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00.074.0.02.004. Carnation mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.074.0.02.004. Carnation mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Dianthus ssp.

Natural host and symptoms
Dianthus caryophyllus, D. barbatus, Saponaria vaccaria — mild mottle.

Begonia elatior, Begonia x cheimantha, Daphne odora, Dianthus chinensis, D. superbus, Saponaria officinalis — mottle.

Reference to Isolation Report
Kassanis (1955).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.074.0.02.004. Virus accession number: 74002004. Obsolete virus code: 74.0.2.0.004; superceded accession number: 74020004.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 11986.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: CarMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.074.0.02. Carmovirus in the family 00.074. Tombusviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry (T=3). The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 34-35.6 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Moran et al. (1985).

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 1opo (1opo.html).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 122 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 5.2. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 70 days, or 395 days (for attenuated forms). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 20% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain nucleic acid of host origin, two subgenomic mRNA, or defective RNA species arising from a deletion of full-length genomic RNA. The function of the larger 1.75kb mRNA is unknown (Guilley et al., 1985). The genome is fully sequenced and complete sequence is 4003 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [X02986] Em(40)_vi:XXCARMV Gb(84)_vi:XXCARMV Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) complete genomic RNA sequence. 9/93 4,003bp. 1 sequence.
The genome has a base ratio of 27 % guanine; 30 % adenine; 19 % cytosine; 24 % uracil. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region (Guilley et al., 1985). Reference to nucleotide sequence Guilley et al. (1985, Carrington and Morris (1985).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 80% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) (plus a fragment located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein COAT_CARMV. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 37787 Da (348 AA) with 180 copies per virion; sequence has the accession number [P04383]; is the coat protein.

Reference to method of preparation: Tremaine (1970).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Guilley et al. (1985, Tremaine (1970).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 2 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein (is 1.6 kb long and codes for 347 amino acid residues).

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to sowbane mosaic, broad bean mottle, tobacco ringspot, tomato bushy stunt, carnation ringspot, turnip crinkle, carnation Italian ringspot, tobacco necrosis, Cymbidium ringspot, Pelargonium leaf curl and raspberry ringspot viruses.

The coat protein has amino acid sequence homology with those of turnip crinkle and tomato bushy stunt viruses (Carrington and Morris, 1986), but they are not serologically related.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Begoniaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Thymelaeaceae (1 /1). The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus, Anagallis arvensis, Antirrhinum majus, Atriplex hortensis, Begonia elatior, Begonia x cheimantha, Beta vulgaris, Calandrinia grandiflora, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Daphne odora, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dianthus chinensis, Dianthus superbus, Digitalis purpurea, Glechoma hederacea, Gomphrena globosa, Lunaria annua, Lychnis chalcedonica, Lychnis dioica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Petunia x hybrida, Phytolacca americana, Primula malacoides, Rumex obtusifolius, Saponaria officinalis, Saponaria vaccaria, Silene armeria, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium repens.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of chlorotic and necrotic local lesions.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, or Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Berberidaceae, Boraginaceae, or Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae (16 /16), or Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Dipsacaceae, Fumariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae, Papaveraceae, Passifloraceae, or Plantaginaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, or Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, or Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Verbenaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Ageratum conyzoides, Ajuga reptans, Amsonia tabernaemontana, Apium graveolens (var. dulce), Aquilegia coerulea, Araujia sericofera, Avena sativa, Begonia semperflorens, Bellis perennis, Berberis darwinii, Borago officinalis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Bryonia dioica, Calendula officinalis, Callistephus chinensis, Campanula persicifolia, Capsicum frutescens, Caryopteris x clandonensis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum parthenium, Clematis vitalba, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucurbita pepo, Dahlia pinnata, Datura stramonium, Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris, Emilia sagittata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Freesia refracta, Fumaria officinalis, Genista hispanica, Glycine max, Helianthus annuus, Impatiens balsamina, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Limonium latifolium, Lonicera periclymenum, Lupinus polyphyllus, Lythrum salicaria, Mimulus luteus, Momordica charantia, Mycelis muralis, Myosotis sylvatica, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Oxalis corniculata, Papaver rhoeas, Passiflora caerulea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Portulaca oleracea, Pulicaria dysenterica, Ranunculus repens, Reseda odorata, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum quercifolium, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus asper, Streptocarpus kewensis, Tanacetum vulgare, Tradescantia zebrina, Trichosanthes anguina, Tropaeolum majus, Verbena hybrida, Veronica chamaedrys, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor — small chlorotic local lesions.

Chenopodium quinoa, Atriplex hortensis — chlorotic spots, systemic chlorotic flecks, spots and malformation.

Gomphrena globosa — fawn necrotic dots.

Tetragonia tetragonioides — small chlorotic and/or necrotic local lesions.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Dianthus caryophyllus, Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L, C. quinoa (L).

References to host data: Hollings and Stone (1964).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

PSR, PR4 and also attenuated forms.

References

Carrington, J.C, and Morris, TJ (1984). Virology 139: 22.

Carrington, JC and Morris, TJ (1985). Virology 144: 1.

Carrington, JC and Morris, TJ (1986). Virology 150: 196.

Guilley, H., Carrington, J.C., Bal...zs, E., Jonard, G., Richards, K. and Morris, TJ (1985). Nucl. Acids Res. 13: 6663.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1964). Ann. appl. Biol. 53: 103.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 7, 4 pp.

Kassanis, B. (1955). Ann. appl. Biol. 43: 103.

Kemp, WG and Fazekas, L.J. (1966). Can. J. Bot. 44: 1261.

Koenig, R. and Lesemann, D.E. (1985). Phytopath. Z. 112: 105.

Moran, J.R., Wilson, J.M., Garrett, R.G. and Smith, P.R. (1985). Pl. Path. 34: 467.

Tremaine, J.H. (1970). Virology 42: 611.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 149 by J.H. Tremaine and J.R. Moran, 1985.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 7.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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