ISSN:1052-5378

Compiled By:
Jerry Rafats
Reference Section
Reference and User Services Branch

Also available from:
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Rafats, Jerry

Earthworms

(Quick bibliography series ; 97-06)

1. Earthworms--Bibliography. 2. Compost--Bibliography. I. Title
aZ5071.N3 no.97-06

Earthworms

1.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
The adaptation value of reproductive strategy and mode in three epigeous earthworm species.
Cluzeau, D.; Fayolle, L.; Hubert, M. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1309-1315. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: dendrobaena; eisenia; species; earthworms; populations; colonization; reproductive-traits; reproduction; generation-interval; fecundity; colonizing-ability; heathland; natality

Abstract: Three resource exploitation modes of crushed household refuse on heathland, are associated with three earthworm colonizer types. The first colonizer type fits with the unstable environments species selection (Dendrobaena rubida tenuis, Eisen, 1874; Eisenia fetida, Savigny, 1826; Eisenia andrei, Bouche, 1972). The mechanisms analysis dealt with the demographic parameters parameters comparison (generation time, fecundity and natality). This analysis is in relation to the reproductive mode (Dendrobaena rubida tenuis parthenogenetic; E. fetida and E. andrei amphigonic). Experimental approach of the anatomy and life history was carried out on D.r. tenuis (by isolation or by group of five individuals). The descendant's demographic profile of the uniparental strain was studied on three generations. E. fetida and E. andrei populations were studied in the same way to have amphigonic reproduction reference models. Life history parameters of mated and unmated D.r. tenuis are similar. E. andrei and E. fetida produce cocoons only after mating. E. andrei showed the capacity to preserve the viability of sperm from the partner for at least 54 weeks after the last insemination. The fecundity is lower for mated worms E. andrei. However, these two groups (D.r. tenuis and Eisenia sp.) have developed two different reproductive strategies, but which give similar capacities of colonization.

2.
NAL Call No.: SH1.A6
Conditions required for the culture of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in activated sludge Growth, reproduction, conversion of sludge into fish and livestock feed.
Aston, R. J.; Milner, A. G. P. T. Aquaculture. Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing. Nov 1981. v. 26 (1/2) p. 155-160. ill.
9 ref.

3.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-W99B
Backyard composting: simple, small-scale methods.
Vance, M.; Vance, G. F. Bull-Wyo-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Laramie, Wyo. : The Service. Oct 1992. (974) 4 p.
Descriptors: composting; yards; organic-wastes; earthworms

4.
NAL Call No.: 280.39-G292
Backyard farmers hooked on fish bait production [Chicklets, flies, beetles, earthworms].
Farmers-Consum-Mark-Bull v.70(27): p.7. ill. (1984 July)

5.
NAL Call No.: 280.39-G292
Backyard farmers hooked on fish bait production [Chicklets, flies, beetles, earthworms].
Farmers-Consum-Mark-Bull v.70(27): p.7. ill. (1984 July)

6.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Bins enter the schools.
Appelhof, M. Biocycle v.35(10): p.66-67. (1994 Oct.)
Descriptors: vermicomposting; earthworms; educational- programs

7.
NAL Call No.: 49.9-H19
Biologial value of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) cake protein in chick.
Koh, T. S.; Oh, C. H. Han'guk-Ch'uksan-Hakhoe-Korean-J-Anim- Sci v.26(4): p.389-395. ill. (1984 July)
Includes 12 references.
Descriptors: digestibility; oligochaeta; feed-cake; protein-utilization; chicks

8.
NAL Call No.: 47.8-W89
Biological conversion of poultry and animal waste to a feed stuff for poultry.
El Boushy, A. R.; Klaassen, G. J.; Ketelaars, E. H. Worlds- Poult-Sci-J v.41(2): p.133-145. (1985 June)
Literature review.
Descriptors: poultry-manure; waste-disposal; biodegradation; musca-domestica; oligochaeta; oxidation; fermentation; algae; poultry-feeding

9.
NAL Call No.: 421-C16
Biology of the predatory fly Coenosia tigrina (Fab.)(Diptera: Anthomyiidae): reproduction, development, and larval feeding on earthworms in the laboratory.
Morris, D. E.; Cloutier, C. Can-Entomol v.119(4): p.381- 393. (1987 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: diptera; biology; development; feeding; reproduction; oligochaeta; quebec

10.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Biotic interactions between soil nematodes and earthworms.
Senapati, B. K. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1441-1444. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; nematoda; earthworms; free- living-nematodes; interactions; biological-activity-in-soil; agricultural-soils; irrigated-soils; field-experimentation; laboratory-methods; comparisons; population-change; population- dynamics; feeding-habits; litter-plant; decomposition; india; fauna-fauna-interactions

Abstract: Biotic interactions between soil nematodes with five earthworms and dead worm tissue have been studied. Simultaneous enhancement of microbivore nematode activity and inhibition of plant parasitic nematodes by earthworm participation indicates the importance of the soil fauna in ecological agriculture through fauna-fauna interactions. Dead worm tissue also stimulated microbivore nematodes. The biocatalytic role of earthworms in soil metabolism is stressed.

11.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Biotic manipulation effects on soil carbohydrates and microbial biomass in a cultivated soil.
Hu, S.; Coleman, D. C.; Hendrix, P. F.; Beare, M. H. Soil- biol-biochem v.27(9): p.1127-1135. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ultisols; soil-types-cultural; soil- organic-matter; cycling; roots; soil-fungi; soil-arthropods; earthworms; carbohydrates; soil-flora; biomass; carbon; nitrogen; microarthropods; soil-organic-matter-dynamics

Abstract: Plant roots, fungi and soil fauna are important soil ecological constituents, which have substantial influences on soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling. Four biotic treatments (root exclusion, earthworm addition, fungicide and insecticide applications) were designed to investigate the influences of plant roots, fungi, microarthropods and earthworms on soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling in the field. Soils under these four treatments and their untreated controls in a 40 year old mixed meadow in the Georgia piedmont were analyzed for total organic C, soil N, microbial biomass C and N, and carbohydrates for 2 years. Root exclusion significantly reduced the concentrations of soil carbohydrates (P < 0.05) as determined by gas chromatography, with only slight differences in total C between the treatments and the controls. Microbial biomass C and N were significantly lower under root exclusion and fungicide treatment than under the control. Root exclusion and inhibition of soil fungi significantly reduced soil N content, suggesting that both roots and fungi contribute to the retention of soil organic N or contribute as a source of N in cultivated soils. Microbial biomass determined in this study was strongly related to total carbohydrates (P < 0.01). Mannose, a sugar mainly of microbial origin, significantly decreased in the surface 5 cm soils under fungicide treatment, while little effects of the arthropod repellant naphthalene were found in any of the measurements. Significant reductions in xylose and glucose but not in mannose after earthworm additions suggested that earthworms accelerated the turnover of plant materials in soils. The results confirmed that the short-term effects of soil biota on SOM dynamics. derived carbohydrates are relatively dominant in the total carbohydrate pool. When combined with information on microbial biomass, soil carbohydrate ratios may be a useful indicator of changes in SOM status as a function of biotic and management regimes in cultivated soils.

12.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Breakdown of plant residues with contrasting chemical compositions under humid tropical conditions: effects of earthworms and millipedes.
Tian, G.; Brussaard, L.; Kang, B. T. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(3): p.277-280. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: tropical-soils; humid-tropics; soil-fauna; diplodia; oligochaeta; biological-activity-in-soil; pruning- trash; maize-stover; rice-straw; decomposition; mineralization; plant-composition; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; lignin; polyphenols; chrysobalanaceae; gliricidia-sepium; leucaena-leucocephala; zea- mays; oryza-sativa; nigeria; spirostreptidae; eudrilus-eugeniae; dactyladenia-barteri

Abstract: The effects of tropical earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) and millipedes (Spirostreptidae) on the breakdown of plant residues [Acioa (presently, Dactyladenia) barteri, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala prunings, maize (Zea mays) stover and rice (Oryza sativa) straw], with contrasting chemical compositions, were studied in the field under humid tropical circumstances. Addition of earthworms significantly increased the breakdown of maize stover. Addition of millipedes significantly increased the breakdown of maize stover and rice straw. Combined addition of earthworms and millipedes generally resulted in greater plant residue breakdown, compared to that of a single group of fauna. During 10 weeks of exposure, earthworms and millipedes, on average, accounted for the breakdown of all plant residues by 10.4 and 28.4%, respectively. Millipedes and earthworms contributed more to the breakdown of plant residues with low quality (high C-to-N ratio, lignin and polyphenol contents) than to the degradation of those with high quality. It is concluded that fauna-enhanced breakdown of plant residues will have different effects on soil nutrient supply, depending on residue quality.

13.
NAL Call No.: TP995.A1I5
By-product recovery of tannery solid wastes as an alternative to sanitary landfilling.
Liu, T. Y.; Regan, R. W. Sr. Proc-Ind-Waste-Conf. Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis Publishers. 1993. v. 47 p. 537-543.
Meeting held on May 11-13, 1992, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Descriptors: tannery-waste; tannery-sludge; byproducts; recovery; vermicomposting; earthworms; lumbricus-rubellus; pennsylvania

14.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Capacity of various organic residues to support adequate earthworm biomass for vermicomposting.
Haimi, J.; Huhta, V. Biol-Fertil-Soil v.2(1): p.23-27. (1986)
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste-disposal; wastes; residues; pine- bark; biomass; composting; oligochaeta; sewage-sludge; worm- casts; finland; eisenia-fetida

15.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The case for temperature control in vermiculture.
Aston, R. J. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 135-143.
Literature review.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; cultural-methods; soil- temperature; waste-treatment

16.
NAL Call No.: QH540.I84
Cellulolytic activity in dung pats in relation to their disappearance rate and earthworm biomass.
Holter, P. ITE-Symp (24): p.72-77. ill. (1988)
In the series analytic : Cotton Strip Assay--An Index of Decomposition in Soils / edited by A.F. Harrison, P.M. Latter and D.W.H. Walton. Symposium held October 1985, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK.
Descriptors: cotton; assays; farmyard-manure; decomposition; cellulose; cellulolytic-microorganisms; oligochaeta

17.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Changes in the composition of sugarcane harvest residues during decomposition as a surface mulch.
Spain, A. V.; Hodgen, M. J. Biol-fertil-soils v.17(3): p.225-231. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sugarcane; harvesting; plant-residues; decomposition; mulches; chemical-composition; change; earthworms; queensland

18.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Chemical changes during vermicomposting (Eisenia fetida) of sheep manure mixed with cotton industrial wastes.
Albanell, E.; Plaixats, J.; Cabrero, T. Biol-Fertil-Soil v.6(3): p.266-269. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-manure; cotton-waste; composting; oligochaeta; soil-fauna

19.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Chemical characterization and nitrogen mineralization potentials of vermicomposts derived from differing organic wastes.
Buchanan, M. A.; Russell, G.; Block, S. D. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 231-239.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; composts; municipal-refuse- disposal; manures; tannery-sludge; households; worm-casts; physico-chemical-properties; california; eisenia-foetida

20.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E29
CO2 production in three earthworm species exposed to terbuthylazine and carbofuran in food.
Brunninger, B.; Viswanathan, R.; Beese, F. Ecotoxicol- environ-saf v.32(1): p.68-72. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: terbuthylazine; carbofuran; toxicity; lumbricus-rubellus; lumbricus-terrestris; eisenia; oral- administration; exposure; duration; carbon- dioxide; gas- production; respiration; nontarget-organisms; eisenia-andrei

21.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Commercial production of (vermi)compost using Lumbricidae under controlled climatic conditions.
Brebels, L.; Beeke, A. Acta-Hortic (172): p.251. ill. (1985 June)
Presented at the International Symposium on the use of Composts as Horticultural Substrates, Ghent/Melle, Belgium, August 27-31, 1984.
Descriptors: composting; oligochaeta; waste- utilization; quality-controls; belgium

22.
NAL Call No.: QP82.A1C6
Observation on the effect of earthworm in the decomposition process in soil under laboratory conditions Octochaetona surensis. Senapati, B. K.; Dash, M. C.; Rana, A. K.; Panda, B. K. T. Comp-Physiol-Ecol. Jodhpur, K.G. Purohit. July 1980. v. 5 (3) p. 140-142.
9 ref.

