References for a Scale Query Results

The scale Newsteadia floccosa has the following references:

Balachowsky, A.S. 1953h. Arctorthezia cataphracta Olafsen relique de la toundra boreoarctique des hauts sommets alpins [Coccoidea Orthezidae]. L'Entomologiste 9: 93-95. [Balach1953h]
Notes: Discusses distribution in Swedish Lapland, Norway, Alpine regions, and elsewhere.

Banks, H.J. & Williams, D.J. 1972. Use of the surfactant, Decon 90, in the preparation of coccids and other insects for microscopy. Journal Australian Entomological Society 11: 347-348. [BanksWi1972]
Notes: Decon 90 was useful for the preparation of hardened, dry specimens of scale insects, in biological operation & for removal of wax & other secretions.

Barbagallo, S., Binazzi, A., Bolchi Serini, G., Conci, C., Longo, S., Marotta, S., Martelli, M., Patti, I., Pellizzari, G., Rapidsarda, C. & Russo, A. 1995. Homoptera Sternorrhyncha. (In Italian). In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 43. Calderini, Bologna. 50 pp. [BarbagBiBo1995]
Notes: Last author Tranfaglia, A.; table includes 242 species from 52 genera, from Ortheziidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Cryptococcidae, Micrococcidae, Kermesidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Phoenicococcidae, and Diaspididae; distribution throughout Italy; endemic and endangered species identified.

Boratynski, K.L. 1955. Coccoidea (Hem. Homoptera) from the Austrian Tyrol. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 91: 66-67. [Boraty1955]
Notes: Collection notes on 15 coccids, with remarks on the status of various forms of Carulaspis.

Boratynski, K.L. & Williams, D.J. 1964. Coccoidea. In "Checklist of British Insects," by Kloet, G.S. & Hinks, W.D. 2nd ed. Handbk. Ident. British Insects 11: 87-94. [BoratyWi1964]
Notes: List 174 spp. in 95 gen & 10 fam.

Borchsenius, N.S. 1937a. Coccidae of Quarantine Value for U.S.S.R. and their allied species. (In Russian; Summary In English). Plant Quar. Sta., Tbilisi, Georgia. 272 pp. + 72 pls. [Borchs1937a]
Notes: Textbook used by Plant Quarantine Service; includes keys to subfamilies, tribes, gen., and species of quarantine importance; gives references, hosts and distribution for each species.

Borchsenius, N.S. 1950b. [Mealybugs and Scale Insects of USSR (Coccoidea).] (In Russian). Akademii Nauk SSSR, Zoological Institute, Moscow. 32: 250 pp. [Borchs1950b]
Notes: A synoptic review presenting keys, descriptions, host, and distribution information for 8 families, 135 genera, and about 460 species of Russian scale insects.

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1896b. A check list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 4: 318-339. [Cocker1896b]
Notes: A check list of 773 scale insects in about 86 genera including Comstockiella n. gen.

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1902q. A contribution to the classification of the Coccidae. The Entomologist 35: 232-233, 257-260. [Cocker1902q]
Notes: Brief classification or nomenclature notes on 33 supraspecific and about 116 specific units in Monophlebinae, Margarodinae, Ortheziinae, Phenacoleachiinae.

Danzig, E.M. 1964. 5. Suborder Coccinea -- Coccids or mealybugs and scale insects. (In Russian). Akademii Nauk SSR Zoologicheskogo Instituta. 1: 616-654. [Danzig1964]
Notes: [English translation in Keys to the Insects of the European USSR, edited by G.Ya. Bei-Bienko, 1967, v. 1, p. 800-850].

Danzig, E.M. 1971d. Suborder Coccinea -- coccids or mealybugs and scale insects. 800-850 In: Bei-Bienko, G.Y. [Comp.], Keys to the Insects of the European USSR. Vol. 1. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Zoological Institute. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jersualem. [Danzig1971d]
Notes: [Translated from Russian [by] Jean Salkind. Edited by O. Theodor.] Keys to nine families: Ortheziidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Coccidae, Aclerdidae and Diaspididae.

Danzig, E.M. 1980b. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with phylogenetic analysis of scale insects fauna of the world. (In Russian). Nauka, Leningrad. 367 pp. [Danzig1980b]
Notes: Comparative morphology, evolution and classification of the world fauna; includes 158 species in eight families, genera and species; hosts and distribution; biology; new synonyms. Translated into English in Danzig 1986a.

Danzig, E.M. 1985. Contribution to the scale insect fauna (Homoptera, Coccinea) of Teberda State Reserve. (In Russian). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye 64: 110-123. [Danzig1985]
Notes: Also published in English in Entomological Review 64: 145-158; reports 67 species; seven new species; 16 new records for the Caucasus.

Danzig, E.M. 1988. Suborder Coccinea. (In Russian). 686-726 In: P.A. Lehr (ed.)., Keys to insects of the Far East of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad. [Danzig1988]
Notes: N/A

De Geer, C. 1778. Dixième memoire. Supplement aux memoires des volumes precedens, ou description de quelques insectes ailes, suivie de celle de plusieurs insectes du Cap-de-Bonne esperance. 591-605 In: , Memoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. Tome 7. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm. 950 pp. + 49 Plates. [DeGeer1778]
Notes: Coccus floccosus.

Dingler, M. 1924. Biologische Notizen über verschiedene Cocciden. (In German). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 10: 364-386. [Dingle1924]
Notes: Descriptive, life-history, and collection notes on 27 scale insects.

Donisthorpe, H. 1924. Myrmecophilous notes for 1923. The Entomologist's Record 36: 69-75. [Donist1924]
Notes: Ripersia subterranea found in nests of A. (D.) niger; also Newsteadia floccosa, found with F. rufa.

Douglas, J.W. 1881a. XVII. Observations on the species of the homopterous genus Orthezia with a description of a new species. Transactions of the London Entomological Society 1881: 297-303. [Dougla1881a]
Notes: O. normani.

Douglas, J.W. 1881b. XXIX. On the identity of Coccus floccosus, De Geer and Orthezia normani Douglas. Transactions of the London Entomological Society 1881: 447-448. [Dougla1881b]
Notes: N/A

Dziedzicka, A. 1977. Comparative investigations on the hind legs of scale insects (Coccinea). (In Polish; Summary In English). Scientific Publications Krakow Sup. Teachers' College 20: 1-105. [Dziedz1977]
Notes: Studied 160 coccoid spp. in 19 families in various stages of development for the purpose of certain taxonomic characters at family levels.

Elliott, E.A. 1933. The Hemiptera of Suffolk. First Supplement. Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society 2: 134-156. [Elliot1933]
Notes: Lists 36 British outdoor coccids, with 8 from Suffolk.

Fernald, M.E. 1903b. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1-360. [Fernal1903b]
Notes: A very complete systematic catalog disposing of 256 generic or subgeneric and 1993 specific or lower-category coccid names.

Ferris, G.F. 1918. A note on the occurrence of abdominal spiracles in the Coccidae (Hemiptera). Canadian Entomologist 50: 85-88. [Ferris1918]
Notes: Discusses occurrence as reported in literature, and adds own observations on various species.

Foldi, I. 2000. [Diversity and modification of the scale insects communities of the Hyères islands in natural and man-modified environments (Hemiptera: Coccoidea).] (In French; Summary In English). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 36(1): 75-94. [Foldi2000]
Notes: [Original title: Diversité et modification des peuplements de cochenilles des Isles d'Hyères en milieux naturels et anthropisés (Hemiptera: Coccoidea).] The species diversity and the composition of populations of scale insects in natural and man-modified environments in the French Mediterranean Hyeres Islands is analysed. Of the total of 101 species collected, 63 are new records to the islands, 6 of which are new to the French fauna: Aclerda berlesii, Neomargarodes europaeus, Antonina graminis, Ferrisia virgata, Geococcus coffeae, Pure palinuri. The new records are of Palaearctic (mostly Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean) origin or cosmopolitan; most are polyphagous, specialising in living on branches. The most common coccoid species on the islands is Saissetia oleae. Trionymus lanatus seems to be endemic. Thirty five pest species are recorded, of which 21 are probably recent introductions. Both descriptive and evolutionary aspects of scale insect biodiversity were studied. Comparison of the results with data from 67 year ago shows that the modification of populations differs between natural and man-modified environments. In the natural environment of Port-Cros National Park the fauna remained quite stable, changing only from 44 to 51 species. However, in man-modified environments there has been a marked increase in the number of species: from 14 to 77 in Porquerolles, and from 18 to 30 in Levant. These results show that human activities does not reduce, on the contrary, it increases, species diversity, by facilitating introduction of alien species to the islands; among them are numerous cosmopolitan and polyphagous species which are indicators for a disturbed environment. One of the detrimental effects of human activity is the fragmentation of vegetation in fragile habitats, which particularly affects rare and monophagous species. A list of scale insect species recorded in the islands is provided, together with some biological and biogeographical data.

