The New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL) is a Government-owned, Government-operated center of excellence in the measurement science of nuclear materials. NBL is the U.S. Government's Nuclear Materials Measurements and Reference Materials Laboratory and the National Certifying Authority for nuclear reference materials and measurement calibration standards. As an internationally recognized Federal laboratory, NBL provides reference materials, measurement and interlaboratory measurement evaluation services, and technical expertise for evaluating measurement methods and safeguards measures in use at other facilities for a variety of Federal program sponsors and customers. NBL functions as a Network Laboratory for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

NBL is located, as a Federal enclave, on the site of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) about 40 kilometers (25 miles) southwest of Chicago, Illinois. NBL is part of the Department of Energy's Office of Science Chicago Office.