23.
NAL Call No.: S590.R4
A comparative study of wormcast production by earthworm populations from grassland and woodland sites near Bangalore, India.
Krishnamoorthy, R. V. Rev-Ecol-Biol-Sol v.22(2): p.209- 219. (1985 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; worm-casts; biomass; seasonal-cycles; karnataka; grasslands; woodlands

24.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Comparison of composts produced from identical wastes by "vermistabilization" and conventional composting.
Haimi, J.; Huhta, V. Pedobiologia
v.30(2): p.137-144. (1987)
Includes references.
Descriptors; agricultural-wastes; composts;
composting; oligochaeta; environmental-temperature
eisenia-andrei

25.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E29
Comparison of forest soil microcosm and acute toxicity studies for determining effects of fenitrothion on earthworms.
Addison, J. A.; Holmes, S. B. Ecotoxicol-environ-saf v.30(2): p.127-130. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fenitrothion; toxicity; eisenia-fetida; dendrobaena; sublethal-effects; susceptibility; mortality; burrowing; forest-litter; soil-organic- matter; growth; reproduction; species-differences; dendrobaena-octaedra

26.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E29
Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria for nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using the earthworm Eisenia andrei.
Gestel, C. A. M. v.; Dirven Van Breemen, E. M.; Baerselman, R.; Emans, H. J. B.; Janssen, J. A. M.; Postuma, R.; Vliet, P. J. M. v. Ecotoxicol-Environ-Saf v.23(2): p.206-220. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eisenia; toxicity; tests; cadmium; chromium; paraquat; fentin-chloride; benomyl; phenmedipham; parathion; pentachlorophenol; carbendazim; soil-pollution; sexual-reproduction; pesticide-residues

27.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Comparison of two methods for determining the viability of cocoons produced in earthworm toxicity experiments.
Gestel, C. A. M. v.; Dis, W. A. v.; Breemen, E. M. v.; Sparenburg, P. M. Pedobiologia v.32(5/6): p.367-371. ill. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-fauna; reproductive- ability; toxic-substances; hatching-factors; viability; incubation; cocoon-incubation-methods

28.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.O74
Compost indoors! Worms do the work.
Appelhof, M. Org-Gard v.39(1): p.58-60, 63. (1992 Jan.)
Descriptors: vermicomposting; kitchen-waste; eisenia- fetida; lumbricus-rubellus; earthworms

29.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Vermicomposting for sludge management Earthworms, waste recycling. Compost-Sci-Land-Util.
Emmaus, Pa., J.G. Press. May/June 1980. v. 21 (3) p. 42-43. ill.

30.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
The economic future of the earthworm in recycling (composting).
Franz, M. F. T. Compost-Sci-Land-Util.
Emmaus, Pa., J.G. Press. Nov/Dec 1978. v. 19 (6) p. 23-26. ill.

31.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-c734
Earthworm composting by Esenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus--a growing technology Carmody, F. Emmaus, Pa., J.G. Press. Sept/Oct 1979 v. 20 (5) p. 30-31.

32.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Cultivation of Eisenia fetida using dairy waste sludge cake.
Hatanaka, K.; Ishioka, Y.; Furuichi, E. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 323-329.
Includes 3 references.
Descriptors: dairy-wastes; waste-disposal; sludges; composting; oligochaeta

33.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
The culture and use of Perionyx excavatus as a protein resource in the Philippines.
Guerrero, R. D. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 309-313.
Includes 1 references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; feed-composition-tables; nutritive-value; coturnix-coturnix; rearing-techniques; philippines

34.
NAL Call No.: SH1.A6
The culture of Branchiura sowerbyi (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) using cellulose substrate.
Aston, R. J. Aquaculture v.40(1): p.89-94. ill. (1984 July)
Includes references.

35.
NAL Call No.: SH1.A6
The culture of Branchiura sowerbyi (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) using cellulose substrate.
Aston, R. J. Aquaculture v.40(1): p.89-94. ill. (1984 July)
Includes references.

36.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-F66C
Culture of earthworms for bait or fish food.
Mason, W. T. Jr.; Rottmann, R. W.; Dequine, J. F. Circ-Fla- Coop-Ext-Serv. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service. Mar 1992. (1053) 4 p.
Descriptors: eisenia-fetida; oligochaeta; life-history; vermiculture; eudrilus-eugeniae

37.
NAL Call No.: 26-L53
Decomposition of cassava peel by Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) (Oligochaeta:Eudrilidae).
Mba, C. C. Beitr-Trop-Landwirtsch-Veterinarmed v.22(1): p.41-46. (1984)
Includes 9 references.
Descriptors: cassava-peel; composting; decomposition; oligochaeta

38.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
Decomposition of sewage sludge in drying beds and the potential role of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida.
Mitchell, M. J.; Hornor, S. G.; Abrams, B. I. J-Environ-Qual. Madison, Wis., American Society of Agronomy. July/Sept 1980. v. 9 (3) p. 373-378. ill.
40 ref.

39.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Decomposition of willow-leaf litter in a short-rotation forest in relation to fungal colonization and palatability for earthworms.
Slapokas, T.; Granhall, U. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.10(4): p.241-248. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: salix-daphnoides; salix-fragilis; salix- viminalis; decomposition; earthworms; forest-litter; leaves; soil-fauna; soil-fungi; sweden

40.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
A defined medium for the study of growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta).
Bouwman, H.; Reinecke, A. J. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.10(4): p.285-289. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eisenia-fetida; feed-additives; feed- requirements; growth; reproduction; vermiculite

41.
NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Degradation of turfgrass thatch by earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) and other soil invertebrates.
Potter, D. A.; Powell, A. J.; Smith, M. S. J-Econ- Entomol v.83(1): p.205-211. ill. (1990 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; poa-pratensis; thatch; decomposition; degradation; invertebrates; oligochaeta; soil- biology; kentucky

Abstract: The importance of earthworms and other soil invertebrates in decomposition of thatch was studied in Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., turf. Intact thatch was buried in nylon bags of different mesh sizes to selectively exclude certain components of the soil fauna. In a second experiment, thatch was buried in identical coarse mesh bags in either untreated plots or in plots from which earthworms had been eliminated with insecticides. Samples were recovered periodically for 23 mo, and net loss of organic matter was determined gravimetrically. Earthworms, mainly Aporrectodea spp. (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), incorporated large amounts of mineral soil into the thatch matrix. In both experiments, rates of net loss of organic matter and of relative microbial respiration within remaining thatch were much greater when earthworms were present than when worms were excluded. Soil mesofauna (e.g., Cryptostigmata, Collembola) were less important than earthworms in the initial comminution of thatch. Preservation of earthworm populations should be an important consideration in controlling thatch accumulation.

42.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.N3
Designs aspects of vermicomposting of wastewater sludges Using earthworms for composting.
Pincince, A. B.; Donovan, J. F.; Bates, J. E. Proc-Natl-Conf- Munic-Ind-Sludge-Compost-Oper-Des-Mark-Health-Issue. Silver Spring, Md., Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute. 1980. p. 83-87.

43.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Dietary cobalt supplements and the growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia foetida.
Neuhauser, E. F.; Meyer, J. A.; Malecki, M. R.; Thomas, J. M. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.16(5): p.521-523. ill. (1984)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; feed-supplements; cobalt; growth; reproduction; soil-fauna

44.
NAL Call No.: RA1270.P35A1
Differences in toxicity of the insecticide chlorpyrifos to six species of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in standardized soil tests.
Ma, W. C.; Bodt, J. Bull-Environ-Contam-Toxicol v.50(6): p.864-870. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chlorpyrifos; earthworms; lumbricidae; reproduction; mortality; toxicity; species-differences; body- weight; susceptibility; ecotoxicity

45.
NAL Call No.: QH540.S7
The direct effects of earthworms on nitrogen turnover in cultivated soils.
Christensen, O. Ecol-Bull. Copenhagen K : Munksgaard International Booksellers and Publishers. 1988. v. 39 p. 41- 44.
In the series analytic: Ecological implications of contemporary agriculture / edited by H. Eijsackers and A. Quispel. Proceedings of a Symposium held Sept 7-12, 1986, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; nitrogen-mineralization; seasonal-variation; decomposition

46.
NAL Call No.: TP995.A1I5
Disposal of oily wastes by land treatment.
Loehr, R. C.; Martin, J. H. Jr.; Neuhauser, E. F. Proc-Ind- Waste-Conf-Purdue-Univ (38th): p.1-11. ill. (1983)
Includes 8 references.
Descriptors: waste-disposal; application-to-land; soil- pollution; industrial-wastes; oligochaeta; old-fields; conservation-areas; soil-analysis; new-york

47.
NAL Call No.: 286.8-N488
Doing groundwork for healthy plants.
Fairman, A. N-Y-Times. [New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co.]. Feb 17, 1991. p. 20.
Descriptors: gardening; soil-management; composts; fertilizers; earthworms

48.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Domestic vermicomposting systems.
Appelhof, M. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 157-161.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; kitchen-waste; waste- treatment; composting; questionnaires; cultural-methods; drosophila; problem-analysis; usa

49.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-Ar4Mi-no.278
Earthworm biology and production.[Little Rock] : Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas, U.S. Department of Agriculture and County Government cooperating, 1987. 8 p. : ill., Cover title.

50.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-F66C
Earthworm biology and production.
Martin, J. P.; Black, J. H.; Hawthorne, R. M. Circ-Fla-Coop- Ext-Serv. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service. 1981. (455) 8 p. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-biology; soil-fertility; angling; baits; florida

51.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E37
Earthworm buyer's guide.
Shields Publications (Firm). Elgin, Ill. : Shields Publications, v. : ill.
Description based on: 1976-77.
Descriptors: Earthworms-Directories; Earthworm-culture- Directories

52.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52
Earthworm communities along a gradient of urbanization.
Pizl, V.; Josens, G. Environ-pollut v.90(1): p.7-14. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: earthworms; population-density; biomass- production; cadmium; magnesium; lead; copper; zinc; concentration; soil-pollution; urban- areas; belgium

53.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture.
Satchell, J. E. London ; New York : Chapman and Hall, 1983. xvii, 495 p. : ill., Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Descriptors: Opisthopora-Ecology; Earthworm-culture

54.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-SO3
Earthworm effects on corn residue breakdown and infiltration.
Zachmann, J. E.; Linden, D. R. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-J v.53(6): p.1846-1849. (1989 Nov.-1989 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; worm-casts; earthworm- channels; zea-mays; crop-residues; surface-layers; biological- activity-in-soil; infiltration

Abstract: Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister) activity in the field has been implicated in increased rates of residue turnover, surface soil stabilization, and increased infiltration rates due to macroporous flow. A growth-chamber study was conducted to evaluate some of the field variables associated with L. rubellus activity and tillage systems. Polyethylene buckets packed with sieved soil had either surface- applied, incorporated, or no corn (Zea mays L.) residue, each with or without worms. Treatments were subjected to diurnal temperature and light sequences, and periodic additions of water were made over 60 d to maintain near-optimum moisture conditions. Corn was grown in the cultures for an additional 30 d and was harvested before a small amount of concentrated Br solution was sprayed on the soil surface. Cultures were than subjected to simulated rainfall. Corn residue in the surface-residue treatment with worms degraded 30% faster than in the no-worm control. Plant growth and N content were not affected by the presence of worms. Burrows and casts formed under surface residue were greater in number and stability than in other worm/residue combinations. The surface-residue treatment with worms reduced runoff and caused incoming water to bypass the surface soil matrix, moving small quantities Br to significantly greater depths than in other treatments. Depth of peak Br concentration was greater in no-residue treatments than in surface-residue/worm or incorporated-residue/worm or no-worm treatments, indicating a substantial difference in the displacement of surface-applied Br during rainfall. L. rubellus may alter the water balance of field soils while simultaneously hastening decomposition of the residue mat.

55.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa) effects on carbon flux in soil.
Zhang, Q. L.; Hendrix, P. F. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America. May/June 1995. v. 59 (3) p. 816-823.
Includes references.
Descriptors: lumbricus-rubellus; aporrectodea- caliginosa; soil-flora; interactions; biological-activity-in- soil; litter-plant; soil-organic-matter; decomposition; carbon; mineralization; immobilization; movement-in-soil; carbon-cycle; epigeic-earthworms; endogeic-earthworms

Abstract: Effects of earthworm activities on litter and soil C flux were studied in a laboratory incubation experiment using two types of isotopic tracers and two earthworms with different ecological strategies-Lumbricus rubellus, an epigeic species, and Aporrectodea caliginosa, an endogeic species. The soil was prelabeled with 14C. Dry sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] leaves labeled with 13C were applied to the soil surface. Activity of both earthworm species significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced total C efflux (479 +/- 8 [standard error], 483 +/- 4, and 395 +/- 5 mg C jar(-1) for L. rubellus, A. caliginosa, and the control, respectively) and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced total surface soil microbial biomass (251.7, 205.2, and 312.1 mg C kg(-1) soil for L. rubellus, A. caliginosa, and the control, respectively) during the 30-d incubation. Activity of A. caliginosa also reduced subsurface soil microbial biomass. The epigeic earthworms assimilated significantly more 13C from the litter and significantly less 14C from the soil than the endogeic species. In the absence of earthworms, 14C in the soil was translocated into the surface liner, as shown by a 15.5-fold increase in 14C enrichment in the surface litter by the end of the experiment. This translocation of soil C into the litter was significantly reduced by earthworm activities (155.43, 121.11, and 240.58 kBq kg(-1) litter for L. rubellus, A. caliginosa, and the control, respectively), possibly due to disruption by earthworms of fungal-hyphal connections between litter and soil. These interactions between earthworms and soil microbial processes have important implications for soil C turnover.