Foldi, I. 2001. [List of scale insects of France (Hemiptera, Coccoidea).] Liste des cochenilles de France (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). (In French; Summary In English). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 106(3): 303-308. [Foldi2001]
Notes: 381 species listed belong to 143 genera and 13 families (including Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae, Coccidae, Eriococcidae, Margarodidae, Kermesidae, Ortheziidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Aclerdidae, Dactylopiidae, Lecanodiaspididae and Phoenicococcidae). A separate list of scale insects that damage cultivated and ornamental plants is also provided.

Foldi, I. 2002. [Scale insects, aphids, whiteflies, and psyllids of the National Reserve of Camargue (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha). Cochenilles, pucerons, aleurodes et psylles de la Réserve Nationale de Camargue (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha). (In French; Summary In English). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 107(3): 243-251. [Foldi2002]
Notes: This paper provides a list with biological data of the species of scale insects, aphids, whiteflies and psyllids found in the National Reserve of Camargue, which is one of the largest reserves of wetland areas in Europe. Inventory of the species, study of their biology and analysis of their habitats contribute to improved management of these ecosystems and better conservation of their biological components. In various biotypes: forests, slopes of dams, edges of channels and roads, meadows, "sansouires", woods of Rièges and littoral dunes, 54 species of scale insects, 21 aphids, 9 whiteflies and 5 psyllids were collected. Four species of scale insects, Cupressaspis mediterranea (Diaspididae), Eriococcus pseudinsignis (Eriococcidae), Longicoccus psammophilus and Atrococcus luffi (Pseudococcidae) are new for the French fauna. The scale insects are primarily of Palearctic origin, mostly Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean, but a few are cosmopolitan. Salin-de-Badon is an area of the Reserve that contains the most Sternorrhyncha and grasses are the most common hosts.

Forsslund, K.H. 1946. [Outline of animal species found during surveys of soil fauna in Vaesterbotten.] Sammanfattande oversikt over vid markfaunaundersokningar I Vasterbotten patraffade djurformer. (In Swedish; Summary In German). Meddelande fran Statens Skogsforsoksanstalt 34: 341-364. [Forssl1946]
Notes: Newsteadia floccosa among the species recorded.

Froggatt, W.W. 1921b. A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects ('Coccidae') of Australia. Part III. Department of Agriculture, New South Wales Science Bulletin 19: 1-43. [Frogga1921b]
Notes: Lists and describes briefly 49 scale insects, including 5 as new, with Pseudopsylla n. gen.

Gertsson, C.A. 1997. [New species and new province-records of scale insects from Sweden (Homoptera: Coccoidea).] Nya arter och nya landskapsfynd av sköldlöss från Sverige. (In Swedish; Summary In English). Entomologisk Tidskrift. Stockholm 118: 111-118. [Gertss1997]
Notes: Fifty-one Swedish province records of scale insects belonging to 8 families are presented; new records for Sweden are Atrococcus achilleae, Euripersia tomlini, Rhizoecus albidus, Eulecanium douglasi and Leucaspis pini; notes of general morphology of each family, host plants and localities of collections.

Gertsson, C.A. 2000. [New species and new province records of scale insects from Sweden (Homoptera: Coccoidea) up to the year 2000.] Nya arter och nya landskapsfynd av sköldlöss från Sverige fram till år 2000. (In Swedish; Summary In English). Entomologisk Tidskrift. Stockholm 121(4): 147-153. [Gertss2000]
Notes: This work represents a continuation of the studies of the Swedish scale insect fauna. 45 new Swedish province records of scale insects (Coccoidea) belonging to eight families are presented. Seven species, Ortheziola britannica, Dysmicoccus walkeri, Euripersia europea, Planococcus vovae, Phenacoccus hordei, Trionymus radicum and T. dactylis are new records for Sweden. D. walkeri, E. europea, T. radicum and T. dactylus are also new to Fennoscandia and Denmark. O. britannica is the first find outside of the U.K.

Gertsson, C.A. 2001. An annotated checklist of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of Sweden. [Förtechnung över Sveriges sköldlöss.] (In English; Summary In Swedish). Entomologisk Tidskrift. Stockholm 122(3): 123-130. [Gertss2001]
Notes: This checklist identifies 72 species records from the 30 Swedish provinces. 13 additional species are listed from Norway, Finland and/or Denmark. Remarks are given for 57 species, including notes on records and references to the literature. A bibliography is concluded.

Ghesquière, J. 1933. Assemblée mensuelle du 7 octobre 1933. (In French). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles 73: 267-269. [Ghesqu1933]
Notes: Newsteadia collarti mentioned.

Ghesquière, J. 1934. Newsteadia collarti n. sp. Coccide (Ortheziine) radicicole et mycophile de la forêt de Soignes. (In French). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles 74: 27-32. [Ghesqu1934]
Notes: Description, biological notes, key to Newsteadia species.

Ghesquière, J. 1946. Sur la redécouverte en Belgique d'Ortheziola signoretti (Hall.) (Hem. Ortheziidae). (In French). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles 82: 236-238. [Ghesqu1946]
Notes: Proposes use of this name for O. vejdovskyi Sulc.

Ghesquière, J. 1947. [no title] (In French). Bulletin & Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 83(11/12): 293. [Ghesqu1947]
Notes: This brief note is part of the "Communications" section of a monthly meeting held November 15, 1947. A study of Orthezia cataphracta Belg., new sp., and Newsteadia floccosa (=N. collarti Ghesq.) is announced.

Giard, A. 1898. Sur les cochenilles du genre Orthezia Bosc. (In French). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1: 8-12. [Giard1898]
Notes: Synonyms and distribution of O. cataphracta and O. floccosa; notes on other species.

Giltay, M.L. 1934. [Monthly meeting of April 7, 1934.] Assemblée mensuelle du 7 avril 1934. (In French). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles 74: 129-130. [Giltay1934]
Notes: Newsteadia collarti mentioned.

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1937. Cóccidos de España. (In Spanish). Instituto de Investigaciones Agronómicas, Estación, Madrid. 432 pp. [GomezM1937]
Notes: Publisher continues: de Fitopatología Agrícola de Almería; an extended taxonomic study of 9 subfamilies, 51 genera, and 125 scale species known to occur in Spain.

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1958a. Distribución geográfica y ensayo de la ecológica de los cóccidos en España. (In Spanish). Publicado del Instituto Biologia Aplicata Barcelona 27: 5-15. [GomezM1958a]
Notes: Discusses about 143 scale insects listed in geographic groups and in monophagous and polyphagous species groups. Also in Simposia de Biogeografia Ibérica 2.

Goux, L. 1931. Notes sur les coccides [Hem. Coccidae] de la France. I. Note préliminaire: Monophlebinae, Ortheziinae, Dactylopiinae, Eriococcinae. (In French). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 20: 330-333. [Goux1931]
Notes: Collection notes on 31 species.

Goux, L. 1941a. Notes sur les Trionymus de la France et sur quelques espèces nouvelles pour la faune Francaise (Hem. Coccidae) (Notes sur les coccides (Hem. Coccidae). de la France (30e note). (In French). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 32: 31-44. [Goux1941a]
Notes: Describes 2 new species, 5 new subspecies; notes on 9 other scale insects; proposes Metadenopus festuceli Sulc. nom. nov. for M. festucae Sulc.

