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| ERIC #: | ED370953 |
| Title: | Women's Baseball in Colleges and Clubs Prior to 1940. |
| Authors: | Mills, Brett D. |
| Descriptors: | Baseball; Clubs; College Athletics; Cultural Context; Higher Education; History; Physical Education; Sex Bias; Sex Role; Sex Stereotypes; Single Sex Schools; Womens Athletics; Womens History |
| Source: | N/A |
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N/A |
| Publisher: | N/A |
| Publication Date: | 1994-00-00 |
| Pages: | 16 |
| Pub Types: | Information Analyses; Opinion Papers |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews the literature on women's baseball prior to the establishment of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League by P. K. Wrigley in 1943. Around the turn of the century, women had fewer opportunities for participation in sports and long standing stereotypes permeated the thoughts and ideals of society with respect to women in sport. One limitation was the stereotype of the delicate, sickly, passive female; a second restraint was the common belief that women's primary goals were of marriage and motherhood; a third limiting factor was the belief that women should behave in a "genteel" manner. It was also commonly believed that participation in sport could result in women becoming infertile, coarse, unfeminine, and possibly immoral. The only place for women to be involved in sports was within the confines of women's colleges and clubs. The growth in popularity of baseball was fostered by the idea of participation, collegiality, and the overall ideal of "sport for sports sake." Competition, however, was viewed with alarm. Baseball clubs were formed to allow women not attending college to participate. Such clubs were often unfortunately exploited for their spectacle value. Women, however, tended not to view their involvement with baseball as a matter of women's rights but simply enjoyed the game. Many women interested in baseball felt the opposition towards their participation in baseball was too great, and concentrated their efforts in non-participant roles including those of spectators, journalists, scouts, and, eventually, owners. (Contains 36 references.) (LL) |
| Abstractor: | N/A |
| Reference Count: | N/A |
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| Note: | N/A |
| Identifiers: | 1880s; 1940s |
| Record Type: | Non-Journal |
| Level: | 1 - Available on microfiche |
| Institutions: | N/A |
| Sponsors: | N/A |
| ISBN: | N/A |
| ISSN: | N/A |
| Audiences: | N/A |
| Languages: | English |
| Education Level: | Higher Education |
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