56.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
The earthworm population of a winter cereal field and its effects on soil and nitrogen turnover.
Curry, J. P.; Byrne, D.; Boyle, K. E. Biol-fertil-soils v.19(2/3): p.166-172. (1995 Feb.)
Special Issue: Microbial and faunal biomass in soils. 1.
Descriptors: earthworms; population-density; nitrogen- cycle; biomass-production; worm-casts; tillage; rotations; cattle-slurry; arable-land; biological- activity-in-soil; northern-ireland

Abstract: The earthworm population in a winter cereal field in Ireland was studied over a 3-year-period and its effects on soil and N turnover were assessed. The mean annual population density was 346-471 individuals m-2 and the mean biomass was 56.9-61.2 g m-2. Twelve species were recorded, the most abundant being Allolobophora chlorotica followed by Aporrectodea caliginosa. Relative cast production (mg dry soil egested g-1 fresh mass day-1) in the laboratory ranged from 362 mg at 5 degrees C to 2353 mg at 15 degrees C in the case of Aporrectodea caliginosa, and 242 mg at 5 degrees C to 713 mg at 10 degrees C in the case of juvenile Lumbricus terrestris. Gut contents (dry mass of soil) comprised 6.7-15.5% of the A. caliginosa live mass, and 9.7-14.7% of the Lumbricus terrestris mass. Annual soil egestion by the field population was estimated as 18-22 kg m-2. Tissue production ranged from 81.7 to 218.5 g m-2, while N turnover resulting from mortality was calculated as 1.5-3.9 g m-2 depending on the year and the method of calculation. Earthworms were estimated to contribute an additional 3.4-4.1 g mineral N to the soil through excretion, mucus production, and soil ingestion. Independent estimates of N output via mucus and excretion derived from 15N laboratory studies with Lumbricus terrestris were 2.9- 3.6 g m-2 year-1.

57.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Earthworm production and role in the nitrogen cycle of a no-tillage agroecosystem on the Georgia piedmont.
Parmelee, R. W.; Crossley, D. A. Jr. Pedobiologia v.32(5/6): p.355-361. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; agricultural-soils; soil- fauna; no-tillage-systems; nitrogen-cycle; soil-temperature; growth-rate; seasonal-fluctuations; georgia

58.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3G99--1994
Earthworms : a full circle.
Guy, C. Heathcote, Vic., Australia : C. Guy, [1994] 56 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., "February 1994"--T.p. verso.
Descriptors: Earthworm-culture; Earthworms; Earthworm- culture-Economic-aspects

59.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Earthworms and enchytraeids in conventional and no- tillage agroecosystems: a biocide approach to assess their role in organic matter breakdown.
Parmelee, R. W.; Beare, M. H.; Cheng, W.; Hendrix, P. F.; Rider, S. J.; Crossley, D. A. Jr.; Coleman, D. C. Biol-Fertil- Soils v.10(1): p.1-10. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: earthworms; enchytraeidae; ecosystems; organic-matter; soil-biology; tillage; biocides; biomass; carbofuran; decomposition; georgia

60.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.S6315-1994
Earthworms and other fauna in the soil.
Berry, E. C. Soil biology effects on soil quality /. Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers, c1994.. p. 61-90.
Includes references.
Descriptors: earthworms; soil-arthropods; animal- burrows; habitats; population-density; soil-properties; residues; decomposition; research-needs

61.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Earthworms as a source of food and drugs.
Sabine, J. R. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 285-296.
Literature review.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; feed-evaluation; nutritive- value; broilers; livestock

62.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Earthworms as animal feed: an overview.
Sabine, J. R. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 165-167.
Literature review.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; feeds; diet-studies; animal- feeding; fish-feeding; protein-concentrates

63.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6M87-1993
Earthworms in Australia : a blueprint for a better environment.
Murphy, D. 1. South Melbourne, Vic. : Hyland House, 1993. 112 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-110) and index.
Descriptors: Earthworms-Australia-Ecology; Earthworm- culture-Australia; Soil-biology

64.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Earthworms in waste and environmental management.
Edwards, C. A. C. A. 1.; Neuhauser, E. F. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. viii, 391 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Earthworms-Control-Environmental-aspects; Earthworm-culture; Pollution; Animal-waste; Soil-biology

65.
NAL Call No.: 464.8-SP2
Earthworms, organic waste and food [Breakdown of waste into plant food, worms as animal feed protein additive].
Edwards, C. A. Span-Prog-Agric. Foston : J.G.R. Stevens. 1983. v. 26 (3) p. 106-108. ill.

66.
NAL Call No.: 464.8-SP2
Earthworms, organic waste and food [Breakdown of waste into plant food, worms as animal feed protein additive].
Edwards, C. A. Span-Prog-Agric. Foston : J.G.R. Stevens. 1983. v. 26 (3) p. 106-108. ill.

67.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3B76--1994
Earthworms unlimited : backyard earthworm breeding.
Brown, A. Dural Delivery Centre, NSW : Kangaroo Press, c1994. 80 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78) and index.
Descriptors: Earthworm-culture; Earthworms

68.
NAL Call No.: S661.C65
The economic feasibility of earthworm culture on animal wastes.
Fieldson, R. S. Composting of agricultural and other wastes / edited by J.K.R. Gasser. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, c1985. p. 243-254. ill.
Includes 14 references.
Descriptors: animal-manures; pig-slurry; waste- disposal; application-to-land; composting; microbiology; oligochaeta; feeds-of-animal-origin; england

69.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The economic viability of earthworm culture on animal wastes.
Fieldson, R. S. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 145-156.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; production-possibilities; econometrics; market-research; waste-treatment; animal-wastes; united-kingdom

70.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Ecotoxicological effects of malathion on earthworms.
Senapati, B. K.; Biswal, J.; Pani, S. C.; Sahu, S. K. Soil- Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1719-1722. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: drawida; earthworms; malathion; application-rates; toxicity; rice-soils; population-dynamics; reproduction; mortality; biological- production; biomass; metabolism; energy-consumption; drawida-willsi; sublethal- toxicity; secondary-production

Abstract: Quantification of sublethal toxicity of malathion in different agricultural doses has been studied on a dominant rice field earthworm Drawida willsi, Michaelsen, on the basis of population biology, secondary production and energy utilization strategies. Sublethal stress effects of zero, 2.2 microgram g-1 (single agricultural dose) and 8.8 microgram g-1 (tetra agricultural dose) malathion have been compared and their impacts on population biology, bioproductivity, metabolism and ecoenergetics have been discussed. Use of higher agricultural dose (>2.2 microgram g-1) and public health dose (17.6 microgram g-1) might severely affect earthworm population and activity.

71.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Effect of diet on cast production by the megascolecid earthworm Amynthas alexandri in laboratory culture.
Kaushal, B. R.; Bisht, S. P. S.; Kalia, S. Biol-fertil- soils v.17(1): p.14-17. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: megascolecidae; earthworms; diet; food- consumption; worm-casts; biomass; physicochemical-properties

72.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of diet on the feeding and casting activity of Lumbricus terrestris and Lumbricus rubellus in laboratory culture.
Shipitalo, M. J.; Protz, R.; Tomlin, A. D. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.20(2): p.233-237. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; species; laboratory-tests; activity; worm-casts; biomass-accumulation; feeding; diet; food- consumption; food-quality; correlation; cropping-systems; simulation; lumbricus-terrestris; lumbricus-rubellus

73.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Effect of earthworms on the disappearance rate of cattle droppings.
Holter, P. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 49- 57.
Includes 13 references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; decomposition; cattle-manure; denmark

74.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of introducing earthworms into horticultural land previously denuded of earthworms.
Springett, J. A.; Gray, R. A. J.; Reid, J. B. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.24(12): p.1615-1622. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: lumbricidae; introduced-species; establishment; survival; population-density; horticultural-soils; raised-beds; cultivation; cropping- systems; biological-activity- in-soil; decomposition; soil-physical-properties

Abstract: An intensive vegetable growing area with no resident earthworms has received, since 1984, three cultivation treatments, involving varying degrees of disturbance, and two cropping regimes, a summer and winter crop with a winter ryegrass cover crop. Five species of Lumbricidae were introduced to part of each treatment in 1986 to assess the effect of cultivation treatments on earthworm establishment and survival, and the effect of earthworms on some soil characteristics. The experiment was designed so the effects of earthworms could be interpreted against the background of periodic changes in soil characteristics caused by cultivation, crop species and weather. Earthworm population density (numbers m-2) and activity (casts m- 2) decreased with increasing intensity of cultivation. Cellulose decomposition rates were increased up to 30% by the presence of earthworms, although cultivation per se had no apparent effect. By contrast, cultivation substantially reduced soil strength (measured by impact penetrometer) while earthworm introduction had no significant effect. Similarly, saturated hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil (measured in situ) appeared unaffected by earthworms. However, infiltration and air- permeability measurements indicated that earthworms had improved the structure of the bulk soil matrix.

75.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
The effect of metals on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae).
Malecki, M. R.; Neuhauser, E. F.; Loehr, R. C. Pedobiologia v.24(3): p.129-137. ill. (1982)
1 p. ref.

76.
NAL Call No.: QH540.H6
The effect of microhabitats on the leaf litter decomposition and on the distribution of soil animals.
Szlavecz, K. Holarctic-Ecol v.8(1): p.33-38. (1985 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: quercus; carpinus; earthworm-channels; microhabitats; forest-litter; decomposition; soil-fauna; population-distribution; population- density; hungary; forests

77.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of pH and calcium of soil on earthworm cast production in the laboratory [Allolobophora caliginosa].
Springett, J. A.; Syers, J. K. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.16(2): p.185-189. (1984)
Includes references.

78.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of pH and calcium of soil on earthworm cast production in the laboratory [Allolobophora caliginosa].
Springett, J. A.; Syers, J. K. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.16(2): p.185-189. (1984)
Includes references.

79.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of repeated low doses of biocides on the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa in laboratory culture.
Springett, J. A.; Gray, R. A. J. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1739-1744. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: aporrectodea-caliginosa; captan; glyphosate; azinphos-methyl; pesticide-mixtures; dosage-effects; growth-rate; toxicity

Abstract: The growth rates of Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) were measured over a 100-day period in soil in culture chambers which were treated with common biocides singly and in combination. The biocides used were: the fungicide Captan, the herbicide, Glyphosate and the insecticide, Azinphos-methyl. The biocides were applied at intervals of 14 days and each treatment was replicated six times. The results arc variable, all biocides depressed growth when applied alone but some combinations reduced the effect of other biocides. Azinphos-methyl and Glyphosate applied alone, reduced growth the most over the 100 days and at all rates of application. Azinphos-methyl applied at the highest rate killed worms. Captan applied alone had the least effect on growth and mortality. In combination, Glyphosate and Captan had a lesser effect than Glyphosate alone. Azinphos-methyl and Captan had less effect than Azinphos-methyl alone. After 100 days the combination of all three biocides reduced growth to the same degree as Glyphosate alone.

80.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Effect of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, on sulfur speciation and decomposition in sewage sludge.
Waugh, J. H.; Mitchell, M. J. Pedobiologia. Jena, Gustav Fischer. 1981. v. 22 (4) p. 268-275. ill.
Includes 3 p. ref.

81.
NAL Call No.: SD13.C35
Effects and importance of indigenous earthworms on decomposition and nutrient cycling in coastal forest ecosystems.
Spiers, G. A.; Gagnon, D.; Nason, G. E.; Packee, E. C.; Lousier, J. D. Can-J-For-Res-J-Can-Rech-For v.16(5): p.983-989. ill., maps. (1986 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: tsuga-heterophylla; abies-amabilis; thuja- plicata; pseudotsuga-menziesii; forest-litter; oligochaeta; decomposition; nutrient-cycles; mor; arctiostrotus

82.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52
Effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zine on growth, reproduction and survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny): assessing the environmental impact of point-source metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems.
Spurgeon, D. J.; Hopkin, S. P.; Jones, D. T. Environ- pollut v.84(2): p.123-130. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eisenia-fetida; polluted-soils; heavy- metals; cadmium; copper; lead; zinc; growth; reproduction; survival; mortality; environmental- impact; nontarget-effects; adverse-effects; cocoons; viability; nontarget-organisms; cocoon- production

83.
NAL Call No.: RA1270.P35A1
Effects of carbofuran on the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, using a defined medium.
Bouwman, H.; Reinecke, A. J. Bull-Environ-Contam-Toxicol v.38(1): p.171-178. (1987 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: carbofuran; oligochaeta; culture-media

84.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
The effects of cattle and pig slurry fertilizers on earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in grassland managed for silage production.
Cotton, D. C. F.; Curry, J. P. Pedobiologia. Jena, Gustav Fischer. 1980. v. 20 (3) p. 181-188. ill.
24 ref.

85.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E29
Effects of coal gasification slag as a substrate for the plant Cyperus esculentus and the worm Eisenia fetida.
Jenner, H. A.; Janssen Mommen, J. P. M.; Koeman, J. H. Ecotoxicol-Environ-Saf v.24(1): p.46-57. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cyperus-esculentus; eisenia-fetida; slags; fly-ash; coal; soil; npk-fertilizers; pollutants; arsenic; boron; chromium; copper; molybdenum; nickel; lead; antimony; selenium; zinc; bioavailability; ph; ion-uptake; animal-tissues; plant- tissues; biomass-production; growth; mortality; inhibition

86.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Effects of earthworms on decomposition processes in raw humus forest soil: a microcosm study.
Haimi, J.; Huhta, V. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.10(3): p.178- 183. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-soils; humus; carbon; cycling; decomposition; dendrobaena; lumbricus-rubellus; losses-from-soil- systems; nutrients; soil- properties; finland; dendrobaena- octaedra; microcosm

87.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Effects of endogeic earthworms on soil processes and plant growth in coniferous forest soil.
Haimi, J.; Einbork, M. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.13(1): p.6- 10. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-soils; aporrectodea-caliginosa; cycling; decomposition; growth; pot-experimentation; seedlings; betula-pendula; finland

88.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effects of grassland afforestation with different tree species on earthworm communities, litter decomposition and nutrient status.
Muys, B.; Lust, N.; Granval, P. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1459-1466. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: earthworms; community-ecology; forest- plantations; meadows; afforestation; species-differences; forest- litter; decomposition; humus; cycling; belgium

Abstract: The ecological effects of grassland afforestation have been investigated in a comparative study between different tree species on a sandy- loam substrate. After 20 yr of forest, the earthworm communities and litter decomposition rates differed considerably, depending on the quality and quantity of the litter functions produced. Under Quercus palustris, earthworm biomass diminished, and litter accumulation and soil acidification had begun. The results have practical consequences for the choice of tree species in new forest plantations.