Green, E.E. 1902. Notes on a singular coccid from Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 19: 95-96. [Green1902]
Notes: Orthezia floccosa reported. Similar note in Ent. Monthly Mag. 38: 284-285.

Green, E.E. 1902c. Note on Orthezia floccosa, De Geer. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 38: 284-285. [Green1902c]
Notes: Newsteadie n. subgen. and O. floccosa type-sp.

Green, E.E. 1911a. On a coccid new to Great Britain: With notes on allied species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 22: 179-182. [Green1911a]
Notes: Ortheziola vejdovskyi redescribed; 2 other orthezine scale insects mentioned.

Green, E.E. 1915a. Observations on British Coccidae in 1914, with descriptions of new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (ser. 3) 51: 175-185. [Green1915a]
Notes: Notes on 22 scale insects, including descriptions of 3 new species.

Green, E.E. 1918. A list of Coccidae affecting various genera of plants. Annals of Applied Biology 4: 228-239; 5: 143-156, (1919). [Green1918]
Notes: Plant genera D through P with names of associated coccids; an occasional manuscript name.

Green, E.E. 1922b. A brief review of the indigenous Coccidae of the British Islands. Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society 12-25. [Green1922b]
Notes: Lists 127 species in 26 genera, including 67 known from greenhouses only; notes on general appearance; hosts; damage.

Green, E.E. 1925b. Notes on the Coccidae of Guernsey (Channel Islands), with descriptions of some new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 16: 516-527. [Green1925b]
Notes: Catalog of 30 scale insects, 3 described as new.

Green, E.E. 1926a. Observations on British Coccidae. - X. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 62: 172-183. [Green1926a]
Notes: Describes 5 new species; notes on 6 other scale insects; numerous additional collection records.

Green, E.E. 1927a. Notes on the Coccidae of Scotland. The Scottish Naturalist 163: 25-30; 164: 55-59 (1928). [Green1927a]
Notes: Annotated list of 21 species.

Green, E.E. 1928. A brief review of the indigenous Coccidae of the British Islands, with emendations and additions (to February, 1928). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 40: 1-14. [Green1928]
Notes: Comment on 58 scale insects assigned to 24 genera and 6 sub-families. Revision of article published in 1923 (same title).

Green, E.E. 1929. Some Coccidae collected by Dr. J.G. Myers in New Zealand. Bulletin of Entomological Research 19: 369-389. [Green1929]
Notes: Describes 9 new species, 2 new varieties, Symeria n. gen.; descriptive or collection notes on 33 other scale insects.

Green, E.E. 1934d. Observations on British Coccidae. - XIV. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 70: 108-114. [Green1934d]
Notes: Descriptive and other notes on 12 scale insects; list of 16 reported from Ireland.

Gullan, P.J. & Kosztarab, M. 1997. Adaptations in scale insects. Annual Review of Entomology 42: 23-50. [GullanKo1997]
Notes: Many unusual features of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) can be explained as historical legacy. Developmental specializations in ancestral coccoids resulted in a neotenous adult female and a drastic metamorphosis of the male. Subsequent evolution led to numerous, often convergently derived, adaptations to parasitic life on higher plants. Discussions of morphological adaptations in females and males, reproductive strategies, life-cycle adaptations, biotic interactions and suggested future research.

Hadzibejli, Z.K. 1983. [Coccids of the subtropical zone of Gruzia.] (In Russian; Summary In English). Metsniereba, Tbilisi. 293 pp. [Hadzib1983]
Notes: Describes 65 genera in 7 families; notes on 213 species; host and distribution; species grouped in 4 categories by morphological features.

Harrison, J.W.H. 1916. Coccidae and Aleyrodidae in Northumberland, Durham, and north-east Yorkshire. The Entomologist 49: 172-174. [Harris1916]
Notes: Species mentioned include Aspidiotus britannicus, Chionaspis salicis, Eriopeltis festucae, Asterolecanium variolosum, Lecanium ciliatum, Physokermes abietis, Dactylopius hibernicus, Eriococcus devoniensis, Fonscolombia fraxini, Ortheziola vejdovskyi, Orthezia cataphracta, Orthezia urticae, and Newsteadia floccosa; ecological notes.

Harrison, G.H. 1944. Coccidae from the western isles of Scotland. The Entomologist 77: 110-111. [Harris1944]
Notes: Lists 19 scale insects.

Henriksen, K.L. 1921. Oversigt over de danske Coccidae. (In Danish). Entomologiske Meddelelser 13: 305-317. [Henrik1921]
Notes: A catalog of 16 Danish scale insects and of 15 more found in greenhouses in Denmark.

Hetschko, A. 1903. Zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung von Orthezia cataphracta (Shaw) und O. floccosa (De Geer). (In German). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 22: 8. [Hetsch1903]
Notes: N/A

Hoy, J.M. 1962b. Redescription of Newsteadia myersi Green (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Ortheziidae). New Zealand Journal of Science 5: 513-516. [Hoy1962b]
Notes: Presence of 5 sets of abdominal spiracles established; placement in Newsteadia confirmed.

Jancke, G.D. 1955. Zur Morphologie der männlichen Cocciden. (In German). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 37: 265-314. [Jancke1955]
Notes: A study of the morphology of 26 male scale insects.

Jansen, M.G.M. 2001 (1999). An annotated list of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the Netherlands. Entomologica 33(1999): 197-206. [Jansen2001]
Notes: [Special Issue: Proceedings of the ISSIS VIII International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies held at Wye College (U.K.), Aug. 31st - Sept. 6th, 1998.] Sixty-six species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) have been recorded in The Netherlands up to August 1998. The species belong to 9 families, the most numerous of which are the Coccidae (19 species), the Pseudococcidae (15 species) and the Diaspididae (15 species). Nine species are recorded here for the first time: Matsucoccus matsumurae (Kuwana), Parthenolecanium rufulum (Cockerell), Phyllostroma myrtilli (Kaltenbach), Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman), Quadraspidiotus marani Zahradnik, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Steingelia gorodetskia Nassonov, Trionymus aberrans Goux and Trionymus tomlini Green. Carulaspis visci (Schrank) must be removed from the list.

Kawai, S. & Takagi, K. 1971. Two subterranean species of the Ortheziidae found in tea gardens in Japan (Coccoidea: Ortheziidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology. Tokyo 6: 112-118. [KawaiTa1971]
Notes: Describes Newsteadia kanayana new sp.; further description of Nipponorthezia ardisiae recorded from tea for the first time.

Kawecki, Z. 1938. The Coccidae of the Tatra Mountains. Part 1. (In Polish; Summary In English). Sprawozdanie Komisji Fizjograficznej Polskiej Akad. Umiejetnosci (Annual Report of the Physiographical Commission of Polish Acad. of Sciences & Letter 71: 199-208. [Kaweck1938]
Notes: Reports collection of 7 coccids (3 illustrated) in high mountains in Poland.

Kawecki, Z. 1985. Scale insects, Coccoidea. (In Polish). Catalogue of Polish Fauna, Polish Academy, Zoological Institute 21:1-108. [Kaweck1985]
Notes: In this further contribution to a series on the fauna of Poland, the author deals with the systematics of the Coccoidea occurring in that country. An index of food-plants is included together with lists of the 170 insect species recorded feeding on each, including 34 indoor species.

Kirby, W. & Spence, W. 1826. In: , An Introduction to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural History of Insects. Vol. 3. Longman & Co., London. 720 pp. [KirbySp1826]
Notes: Coccidae (Dorthesia) mentioned; Chermes abietis and Coccus floccifera.

Kiritchenko, A.N. 1931. Second contribution to the coccid fauna of Ukraine and Crimea. (In Russian). Zashchita Rastenii. Leningrad 7: 307-321. [Kiritc1931]
Notes: Collection and biological notes on 60 scale insects; 2 new generic and 7 new specific names included without descriptive information.

Knechtel, W.K. 1930. Zur Kenntnis der Coccidenfauna Rumaniens. Premier Congres des Naturalistes de Roumanei (pt. 2): 230-237. [Knecht1930]
Notes: Discusses scale insect fauna and gives hosts and distribution of 42 species in 23 genera.

