ANGIOSPERMAE: MONOCOTYLEDONEAE
Alismataceae
Sagittaria lancifolia L.
Plate 3: 31–32
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 25.5 (23.9–27.2) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; sparsely echinate; spine height: 1.1 (0.7–1.5) µm; spine width at base: 0.7 (0.5–0.8) µm; exine thickness: 1.3 (1.0–1.8) µm; tectate.
Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
Plate 3: 33–35
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 29.2 (25.5–36.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; echinate; spine height: 1.3 (1.0–1.8) µm; spine width at base: 0.8 (0.6–1.1) µm; exine thickness: 1.8 (1.5–2) µm; tectate.
Araceae
Peltandra virginica (
L.) Schott
Plate 3: 27
Spherical to oval grain; maximum dimension: 29.8 (23.6– 33.9) µm; inaperturate; psilate; exine thickness: 1.3 (1.0– 1.5) µm.
Pistia stratiotes L.
Plate 3: 25–26
Oval grain; long axis: 31.6 (26.0–37.5) µm; short axis: 19.9 (18.5–22.5) µm; inaperturate; psilate; exine thickness: 1.1 (1.0–1.5) µm.
Arecaceae
Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes
Plate 9: 115–116
Oval grain; long axis: 38.2 (34.2–41.6) µm; short axis: 26.3 (22.3–29.9) µm; monosulcate; sulcus length: 28.4 (15.8–33.6) µm; pitted to micropitted; exine thickness: 2.0 (1.0–3.0) µm; tectate.
Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. & J.H. Schultes
Plate 10: 133–135
Oval grain; long axis: 67.5 (62.7–70.3) µm; short axis: 39.5 (36.9–43.5) µm; monosulcate; sulcus length: 41.7 (40.2– 43.1) µm; maximum sulcus width: 2.9 (2.9–3.1) µm; reticulate; homobrochate; exine thickness: 2.0 (1.9–2.3) µm.
Commelinaceae
Commelina diffusa Burm. F.
Plate 9: 119–122
Oval grain; long axis: 32.8 (25.0–39.0) µm; short axis: 25.2 (20.0–30.0) µm; monosulcate; sulcus with irregular margin (see Plate 9: 121, 122); sulcus length: 19.9 (17.0– 24.0) µm; granulate; grana regularly distributed on surface (see Plate 9: 120); exine thickness: 1.6 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Cyperaceae
Cladium mariscus (
L.) Pohl
ssp. jamaicense (Crantz)
Kuekenth
(synonym:
Cladium jamaicense Crantz)
Plate 3: 44
Rounded triangular grain with characteristic elongated tip; maximum dimension: 68.1 (53.9–78.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; finely scabrate; exine thickness: 1.1 (0.9–1.3) µm.
Rounded triangular grain; maximum dimension: 23.8 (21.0–27.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.5 (1.2–1.9) µm.
Eleocharis cellulosa Torr.
Plate 3: 43
Rounded triangular grain; maximum dimension: 50.3 (47.0–54.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.0 (0.9–1.1) µm.
Eleocharis elongata Chapman
Plate 3: 40
Rounded grain; maximum dimension: 43.1 (37.0–53.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.3 (1.0–1.5) µm.
Rhynchospora colorata (
L.) H. Pfeiffer
(synonym:
Dichromena colorata (
L.) A.S. Hitchc.)
Plate 3: 38–39
Rounded triangular grain; maximum dimension: 29.6 (26.0–33.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular; coarsely scabrate to microverrucate; exine thickness: 1.1 (0.8–1.3) µm.
Schoenoplectus taberaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla
(synonym:
Scirpus validus Vahl)
Plate 3: 41–42
Rounded triangular grain; maximum dimension: 33.9 (31.0–38.0) µm; ulcerate; aperture margins irregular with some sculptural elements within the ulcus; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.3 (1.0–1.5) µm.
Liliaceae
Crinum americanum L.
Plate 10: 128–130
Oval grain; long axis: 133.4 (128.4–138.3) µm; short axis: 75.6 (73.1–78.4) µm; monosulcate; sulcus length: 94.2 (68.0–115.0) µm; echinate (see Plate 10: 130); sculptural elements distributed sparsely in regularly spaced rows (see Plate 10: 129); spine height: 2.3 (2.2–2.4) µm; spine width at base: 1.7 (1.5–2.2) µm; exine thickness: 3.6 (3.1– 4.4) µm.