89.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Effects of intensity of agronomic practices on a soil ecosystem.
Weil, R. R.; Lowell, K. A.; Shade, H. M. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1993. v. 8 (1) p. 5-14.
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-biology; ecosystems; soil-organic- matter; cropping-systems; sustainability; organic-farming; tillage; nitrogen-fertilizers; cycling; earthworms

Abstract: Monitoring soil biological activity may provide useful information in assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems. From 1985 to 1992, we compared five cropping systems in southern Maryland. Four of the systems involved the production of wheat, soybean, or corn, but differed in intensity of tillage, herbicide use, crop biomass removal, and N fertilizer application. The fifth system was continuous grass. The objective was to assess how these cropping systems affected selected indicators of soil biological activity and nutrient cycling. From Fall, 1990 through Fall 1991 the upper layers (0-5 or 0-15 cm) of soil were studied to assess C and N contents, selected physical properties, extractable organic C, microbial respiration, decomposition of plant tissue, N mineralization, and earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations. On a dry weight basis total and labile C were significantly higher under grass and lower under conventionally tilled (CT) continuous corn than in the other three systems. In fall, there were significantly fewer earthworms (10.4 m-2) under the reduced input rotation than in any other system, and fewer under CT continuous corn than in the organic (corn-wheat-green manure) rotation or grass. In general, the rates of CO2 evolution were 30 to 35% lower in fall (11.5 to 22.5 kg C ha-1 d-1) than in spring (17.3 to 33.7 kg C ha-1 d-1). During both seasons grass had approximately twice as much soil metabolic activity as CT continuous corn. The absence of tillage clearly was important in increasing N mineralization capacity, since the two untilled systems had comparable rates of N release that were significantly greater than those for the other systems. Among the tilled systems, mineral N after laboratory incubation decreased with increasing frequency and intensity of tillage in the. enhanced in the systems that minimized tillage. The results underscored the value of grass for soil improvement.

90.
NAL Call No.: QH344.D4
Effects of management on soil decomposers and decomposition processes in grassland.
Curry, J. P. Dev-Biogeochem. Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff/W. Junk. 1986. v. 3 p. 349-398. ill.
Literature review.
Descriptors: grasslands; grassland-soils; decomposition; oligochaeta; grazing; management; soil-biology; soil-management

91.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Effects of Mesenchytraeus glandulosus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) on decomposition processes.
Wolters, V. Pedobiologia v.32(5/6): p.387-398. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-fauna; forest-litter; organic-matter-in-soil; decomposition; mineralization; soil- fungi; microbial-activities; lime-mineral; population-density; german-federal-republic

92.
NAL Call No.: SH1.A6
The effects of temperature on the culture of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) on activated sludge as a food source.
Aston, R. J.; Sadler, K.; Milner, A. G. P. Aquaculture. Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing. Aug 1982. v. 29 (1/2) p. 137-145.
10 ref.

93.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Effects of various organic wastes alone and with earthworms on the total dry matter yield of wheat and maize.
Sharma, N.; Madan, M. Biol-Wastes v.25(1): p.33-40. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-wastes; waste-utilization; organic-matter-in-soil; biodegradation; soil-fauna; oligochaeta; soil-fertility; plant-production; triticum-aestivum; zea-mays; yield-factors; india

94.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Engineering problems in the breakdown of animal wastes by earthworms.
Phillips, V. R. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 111-118. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; composts; worm-casts; waste- treatment; agricultural-engineering; flow-charts; agricultural- wastes; on-farm-processing; united-kingdom

95.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Experimental microcosm study of the role of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) on nitrogen dynamics in cultivated soils.
Binet, F.; Trehen, P. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1501-1506. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: lumbricus-terrestris; earthworms; nitrogen-cycle; soil-organic-matter; decomposition; litter-plant; ingestion; nitrogen; release

Abstract: A laboratory experiment using microcosms was carried out to assess the influence of earthworms on the dynamics of nitrogen derived from organic matter applications in cultivated soils. The study was performed with the anecic Lumbricus terrestris fed on 15N-labelled litter (N ) of rye-grass for 85 days. The gross consumption of rye-grass litter by L. terrestris was estimated to be 13 mg d.m. g-1 f.m. day-1, while, when the mass loss from litter in the microcosms without worms was deducted, the net consumption was only of 2.4 mg d.w. g-1 f.m. day-1 of earthworms. The total 15N released from the litter into the soil was 3 times larger in microcosms with, than without, worms (0.63 mg day-1 vs 0.20 mg day-1, respectively). This gives a daily output flux of 0.13 mg N g-1 live worm day-1. The rate of incorporation of 15N-labelled litter into the earthworm was estimated to be 0.14 mg N per live worm day-1, which indicates a nitrogen renewal of 10% in the earthworm biomass in 85 days. The whole N input from earthworm, into the soil reached to 76 micrograms g-1 day-1 f.m., 28% of this was due to N excretion (21 micrograms N g-1 f.m. day-1).

96.
NAL Call No.: 450-AM35
An experimental study on the effects of earthworms on the ecological success of fern gametophytes.
Hamilton, R. G.; Lloyd, R. M. Am-Fern-J v.81(3): p.95- 99. (1991 July-1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: athyrium; habitats; spore-germination; earthworms; ohio; gametophyte-establishment; gametophyte- reproduction; athyrium-thelypteriodes

97.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Faecal microbiology of Octolasion tyrtaeum, Aporrectodea turgida and Lumbricus terrestris and its relation to the carbon budgets of three artificial soils.
Shaw, C.; Pawluk, S. Pedobiologia v.29(6): p.377-389. ill. (1986)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-fauna; oligochaeta; feces; microbiology; decomposition; carbon; nitrogen-cycle; soil- texture; alberta

98.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-P34AE
Feeding habits of the earthworm Eisenia nordenskioldi (Eisen, Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in forest-steppe oak forests and its participation in the destruction processes.
Striganova, B. R.; Kudryasheva, I. V.; Tiunov, A. V. Sov- Soil-Sci v.19(2): p.31-37. (1987 Mar.-1987 Apr.)
Translated from: Pochvovedenie, (12), 1986, p. 72-77. (57.8 P34).
Descriptors: forest-steppes; oligochaeta; feeding- habits; plant-residues; decomposition; dark-gray-soils; quercus

99.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Growth and cocoon production by the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa in soil mixed with various plant materials.
Bostrom, U. Pedobiologia v.32(1/2): p.77-80. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; population-dynamics; soil- mesofauna; reproductive-performance; soil-amendments; plant- residues; alfalfa; barley; festuca- pratensis

100.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Growth and cocoon production of Drawidia nepalensis (Oligochaeta).
Kaushal, B. R.; Bisht, S. P. S. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.14(3): p.205-212. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: drawida; cocoons; earthworms; growth; incubation; laboratory-rearing; nutrition; vermicomposting; cattle-manure; horse-manure; soil-water

101.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Growth and cocoon production of Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta).
Reinecke, A. J.; Hallatt, L. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.8(4): p.303-306. (1989)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; biological-activity-in-soil; growth; life-cycles; cattle-manure; composting

102.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to sublethal concentrations of organic chemicals.
Neuhauser, E. F.; Callahan, C. A. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.22(2): p.175-179. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; organic-compounds; carbaryl; dieldrin; pollutants; growth; reproduction; soil-contamination

103.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Growth of earthworms (Allolobophora caliginosa) in soil mixed with either barley, lucerne or meadow fescue at various stages of decomposition.
Bostrom, U. Pedobiologia v.30(5): p.311-321. (1987)
Includes references.
Descriptors: allobophora; hordeum-distichum; medicago- sativa; festuca-pratensis; decomposition; biological-activity-in- soil

104.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Growth, reproduction and litter and soil consumption by Lumbricus terrestris L. in reclaimed peat [Earthworms, Ireland].
Curry, J. P.; Bolger, T. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.16(3): p.253-257. ill. (1984)
Includes references.
Descriptors: Ireland

105.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Growth, reproduction and litter and soil consumption by Lumbricus terrestris L. in reclaimed peat [Earthworms, Ireland].
Curry, J. P.; Bolger, T. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.16(3): p.253-257. ill. (1984)
Includes references.
Descriptors: Ireland

106.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Gut load, transit time, gut microflora and turnover of soil, plant and fungal material by some tropical earthworms.
Dash, H. K.; Beura, B. N.; Dash, M. C. Pedobiologia v.29(1): p.13-20. (1986)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-pore-system; ecosystems; digestive-tract; decomposition; soil-fungi; vegetation; tropics

107.
NAL Call No.: QH301.B52
A hierarchical model for decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: application to soils of the humid tropics.
Lavelle, P.; Blanchart, E.; Martin, A.; Martin, S.; Spain, A.; Toutain, F.; Barois, I.; Schaefer, R. Biotropica v.25(2): p.130-150. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: litter-plant; rhizosphere; root-systems; decomposition; diversity; earthworms; ecosystems; isoptera; microorganisms; mutualism; soil-arthropods; savanna-soils; soil- biology; tropical-rain-forests; forest-soils; nutrients; literature-reviews; models

108.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Historical overview of vermicomposting.
Edwards, C. A. Biocycle v.36(6): p.56-58. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vermicomposting; organic-wastes; waste- utilization; earthworms

109.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Impact of earthworms on decomposition of garden refuse.
Engelstad, F. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.12(2): p.137-140. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grass-clippings; leaves; litter-plant; biomass; decomposition; eisenia; lumbricus-rubellus; soil- properties; waste-disposal; norway; eisenia-andrei

110.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
An improved mechanical separator for removing live worms from worm-worked organic wastes.
Price, J. S.; Phillips, V. R. Biol-Wastes v.33(1): p.25- 37. ill. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-compounds; wastes; composting; treatment; oligochaeta; separators

111.
NAL Call No.: 58.9-IN7
Influence of cultivation system on earthworm populations.
Allen, H. P. Agric-Eng v.45(1): p.26-27. (1990 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: tillage; systems; direct-sowing; density; pore-volume; aeration; earthworms; populations

112.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Influence of dieldrin on the reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta).
Reinecke, A. J.; Venter, J. M. Biol-Fertil-Soil v.1(1): p.39-44. (1985)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; reproduction; dieldrin; soil- pollution

113.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J823
The influence of earthworms and cranefly larvae on the decomposition of uniformly 14C labelled plant material in soil.
Cheshire, M. V.; Griffiths, B. S. J-Soil-Sci v.40(1): p.117-124. (1989 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: litter-plant; biodegradation; decomposition; soil-mesofauna; oligochaeta; tipula-paludosa; larvae; carbon; radioactive-tracers; incubation-duration; allolobophora-caliginosa; lumbricus-rubellus

114.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Influence of earthworms and leaf litter on edaphic variables in sewage-sludge-treated soil microcosms.
Hamilton, W. E.; Dindal, D. L. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.7(2): p.129-133. (1989)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; litter-plant; sewage-sludge; soil-structure; waste-treatment; acer-saccharum; decomposition; leaves; soil-properties; eisenia-fetida; lumbricus-terrestris

115.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Influence of earthworms on fertility of high altitude desert soil in Tajikistan.
Temirov, T.; Valiakhmedov, B. Pedobiologia v.32(5/6): p.293-300. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; oligochaeta; desert- soils; soil-fertility; aggregates; manures; decomposition; population-density; crop-yield; high- altitude; tajik-ssr; humification

116.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
The influence of feeding patterns on growth and reproduction of the vermicomposting earthworm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta).
Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen, S. A. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.10(3): p.184-187. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eisenia-fetida; earthworms; feeding- behavior; food-supply; growth; maturation; reproduction

117.
NAL Call No.: S590.R4
The influence of moisture on the growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta).
Reinecke, A. J.; Venter, J. M. Rev-Ecol-Biol-Sol v.22(4): p.473-481. (1985 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; moisture; laboratory-rearing

118.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Influence of population densities on growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia andrei on pig manure.
Reeh, U. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1327-1331. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: eisenia; earthworms; population-density; pig-manure; ingestion; growth; size; biomass; reproduction; intraspecific-competition; population-dynamics

Abstract: The development of groups of 3, 6 or 12 individuals of the earthworm Eisenia andrei fed with fresh solid pig manure was studied in 1 litre vol. The resulting populations were described in numbers and biomasses by cocoon production, different size classes and fertility stage during a period of 230 days. The total number of clitellate worms and cocoon production reached their summit after ca 175 days, with worms from the F1 generation becoming clitellate for a period of <60 days, which is a very short period compared to a clitellate period of at least 150 days for the parental generation. Cocoon production and net recruitment had nearly ceased at the end of the period. The group of 12 individuals initially showed a more restrained development than the smaller groups as the F1 generation peak was much more pronounced than the F2 generation peak was. The growth of the total number of worms in the largest group was evolving lineary, while the less dense groups were growing more unrestrained, sigmoidally. All of the monitored groups of worms in the limited volume seemed to approach a high constant density with a homogeneous population composed of nonfertile worms > 100 mg, originating from both smaller slow-growing worms and degenerating clitellate worms. The relative growth was related to time in an exponential decreasing way and the conversion ratio was decreasing from 10 to 4% during the growth period. At the peak of the first generation the worms were ingesting about their own weight every day, but soon they were only ingesting their own weight once every week.