Komosinska, H. & Podsiadlo, E. 1967. Materials to the fauna of scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) steppe reservations in the Nida Valley (South Poland). I. Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Biologiques 15: 683-686. [KomosiPo1967]
Notes: Lists 13 species in 10 genera; five species new to Poland.

Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1978. Scale insects - Coccoidea. (In Hungarian; Summary In English). Fauna Hungariae, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 17: 1-192. [KosztaKo1978]
Notes: Study of 209 species in 96 genera and 11 families.

Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 456 pp. [KosztaKo1988F]
Notes: Abstract: 233 spp. from 95 genera & 12 familes reviewed; descriptions of adult females & males; keys; synonymies; life cycles, biology & dispersal; host-plant range; natural enemies; geographical distribution; economic importance; genetics & endosymbionts; phylogeny; ecology; chemical & biological control; 700 references; indexes to host plants, natural enemies, distribution & scale insect names; general introduction to coccidology; methods used to collect, preserve, mount specimens on slides & rear insects. Keywords: anatomy; biological control; biology; preservation & mounting.

Koteja, J. 1971a. Notes on the Polish scale insect fauna (Homoptera, Coccoidea). III. (In Polish; Summary In English). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 41: 319-326. [Koteja1971a]
Notes: Faunistic study on shore of Baltic Sea; biotope notes; 45 species recorded with host; new biological data for some species.

Koteja, J. 1972. Notes on the Polish scale insect fauna (Homoptera, Coccoidea). IV. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 42: 565-571. [Koteja1972]
Notes: Lists 17 species in four families; new synonyms; new locality records.

Koteja, J. 1974a. The occurrence of a campaniform sensillum on the tarsus in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 44: 243-252. [Koteja1974a]
Notes: Examined over 100 coccoid species.

Koteja, J. 1974b. Comparative studies on the labium in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Warszawie, Rozprawy Naukowe 89: 1-162. [Koteja1974b]
Notes: Detailed study with illustrations; key to superfamilies, families and other high categories; lists examined species; classification of scale insects based on characters of labium.

Koteja, J. 1976. The salivary pump in the taxonomy of the Coccinea (Homoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 21: 263-290. [Koteja1976]
Notes: Description in 33 groups and 5 unplaced genera.

Koteja, J. 1980. Campaniform, basiconic, coeloconic, and intersegmental sensilla on the antennae in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia 22: 73-88. [Koteja1980]
Notes: Detailed study of 68 coccoid species.

Koteja, J. 1983a. Why the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) are unusual. Verh. SIEEC X: 325-327. [Koteja1983a]
Notes: N/A

Koteja, J. 1985b. Essay on the prehistory of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea). Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 38: 461-504. [Koteja1985b]
Notes: Detailed study of feeding behavior, evolution, apterism, sex differences, morphology, etc. of prehistoric (fossil) and other coccoid species.

Koteja, J. 1986e. Morphology and taxonomy of male Ortheziidae (Homoptera, Coccinea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 56: 323-374. [Koteja1986e]
Notes: Detailed description of external morphology of males of Orthezia urticae, O. sp., and Newsteadia floccosa; relationships within the Ortheziidae and within scale insects; author speculates that this family represents an isolated, blind branch with the archeococcids.

Koteja, J. 1987a. Protorthezia aurea gen. et sp. n. (Homoptera, Coccinea, Oretheziidae) from Baltic amber. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 30: 241-249. [Koteja1987a]
Notes: Description and illustrations.

Koteja, J. 2000a. [Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccinea).] Czerwce (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccinea). (In Polish; Summary In English). Flora i Fauna Pienin -- Monografie Pininskie 1: 169-173. [Koteja2000a]
Notes: About 150 scale insects occur in Poland. A list is provided of the 50 or so species discovered during a survey in the Pieniny Mountains in 1960-64. Eight families are represented including Ortheziidae, Xylococcidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Cryptococcidae, Coccidae and Diaspididae.

Koteja, J. 2000d. [Scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) from the Bieszczady Mountains.] Czerwce (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Bieszczadów. (In Polish; Summary In English). Monografie Bieszczadzkie 2000(7): 241-244. [Koteja2000d]
Notes: Occasional faunisitic investigations have revealed 21 common species in this region which is believed to be about 15% of the actual total. Species listed are Acanthococcus aceris, Anophococcus insignis, A. greeni, A. insignis, Chionaspis salicis, Dysmicoccus newsteadi, Eulecanium ciliatum, Heterococcus nudus, Kaweckia glyceriae, Lepidosaphes ulmi, Luzulaspis nemorosa, Newsteadia floccosa, Orthezia urticae, Parthenolecanium rufulum, Phenacoccus aceris, Pulvinaria betulae, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis, Sphaerolecanium prunastri, Trionymus perrisi, T. tomlini and Cryptococcus fagisuga.

Koteja, J. & Liniowska, E. 1976. The clypeolabral shield in the taxonomy of the Coccinea (Homoptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 46: 653-681. [KotejaLi1976]
Notes: General characteristics and evolutionary trends; description of clypeolabral shield in 30 groups + 5 unplaced genera.

Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B. 1966. Investigations on scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 11: 305-332. [KotejaZa1966]
Notes: Lists 38 species, including Luzulaspis pieninica n. sp.; L. pieninica compared with L. grandis and L. caucasica; some species new for Poland; hosts and distribution; describes biotope.

Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B. 1969. The scale-insect fauna (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Ojcow National Park in Poland. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 14: 351-373. [KotejaZa1969]
Notes: Lists 53 species in 41 genera, including 11 new for Poland; hosts; biotopes.

Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B. 1983. [The Coccinea fauna (Homoptera) of the Krakow-Czestochowa upland (southern Poland).] (In Polish; Summary In English). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 26: 465-490. [KotejaZa1983]
Notes: Host and distribution of 96 spp. in 12 families and 58 gen.; zoogeography and ecology of coccoid fauna discussed.

Kozár, F. 1999a. Data to the scale insect (Homoptera: Coccoidea) fauna of the Aggtelek National Park. The Fauna of the Aggtelek National Park 137-142. [Kozar1999a]
Notes: 46 scale insect species are reported from the area of the National Park; 29 species are new for the region. Species are from Ortheziidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Cryptococcidae, Coccidae, Cerococcidae, Asterolecaniidae and Diaspididae. Dysmicoccus walkeri is a new species for Hungarian fauna. The paper presents data on the localities (collecting places), host plants, instars and also on species density.

Kozár, F. 2004. In: , Ortheziidae of the World. Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. 525 pp. [Kozar2004]
Notes: This work includes 4 subfamilies, 9 tribes, 20 valid genera (including 3 fossils) and 198 species (including 7 fossil species). A further 7 generic synonymous and 14 specific synonymous names are listed. Ten new genera, and 94 new species are described in this book.

Kozár, F. & Foldi, I. 2001. Description of a new species of Newsteadia from Corsica, France (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Ortheziidae). (In English; Summary In French). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 18(92): 157-160. [KozarFo2001]
Notes: Newsteadia susannae sp. n. is described from Corsica (France), increasing the number of the Newsteadia species known from the region to four. The new species was found together with N. floccosa (De Geer), which is widely distributed in the palaearctic region. N. susannae differs from N. floccosa in details of the antennal setae, by possessing numerous quadrilocular pores, and by lacking division between the wax plate bands on the mid-dorsum. The samples also contained N. floccosa, Ortheziola vejdovskyi and Arctorthezia cataphracta.

Kozár, F. & Kosztarab, M. 1982 (1980). Coccoidea of Central European forests and their host relationships. Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis S A Supplementum 203-211. [KozarKo1982]
Notes: Used Jaccard's Coefficient of Similarity to calculate and express relationships of 64 coccoid species in 31 genera and 9 families.

Kozár, F. & Konczné Benedicty, Z. 1999a. Revision of Newsteadia (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of Oriental and Palaearctic regions, with description of new species. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 50: 165-178. [KozarKo1999a]
Notes: The new species that are described and illustrated are Newsteadia topali, N. leobli, N. koeroesicsomai, N. vasarhelyii, N. vietnamensis, N. floccosa and N. kanayana.

