provided for by statute or regulation.
The United States Government has a unique, legal, and political relationship with Indians and their tribal governments as defined through treaties, statutes, court decisions, and the United States Constitution. The United States Government has obligations under treaties and statutes to protect and maintain the lands, resources, and traditional use areas of Indians. Tribal governments have powers similar to those of State governments. In Alaska, the relationship with ANCs is defined by ANCSA, as amended.
The Secretary of Agriculture is responsible for ensuring that this policy is followed. The Secretary has delegated authority to certain USDA agencies for carrying out these policies. The Office of Public Affairs, Native American Programs Office, has primary responsibility for coordinating USDA agencies' programs serving Indians and Alaska Natives. The Office of Advocacy and Enterprise has primary responsibility for coordinating USDA's equal employment, civil rights, and employment-related outreach to Indians and Alaska Natives.
Questions or comments pertaining to this regulation may be directed to the Office of Public Affairs, Native American Programs Office, Room 112-A, Washington, D.C., 20250-1300. Telephone 202-720-3805.
Further information on USDA programs will be available in the "Guide to USDA Programs for Native Americans."
END