119.
NAL Call No.: QL110.J62
Influence of soil temperature and moisture on the reproductive activity of tropical pasture earthworms of Orissa.
Senapati, B. K.; Dash, M. C. J-Soil-Biol-Ecol. Bangalore : Indian Society of Soil Biology and Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Univ of Agric Sci. Mar 1984. v. 4 (1) p. 13-21.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; reproductive-performance; responses-to-environment; soil-moisture; soil-temperature; climatic-factors; ecosystems; orissa

120.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
The influence of temperature on the life-cycle of Dendrobaena veneta (Oligochaeta).
Viljoen, S. A.; Reinecke, A. J.; Hartman, L. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.24(12): p.1341-1344. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; earthworms; life-cycle; environmental-temperature; comparisons; growth-rate; maturation; cocoons; biological- production; incubation-duration; hatching; fecundity; vermiculture; hatching-success

Abstract: The life-cycle of Dendrobaena veneta was studied at 15 degrees C (characteristic of the animal's natural habitat) and at 25 degrees C (at which the life-cycles of other vermicomposting species have been studied in Southern Africa). At 15 degrees C the life-cycle was completed in 100 days and it took 150 days to complete the cycle at 25 degrees C. At 25 degrees C maturation was quicker, worms started to produce cocoons at a younger age, and more cocoons were produced worm-1 day-1 than at 15 degrees C. The incubation period of cocoons was also shorter at the higher temperature. The hatching success was, however, higher and the number of hatchlings per cocoon were more at the lower temperature.

121.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Influence of vermicompost application on the available macronutrients and selected microbial populations in a paddy field.
Kale, R. D.; Mallesh, B. C.; Bano, K.; Bagyaraj, D. J. Soil- Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1317-1320. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; earthworms; composts; organic-fertilizers; farmyard-manure; urea; superphosphate; potassium-fertilizers; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; macronutrients; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake; shoots; vermicomposting; india

Abstract: The possibility of reducing the use of chemical fertiliser by using vermicompost as organic fertiliser was tested on the summer crop of paddy variety "HAMSA". The control plot received the recommended dosage of farm yard manure and the chemical fertilisers. The experimental plot received half the recommended dosage of chemical fertilisers and the vermicompost. At the time of seed setting and 2 months after the harvest of the crop, the soil samples were analysed for total microbes, N-fixers, Actinomycetes and spore formers. The percent Mycorrhizal colonisation in the plant system was also assessed. Significant increase in the colonisation of these microbes in the experimental plot over the control plot was observed. The symbiotic association of Mycorrhizae in the roots showed a remarkable difference in infection which was just 2.85% in control plots compared to 10% in the experimental plot. Except for Actinomycetes, the colonies of the other microbes assessed 2 months after the harvest of the crop in the drained plots, showed significantly higher counts in the experimental plots. The stubbles in experimental plots retained higher counts of Mycorrhizae than those in the control plots. It could be deduced that the vermicompost application has enhanced the activity of these selected microbes in the soil system. There was high level of Total N in the experimental plot which comparatively received less quantity of fertilisers. This may be due to the higher count of N-fixers (3.48 X 10(3)) observed in the experimental plot than that of the control plot (2.16 X 10(3)).

122.
NAL Call No.: AF-45
Insect and mite pests of earthworm cultures.
Johnson, J. W. 1979. 1 sheet : ill., Document available from: Distribution Center, Umberger Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506.
Descriptors: Pest-management; Pest-control; Nonchemical

123.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
The intensive production of Lumbricus terrestris L. for soil amelioration.
Butt, K. R.; Frederickson, J.; Morris, R. M. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.24(12): p.1321-1325. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: lumbricus-terrestris; earthworms; vermiculture; intensive-production; cocoons; incubation; growth; soil-thermal-regimes; feeds; maturation-period; environmental- control; application-to-land; reclamation

Abstract: The benefits of earthworm inoculation in improving soil conditions are now well established. The main problem with this technique is that it is difficult to obtain large numbers of the most appropriate species at an economic price. At present, the only way of obtaining earthworms for soil improvement is from large scale field collection and this is laborious and expensive. Research at the Open University aims to overcome these problems by investigating ways of intensively producing Lumbricus terrestris. This paper identifies the key variables in the process and presents experimental evidence that L. terrestris can grow and reproduce all year round. Initial results indicate that by optimising the key variables of temperature and nutrition this species can be grown from cocoon to sexual maturity in less than half the time taken in the field. Furthermore, the rate of reproduction can be increased to twice the maximum rate reported by other researchers, even when the earthworms are kept at densities much higher than found in the field. It is concluded that continuous, intensive production of L. terrestris is possible and that this method of supplying earthworms for soil improvement has many advantages compared to field collection.

124.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Inventory of the earthworm communities and the state of litter decomposition in the forests of Flanders, Belgium, and its implications for forest management.
Muys, B.; Lust, N. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1677- 1681. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; earthworms; biological- activity-in-soil; forest-soils; forest-trees; species; forest- litter; humus; decomposition; cycling; soil-texture; soil- fertility; forest-management; amelioration-of-forest-sites; species-differences; belgium

Abstract: In 25 representative forest stands in Flanders, Belgium, an inventory was made of earthworm activity, litter decomposition and nutrient status. It was found that the dominant tree species is more important in determining the biological and chemical fertility of the stand than the soil texture and the climate. It was clear, however, that neither changing tree species nor liming were wholly successful in activating degraded soils. A global strategy integrating choice of tree species, rectifying nutrient inputs (liming, fertilizing) and earthworm introduction must be worked out to rehabilitate degraded loamy soils. In sandy soils, litter accumulation should not to be considered as unfavourable but as a conservation strategy.

125.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Laboratory assessment of nutrient release from a pasture soil receiving grass or clover residues, in the presence or absence of Lumbricus rubellus or Eisenia fetida.
Ruz Jerez, B. E.; Ball, P. R.; Tillman, R. W. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.24(12): p.1529-1534. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: lumbricus-rubellus; eisenia-fetida; earthworms; grassland-soils; plant-residues; decomposition; soil- organic-matter; nitrogen; release; nutrient-availability; mineralization; respiration; biological-activity-in-soil; carbon- dioxide; cycling

Abstract: Two biotic systems were set up, either with or without large organisms ("macro-organisms"). Decomposition and nutrient release from herbage residues (ryegrass or clover) were examined. Earthworms (L. rubellus Hoff. or E. fetida Savigny) were the test macro-organism and nitrogen the test nutrient. Both soil metabolism and availability of soil N were greater in the presence of earthworms, irrespective of residue type or incubation temperature (15 or 22.5 degrees C). Oxygen consumption and CO2 evolution increased by 39 and 26% respectively in the presence of earthworms. Mineral N concentrations were 50% higher in soils with earthworms. Microbial biomass was less in the presence of earthworms, and there is an indication that earthworms may have been responsible for about 50% of total respiration in the systems containing mixed populations. Carbon dioxide evolved during incubation was highly correlated (r = 0.84 ) with soil mineral N present at the conclusion of the incubation. In a subsequent cropping study, using previously incubated soils as the growth medium and ryegrass as the test plant, this influence of macro-organisms was again apparent. Where soils had previously been influenced by earthworms there was a significant increase in plant growth and N uptake. Again, CO2 evolution during the initial incubation was highly correlated (r = 0.85 ) with plant N uptake. The link between elaborated carbon and contained N has long been recognized as providing stability to organic N in soils. In the design of this experiment, other influences of macro-organisms (e.g. mixing or structural influences) were obviated, so one can conclude that enhanced carbon oxidation by earthworms was the main cause of the greater release of N from organic substrates. These results offer a fresh perspective on the balance between mineralization and immobilization in the soil-plant complex and, hence, on the dynamics of nutrients (N, P, S) stabilized in organic matter. Better understanding of these relationships may improve management of the dynamics of soil organic matter in temperate grassland ecosystems.

126.
NAL Call No.: QL110.J62
Laboratory propagation of some indigenous species of earthworms.
Kale, R. D.; Bano, K. J-Soil-Biol-Ecol. Bangalore : Indian Society of Soil Biology and Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Univ of Agric Sci. Mar 1985. v. 5 (1) p. 20-15.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; worm-casts; organic- fertilizers; laboratory-rearing

127.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Leaf-litter consumption and assimilation by juveniles of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) under different environmental conditions.
Daniel, O. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.12(3): p.202-208. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: litter-plant; assimilation; decomposition; environmental-factors; intake; lumbricus-terrestris; soil- biology; equations; clay-loam-soils; switzerland

128.
NAL Call No.: QL336.Z6
Life-cycle of the European compost worm Dendrobaena veneta (Oligochaeta).
Viljoen, S. A.; Reinecke, A. J.; Hartman, L. S-Afr-J-Zool-S- Afr-Tydskr-Dierkd v.26(1): p.43-48. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendrobaena; biological-development; cattle-manure; cocoons; growth; incubation; life-cycle; reproduction; vermiculture; german- federal-republic

129.
NAL Call No.: QL336.Z6
Life cycle of the oriental compost worm Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta).
Hallatt, L.; Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen, S. A. S-Afr-J-Zool-S- Afr-Tydskr-Dierkd v.25(1): p.41-45. (1990 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-fauna; life-cycles; cattle-manure; composting; waste-disposal

130.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Localized dynamics of earthworm populations in relation to bison dung in North American tallgrass prairie.
James, S. W. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1471-1476. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: megascolecidae; aporrectodea; octolasion; earthworms; populations; prairies; bison; feces; population- dynamics; population- structure; immigration; reproduction; feeding-habits; grazing-effects; interactions; kansas; diplocardia; grazer-earthworm-interactions

Abstract: Potential interactions between earthworms and the large mammal Bison bison include effects of dung deposition and effects of grazing via plant responses to defoliation. In the experiment reported here I sought to test the hypothesis that populations under dung pats increase primarily by immigration from adjacent areas, and secondarily by reproduction. A 1.25 m2 grid of 100 bison dung pats of uniform composition was placed on a level upland area of tallgrass prairie in Kansas in October 1987. Baseline data collected in 1986 in the same manner from the same site were used to measure the influence of dung pats. The April 1988 wet preserved biomass of Aporrectodea turgida under dung pats was ten times the intra-grid non-pat sample values, and was triple the baseline measures. Biomass remained greater under pats through October 1988 but declined to baseline by April 1989. Octolasion cyaneum biomass had a less dramatic increase under dung pats and quickly equilibrated between pat and non-pat samples. Diplocardia kansensis and D. longiseta had consistently higher biomass under pats than non-pat samples. D. smithii and unidentified juvenile Diplocardia were not affected by dung application. Demographic profiles and gut content analysis suggest that A. turgida, D. longiseta and D. kansensis immigrate and consume dung. The latter is in accord with previous estimates of the feeding ecology of these species.

131.
NAL Call No.: 421-AN9
Mass breeding of Lumbricus rubellus Hofm. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) as a representative test organism of terrestrial biotopes for the evaluation of chemicals. Zur Massenzucht von Lumbricus rubellus Hofm. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) als einen terrestrische Biotope reprasentativen Testorganismus zur Bewertung von Chemikalien. Zur Massenzucht von Lumbricus rubellus Hofm. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) als einen terrestrische Biotope reprasentativen Testorganismus zur Bewertung von Chemikalien.
Iglisch, I.; Kriegrowski, L. Anz-Schadlingskd-Pflanzenschutz- Umweltschutz v.59(5): p.95-99. ill. (1986 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; rearing-techniques; soil- fauna; soil-pollution; soil-toxicity

132.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Microbial biomass and activity in contrasting soil materials after passage through the gut of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister.
Daniel, O.; Anderson, J. M. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(5): p.465-470. (1992 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lumbricus-rubellus; earthworms; soil- types-cultural; forest-soils; soil-organic-matter; worm-casts; soil-analysis; carbon; biomass; microbial-flora; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; respiration; bacterial-count; soil- water-content; nutrient-availability; physicochemical- properties; carbon-dioxide; garden-soils; gut-passage

Abstract: Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) were fed on four different soils with light fraction organic material contents from 3.7 to 76.1% of the soil dry weight, and soil water potentials standardized at -8 kPa. Microbial biomass-C in the soils, as measured with a modified fumigation- extraction method, ranged from 0.4 to 7.5 mg C g-1 soil. After gut passage (6-8 h) microbial biomass-C was not changed significantly but rates of CO2 production, bacterial plate counts, moisture content and concentrations of soluble organic-C were higher in casts compared with the standardized soils ingested by the earthworms.