Kozár, F. & Konczné Benedicty, Z. 2000. Revision of Newsteadia of the Australian and Pacific regions, with description of eleven new species (Homoptera : Coccoidea, Ortheziidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46(3): 197-229. [KozarKo2000]
Notes: New species of Newsteadia are described and illustrated (N. australiensis, N. baloghi, N. biroi, N. caledoniensis, N. endroedyi, N. guineensis, N. gullanae, N. martini, N. milleri, N. monikae and N. tasmaniensis) and the already known four species (N. guadalcanalia, N. myersi, N. samoana and N. zimmermani) are redescribed from the regions studied. A key is presented for the identification of 15 species currently included in the genus from these regions. A modified concept of the genus is presented and several new characters are given as diagnostic of the genus. The genus Trans-newsteadia is synonymized. The zoogeography of the genus is discussed.

Kozár, F. & Konczné Benedicty, Z. 2001. Revision of Newsteadia (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the Nearctic and Neotropic regions, with descriptions of new species. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 36(1-2): 123-142. [KozarKo2001]
Notes: Newsteadia borhidii new sp., N. brasiliensis new sp., N. costaricaensis new sp., N. floridensis new sp., N. minima, N. morrisoni new sp., N. trisegmentalis, N. tristani, and N. tropicalis new sp. are described and the new species are illustrated. Key to adult females of Newsteadia found in these regions is provided.

Kozár, F., Ördögh, G. & Kosztarab, M. 1977. New records to the Hungarian scale insect fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea). (In Hungarian; Summary In English). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 30: 69-75. [KozarOrKo1977]
Notes: Lists 78 species in 9 families with hosts and distribution; 13 species new to Hungary.

Kozár, F. & Ostafichuk, V.G. 1987. New and little known scale-insects species from Moldavia (USSR) (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 48: 91-95. [KozarOs1987]
Notes: 48 species recorded; Cerococcus cycliger, Kermes ilicis and Lepidosaphes tiliae new for the USSR and new to the fauna of Moldavia.

Kozár, F., Tranfaglia, A. & Pellizzari, G. 1984. New records on the scale insect fauna of Italy (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri'. Portici 41: 3-9. [KozarTrPe1984]
Notes: Hosts and distribution for 21 coccoid species in 7 families, all new for Italy; new comb.

Kozár, F. & Walter, J. 1985. Check-list of the Palaearctic Coccoidea (Homoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 46: 63-110. [KozarWa1985]
Notes: Included in this list are 1938 species; 2 new genera, 1 new species name and 98 new combs. proposed.

Kozarzhevskaya, E.F. 1986. Scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of ornamental plants of the European part of the USSR and some neighboring countries. (In Russian). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye 65: 304-316. [Kozarz1986]
Notes: 64 species listed in 8 genera; discussion of regional distributions.

Kozarzhevskaya, E.F. & Reitzel, J. 1975. The scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of Denmark. Statens Forsogsvirksomhed i Plantekultur Beretning. Copenhagen 1226: 1-40. [KozarzRe1975]
Notes: Hosts and distribution, habitat and economic importance of 61 species in 5 families; 32 species new to fauna; key to families; distribution of coccoids known from Scandinavia, Finland, Iceland and Greenland.

Kunkel, H. 1967. Systematische Übersicht über die Verteilung zweier Ernährungsformtypen bei den Sternorrhynchen (Rhynchota, Insecta). (In German; Summary In English). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie 54: 37-74. [Kunkel1967]
Notes: Tabulation of results of study from literature and observations of author; survey of mode of feeding of all Rhynchota, including 15 families of scale insects; detailed bibliography.

Lagowska, B. 2002 (2001). Zoogeographical analysis of the scale insect fauna of Poland. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura (Milano) 33(3): 239-248. [Lagows2002]
Notes: [Special Issue: Proceedings of the ISSIS IX International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies held at The University of Padua, Italy, Sept. 2-8, 2001.] A list of 137 scale insects species from Poland, belonging to 9 families is presented. The species that occur in Poland can be divided into three groups: (1) species restricted to the Palaearctic region (106 species, 77.4% of the total fauna), (2) species whose range is limited to 2-3 zoogeographical regions (22 species, 16.0% of the total fauna), (3) cosmopolitan species (9 species, 6.6% of the total fauna). The Palaearctic species are divided into the following subgroups: (a) species widely distributed in the Palaearctic region (50% species, 47.2%), (b) species distributed in two subregions (31 species, 29.2%), (c) species restricted only to Euro-Siberian region (25 species, 23.6%). Among the latter, there are 12 species which occur only in a few countries. A brief comment is given on each group. The ratio of species per genera was also calculated.

Lagowska, B. & Koteja, J. 1996. [Scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) of Roztocze.] Czerwce (Homoptera, Coccinea) Roztocza. (In Polish; Summary In English). Fragmenta Faunistica 39: 29-42. [LagowsKo1996]
Notes: 88 species recorded from Ortheziidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Cryptococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae and Diaspididae families; 63 new to the region, four new to Poland, and one new to science; biology, ecology and zoogeographical aspects.

Lindinger, L. 1912b. Die Schildläuse (Coccidae) Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorder-Asiens, einschliesslich der Azoren, der Kanaren und Madeiras. (In German). Ulmer, Stuttgart. 388 pp. [Lindin1912b]
Notes: Survey of scale insect classification; alphabetical generic plant host list with key to infesting scale insects under each; every scale insect record numbered serially; scale insect geographical distribution by country, based on reference to serial numbers; list of coccid synonyms; list of 241 valid coccid names with serial numbers to show plant associations.

Lindinger, L. 1914. Die Cocciden-Literatur des Jahres 1909. (In German). Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 10: 114-120, 155-160, 243-249. [Lindin1914]
Notes: Reviews of published papers; Jaapia new genus proposed; some synonymy indicated.

Lindinger, L. 1923. Einführung in die Kenntnis der deutschen Schildläuse. (In German). Entomologisches Jahrbuch 32: 138-152. [Lindin1923]
Notes: General discussion; keys to 8 subfamilies and 32 genera; list of species under each genus.

Lindinger, L. 1927. Bericht über die Tätigkeit der Abteilung f. Pflanzenschutz. (In German). Jahresberichte Institut für Angewandte Botanik. Hamburg 121-128. [Lindin1927]
Notes: Lists 14 scale insects as interceptions; hosts and origin of species.

Lindinger, L. 1928. Bericht über die Tätigkeit der Abteilung für Pflanzenschutz. A. Überwachung der Ein- und Ausfuhr von Obst und Pflanzen (amtliche Pflanzenbeschau.). (In German). Hamburgerischen Institut für Angewandte Botanie. Jahresberichte : 94-110. [Lindin1928]
Notes: Lists 80 scale insects as interceptions; 51 scale insect names reassigned or misidentification corrected [sometimes erroneously].

Lindinger, L. 1934b. Über Schildläuse. (In German). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft 46: 169-175. [Lindin1934b]
Notes: Brief mention or listing of numerous species, with some discussion on distribution and hosts.

Lindinger, L. 1935. Die nunmehr gültigen Namen der Arten in meinem 'Schildläusebuch' und in den 'Schildläusen der Mitteleuropäischen Gewächshäuser'. (In German). Arbeiten über physiologische und angewandte Entomologie 44: 127-149. [Lindin1935]
Notes: Lists the 241 valid names of "Die Schildläuse" and indicates current view of validity, synonymy, etc. of each; same for 47 scale insects in greenhouse scale insect paper.

Lindinger, L. 1936. Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Schildläuse (Coccidae). (In German). Entomologisches Jahrbuch 45: 148-167. [Lindin1936]
Notes: Resurrects Mytilococcus; notes on 2 scale insects; additions (added species and distribution) to material in "Die Schildläuse" (304 notes).

Lindinger, L. 1937. Verzeichnis der Schildlaus-Gattungen. (Homoptera - Coccoidea Handlirsch, 1903). (In German). Entomologischen Jahrbuch 46: 178-198. [Lindin1937]
Notes: Alphabetical list of 657 scale insect generic names with indication of Lindinger synonymy; genotypes indicated for 302 considered valid. Lindinger 1955 states this publication appeared in 1936.