Poaceae
Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) Britton;
Stern; & Poggenberg
Plate 4: 50–51
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 29.0 (25.0–35.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore; pore diameter: 2.5 (2.0–3.0) µm; annulus width: 2.3 (1.9–2.6) µm; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.5 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Andropogon virginicus L.
Plate 4: 52–53
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 30.5 (28.0–35.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore with operculum; pore diameter: 3.5 (3.0–4.0) µm; annulus width 2.7 (2.5–3.0) µm; psilate to scabrate; exine thickness: 1.3 (1.0–1.5) µm.
Eragrostis elliottii S. Wats.
Plate 5: 61–63
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 34.2 (29.0–33.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore; pore diameter: 2.2 (2.0–3.0) µm; annulus width: 1.9 (1.6–2.1) µm; coarsely scabrate; exine thickness: 0.8 (0.6–1.1) µm.
Heteropogon contortus (
L.) Beauv.
Ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes
Plate 4: 55–56
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 46.3 (39.0–48.5) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore; pore diameter: 3.3 (2–4) µm; annulus width: 3.7 (3.5–4.3); scabrate; exine thickness: 1.9 (1–2.5) µm.
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 33.3 (27.0–40.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore with operculum often present; pore diameter: 2.5 (2.0–3.0) µm; annulus width: 2.6 (2.0–3.0) µm; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.1 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Pennisetum ciliare (
L.) Link
var. ciliare
(synonym:
Cenchrus ciliaris L.)
Plate 4: 45–47
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 36.5 (21.0–46.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore with operculum often present; pore diameter: 3.6 (2.5–5.0) µm; annulus width: 3.5 (2.75–4.0); scabrate to microrugulate; exine thickness: 1.4 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
(synonym:
Phragmites communis Trin.)
Plate 5: 64–66
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 23.4 (21.9–26.5) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore with operculum often present; pore diameter: 1.9 (1.5–2.4) µm; annulus width: 1.9 (1.5–2.3) µm; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.2 (0.9–1.4) µm.
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kergúelen
(synonym:
Setaria geniculata auct. non (Wild.) Beauv.)
Plate 4: 54
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 43.7 (39.0–47.0) µm; monoporate; round pore; pore diameter: 3.7 (3.0–4.0) µm; annulus width: 3.3 (3.0–4.0) µm; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.5 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Spartina alterniflora Loisel.
Plate 5: 57–58
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 37.6 (33.0–42.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore; pore diameter: 3.8 (3.0–4.0) µm; annulus width: 2.7 (2.0–3.0) µm; scabrate; exine thickness: 1.3 (1.1–1.5) µm.
Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers.
Plate 5: 59–60
Spherical grain; maximum dimension: 37.2 (34.0–40.0) µm; monoporate; round annulate pore with operculum often present; pore diameter: 3.3 (2.0–4.0) µm; annulus width: 2.3 (2.0–3.0) µm; indistinct edge of annulus; psilate to finely scabrate; exine thickness: 1.1 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Pontederiaceae
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
Plate 9: 117–118
Oval grain; long axis: 61.5 (55.0–68.0) µm; short axis: 34.6 (30.0–45.0) µm; monosulcate; sulcus extending length of grain; microverrucate; exine thickness: 1.8 (1.0–3.0) µm.
Oval grain; long axis: 60.6 (45.0–72.0) µm; short axis: 26.8 (19.0–32.0) µm; dicolpate; colpus length: 56.1 (46.9– 71.4) µm; microrugulate; exine thickness: 2.8 (2.0–3.0) µm.
Typhaceae
Typha domingensis Pers.
Plate 22: 368–369
Spherical grain (individual grain); planar tetrad but typically dispersed as individual grain; maximum dimension (individual grain): 25.6 (22.0–30.0) µm; monoulcerate; reticulate; exine thickness: 1.7 (1.0–2.0) µm.
Spherical grain (individual grain); planar tetrahedral tetrad; usually dispersed as tetrahedral tetrads but occasionally dispersed as linear tetrads or monads; tetrad diameter: 60.5 (52.0–70.0) µm; maximum dimension (individual grain): 33.0 (27.0–38.0) µm; monoulcerate; reticulate; exine thickness: 1.1 (1.0–2.0) µm.