133.
NAL Call No.: QL336.Z6
Moisture preferences, growth and reproduction of the African nightcrawler, Eudrilus eugeniae (Oligochaeta).
Viljoen, S. A.; Reinecke, A. J. S-Afr-J-Zool-S-Afr-Tydskr- Dierkd v.25(3): p.155-160. ill. (1990 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; biology; detritus; growth; reproduction; soil-fauna; soil-water

134.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Moisture requirements in the life cycle of Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta).
Hallatt, L. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1333-1340. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: perionyx-excavatus; earthworms; life- cycle; water-relations; water-availability; cattle-manure; moisture-content; growth-rate; cocoons; biological-production; incubation-duration; vermiculture; moisture-preferences

Abstract: The moisture content of the substrate is generally considered to be the major abiotic factor that influences the growth and reproduction of earthworms. The moisture requirements of P. excavatus were studied in cattle manure (particle size 500-1000 micrometer) at 25 degrees C by exposing the worms to different, but constant moisture levels. The results showed that the worms grew and reproduced best between moisture levels of 75.2 and 83.2%. The moisture preferences of both juvenile and clitellate specimens were determined at 25 degrees C in undivided moisture towers filled with a cattle manure medium in which a moisture gradient had developed. It was clear from the results that juvenile and clitellate worms preferred a moisture content of ca 81%, although cocoon deposition by clitellate worms was highest at a somewhat lower moisture level of 78.5%. It can be concluded that moisture influences the growth and reproduction of P. excavatus and that the most favourable moisture content for both is ca 80%.

135.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Moisture requirements of Dendrobaena veneta (Oligochaeta), a candidate for vermicomposting.
Muyima, N. Y. O.; Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen Reinecke, S. A. Soil-biol-biochem v.26(8): p.973-976. (1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendrobaena; earthworms; growth; maturation; cocoons; cattle-manure; environmental-factors; moisture-content; vermicomposting; moisture; moisture-perferences

Abstract: Dendrobaena veneta, an earthworm species from Europe, has been reported to have the potential to combat organic waste problems and to be a producer of protein. This study was concerned with the effect of moisture on growth, maturation and cocoon production of this species. Moisture preferences of clitellate worms were studied with the aid of cylindrical moisture towers filled with cattle manure, ground to a particle size of between 500 and 1000 micrometers and moistened. A moisture gradient was allowed to develop in the towers and after the worms were added they were kept at a temperature of 15 degrees C and a relative humidity of 47.7%. Juvenile worms were exposed to different moisture contents in glass flasks filled with cattle manure medium and kept at 15 degrees C. The highest frequency for clitellate worms was between 77.9 and 78.7% while their moisture preference ranged between 67.4 and 84.3%. For cocoon production the highest frequency was between 73.1 and 79.9%. The optimum moisture content for growth and maturation of juvenile worms was 75%. From the results it appears that this earthworm species could be utilized in organic waste with a relatively high moisture content. However, comparing the reproductive capacity and maturation time with that of other vermicomposting species, D. veneta seems to be a less successful earthworm species for vermicomposting.

136.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
New horizons for commercial vermiculture.
Riggle, D.; Holmes, H. Biocycle v.35(10): p.58-62. (1994 Oct.)
Descriptors: vermicomposting; earthworms; waste- utilization

137.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Nitrogen turnover by earthworms in arable plots treated with farmyard manure and slurry.
Andersen, N. C. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 139-150.
Includes 17 references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; decomposition; farmyard- manure; slurries; nitrogen-cycle

138.
NAL Call No.: 49-AN55
A note on the nutritional evaluation of worm meal (Eisenia fetida) in diets for rainbow trout.
Velasquez, L.; Ibanez, I.; Herrera, C.; Oyarzun, M. Anim- Prod v.53(pt.1): p.119-122. (1991 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rainbow-trout; eisenia-fetida; fish- feeding; fish-meal; growth-rate; feed-intake; feed-conversion; chile

139.
NAL Call No.: SF5.W6-1983
Nutritional evaluation of earthworms for growing chicken.
Hori, E.; Terauchi, S.; Seki, T.; Kurihara, Y.; Itoh, S.; Sugimura, K. New strategies for improving animal production for human welfare : proceedings / the Fifth World Conference on Animal Production, August 14-19, 1983. Tokyo, Japan : Japanese Society of Zootechnical Science, 1983. v. 2 p. 569-570.
Includes references.
Descriptors: chickens; diets; feed-supplements; methionine; oligochaeta; proteins; nutritional-value

140.
NAL Call No.: 47.8-N57
Nutritional value of earthworms and grasshoppers as poultry feed.
Sugimura, K.; Hori, E.; Kurihara, Y.; Itoh, S. Jap-Poult- Sci v.21(1): p.1-7. (1984 Jan.)
Includes references.

141.
NAL Call No.: 47.8-N57
Nutritional value of earthworms and grasshoppers as poultry feed.
Sugimura, K.; Hori, E.; Kurihara, Y.; Itoh, S. Jap-Poult- Sci v.21(1): p.1-7. (1984 Jan.)
Includes references.

142.
NAL Call No.: 47.8-N57
Nutritional value of earthworms for poultry feed.
Yoshida, M.; Hoshii, H. Jap-Poult-Sci. Chiba-shi, Japan Poultry Science Association Nov 1978. v. 15 (6) p. 308-311. ill.
8 ref.

143.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Nutritive value of the earthworm, Dendrodrilus subrubicundus, grown on domestic sewage, in trout diets [Salmo gairdneri].
Stafford, E. A.; Tacon, A. G. J. Agric-Wastes v.9(4): p.249-266. (1984)
Includes references.

144.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Nutritive value of the earthworm, Dendrodrilus subrubicundus, grown on domestic sewage, in trout diets [Salmo gairdneri].
Stafford, E. A.; Tacon, A. G. J. Agric-Wastes v.9(4): p.249-266. (1984)
Includes references.

145.
NAL Call No.: QL391.O4M3
Observations and experiments relating to earthworms particularly in the vicinity of Lincoln, Nebraska.
Macnab, J. A. Lincoln : University of Nebraska, 1931. 233 leaves, 22 leaves of plates : ill., Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nebraska.
Descriptors: Earthworms; Earthworm-culture

146.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
The occurrence of cellulases in the earthworm Eisenia foetida.
Whiston, R. A.; Seal, K. J. Biol-Wastes v.25(3): p.239- 242. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; digestive-juices; cellulase; organic-matter-in-soil; decomposition; soil-fauna; united-kingdom

147.
NAL Call No.: 26-L53
Organic manure substrates and their effect on early weed incidence, earthworm activities, and microbial population.
Asiegbu, J. E. Beitr-Trop-Landwirtsch-Veterinarmed v.22(4): p.371-376. (1984)
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal-manures; cassava-peel; composts; npk-fertilizers; biological-activity-in-soil; oligochaeta; population-density; soil-bacteria; soil- fungi; weeds; nigeria

148.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Organic matter turnover by earthworms.
Stout, J. D. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 35-48.
Includes 13 references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-aeration; organic- matter-in-soil; decomposition

149.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Physical control of soil biological activity due to endogeic earthworm behaviour.
Kretzschmar, A.; Monestiez, P. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1609-1614. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: aporrectodea-caliginosa; earthworms; biological-activity-in-soil; soil-compaction; organic-matter; leaves; decomposition; carbon- dioxide; release; gas-exchange; diffusivity; earthworm-channels; soil-air; population-density

Abstract: Clitellate adults of Aporrectodea trapezoides were maintained for 11 weeks in soil columns (h = 60 cm, diameter = 7.5 cm) under the following conditions: (i) the columns were packed with top soil, sieved to include particle sizes between 1 and 4 mm; (ii) water content was maintained at 31% on a volume basis (pF = 0.3); (iii) the soil was compacted at three levels: 200, 400 and 600 kPa; (iv) Aporrectodea trapezoides was introduced at densities of 0, 4 or 7 per column. (v) 1 g (dry wt) of 14C-labelled organic material (clover leaves) was added to the soil column either spread on the surface, or mixed with the top 5 cm of soil, or mixed with the soil at half the depth of the column; (iv) columns without 14C-labelled material were maintained as control. CO2 release (distinguishing CO2 from the soil and CO2 from the added plant material) was measured throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the relative gas diffusivity of the highly compacted columns was measured at different depths. It was demonstrated that the decomposition of labelled plant material can be controlled by the presence of a burrow system when the gas diffusivity in the soil limits the gas exchange from the soil to the surface.

150.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media.
Edwards, C. A.; Burrows, I. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 211- 219.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; composts; growing-media; production-possibilities; soil-fertility; horticultural-crops; performance

151.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The potential of earthworms for managing sewage sludge.
Neuhauser, E. F.; Loehr, R. C.; Malecki, M. R. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 9-20.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; sewage-sludge; volatile- compounds; growth-rate; reproductive-performance; breed- differences; soil-fauna; eisenia-fetida

152.
NAL Call No.: SH1.A6
A preliminary investigation of the nutritive value of three terrestrial lumbricid worms for rainbow trout [Eisenia foetida, Allolobophora, Lumbricus terrestis].
Tacon, A. G. J.; Stafford, E. A.; Edwards, C. A. Aquaculture v.35(3): p.187-199. ill. (1983 Nov.)
Includes references.

153.
NAL Call No.: SH1.A6
A preliminary investigation of the nutritive value of three terrestrial lumbricid worms for rainbow trout [Eisenia foetida, Allolobophora, Lumbricus terrestis].
Tacon, A. G. J.; Stafford, E. A.; Edwards, C. A. Aquaculture v.35(3): p.187-199. ill. (1983 Nov.)
Includes references.

154.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Presence of culturable bacteria in coccons of the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
Zachmann, J. E.; Molina, J. A. E. Appl-environ-microbiol v.59(6): p.1904-1910. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eisenia-fetida; cocoons; gram-negative- bacteria; bradyrhizobium-japonicum; escherichia-coli; viability; survival; bacterial-count; population-dynamics

Abstract: Viable bacteria were found to coexist with developing embryos in egg capsules (cocoons) of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Earthworms were reared under standardized conditions, and bacterial densities were measured in distinct batches of cocoons collected weekly for 10 weeks. Cocoons weighing 12 mg contained a mean viable bacterial population of approximately 10(8) CFU/g of cocoons. No difference was found in viable counts obtained from cocoons incubated at 15 degrees C and cocoons incubated at 24 degrees C. Viable bacterial numbers increased with cocoon age, while acridine orange direct counts of microbial cells were stable at approximately 10(9) cells per g of cocoons. Bacteria isolated from cocoons were used to develop antisera in rabbits for the production of strain-specific fluorescent antibodies. Fluorescent antibody and selective plating techniques were used to monitor populations of these bacteria in earthworm bedding and to determine whether cocoons acquire bacteria from the environment in which they are formed. Cocoon isolates were readily recovered from cocoons formed in inoculated bedding at densities of 10(8) CFU/g of cocoons. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and UMR 161 added to bedding were also not from cocoons. The bacterial complement of Eisenia fetida cocoons is affected by inoculation of selected bacterial isolates in the worm growth.

155.
NAL Call No.: S3.S8
Processing of municipal sludges through earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta).
Lofs Holmin, A. Swed-J-Agric-Res v.16(2): p.67-71. (1986)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; sludges; composting; waste- waters; purification

156.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Production and carrying capacity for the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in culture Gut load and gut transit time.
Hartenstein, R.; Amico, L. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.15(1): p.51-54. (1983)
13 ref.

157.
NAL Call No.: 410-J828
Production and diversity of enchytraeids, earthworms and plants in fertilized hay meadow plots.
Standen, V. J-Appl-Ecol v.21(1): p.293-312. ill. (1984 Apr.)
Includes references.

158.
NAL Call No.: 410-J828
Production and diversity of enchytraeids, earthworms and plants in fertilized hay meadow plots.
Standen, V. J-Appl-Ecol v.21(1): p.293-312. ill. (1984 Apr.)
Includes references.

159.
NAL Call No.: QH96.A1I58
Production and population dynamics in profundal lacustrine Oligochaeta.
Adreani, L.; Bonacina, C.; Bonomi, G. Proc-Int-Assoc-Theor- Appl-Limnol. Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1980 (pub. 1981). v. 21 (pt.2) p. 967-974. ill.
Includes 12 ref.

160.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The production and processing of earthworm protein.
Edwards, C. A.; Niederer, A. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 169- 179.
Literature review.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; feed-industry; feeds-of- animal-origin; processing; protein-content; nutritional-value

161.
NAL Call No.: S217.E2
Production of earthworm protein for animal feed from potato waste.
Edwards, C. A. Proc-Easter-Sch-Agric-Sci-Univ-Nottingham (36): p.153-162. ill. (1983)
Includes references.

162.
NAL Call No.: S217.E2
Production of earthworm protein for animal feed from potato waste.
Edwards, C. A. Proc-Easter-Sch-Agric-Sci-Univ-Nottingham (36): p.153-162. ill. (1983)
Includes references.