Lindinger, L. 1938. Verzeichnis der aus Nordwest-Deutschland, insbesosondere aus Gross-Hamburg gemeldeten Schildläuse (Homoptera-Coccoidea). (In German). Verhandlungen des Vereins für Naturwissenschaftliche Heimatforschung 26: 1-15. [Lindin1938]
Notes: A list of 74 scale insects with their food-plants from northwest Germany, particularly Hamburg.

Lindinger, L. 1939. Nachtrag zur Schildlaus-fauna Nordwestdeutschlands. (In German). Bombus 10: 37-38. [Lindin1939]
Notes: Pseudaonidia tricuspidata n. sp. described; 20 additional scale insects listed.

Longo, S., Marotta, S., Pellizzari, G., Russo, A. & Tranfaglia, A. 1995. An annotated list of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of Italy. Israel Journal of Entomology 29: 113-130. [LongoMaPe1995]
Notes: A list of the 343 species of scale insects recorded in Italy until 1993; species belong to 14 families; most numerous are the Pseudococcidae - 114 species, Diaspididae - 114 species and the Coccidae (50 species); data given on their distribution throughout the Italian territory; information on introduced and acclimatized species; Acanthococcus rosannae is transferred from Eriococcus.

Longo, S., Marotta, S., Pellizzari, G., Russo, A. & Tranfaglia, A. 1999a. A zoogeographical analysis of the Italian scale insect fauna. 25 In: , VIIIth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies. , . 41 pp. [LongoMaPe1999a]
Notes: [Conference held at Wye College, University of London, Aug. 31st - Sept. 6th, 1998.] Abstract only. This paper presents the results of a zoogeographical analysis of the Italian scale insect fauna, which includes 365 species to date. Eleven species have not been included in the present analysis because their original description was poor, their identity is doubtful and they have not been recorded since. Italian scale insect fauna is grouped into several fundamental groups and subgroups and distribution analyzed.

Lounsbury, C.P. 1895. A new greenhouse pest. Annual Report of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 32: 111-132. [Lounsb1895]
Notes: Orthezia insignis; detailed description and key, and quoted descriptions for all known species of Orthezia.

Luff, W.A. 1904. The Coccidae of Guernsey. Report and Transactions, Guernsey Society of Natural Science 1903: 272-277. [Luff1904]
Notes: Lists 15 scale insects with collection data; incidental comment on several other common coccids.

MacGillivray, A.D. 1921. In: , The Coccidae. Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and Some of the More Important Genera and Species, together with Discussions . . . Scarab, Urbana, Ill.. 502 pp. [MacGil1921]
Notes: A synoptic classification of the Coccidae, presenting 17 subfamilies and many new genera; subfamily, generic, and in many instances, specific keys; especially detailed treatment of Diaspidinae; based primarily on a study of coccid literature, not specimens; no illustrations.

Mamet, J.R. 1943. New species of Coccoidea (Homoptera) from Mauritius. Bulletin of Entomological Research 34: 117-128. [Mamet1943]
Notes: Describes 6 new species.

Mamet, J.R. 1947a. On the probable centre of dispersion of the genus Newsteadia Green (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series A: General Entomology 22: 49-51. [Mamet1947a]
Notes: Suggests that probable origin was in tropics.

Marotta, S. & Tranfaglia, A. 1990. New and little known species of Italian scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). 107-112 In: , Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies, Part II. Cracow, Poland: August 6-12, 1990. Agricultural University Press, Cracow. [MarottTr1990]
Notes: Abstract: New data presented on 16 spp.; 2 new spp. to Italy; distribution; economic importance.

Martin-Mateo, M.P. 1985. Inventario preliminar de los cóccidos de España. III. Pseudococcidae, Ortheziidae y Margarodidae. (In Spanish; Summary In English). Graellsia, Revista de Entomólogos Ibéricos. Madrid 41: 89-104. [Martin1985]
Notes: Hosts and distributions of 49 species.

Modeer, A. 1778. Om fastflyet. Coccus. Handlingar Gotheborgska Wetenskaps och Witterhets Samhallets. Wetenskaps Afdelingen. Gotheborg (ser. 1) 1: 11-50. [Modeer1778]
Notes: Discusses 38 Coccus, including diosma, alni, ulmi, uva, spuria, and abietis, apparently presented as new names.

Morrison, H. 1925. Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 97-154. [Morris1925]
Notes: Keys and descriptions for 5 genera, 2 subgenera, and 34 scale insects, with notes on 7 others; Mixorthezia n. gen.

Morrison, H. 1952. Classification of the Ortheziidae. Supplement to "Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae." United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1052: 1-80. [Morris1952]
Notes: A revision of an earlier paper, presenting keys for 6 genera and 74 species, 31 of these described as new; notes on 32 previously described species.

Nast, J., Chudzicka, E., Klimaszewski, S.M., Wojciechowski, W., Czylok & Koteja, J. 1990. Homoptera (In Polish; Summary In English). In: Razowski, J., Ed., [Checklist of Animals of Poland.] Wykaz zwierzat Polski. Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, . 158 pp. [NastChKl1990]
Notes: [In personal correspondence (1997), Koteja indicated that he is the sole author of the Coccinea section of the Homoptera chapter, but there is no indication of this in the publication. He also stated that the book was published in 1991 not 1990, but we have been unable to confirm this.] 218 species listed from Ortheziidae, Monophlebidae, Steingeliidae, Xylococcidae, Matsucoccidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Cryptococcidae, Kermesidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, and Diaspididae.

Newstead, R. 1903. Monograph of the Coccidae of the British Isles. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London. 270 pp. [Newste1903]
Notes: An elaborate descriptive review amply illustrated, covering 52 non-diaspine British scale insects assigned to 24 genera in 6 subfamilies; keys to 19 genera and to species of multiple species genera. Critical review by T.D.A. Cockerell, in Science (n.s.) 19: 501-502, 1904.

Newstead, R. 1904. Coccidae. Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh 15: 156-157. [Newste1904]
Notes: Mentions Orthezia cataphracta and O. (Newsteadia) floccosa.

Ossiannilsson, F. 1959. [Contributions to the knowledge of the Swedish coccid fauna (Hom. Coccoidea) II.] (In Swedish; Summary In English). Opuscula Entomologica. Lund 24: 193-201. [Ossian1959]
Notes: Lists 33 indigenous scale insects, 32 greenhouse scale insects as present in Sweden, and 10 diaspidids found on imported fruits.

Ossiannilsson, F. 1971. [To the knowledge of Hemiptera on Kullaberg Mtn.] (In Swedish). Kullabergs Natur. Lund 14: 1-55. [Ossian1971]
Notes: Records seven scale insect species; some new records; hosts.

Ossiannilsson, F. 1984. [On the distribution of Ortheziidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Sweden.] (In Swedish; Summary In English). Entomologisk Tidskrift. Stockholm 105: 123-127. [Ossian1984]
Notes: Key to 4 species found in Sweden; hosts and distribution.

Pierre, L.M. 1928. Deuxième contribution àe l'étude des coccides du département de l'allier. (In French). Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais 1: 3-8. [Pierre1928]
Notes: List of 30 scale insects with collection data.

Podsiadlo, E. & Komosinska, H. 1976. Further investigations on the scale insect fauna (Homoptera, Coccoidea) in the Nida Valley (Southern Poland). Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Biologiques 24: 87-91. [PodsiaKo1976]
Notes: [Summary in Russian]. List of 18 coccid species with their hosts and distribution; two species new to Poland.

Rasina, B.P. 1955. Material on the Coccoidea (Homoptera) fauna of the Latvian SSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Latviiskoi SSR 5: 67-75. [Rasina1955]
Notes: Russian summary. List of 47 scale insects with collection data. Eriopeltis rasinae Borchs, ms.

Rasina, B.P. 1959. Coccids (Homoptera Coccoidea) in different biotaxes of Latvian SSR. Trudy Instituta Biologii, Akademii Nauk Latviiskoi SSR 12: 107-119. [Rasina1959]
Notes: Several scale insects discussed as indicators of various types of woody plant associations.

Renouf, L.P.W. 1932. Some air-breathing arthropods of the Littoral region of the Coast of County Cork, I.F.S. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10: 262-266. [Renouf1932]
Notes: Orthezia urticae recorded on Plantago and Aruneria.

