Technical Abstract: In 2004, we evaluated the effects of N fertilization (6 N rates) on chile pepper fresh yield and biomass accumulation following four years of continuous corn production. A controlled release N fertilizer (Polyon®3) was used. Fresh chile pepper yields increased with increasing N rate up to about 90 to 120 lb N/a then leveled off. Estimated gross economic returns reflected the fresh chile pepper yield. Total plant biomass production increased with increasing N rate. Plant size (stems + leaves) had maximized by the September 1 sampling date while pepper yield continued to increase until final harvest. Total N uptake increased from 101 lb N/a with no N fertilizer applied to 180 lb N/a with 120 lb/a of fertilizer N applied, resulting in an estimated N fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) of about 66%. Residual soil NO3-N levels were relatively low in the spring before planting chile pepper, but did increase slightly with higher N rate applied to the previous corn crops. Residual soil NO3-N levels were even lower after chile pepper harvest. This may indicate that chile pepper was effective in utilizing soil residual N from the root zone or that the residual N was leached out of the root zone by the frequent irrigations.