163.
NAL Call No.: 501-L84PB
Production of feed protein from animal waste by earthworms.
Edwards, C. A. Philos-Trans-R-Soc-Lond-Ser-B-Biol-Sci v.310(1144): p.299-307. (1985 Sept.)
In the series analytic: Technology in the 1990s: agriculture and food / edited by K. Blaxter and L. Fowden.
Descriptors: concentrates; feed-products; animal- wastes; waste-utilization; oligochaeta; animal-feeding; feed- evaluation; united-kingdom

164.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2A8524
Raising earthworms.
Jensen, J. Leafl-YANR-Auburn-Univ-Ala-Coop-Ext-Serv. Auburn, Ala. : The Service. June 1991. (91) 2 p.
In Subseries: A Closer Look. Fish and Wildlife.
Descriptors: earthworms; 4-h-clubs

165.
NAL Call No.: S533.F66D6
Raising earthworms.
Southern Regional 4 H Wildlife Literature Committee. 1979 2 p. : ill., Document available from: Educational Aids, National 4-H Council, 7100 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20015. Publication intended for: Member, Elementary, Junior and Senior High Levels. Learning experience: Knowledge, skills, practices. Decision making. Careers, earning and saving.
Descriptors: Fishing; Conservation; Wildlife; Outdoor- education

166.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2A8524
Raising earthworms.
Jensen, J. Leafl-YANR-Auburn-Univ-Ala-Coop-Ext-Serv. Auburn, Ala. : The Service. Sept 1988. (91) 2 p.
In subseries: Fish & Wildlife. A Closer Look.
Descriptors: oligochaeta

167.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Rapid production of axenic specimens of the earthworm Eisenia foetida using microcrystalline cellulose as a carrier medium for antibiotics.
Whiston, R. A.; Seal, K. J. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.20(3): p.407-408. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; species; production; growing- media; antibiotics; cellulose; growth-promoters; methodology; united-kingdom

168.
NAL Call No.: TD511.A53
Recycling of organic wastes through vermicomposting and mushroom cultivation.
Madan, M.; Sharma, N.; Bisaria, R. Alternative waste treatment systems / edited by Rao Bhamidimarri. New York : Elsevier Applied Science, c1988. p. 132-141. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste-treatment; waste-utilization; recycling; composting; oligochaeta; mushroom-compost; mushrooms; cultivation; india

169.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Relationships between casts of geophagous earthworms (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta) and matric potential. I . Cast production, water content, and bulk density.
Hindell, R. P.; McKenzie, B. M.; Tisdall, J. M.; Silvapulle, M. J. Biol-fertil-soils v.18(2): p.119-126. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aporrectodea-caliginosa; aporrectodea; worm-casts; matric-potential; water-content; water-balance; biological-production; bulk-density; species-differences; biological-activity-in-soil; aporrectodea-rosea; cast-production

170.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Reproduction and biomass of Eisenia foetida in domestic waste.
Huhta, V.; Haimi, J. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 65-69.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; households; waste-treatment; composting; winter; summer; sampling-techniques; cultural- methods; finland; eisenia-fetida

171.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Reproduction and growth of three deep-burrowing earthworms (Lumbricidae) in laboratory culture in order to assess production for soil restoration.
Butt, K. R. Biol-Fertil-Soils v.16(2): p.135-138. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aporrectodea-longa; lumbricus-terrestris; octolasion-cyaneum; earthworms; reclamation; soil-biology; pot- experimentation

172.
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
Resistance of chicks and poults fed vermicompost to caecal colonization by Salmonella.
Spencer, J. L.; Garcia, M. M. Avian-pathol v.24(1): p.157-170. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chicks; poults; composts; feces; eisenia- fetida; earthworms; disease-resistance; cecum; colonization; salmonella-typhimurium; salmonella-enteritidis; disease- prevention

173.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
The role of earthworms in straw decomposition and nitrogen turnover in arable land in Ireland.
Curry, J. P.; Byrne, D. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1409-1412. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; species; earthworms; arable- soils; biological-activity-in-soil; nitrogen; mineralization; wheat-straw; decomposition; biodegradation; nitrogen-cycle; population-density; biomass; seasonal-variation; irish-republic

Abstract: Under favourable conditions conventionally tilled arable land can support substantial earthworm populations which can significantly influence soil fertility. Eleven species were present in a winter wheat field in County Kildare, Ireland; the mean density and biomass were 408 ind. m-2 and 61 g m-2 respectively. The population was estimated to mineralize 3.2 g N annually through excretion and tissue turnover, and a further 3.3 g through enhanced mineralization in faeces. The decomposition rate of straw which was accessible to earthworms in the soil was increased by 26-47% within an 8-10 month period compared with that of straw from which earthworms were excluded.

174.
NAL Call No.: QH541.5.P7A82
The role of invertebrates in nutrient cycling and energy flow in grasslands Decomposition process, termites, earthworms.
Lee, K. E. Proc-Australas-Conf-Grassl-Invertebr-Ecol. Wellington, N.Z., P.D. Hasselberg, Govt. Printer. 1978 (pub. 1980). (2nd) p. 26-29.
Includes 19 ref.

175.
NAL Call No.: QH540.S64
Role of invertebrates in the decomposition of Salix litter in reclaimed cutover peat.
Curry, J. P.; Kelly, M.; Bolger, T. Spec-Publ-Ser-Br-Ecol- Soc (4): p.393-397. (1985)
Paper presented at the "Symposium on Ecological Interactions in Soil: Plants, Microbes and Animals," April 16-18, 1984, York, England.
Descriptors: salix; forest-litter; decomposition; invertebrates; peat-soils; oligochaeta

176.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The role of micro-organisms in the nutrition of Eisenia foetida.
Morgan, M. H. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 71-82.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; cattle-slurry; nutritional- requirements; laboratory-rearing; microflora; cladosporium- herbarum; arthrobotrys; eisenia-foetida

177.
NAL Call No.: 410-J828
Role of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida, in affecting organic matter decomposition in microcosms of sludge-amended soil New York.
Mitchell, M. J.; Parkinson, C. M.; Hamilton, W. E.; Dindal, D. L. J-Appl-Ecol v.19(3): p.805-812. (1982 Dec.)
21 ref.
Descriptors: New-York

178.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The role of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in integrated fruit production.
Kennel, W. Acta-Hortic (285): p.149-156. (1990 Dec.)
Paper presented at the symposium on "Integrated Fruit Production," September 11-15, 1989, Wadenswil, Switzerland.
Descriptors: lumbricus-terrestris; earthworms; fruit- growing; integrated-systems

Abstract: From all earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris is best adapted to orchard conditions, because of its special way of living. Its beneficial effects do not only consist in improving soil fertility but also in destroying effectively the plant diseases and pests surviving on the tree litter on the soil. Different methods taken by fruit growers can either promote or harm earthworm populations.

179.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Seasonal and experimental variation in population structure of earthworms in tallgrass prairie.
James, S. W. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1445-1449. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: megascolecidae; species; aporrectodea; octolasion; earthworms; population-structure; seasonal-variation; reproduction; seasonality; population-distribution; prairies; prescribed-burning; irrigation; kansas; diplocardia

Abstract: Estimates of the season of reproduction, period of growth to maturity, and patterns of recruitment are presented for six species of the North American earthworm genus Diplocardia and two European Lumbricidae. Reproduction and recruitment is facultatively continuous in D. smithii and D. verrucosa, while D. rugosa reproduces in the autumn and the remaining Diplocardia reproduce in the spring. The period required for growth to maturity is estimated at 1 yr. The lumbricid Octolasion cyaneum has a single spring episode of reproduction, and matures in the second spring after hatching. Aporrectodea turgida reproduction and recruitment are depressed in summer, with the primary episode in the spring. However, hatching may be delayed by climatic factors, rendering estimation of age to maturity difficult. Population structure responses to burning and irrigation were largely manifested as changes in numbers, rather than in proportions, in different stages. It does not appear that population structure is more sensitive to experimental conditions than biomass measures under the experimental regime employed. Consequently there was little to gain by a finer level of analysis.

180.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au783
Seasonal changes in the abundance of earthworms (Annelida: Lumbricidae and Acanthodrilidae) in soils used for cereal and lucerne production in South Australia.
Baker, G. H.; Barrett, V. J.; Carter, P. J.; Williams, P. M. L.; Buckerfield, J. C. Aust-j-agric-res v.44(6): p.1291- 1301. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aporrectodea; aporrectodea-caliginosa; annelida; population-density; seasonal-variation; soil-water- content; life-history; soil-depth; age- structure; hordeum- vulgare; medicago-sativa; avena-sativa; triticale; conservation- tillage; tillage; mediterranean-climate; species-differences; australia; aporrectodea-rosea; microscolex-dubius; microscolex- phosphorus; conventional-tillage

181.
NAL Call No.: S589.7.N48
Seattle tilth's composting education program.
Woestendick, C. New-Alchemy-Q (33): p.22-23. (1988 Fall)
Descriptors: municipal-refuse-disposal; domestic- gardens; haulms; composting; demonstrations; mulches; oligochaeta; workshops-programs; information-sources; washington

182.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Selective consumption of decomposing wheat straw by earthworms.
Moody, S. A.; Briones, M. J. I.; Piearce, T. G.; Dighton, J. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(9): p.1209-1213. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lumbricus-terrestris; aporrectodea-longa; allolobophora-chlorotica; earthworms; feeding-preferences; soil- fungi; species; wheat-straw; crop-residues; decay-fungi; plant- pathogenic-fungi; microbial-grazing

Abstract: Three species of earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L., Aporrectodea longa (Ude) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny), were offered a choice of mixtures,of soil and small wheat straw fragments which had been inoculated individually with six saprotrophic fungi. All earthworm species showed preferences between the six fungal species offered. Early straw decomposers, capable of utilizing water-soluble sugars and cellulose, were preferred in most cases to the lignin-decomposing fungi characteristic of the later stages of decomposition. The removal of fungal-inoculated straw pieces from the soil surface by L. terrestris followed the same pattern. The palatability of two wheat pathogens to L. terrestris was found to be similar to that of the preferred saprotroph. The implications of these findings for fungal abundance and dispersal in wheat fields are discussed.

183.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
A simulation model of earthworm growth and population dynamics: application to organic waste conversion.
Mitchell, M. J. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 339-349.
Includes 22 references.
Descriptors: sludges; waste-disposal; oligochaeta; population-dynamics; eisenia-foetida

184.
NAL Call No.: TD767.S59
Vermicomposting municipal sludge by earthworms: an economical stabilization alternative.
Pincince, A. B.; Donovan, J. F.; Bates, J. E. T. Sludge. Silver Spring, Md., Business Publishers. Sept/Oct 1980. v. 3 (5) p. 26-30. ill.
10 ref.

185.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida (oligochaeta), on fluxes of volatile carbon and sulfur compounds from sewage sludge decomposition.
Hornor, S. G.; Mitchell, M. J. T. d. Soil-Biol-Biochem. Oxford, Pergamon Press. 1981. v. 13 (5) p. 367-372. ill.
33 ref.

186.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-AU7
Soil fauna and soil structure.
Lee, K. E. Aust-J-Soil-Res v.29(6): p.745-775. (1991)
In the Special Issue: Advances in Soil Structure. Paper presented at the symposium "Advances in Soil Structure," October 28-30, 1991, Shepparton, Australia.
Descriptors: soil-structure; soil-fauna; animal- burrows; earthworms; earthworm-channels; worm-casts; porosity; infiltration; aeration; soil-water- movement; reviews

187.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Specific differences in cocoon and hatchling production in Eisenia fetida and E. andrei.
Sheppard, P. S. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 83-92.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; reproductive-performance; breed-differences; cattle-manure; hybrids; hatching; eisenia- fetida; eisenia-andrei

188.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52
Sperm count in earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as a biomarker for environmental toxicology: effects of cadmium and chlordane.
Cikutovic, M. A.; Fitzpatrick, L. C.; Venables, B. J.; Goven, A. J. Environ-Pollut v.81(2): p.123-125. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lumbricus-terrestris; toxicity; sublethal- effects; cadmium; chlordane; reproduction; spermatozoa; pollution; monitoring; nontarget- effects; nontarget-organisms

189.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Stabilization of liquid municipal sludge using earthworms.
Loehr, R. C.; Martin, J. H. Jr.; Neuhausers, E. F. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 95-110.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; municipal-refuse-disposal; sewage-sludge; tanks; chemical-oxygen-demand; stabilizing; new- york; eisenia-fetida; liquid-sludge-vermistabilization

190.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Stimulation of microbial phosphatase production by earthworm activity.
Satchell, J. E.; Martin, K.; Krishnamoorthy, R. V. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.16(2): p.195. (1984)
Includes references.

191.
NAL Call No.: QH540.I55
Stress-induced enhancement of reproduction in earthworm Octochaetus pattoni exposed to chromium (VI) and mercury (II)-- implications in environmental management.
Abbasi, S. A.; Soni, R. Int-J-Environ-Stud v.22(1): p.43-47. (1983 Dec.)
Includes references.

192.
NAL Call No.: QH540.I55
Stress-induced enhancement of reproduction in earthworm Octochaetus pattoni exposed to chromium (VI) and mercury (II)-- implications in environmental management.
Abbasi, S. A.; Soni, R. Int-J-Environ-Stud v.22(1): p.43-47. (1983 Dec.)
Includes references.