Richard, C. 1979. [Two new species of Ortheziidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea) on Reunion and Rodriguez Islands (Indian Ocean).] Deux nouvelles espèces d'Ortheziidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea) à l'île de la Reunion et à l'île Rodrigue. (In French; Summary In English). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris Ser. v4, Sec. A, 1: 1079-1085. [Richar1979]
Notes: Two new species belonging to the family Ortheziidae are described, both from various localities in Reunion Island; Nipponorthezia mameti and Newsteadia gomyi. N. mameti was discovered in Rodriguez Island.

Richard, C. 1998. Ortheziidae. 444-450 In: Kozár, F., Ed., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coccoidea. Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. 526 pp. [Richar1998]
Notes: Reviews Arctorthezia cataphracta, A. occidentalis, A. vardziae, Newsteadia floccosa, N. kanayana, Nipponorthezia ardisiae, N. hispanica, Orthezia arenariae, O. insignis, O. shirakensis, O. urticae and O. yasushii. Each entry lists citations to original descriptions, new generic combinations, redescriptions, revisions and monographs; distributions; host plants; brief biological notes.

Rogojanu, V. 1958. Contribution to the systematics and ecology of the family Ortheziidae (Coccidae) of Romania. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie. Bucuresti 9: 301-315. [Rogoja1958]
Notes: Reports 4 species from 3 biotopes.

Rosciszewska, M. 1989a. Sense organs of antennae of Ortheziidae (Homoptera, Coccinea). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia; Series: Zoologia 31: 1-18. [Roscis1989a]
Notes: Abstract: External morphology of the antennae and their sense organs described in Orthezia urticae, Arctorthezia cataphracta, Newsteadia floccosa and Ortheziola veydovskyi.

Sampo, A. & Olmi, M. 1976. Discovery in Italy of Ortheziola vejdovskyi Sulc, potentially injurious to the roots of ornamental plants (Coccoidea Ortheziidae). (In Italian; Summary In English). Atti dell'Accademia delle Scienze Torino 110: 217-219. [SampoOl1976]
Notes: Hosts and distribution; taxonomic note.

Schmutterer, H. 1952. [The ecology of the Cocciden (Homoptera, Coccoidea) Franconia. 2. paragraph.] Die Ökologie der Cocciden (Homoptera, Coccoidea) Frankens. 2. Abschnitt. (In German). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 33: 369-420, 544-584; 34: 65-100. [Schmut1952]
Notes: Both detailed and generalized observations on the ecology of 85 scale insects, with detailed descriptive information on 16, including 2 new species.

Schmutterer, H. 1952b. [On the knowledge of scale insect fauna in Bavaria.] Zur Kenntnis der Schildlausfauna Bayerns (Homopt. Coccoidea). (In German). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 1: 14-15, 18-21. [Schmut1952b]
Notes: Reports 49 species for the Bavarian fauna, none new.

Schmutterer, H. 1955. [New contributions to the german Cocciden fauna: About the scale insect fauna of the northern lime alps.] Neue Beiträge zur deutschen Coccidenfauna: Zur Schildlausfauna der Nördlichen Kalkalpen. (In German). Berichte über die 7. Wanderversammlung Deutscher Entomologen. Berlin 1954: 159-164. [Schmut1955]
Notes: Luzulaspis montana n. sp.; brief general notes on the occurrence of several other scale insects.

Schmutterer, H. 1974. [Coccina - scale insects.] Coccina - Schildläuse. (In German). 43-50. In: Stresemann, E., [Fauna of east and west Germany: Insects - Part 2.] Exkursionsfauna fü die gebiete der DDR und der BRD: Insekten - Zweiter Halbband Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag, Berlin. 476 pp. [Schmut1974]
Notes: Brief coverage of Orthezia urticae, Arctorthezia cataphracta, Newsteadia floccosa, Porphyrophora polonica, Matsucoccus pini, Xylococcus filiferus, Kermes quercus, Parthenolecanium corni, Eulecanium coryli, Pulvinaria vitis, Eriopeltis festucae, Physokermes piceae, P. hemicryphus, Pseudococcus maritimus, Phenacoccus aceris, Euripersia tomlinii, Eriococcus insignis, E. spurius, Cryptococcus fagi, Pseudochermes fraxini, Quadraspidiotus pyri, Q. perniciosus, Leucaspis lowi, Carulaspis juniperi, Lepidosaphes ulmi and Chionaspis salicis.

Schmutterer, H. 1980. [On the status of the scale insect (Homoptera, Coccoidea) in the Federal Republic of Germany.] Zum Stand der Erforschung der Schildlause (Homoptera, Coccoidea) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. (In German; Summary In English). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie. Bremen 2: 49-56. [Schmut1980]
Notes: Lists 108 coccoid species in 10 families references to taxonomy, ecology, post-embryonic development, economic importance, control and future tasks.

Soria, S., Moreno, M., Viñuela, E. & Estal, P. del. 2000. [Scale insects on Pinus spp. in Spain.] Principales cochinillas en los pinos españoles. (In Spanish; Summary In English). Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas 26(3): 335-348. [SoriaMoVi2000]
Notes: Ten species of Coccoidea on pines in Spain are reviewed here. Puto superbus was recorded for the first time in Spain. Coccus hesperidum was recorded for the first time on this host in Spain. The importance of Anamaspis lowi, Dinaspidiotus britannicus, Gomezmenoraspis pinicola, Leucaspis pini, L. pusilla, Matsucoccus feytaudi, M. matsumurae and Paleococcus fuscipennis are discussed.

Stresemann, E. 1994. (In German). In: , [Excursion fauna of Germany.] Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Vol. 2/2 Volk und Wissen, Berlin. 424 pp. [Strese1994]
Notes: Species reviewed include Orthezia urticae, Arctorthezia cataphracta, Newsteadia floccosa, Porphyrophora polonica, Matsucoccus pini, Xylococcus filiferus, Kermes quercus, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum, Parthenolecanium corni, P. rufulum, P. fletcheri, Sphaerolecanium prunastri, Saissetia coffeae, Eulecanium mali, Coccus hesperidum, Pulvinaria betulae, Phyllostroma myrtilli, Eriopeltis festucae, Physokermes hemicryphus, P. piceae, Pseudococcus maritimus, Planococcus citri, Euripersia tomlini, Phenacoccus aceris, Gossyparia spuria, Rhizococcus insignis, Cryptococcus fagisuga, Pseudochermes fraxini, Quadraspidiotus gigas, Q. ostreaeformis, Q. perniciosus, Q. pyri, Nuculaspis abietis, Leucaspis pini, Anamaspis lowi, Lepidosaphes ulmi, Chionaspis salicis, Epidiaspis leperii, Aulacaspis rosae and Carulaspis juniperi.

Strickland, A.H. 1947a. Coccids attacking cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), in West Africa, with descriptions of five new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 38: 497-523. [Strick1947a]
Notes: A list of 44 scale insects, including the 5 new species, with collection and other notes; a supplementary list of 17 non-African cacao coccids.

Szklarzewicz, T. 1997. Structure and development of the telotrophic ovariole in ensign scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Ortheziidae). Tissue and Cell 29: 31-38. [Szklar1997]
Notes: The paired ovaries of young larvae of the 3rd instar of Orthezia urticae are filled with numerous germ cell clusters that can be regarded as ovariole anlagen. Germ cells (cystocytes) belonging to one cluster form a rosette, in the centre of which a polyfusome occurs. Staining with rhodamine-phalloidin has revealed that polyfusomes contain numerous microfilaments. The number of cystocytes per cluster is not stable and varies considerably. The ovaries of older larva become elongated with numerous young ovarioles protruding into the body cavity. The ovarioles are not subdivided into the tropharium and vitellarium. In this stage germ cells differentiate into oocytes and trophocytes (nurse cells). The ovaries of adult females are composed of about 20 (Newsteadia floccosa) or 30 (O. urticae) ovarioles. Their trophic chambers contain trophocytes and arrested oocytes. In the vitellarium, at the given moment, only one oocyte develops. It has been observed that after maturation of the first egg the arrested oocytes may develop.