193.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Sublethal ecotoxicological effects of dieldrin on the earthworm Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta).
Venter, J. M.; Reinecke, A. J. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 337- 353.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; dieldrin; pesticide-residues; toxicology; bioassays; reproductive-performance; laboratory- methods; soil-biology; soil- pollution; southern-africa; south- africa; eisenia-foetida; clitellum

194.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52
Sublethal toxic effects of copper on growth, reproduction and litter breakdown activity in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus, with observations on the influence of temperature and soil pH.
Ma, W. C. Environ-Pollut-Ser-A-Ecol-Biol v.33(3): p.207- 219. (1984)
Includes references.

195.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
The suitability of Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) for vermicomposting in Southern Africa in terms of their temperature requirements.
Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen, S. A.; Saayman, R. J. Soil-Biol- Biochem v.24(12): p.1295-1307. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology", June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; species-differences; earthworms; vermiculture; environmental-temperature; temperature- resistance; growth; survival; reproduction; vermicomposting; south-africa

Abstract: Since the epigeic species Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia fetida have a potential as waste decomposers or as possible sources of protein, knowledge of their temperature requirements are required in order to cultivate them in large numbers under different environmental conditions. A study was undertaken outdoors as well as indoors of earthworm populations in artificial containers in order to access the influence of high, as well as low, temperatures on the different species. The results were compared with that obtained for control populations kept at a presumably favourable temperature of 25 degrees C. The results showed that Eisenia fetida has a wider tolerance for temperatures than E. eudrilus eugeniae and P. excavatus which allows this species to be cultivated in areas with higher temperatures (often as high as 43 degrees C) as well as areas with lower soil temperatures (often below 5 degrees C). The other two species will have limited outdoor application in vermiculture systems. The winter temperatures in the southern subregion of Africa and not the summer temperatures seem to be the limiting factor in applying Eudrilus eugeniae and P. excavatus in outdoor vermiculture. The incubation period, development and cocoon production of the species at various temperature simulations were also investigated. Regions in southern Africa were identified, based on prevailing temperature conditions, where E. eugeniae and P. excavatus could be utilized in vermiculture systems.

196.
NAL Call No.: QL110.J62
Suitability of neem cake as an additive in earthworm feed and its influence on the establishment of microflora.
Kale, R. D.; Bano, K.; Vinayak, K.; Bagyaraj, D. J. J-Soil- Biol-Ecol. Bangalore : Indian Society of Soil Biology and Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Univ of Agric Sci. Sept 1986. v. 6 (2) p. 98-103.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; neem-seed-cake; soil-flora; nitrification-inhibitors; eudrilus-eugeniae

197.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Suppressive effect of a commercial earthworm compost on some root infecting pathogens of cabbage and tomato.
Szczech, M.; Rondomanski, W.; Brzeski, M. W.; Smolinska, U.; Kotowski, J. F. Biol-agric-hortic v.10(1): p.47-52. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; brassica- oleracea-var; -capitata; phytophthora-nicotianae; meloidogyne- hapla; plasmodiophora-brassicae; heterodera-schachtii; composts; earthworms; plant-disease-control; infections; suppression; application-rates; efficacy; vermicomposts

198.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Terbuthylazine and carbofuran effects on growth and reproduction within three generations of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta).
Brunniger, B.; Viswanathan, R.; Beese, F. Biol-fertil- soils v.18(2): p.83-88. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eisenia; terbuthylazine; carbofuran; sublethal-effects; growth-rate; reproduction; developmental- stages; weight; biomass-production; hatchlings; cocoon-production

199.
NAL Call No.: S661.C65
The use of earthworms for composting farm wastes.
Edwards, C. A.; Burrows, I.; Fletcher, K. E.; Jones, B. A. Composting of agricultural and other wastes / edited by J.K.R. Gasser. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, c1985. p. 229-242.
Includes 23 references.
Descriptors: agricultural-wastes; manures; crop- residues; composting; microbiology; oligochaeta; soil-amendments; feeds-of-animal-origin; england- ; vermiculture

200.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
The use of earthworms in environmental management.
Edwards, C. A.; Bater, J. E. Soil-Biol-Biochem v.24(12): p.1683-1689. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; earthworms; land-improvement; reclamation; organic-wastes; animal-wastes; waste-treatment; vermicomposting; agricultural-chemicals; toxicity; soil-pollution

Abstract: During the past 25 yr, research by the authors at Rothamsted Experimental Station investigated many aspects of the utilization of earthworms in land improvement and environmental management. Results of some of these investigations are summarized in this paper with the aim of illustrating the general principles of how earthworm populations can be manipulated and managed for environmental improvement. The use of earthworms in land improvement and reclamation: we investigated the effects of inoculating earthworms of the species Lumbricus terrestris L., Aporrectodea longa (Ude), Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Sav.) into intact soil profiles in the laboratory, plots on direct-drilled, arable land in the field and newly-capped waste disposal sites that had few or no earthworms. In all these studies the earthworms increased significantly in number and rate of growth and yield of plants growing on the inoculated sites. Earthworms for inoculation were obtained by field collection after watering soil with dilute formaldehyde solution. The use of earthworms in organic waste

201.
NAL Call No.: 293.8-SE8
Use of earthworms in sludge management.
Brennan, J.; Hartenstein, R. J-Water-Pollut-Control-Fed v.56(10): p.1136-1139. (1984 Oct.)
Includes 26 references.
Descriptors: sludges; waste-waters; oligochaeta; soil- aeration

202.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
The use of resource patches by earthworms.
Hughes, M. S.; Bull, C. M.; Doube, B. M. Biol-fertil- soils v.18(3): p.241-244. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-organic-matter; sheep-manure; formulations; spatial-distribution; aporrectodea-caliginosa; aporrectodea; earthworms; soil-depth; population-density; biomass-production; aporrectodea-rosea; microscolex-dubius

203.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The use of worm-digested animal waste as a supplement to peat in loamless composts for hardy nursery stock.
Scott, M. A. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 221-229.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; manures; composting; peat; soil-biology; container-grown-plants; performance; united-kingdom

204.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Utilisation of solid paper-mill sludge and spent brewery yeast as a feed for soil-dwelling earthworms.
Butt, K. R. Bioresource-Technol v.44(2): p.105-107. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lumbricus-terrestris; feeds; solid-wastes; paper-mill-sludge; brewers'-yeast; reclamation; uk; spent- brewer'-yeast; soil-amelioration

205.
NAL Call No.: QL391.A6E27
Utilization of Eudrilus eugeniae for disposal of cassava peel.
Mba, C. C. Earthworm ecology : from Darwin to vermiculture / edited by J.E. Satchell. London : Chapman and Hall, 1983. p. 315- 321.
Includes 9 references.
Descriptors: cassava-peel; soil-pollution; waste- disposal; decomposition; humus; oligochaeta; nigeria

206.
NAL Call No.: S590.R4
Value of household refuse as breeding material for Eisenia fetida andrei (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Valeur des ordures menageres comme milieu d'elevage pour Eisenia fetida andrei (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Valeur des ordures menageres comme milieu d'elevage pour Eisenia fetida andrei (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae).
Fayolle, L. Rev-Ecol-Biol-Sol v.22(3): p.353-366. (1985 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; refuse-compost; breeding

207.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Variables controlling denitrification from earthworm casts and soil in permanent pastures.
Elliott, P. W.; Knight, D.; Anderson, J. M. Biol-Fertil- Soils v.11(1): p.24-29. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grassland-soils; denitrification; earthworms; worm-casts; ammonium-nitrate; losses-from-soil- systems; microbial-activities; moisture- content; nitrous-oxide; permanent-grasslands; soil-fertility; soil-water; england

208.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.I57-1985
Vermicomposting and biological N-fixation.
Mba, C. C. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Soil Biology and Conservation of the Biosphere / edited by J. Szegi. Budapest : Akademiai Kiado, 1987. p. 547-552.
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; nitrogen-fixation; oligochaeta; soil-fauna; decomposition; paspalum-dilatatum; plant-composition; pot-experimentation; soil-enzymes; soil- fertility; worm-casts; nigeria

209.
NAL Call No.: 26-L53
Vermicomposting and biological N fixation.
Mba, C. C. Beitr-Trop-Landwirtsch-Veterinarmed v.24(3): p.289-293. (1986)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; oligochaeta; nitrogen- fixation; soil-bacteria; soil-enzymes; worm-casts; paspalum- dilatatum; chemical-constituents-of-plants; nigeria

210.
NAL Call No.: S661.C6-1982
Vermicomposting for sludge management Earthworm degradation.
Composting : theory and practice for city, industry and farm / edited by the staff of Compost Science/Land Utilization. Emmaus, Pa. : JG Press, 1982. p. 166-167.

211.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Vermicomposting in a rural community.
Harris, G. D.; Platt, W. L.; Price, B. C. BioCycle. Emmaus, Pa. : J.G. Press. Jan 1990. v. 31 (1) p. 48-51. ill.
Descriptors: composting; oligochaeta; sludges; waste-water- treatment; heavy-metals; waste-utilization; california

212.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Vermicomposting of coffee pulp using the earthworm Eisenia fetida: effects on C and N contents and the availability of nutrients.
Orozco, F. H.; Cegarra, J.; Trujillo, L. M.; Roig, A. Biol- fertil-soils v.22(1/2): p.162-166. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vermicomposting; coffee-pulp; waste- utilization; eisenia-fetida; earthworms; carbon; chemical- composition; nitrogen-content; nutrient- availability; composts; quality; organic-fertilizers; moisture-content; ph; population- density; exchangeable-cations; nutrient-content; ratios; phosphorus; boron; magnesium; potassium; calcium-ions; fertilizer-value; calcium-magnesium-ratio; magnesium-potassium- ratio

Abstract: In Colombia, more than 1 million tons of coffee pulp are produced every year. Its transformation into compost by means of turned piles has led to a final product with poor physical and chemical characteristics and vermicomposting has been suggested as an alternative method of transforming these wastes into a useful organic fertilizer. The ability of the earthworm Eisenia fetida to transform coffee pulp into a valuable compost was evaluated. The influence of bed depth and time on different C fractions, N content and availability of nutrients was studied. The results showed that the C and N contents were not affected by the depth of the bed, whereas time affected both. An increase in the fractionation ratio, determined by calculating the C in the fraction smaller than 100 micrometer as a percentage of C in the samples as a whole, and low values of humic-like substances were recorded during vermicomposting. After ingestion of the pulp by the earthworms, an increase in available P, Ca, and Mg but a decrease in K were detected.

213.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
The vermicomposting of cow slurry.
Hand, P.; Hayes, W. A.; Satchell, J. E.; Frankland, J. C. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 49-63.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-biology; feedlot- effluent; cattle-slurry; peat; paper-meal; laboratory-techniques; acinetobacter; composting; eisenia-fetida; acinetobacter-lwoffi

214.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-P343
Vermicomposting of cow slurry.
Hand, P.; Hayes, W. A.; Frankland, J. C.; Satchell, J. E. Pedobiologia v.31(3/4): p.199-209. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-slurry; composting; oligochaeta; decomposition; nitrogen-mineralization; feeding-behavior; soil- fauna; eisenia-fetida

215.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
The vermicomposting of pre-treated pig manure.
Chan, P. L. S.; Griffiths, D. A. Biol-Wastes v.24(1): p.57-69. (1988)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig-slurry; waste-treatment; composting; oligochaeta; biodegradation; decomposition; organic-fertilizers; feces-as-feed; fish-feeding; hong-kong

216.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Vermicomposts as components of potting media.
Handreck, K. A. BioCycle. Emmaus, Pa. : J.G. Press. Oct 1986. v. 27 (9) p. 58-62. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; composts; growing-media; nutrient-contents; matthiola-incana; growth; victoria; new-south- wales

217.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3E2
Vermiculture: bring on the future.
Sabine, J. R. Earthworms in waste and environmental management / edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing, 1988. p. 3-7.
Literature review.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil-fauna; culture- techniques; production-possibilities; soil-fertility; waste- treatment

218.
NAL Call No.: SB321.G85
Vermiculture (worm) composting.
Grubinger, V. Grower. Storrs, Conn. : Cooperative Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The University of Connecticut,. Mar 1994. v. 94 (3) p. 3-4.
Descriptors: lumbricus-rubellus; eisenia-fetida; vermicomposting

219.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Worldwide progress in vermicomposting.
Logsdon, G. Biocycle v.35(10): p.63-65. (1994 Oct.)
Descriptors: vermicomposting; earthworms; waste- utilization

220.
NAL Call No.: S37.F72
Worm compositing bin.
Hirrel, S. S. FSA-Univ-Ark-Syst-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Little Rock, Ark.] : Cooperative Extension Service,. Mar 1993. (6032) 2 p.
In subseries: Compost Units Series.
Descriptors: composting; composts; earthworms; construction; moisture; arkansas

221.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Worms can recycle your garbage.
Sherman, R. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service,. May 1994. (473-18) 4 p.
In subseries: Water Quality & Waste Management.
Descriptors: vermicomposting; food-wastes; eisenia- fetida; refuse-compost; waste-utilization

222.
NAL Call No.: SF597.E3A66-1982
Worms eat my garbage. 1st ed.
Appelhof, M. Kalamazoo, Mich., USA : Flower Press, c1982. 100 p. : ill., Includes index.
Descriptors: Earthworm-culture; Earthworms

Author Index

Subject Index