Szklarzewicz, T. 1998. Structure of ovaries in scale insects. I. Pseudococcidae, Kermesidae, Eriococcidae, and Cryptococcidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 27: 167-172. [Szklar1998]
Notes: Developing ovaries of the scale insects Nipaecoccus nipae and Cryptococcus fagisuga contain clusters of interconnected cells (cystocytes) that are arranged into rosettes; polyfusomes occur in the centres of the rosettes. Ovaries of the adults of these scale insects are composed of numerous short telotrophic ovarioles. Tropharia (trophic chambers) of Dysmicoccus newsteadi, Eriococcus buxi, C. fagisuga and Pseudochermes fraxini comprise only trophocytes (nurse cells), whereas those of Kermes quercus and Gossyparia spuria also contain arrested oocytes. The latter probably degenerate. It is suggested that during evolution of scale insects a gradual reduction of germ cells to 4 per cluster (3 trophocytes and 1 oocyte) took place. In light of the obtained results, anagenesis of scale insect ovarioles is discussed.

Szklarzewicz, T. & Bilinski, S.M. 1995. Structure of ovaries in ensign scale insects, the most primitive representatives of Coccomorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera). Journal of Morphology 224: 23-29. [SzklarBi1995]
Notes: Discussion of ovaries of Orthezia urticae and Newsteadia floccosa; previous research covered ovaries of Aspidiotus hederae, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis and Lecanium pomeranicum.

Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1868. Introduzione alla seconda memoria per gli studi sulle cocciniglie, e catalogo dei generi e delle specie della famiglia dei coccidi. (In Italian). Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali 11: 721-738. [Targio1868]
Notes: A general discussion of scale insect characters and classification with characterization of 4 tribes; a list of approximately 200 scale insect names considered valid, including 15 generic names and about 66 specific names presented as new, with about 45 of the latter substitutes for names already available.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1959c. Zoogeographical characteristics of the scale insect fauna (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Transcarpathian region. (In Ukrainian; Summary In English). Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR, Seriya B (Heolohichni Khimichni ta Biolohichni Nauky) 7: 795-799. [Terezn1959c]
Notes: [Also summarized in Russian]; reports no endemic species; most are European-Siberian elements, some Mediterranean, and one species Pan-Palaearctic.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1963. Trophic association of scale insects (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Transcarpathian region. (In Russian). Flora i Fauna Karpat 2: 182-191. [Terezn1963]
Notes: Lists numerous scale insect species under host plants.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1963a. Ecologo-Faunistic survey of scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of Ukrainian woodlands. (In Ukrainian). Prazi Institutu Zoologii, Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR 19: 41-57. [Terezn1963a]
Notes: Russian summary; 54 species in 37 genera and eight families; redescribes some species; hosts.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1963b. A preliminary ecologic-faunistic review of the coccids (Coccoidea) of the Kanevsk Forest Reserve. (In Russian). Sbornik Rabot Laboratorii Arakhno-Entomologii Kievskogo Universiteta 1963: 151-157. [Terezn1963b]
Notes: Reports 25 species in 18 genera and five families.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1963c. Ecologo-Geographic groups of coccids (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Ukrainian Polessye. (In Ukrainian; Summary In English). Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR 11: 1527-1529. [Terezn1963c]
Notes: Summary also in Russian; reports no endemic species; most are from central Europe, some others from mixed forests, taiga, steppe, and Mediterranean.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1966. Ecologic-faunistic survey of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Transcarpathian Region. (In Ukrainian). Problemii Zoologii, Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR 1966: 20-37. [Terezn1966]
Notes: 80 species in 47 genera and seven families; some descriptive nots; hosts.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1966c. Food plants of Coccidae of the Ukrainian woodlands. (In Ukrainian; Summary In English). Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR Dopovidi 7: 961-965. [Terezn1966c]
Notes: Summary also in Russian; records 41 host plants in 16 families; notes host specificity of some species.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1970. [Morphological adaptation of scale insects under habitat conditions in the USSR.] (In Russian). Akademii Nauk Ukrains'koi SSR Instituta Zoologicheskogo 1-120. [Terezn1970]
Notes: Adaptation to host plants; study of eight families; morpho-ecological types of scale insects; descriptions.

Tereznikova, E.M. 1975. [Coccids.] In The "Fauna of Ukraine".] (In Ukrainian). Akademii Nauk Ukrains'koi SSR Instituta Zoologicheskogo 20(Pt. 18): 295 pp. [Terezn1975]
Notes: Includes species in the family Ortheziidae, Margarodidae and Pseudococcidae; key to families and species; description; hosts and distribution; natural enemies.

Williams, D.J. 1991. Superfamily Coccoidea in Hemiptera (Bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.), Carver, M., Gross, G. F. & Woodward, T. E. (eds.). 457-464 In: CSIRO, ed., The insects of Australia: a textbook for students and research workers. Vol. I, Chapter 30. Melbourne University Press, Carlton. [Willia1991DJ]
Notes: Abstract: Overview of the more than 6000 species of this superfamily; 840 are found in Australia; key provided to 13 families in Australia.

Woodward, T.E., Evans, J.W. & Eastop, V.F. 1970. Hemiptera (Bugs, leafhoppers, etc.). 387-457. In: Mackerras, I.M., Ed., The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. 1029 pp. [WoodwaEvEa1970]
Notes: Development, life cycle and coccoids in general; key to 10 families (by D.J. Williams); hosts and distribution; parasites; coccoidea section mentions or illustrates Newsteadia floccosa, Orthezia insignis, Icerya seychellarum, Ceroplastes destructor, C. rubens, Asterolecanium hakeae, Planococcus citri, Aonidiella aurantii, A. citrina, Aclerda takahashii, A. sellahispanica, Pseudococcus longispinus, Chrysomphalus ficus, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Q. ostreaeformis, Q. pyri, Saissetia nigra, S. coffeae, S. oleae, Dactylopius coccus, Antonina graminis, Ripersiella rumicis, Dysmicoccus brevipes, Coccus hesperidum, Paralecanium expansum, Ericerus pela, Laccifer lacca, Colobopyga kewensis, Aspidiotus nerii, Lepidosaphes beckii, Parlatoria proteus and Unaspis citri.

Wünn, H. 1925c. Die Coccidenfauna Badens. (6. Mitteilung über Cocciden.) (In German). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 11: 427-451. [Wunn1925c]
Notes: Detailed collection data for 28 additional scale insects.

Wünn, H. 1926. In Elsass-Lothringen vorkommende Schildlausarten. (In German). Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 21: 22-28, 40-50. [Wunn1926]
Notes: Detailed collection data for 10 additional scale insects; host list for all 43 scale insects discussed.

Yang, P.L. 1982. [General classification of scale insects in China.] (In Chinese). Shanghai Science & Technology, Shanghai. 425 pp. [Yang1982]
Notes: Hosts and distribution for 960 species in 204 genera and 14 families; description of adult females of each genus; keys to families, subfamilies, tribes, genera and to some species; Megapulvinaria new genus; indices given to taxa and hosts.

Zahradník, J. 1972. Überfamilie Archaeococcoidea, Neococcoidea. (In German). 391-446 In: Schwenk, W., Ed., Die Forstschädlinge Europas. Paul Parey, Hamburg-Berlin. [Zahrad1972]
Notes: Ortheziidae, Xylococcidae, Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae and Diaspididae; descriptive notes, host and distribution for species in each family.

Zahradník, J. 1977. Aleyrodinea - Coccinea. In "Enumeratio Insectorum Bohemoslovakiae". Acta Faunistica Entomologicae Musei Nationalis Pragae, Supplement 4: 117-122. [Zahrad1977]
Notes: A list of 141 coccoid species in 10 families from Czechoslovakia.

Zak-Ogaza, B. & Koteja, J. 1964. Investigations on scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of the Pieniny Mountains. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 9: 417-439. [ZakOgaKo1964]
Notes: Annotated list of 37 species in 27 genera and six families, 12 new to Poland; hosts and distribution; life cycle of Acanthococcus aceris, Ceroputo pilosellae and Paroudablis piceae.

Your query returned 171 records.